TY - GEN A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Schmidt, B. A1 - Sötebier, C. A1 - Pergantis, S. A1 - Shigeta, K. T1 - Single particle and single cell ICP-MS N2 - ICP-MS is a well-established analytical method which excels by high accuracy, high dynamic range and extremely low limits of detection for most metals. Furthermore ICP-MS offers a very high multi-element coverage so that many elements of the periodic table can be detected simultaneously. In this series of lectures, we want to focus on the historical developments, fundamentals, instrumentation and novel applications of ICP-MS in the life and material sciences. KW - Single particle ICP-MS KW - Single cell ICP-MS PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40952 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, R. A1 - Weigl, B. A1 - Sommer, K. A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Gamer, Nadja A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Reiners, Georg T1 - Werkstoffoberflächen - Haftung und Reinigung KW - Haftung KW - Reinigung KW - Steriltechnik PY - 2003 SN - 0946-7726 SN - 1619-8662 VL - 48 IS - 1-2 SP - 52 EP - 53 PB - GIT-Verlag CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-2385 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, R. A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Weigl, B. A1 - Gamer, Nadja A1 - Reiners, Georg A1 - Sommer, K. T1 - Topografische Charakterisierung von Oberflächen im steriltechnischen Anlagenbau PY - 2003 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2142 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, R. A1 - Weigl, B. A1 - Sommer, K. A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Gamer, Nadja A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Reiners, Georg T1 - Werkstoffoberflächen - Haftung und Reinigung KW - Steriltechnik KW - Haftung KW - Reinigung PY - 2003 SN - 1617-8378 VL - 1 SP - 15 EP - 16 PB - GIT Verl. CY - Darmstadt AN - OPUS4-2648 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bobe, U. A1 - Sommer, K. A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Reiners, Georg A1 - Schmidt, R. T1 - Influence on the Adhesion of Biological Particles T2 - 7th European Adhesion Conference - EURADH 2004 CY - Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany DA - 2004-09-07 KW - Haftung KW - Reinigung KW - Mikroorganismen PY - 2004 SP - 6 pages PB - DECHEMA CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-4836 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koenders, L. A1 - Hasche, K. A1 - Ulm, G. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Ade, G. A1 - Stümpel, J. A1 - Busch, I. A1 - Thomsen-Schmidt, P. A1 - Schädlich, S. A1 - Schindler, A. A1 - Frank, W. A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Procop, Mathias T1 - Über die metrologische Charakterisierung von Schichtdicken Standards im Nanometerbereich T2 - 12th Applied Surface Analysis Workshop ; AOFA 12 CY - --- DA - 2002-09-15 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-2285 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, R. A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Weigl, B. A1 - Gamer, Nadja A1 - Reiners, Georg A1 - Sommer, K. T1 - Topographische Charakterisierung von Oberflächen im steriltechnischen Anlagenbau PY - 2003 SN - 0009-286X SN - 1522-2640 VL - 75 IS - 4 SP - 428 EP - 431 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2557 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Boeck, T. A1 - Schmidt, K. A1 - Lorenz, M. A1 - Rosenfeld, A. A1 - Rudolph, Pascale A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang ED - Gobrecht, J. T1 - Ultra-short pulse laser seeding techniques for silicon crystallite growth on amorphous substrates T2 - QUANTSOL 99 CY - Wildhaus, Switzerland DA - 1999-03-14 PY - 1999 SP - 1(?) EP - 3(?) AN - OPUS4-12041 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Debatin, F. A1 - Behrens, K. A1 - Weber, J. A1 - Baburin, I. A. A1 - Thomas, A. A1 - Schmidt, J. A1 - Senkovska, I. A1 - Kaskel, S. A1 - Kelling, A. A1 - Hedin, N. A1 - Bacsik, Z. A1 - Leoni, S. A1 - Seifert, G. A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Günter, C. A1 - Schilde, U. A1 - Friedrich, A. A1 - Holdt, H.-J. T1 - An isoreticular family of microporous metal-organic frameworks based on zinc and 2-substituted imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate: syntheses, structures and properties N2 - We report on a new series of isoreticular frameworks based on zinc and 2-substituted imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate (IFP-1–4, IFP=imidazolate framework Potsdam) that form one-dimensional, microporous hexagonal channels. Varying R in the 2-substitued linker (R=Me (IFP-1), Cl (IFP-2), Br (IFP-3), Et (IFP-4)) allowed the channel diameter (4.0–1.7 Å), the polarisability and functionality of the channel walls to be tuned. Frameworks IFP-2, IFP-3 and IFP-4 are isostructural to previously reported IFP-1. The structures of IFP-2 and IFP-3 were solved by X-ray crystallographic analyses. The structure of IFP-4 was determined by a combination of PXRD and structure modelling and was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and 1H MAS and 13C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. All IFPs showed high thermal stability (345–400°C); IFP-1 and IFP-4 were stable in boiling water for 7 d. A detailed porosity analysis was performed on the basis of adsorption measurements by using various gases. The potential of the materials to undergo specific interactions with CO2 was investigated by measuring the isosteric heats of adsorption. The capacity to adsorb CH4 (at 298 K), CO2 (at 298 K) and H2 (at 77 K) at high pressure were also investigated. In situ IR spectroscopy showed that CO2 is physisorbed on IFP-1–4 under dry conditions and that both CO2 and H2O are physisorbed on IFP-1 under moist conditions. KW - Adsorption KW - Metal-organic frameworks KW - Microporous materials KW - N,O ligands KW - Zinc PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201200889 SN - 0947-6539 SN - 1521-3765 VL - 18 IS - 37 SP - 11630 EP - 11640 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-27725 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Peters, T. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. T1 - Development of a specific OECD Test Guideline on Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials N2 - In this research project, a new OECD Test Guideline (TG) for the determination of “Particle Size and Particle Size Distributions of Nanomaterials” was developed as the existing OECD TG 110 is considered to be outdated in terms of applicable size range (not covering sizes <200 nm) and methods. By its scope with an applicable size range from 1 to 1000 nm the new Test Guideline (TG PSD) covers the whole nanoscale. The TG PSD is applicable for particulate and fibrous nanomaterials. The prescribed, pairwise measurement of fibre diameter and length in the TG PSD allows for the first time to differen-tiate fibres with regard to their size-dependent hazard properties. Measurement instructions for each included method were validated within two separated interlaboratory comparisons, as a distinction between near spherical particles and fibres when applying the methods has to be made. Besides information on content and structure of the TG PSD, this final report outlines essential steps, considerations and organisational aspects during the development of the TG. Insights into the selec-tion, preparation and prevalidation of test materials used in the interlaboratory comparison are given. Finally, main results of the interlaboratory comparisons and their impacts on the TG PSD are pre-sented. N2 - Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts wurde eine neue OECD-Prüfrichtlinie (TG) für die Bestimmung von Partikelgrößen und Partikelgrößenverteilungen von Nanomaterialien entwickelt, da die existie-rende OECD TG 110 zur Bestimmung von Partikelgrößen in Bezug auf den anwendbaren Größenbe-reich und die gegebenen Methoden veraltet ist bzw. den Nanometerbereich < 200 nm nicht abdeckt. Mit ihrem Anwendungsbereich von 1 bis 1000 nm deckt die neue Prüfrichtlinie (TG PSD) die gesamte Nanoskala ab. Die TG PSD ist für partikel- und faserförmige Nanomaterialien anwendbar. Durch die, in der TG PSD vorgeschriebene, paarweise Messung von Faserdurchmesser und -länge ermöglicht diese TG zum ersten Mal Fasern hinsichtlich ihrer größenabhängigen Gefahrstoffeigenschaften zu unter-scheiden. Die Messanweisungen aller enthaltenen Methoden wurden im Rahmen von zwei getrennten Ringversuchen validiert, da bei der Anwendung der Methoden eine Unterscheidung zwischen Parti-keln und Fasern gemacht werden muss. Neben Angaben zum Inhalt und Struktur der TG PSD, befasst sich der vorliegende Abschlussbericht mit den wesentlichen Schritten, Überlegungen und organisatorischen Aspekten bei der Entwicklung der Prüfrichtlinie. Darüber hinaus werden Einblicke in die Auswahl, Vorbereitung und Prävalidierung der im Ringversuch verwendeten Testmaterialien gegeben. Schließlich werden die wichtigsten Ergeb-nisse aus den Ringversuchen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die TG PSD vorgestellt. KW - Nano KW - OECD KW - Particle size distribution KW - Testguideline KW - Nanoparticle PY - 2021 VL - 2021 SP - 1 EP - 47 PB - German Environment Agency CY - Dessau AN - OPUS4-54021 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bresch, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Alexandra A1 - Kämpf, K. A1 - Bachmann, V. A1 - Peters, T. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T. T1 - Draft OECD Test Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals - Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials N2 - Final Draft of the OECD Test Guideline for Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials. The OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials (WPMN) has actively worked towards understanding possible safety issues for manufactured nanomaterials and has contributed significantly to resolving these by developing Test Guidelines, Guidance Documents, Test Reports and other publications with the aim of a safe use of manufactured nanomaterials. The OECD website (www.oecd.org/science/nanosafety) and the referenced publications contain more background information. Among others, the OECD Test Guideline “Particle Size Distribution/Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions” (TG 110, adopted in 1981) was identified to require an update to address the specific needs of manufactured nanomaterials as the TG 110 is currently only valid for particles and fibres with sizes above 250 nm. The WPMN prioritised to either update TG 110 to be applicable also to particles at the nanoscale or draft a new nanomaterial specific Test Guideline (TG). Eventually, it was decided to develop a new TG for particle size and particle size distribution measurements of nanomaterials covering the size range from 1 nm to 1000 nm for further justification. This TG overlaps with TG 110 in the size range from 250 nm to 1000 nm. When measuring particulate or fibrous materials, the appropriate TG should be selected depending on the size range of particles tested. In line with TG 110, the new TG for nanomaterials includes separate parts for particles and fibres. For the part of this TG which addresses particles, several methods applicable to nanomaterials were reviewed and included to take into account developments since 1981 when the TG110 was adopted. This TG includes the following methods: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Centrifugal Liquid Sedimentation (CLS)/Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Differential Mobility Analysis System (DMAS), (Nano)Particle Tracking Analysis (PTA/NTA), Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). For measuring the diameter and length of fibres, analysing images captured with electron microscopy is currently the only method available. This TG includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). To test the validity of this TG, an ILC was performed. Test materials were chosen to reflect a broad 68 range of nanomaterial classes, e.g. metals, metal oxides, polymers and carbon materials. Where possible, well-characterised test materials were used. Additionally, the test materials were chosen, so that they reflect a broad range of sizes representing the size range 1 nm to 1000 nm and finally, for fibres only, aspect ratios from length/diameter of 3 to > 50. KW - Nano KW - OECD KW - Test guideline KW - Nanomaterial KW - Nanoparticle PY - 2021 UR - https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/testing/draft-test-guideline-particle-size-distribution-nanomaterials.pdf SP - 1 PB - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-53828 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -