TY - CONF A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Adam, Christian ED - Martins, I. M. ED - Ulsen, C. ED - Villagran, Y. T1 - Advantages of recycling gypsum plasterboards N2 - Advantages of recycling gypsum plaster boards During the last decades the material composition of buildings has become increasingly diverse. However, largely sorted material flows are needed for generating high quality secondary building materials. The use of secondary building materials can meet the requirements of sustainability in several ways: the extended time availability of primary raw materials and, thereby, the preservation of natural resources as well as the conservation of landfill sites. Recycling of gypsum (calcium sulfate) can be a good example for the environmental benefits of closed-loop recycling. The content of sulfates in other secondary building materials, in particular in recycled concrete aggregates, should be minimized for quality reasons. In contrast, separated gypsum can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum are met. Since almost all processing steps in the recycling process are associated with environmental impacts, an environmental evaluation of the use of recycled gypsum as a substitute in gypsum production has to be carefully conducted. This paper focusses on the techniques for generating recycled gypsum from gypsum plasterboards, the related quality requirements and a comprehensive environmental evaluation of the complete process. T2 - IV International Conference Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 11.10.2018 KW - Environmental evaluation KW - Gypsum KW - CDW processing PY - 2018 SN - 978-2-35158-208-4 VL - PRO 124 SP - 243 EP - 250 PB - Rilem publications S.A.R.L. CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-48078 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Advantages of recycling gypsum plasterboards N2 - During the last decades the material composition of buildings has become increasingly diverse. However, largely sorted material flows are needed for generating high quality secondary building materials. The use of secondary building materials can meet the requirements of sustainability in several ways: the extended time availability of primary raw materials and, thereby, the preservation of natural resources as well as the conservation of landfill sites. Recycling of gypsum (calcium sulfate) can be a good example for the environmental benefits of closed-loop recycling. The content of sulfates in other secondary building materials, in particular in recycled concrete aggregates, should be minimized for quality reasons. In contrast, separated gypsum can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum are met. Since almost all processing steps in the recycling process are associated with environmental impacts, an environmental evaluation of the use of recycled gypsum as a substitute in gypsum production has to be carefully conducted. This paper focusses on the techniques for generating recycled gypsum from gypsum plasterboards, the related quality requirements and a comprehensive environmental evaluation of the complete process. T2 - IV International Conference Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 11.10.2018 KW - Environmental evaluation KW - CDW processing KW - Gypsum PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-48079 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Noack, M. A1 - Seidlitzki, G. A1 - Kölsch, P. A1 - Schäfer, R. A1 - Tussaint, P. T1 - Aluminium in MFI-Membranen: Verteilung und Lokalisierung während der Synthese, der Einfluss der Suporte und die Wirkung auf die Permeation T2 - 16. Deutsche Zeolith Tagung CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2004-03-03 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-3317 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Noack, M. A1 - Seidlitzki, G. A1 - Kölsch, P. A1 - Schäfer, R. A1 - Tussaint, P. T1 - Aluminium in MFI-Membranen: Verteilung und Lokalisierung während der Synthese, der Einfluss der Support und die Wirkung auf die Permeation T2 - 16. Deutsche Zeolith Tagung CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2004-03-03 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4960 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Römich, H. A1 - Jägers, E. A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Adam, Karin T1 - Cleaning - A balancing act N2 - This text originally appeared as chapter 5, 'Reinigung - Eine Gratwanderung' (pp. 101-28) in A. Wolff (ed.), Restaurierung und Konservierung historischer Glasmalereien, Mainz, 2000. Within the context of this research programme, scientists and conservators collaborated to assess various cleaning methods for historical stained glass. For cleaning glass surfaces there are the mechanical methods already being applied in most workshops, as well as the new chemical cleaning possibilities. Laboratory experiments were conducted initially on model glass in order to test the effectiveness and damage potential of these various methods; the model glass was examined both before and after cleaning by means of light microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. In addition to this, cleaning tests were carried out on samples of original glass; electron-ray micro-analysis was also used to evaluate the results of these tests. The model-glass samples were corroded in advance by accelerated weathering in an attempt to simulate the damage seen on medieval glass. Enough model glass was prepared to allow any number of series of experiments to be carried out, in order to compare the effectiveness and suitability of the various chemical and mechanical methods and techniques. For the mechanical cleaning tests, a wide range of selected tools was tested by different conservators on pre-corroded model glass. This showed clearly that the success (or lack of it) of a cleaning episode was determined not just the choice of tool, but by the skill with which conservator wielded it. This observation was later confirmed by research on samples of original glass. Insensitive handling of tools or unsuitable tools could damage or completely destroy the gel layer. The gel layer should not be damaged, as this leads to increased levels of corrosion subsequently, though the encrustations should be reduced, as their hygroscopic qualities accelerate the corrosion processes. At the next stage, chemical cleaning methods were tested, and the results of cleaning with organic solvents (toluene, ethanol, acetone, etc.) and water-based solutions (oxalic acids, EDTA, ammoniac, etc.) compared with one another and evaluated. It became clear that strongly acidic and alkaline solutions, depending on the condition of the surface, could cause damage or have uncontrollable consequences. In the specific case of the glass from Erfurt Cathedral, for whose firmly fixed, very hard, opaque encrustations mechanical methods proved to be either ineffective or damaging to the glass, new chemical cleaning possibilities had to be found. Following comprehensive preliminary tests on model glass, various types of ion-exchanger and ammonium-carbonate solution were chosen. Both methods were successful in improving the transparency of some (but not all) of the samples. The experiments with the original material from Erfurt Cathedral clearly showed that successful cleaning was dependent on the particular composition of the encrustation. Really gentle cleaning can be achieved by chemical means, though only when the chemical agents are tailored to individual damage situations; this can only be achieved when scientific analysis is undertaken in tandem with the cleaning processes. The assessment of these mechanical and chemical cleaning methods was oriented towards treating corrosion on sensitive medieval glass. Nineteenth-century glass is generally less sensitive, though cleaning of this material must also be careful and very gentle. Scientific analysis alone is not enough to determine the choice of cleaning method, but can act as an aid to the conservator in selecting the right cleaning agent and method. KW - Historische Glasmalereien KW - Restaurierung PY - 2006 UR - http://www.cvma.ac.uk/conserv/cleaning.html SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - Kings's College CY - London AN - OPUS4-12308 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rikowski, Eckhard A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Müller, W. T1 - Corrosion mechanisms and preventive conservation of baroque enamelled jewelleries T2 - Experts' Meeting on Enamel Conservation, Château de Germolles CY - Mellecey, France DA - 2006-07-01 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13240 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin T1 - Die Glasmalereien im Gotischen Haus in Wörlitz - Sicherung und Schutz; Abschlußbericht zum Projekt der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt KW - Glaszusammensetzung KW - Kulturguterhaltung PY - 2000 SN - 3-361-00519-1 IS - 11 SP - 1 EP - 64 PB - Kulturstiftung Dessau-Wörlitz CY - Dessau AN - OPUS4-3234 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Kruschke, Detlef A1 - Köcher, Christa T1 - Dürfen Glasmalereien des 19. Jahrhunderts bei der Restaurierung einem Neubrand unterzogen werden? T2 - 4. Internationales Forum zur Restaurierung und Technologie historischer Glasmalereien CY - Troyes, Frankreich DA - 2001-05-17 KW - Kulturguterhaltung PY - 2001 VL - 48 SP - 49 EP - 52 CY - Romont AN - OPUS4-3244 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Schulz, T. A1 - Linsz, E. T1 - Environmental evaluation of different ways to produce recycled concrete aggregates N2 - Due to the great quantities of construction and demolition waste in Europe, the reuse of building material waste as secondary raw materials is of particular importance. A recycling of building materials can meet the requirements of sustainability in several aspects: the extended time availability of primary raw materials and the related protection of natural resources as well as the saving of landfill sites. In recent years sulphates originating from gypsum in secondary building materials, made of construction and demolition waste, received growing attention. Sulphates are unwanted in secondary building materials for concrete production as well as for other use e.g. in unbounded layers. The content of gypsum resp. sulphates in secondary aggregates can be reduced by different methods. Depending on the type of material different steps for selective dismantling can be used to separate gypsum containing residues from concrete rubble. Furthermore some steps for the processing of building rubble are suitable for the reduction of sulphates in the produced aggregates. An environmental evaluation of different ways for the production of recycled concrete aggregates was performed with regard to a reduction of sulphates in the secondary building material. The use of techniques for selective dismantling was environmentally advantegous for the deconstruction of three investigated model houses. T2 - SUM2014 - 2nd Symposium on urban mining CY - Bergamo, Italy DA - 19.05.2014 KW - Recycling KW - Concrete aggregates KW - Building waste KW - Construction PY - 2014 SN - 9788862650311 SP - Session C 6, 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-30825 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Buchert, M. A1 - Sutter, J. T1 - Environmental Evaluation of Gypsum Plasterboard Recycling N2 - Gypsum is widely used in the construction sector and its worldwide consumption has been increasing for several decades. Depending on the life-time of the used gypsum products, an increase of gypsum in construction and demolition waste follows. Especially against the background of a circular economy, the recycling of waste gypsum is of growing importance. However, the use of recycled gypsum makes only sense if it is environmentally friendly. Therefore, an evaluation of the environmental impacts of an industrial-scale processing for the recycling of post-consumer gypsum waste was conducted. The evaluation was performed with an established life cycle assessment software. Original data provided by industry and complementary data from a database for life cycle assessments were used for the calculations. Two scenarios for recycled gypsum with different transportation distances were calculated. These results are compared with results of the environmental evaluation of gypsum derived from coal-fired power plants (FGD gypsum) and natural gypsum. The results show that utilization of recycled gypsum can be environmentally advantageous compared to the use of natural gypsum or FGD gypsum, especially in the impact categories land transformation and resource consumption (abiotic depletion potential). For most environmental impact categories the specific transportation distances have a strong influence. KW - Gypsum plasterboards KW - Gypsum waste KW - Recycled gypsum KW - Environmental evaluation PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-522321 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/min11020101 SN - 2075-163X VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 101 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-52232 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Schraut, Katharina A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Gluth, Gregor T1 - Erzeugung klimaschonender Bindemittel als Alternativen zu Zement durch thermochemische Behandlung von mineralischen Nebenprodukten und Abfällen N2 - Die Zementindustrie erzeugt etwa 6-7% der globalen CO2-Emissionen und steht damit als Industriezweig vor dem Hintergrund einer anvisierten Klimaneutralität vor gewaltigen Herausforderungen. Der Prozess der Klinkerherstellung wurde über die vergangenen Jahrzehnte bereits kontinuierlich optimiert. Seit 1990 ist es der deutschen Zementindustrie gelungen, die spezifischen CO2-Emissionen der Zementproduktion u. a. durch den Einsatz alternativer, nicht fossiler Brennstoffe und durch Absenkung des Klinkergehalts im Zement um 20 % zu senken. Weitere konventionelle Minderungsstrategien versprechen jedoch nur noch wenig zusätzliche Reduktion. Im Falle des Portlandklinkers besteht die Schwierigkeit darin, dass zwei Drittel der CO2-Emissionen rohstoffbedingt durch die Entsäuerung des Kalksteins (CaCO3) anfallen, die durch die beschriebenen Maßnahmen nicht weiter abgesenkt werden können. Vielmehr wird es erforderlich sein, noch zu entwickelnde oder zu optimierende Technologien anzuwenden und ggf. alle relevanten Ebenen wie Produktion, Weiterverarbeitung und Anwendung von Zement und Beton neu zu denken. Neben technologischen Ansätzen zur CO2-Abscheidung mit nachfolgender langfristiger Speicherung (Carbon Capture and Storage – CCS) oder Verwertung (Carbon Capture and Utilisation – CCU) werden auch alternative Rohstoffe für die Zementproduktion und alternative Bindemittel in Betracht zu ziehen sein. T2 - Berliner Konferenz Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 25.04.2022 KW - Zement KW - Sekundärrohstoff PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-944310-58-9 SP - 372 EP - 385 PB - TK-Verlag CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-54737 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Rikowski, Eckhard A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Torge, Manfred T1 - Glass disease - special corrosion phenomena T2 - International Workshop "Non-destructive analysis and testing of museum objects", Intercollege CY - Nicosia, Cyprus DA - 2006-05-18 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13238 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Korrosion und chemische Zusammensetzung mittelalterlicher Gläser der Marienkirche T2 - Poster soll in der Dauerausstellung über die Restaurierung der mittelalterlichen Kirchenfenster in der Marienkirche ausgestellt werden CY - Frankfurt (Oder), Germany DA - 2004-02-01 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4963 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Adam, Karin T1 - Können 5 ng oder 30 ng/g einer Nebenphase das Diffraktogramm einer Pulverprobe signifikant verändern? T2 - Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kristallographie e. V. und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kristallwachstum und Kristallzüchtung e. V. CY - Jena DA - 2004-03-15 PY - 2004 SN - 0930-486X SP - 109 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-3432 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Müller, Wolfgang T1 - Materialanalysen KW - Kulturguterhaltung KW - Glasanalysen PY - 2004 SN - 3-361-00577-9 SP - 81 EP - 86 PB - Ed. Leipzig CY - Leipzig AN - OPUS4-3459 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Römich, H. A1 - Weissmann, R. A1 - Drewello, R. ED - Wolff, A. T1 - Naturwissenschaft im Dienst der Restaurierung KW - Kulturguterhaltung KW - Glaszusammensetzung KW - Mikroorganismen PY - 2000 SN - 3-8053-2648-3 SP - 65 EP - 99 PB - von Zabern CY - Mainz AN - OPUS4-3236 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen an Glasproben aus den mittelalterlichen Glasfenstern der St. Marienkirche in Frankfurt (Oder) KW - Glasmalerei KW - Glasanalysen PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-88462-272-8 SP - 208 EP - 211 PB - Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft CY - Frankfurt (Oder) AN - OPUS4-17902 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Feldmann, Ines T1 - Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen an Glasproben aus Mühlhausen N2 - Die Bestimmung der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Glasproben, insbesondere von historischen Glasmalereien, gehört seit mehr als 20 Jahren zu den Standardverfahren in der Arbeitsgruppe 4.21 »Umwelteinflüsse und Schädigungsmechanismen« der BAM. Während in den 1990er Jahren eine Elektronenstrahlmikrosonde für diese Analysen zur Verfügung stand, werden seit etwa zehn Jahren solche Untersuchungen mit einem Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) durchgeführt. KW - Glasmalerei KW - Glasanalysen KW - EDX PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-937940-77-9 N1 - Serientitel: Arbeitshefte des Thüringischen Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie – Series title: Arbeitshefte des Thüringischen Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie VL - 38 SP - 96 EP - 97 PB - Sandstein CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-25483 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Kruschke, Detlef ED - Martin, F. T1 - Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen an Gläsern, Malschichtproben und Bleiprofilen aus den Kirchen St. Jacobi in Greifswald, St. Marien und St. Nikolai in Rostock PY - 2005 SN - 3-361-00594-9 SP - 127 EP - 137 PB - Ed. Leipzig CY - Leipzig AN - OPUS4-11602 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Adam, Karin T1 - Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen an historischen Glasmalereien N2 - Im diesem Artikel soll ein Überblick zur Zusammensetzung von historischen Gläsern, den sich daraus ergebenden Problemen bei der Restaurierung von mittelalterlichen Kirchenfenstern und naturwissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen an den Glasoberflächen zur Auswahl von Reinigungsmethoden gegeben werden. KW - Kulturguterhaltung KW - Airbrasive KW - Rasterelektronenmikroskopie PY - 2001 UR - http://www.struers.com/resources/elements/12/2443/38art6_de.pdf IS - 38 SP - 25 EP - 29 PB - Struers CY - Willich AN - OPUS4-3246 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -