TY - JOUR A1 - Naka, A. A1 - Yasutaka, T. A1 - Sakanakura, H. A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Watanabe, Y. A1 - Inoba, S. A1 - Takeo, M. A1 - Inui, T. A1 - Katsumi, T. A1 - Fujikawa, T. A1 - Sato, K. A1 - Higashinog, K. A1 - Someyaga, M. T1 - Column percolation test for contaminated soils: Key factors for standardization N2 - Column percolation tests may be suitable for prediction of chemical leaching from soil and soil materials. However, compared with batch leaching tests, they are time-consuming. It is therefore important to investigate ways to shorten the tests without affecting the quality of results. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of decreasing testing time by increasing flow rate and decreasing equilibration time compared to the conditions specified in ISO/TS 21268-3, with equilibration periods of 48 h and flow rate of 12 mL/h. We tested three equilibration periods (0, 12–16, and 48 h) and two flow rates (12 and 36 mL/h)on four different soils and compared the inorganic constituent releases. For soils A and D, we observed similar values for all conditions except for the 0 h–36 mL/h case. For soil B, we observed no appreciable differences between the tested conditions, while for soil C there were no consistent trends probably due to the difference in ongoing oxidation reactions between soil samples. These results suggest that column percolation tests can be shortened from 20 to 30 days to 7–9 days by decreasing the equilibration time to 12–16 h and increasing the flow rate to 36 mL/h for inorganic substances. KW - Contaminated soils KW - Column percolation PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-372038 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.046 SN - 0304-3894 VL - 320 SP - 326 EP - 340 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-37203 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shimada, Y. A1 - Ikeda, Yuki A1 - Yoshida, K. A1 - Sato, M. A1 - Chen, J. A1 - Du, Y. A1 - Inoue, K. A1 - Maaß, Robert A1 - Nagai, Y. A1 - Konno, T. T1 - In situ thermal annealing transmission electron microscopy of irradiation induced Fe nanoparticle precipitation in Fe–Si alloy N2 - The typical experimental conditions inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM), such as ultra-high vacuum, high-energy electron irradiation, and surface effects of ultrathin TEM specimens, can be the origin of unexpected microstructural changes compared with that of bulk material during in situ thermal-annealing experiments. In this paper, we report on the microstructural changes of a Fe–15%Si alloy during in situ TEM annealing, where, in its bulk form, it exhibits an ordering transformation from D03 to B2 at 650 °C. Using a heating-pot type double tilt holder with a proportional–integral–differential control system, we observed the precipitation of α-Fe both at the sample surface and inside the sample. Surface precipitates formed via surface diffusion are markedly large, several tens of nm, whereas precipitates inside the specimen, which are surrounded by Fe-poor regions, reach a maximum size of 20 nm. This unexpected microstructural evolution could be attributed to vacancies on Si sites, which are induced due to high-energy electron irradiation before heating, as well as enhanced thermal diffusion of Fe atoms. KW - In situ thermal-annealing experiment KW - Microstructural changes of a Fe Si alloy KW - Microstructural evolution PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0070471 SN - 0021-8979 VL - 131 IS - 16 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-54728 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wäsche, Rolf A1 - Sato, K. A1 - Brandt, Guido A1 - Schmid, Thomas A1 - Sasaki, S. A1 - Woydt, Mathias T1 - Wear behaviour of MgO stabilized zirconia in hot steam environment up to 400°C N2 - Self-mated magnesia stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ceramic sliding couples have been investigated at 100 N load (P0max= 1324 MPa) in oscillating sliding conditions in different humidity conditions in air and in hot steam. Temperatures have been varied up to 400 °C and pressures up to 6 bars. The results show that the wear behavior of MgO-ZrO2 under high Hertzian contact pressures is strongly dependent on temperature and is similar for both dry oscillating and oscillating in hot steam. However, although the evolution in wear rates on temperature is similar and the wear rates of MgO-ZrO2 plunged above 300 °C in hot steam and air by nearly three orders of magnitude, SEM micrographs revealed in hot steam at 400 °C smooth wear tracks. In contrast, hot steam enhanced the tribochemistry of self-mated alumina couples and reduced wear rates. Hot steam decreased the coefficients of friction of MgO-ZrO2 with increasing temperature, but not the wear rates. KW - Hot steam KW - Zirconia KW - Friction KW - Wear KW - Tribofilm KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.047 VL - 426-427 SP - 428 EP - 432 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-47873 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -