TY - JOUR A1 - Wiedensohler, A. A1 - Wiesner, A. A1 - Weinhold, K. A1 - Birmili, W. A1 - Herrmann, M. A1 - Merkel, M. A1 - Müller, T. A1 - Pfeifer, S. A1 - Schmidt, A. A1 - Tuch, T. A1 - Velarde, F. A1 - Quincey, P. A1 - Seeger, Stefan A1 - Nowak, A. T1 - Mobility particle size spectrometers: Calibration procedures and measurement uncertainties N2 - Mobility particle size spectrometers (MPSS) belong to the essential instruments in aerosol science that determine the particle number size distribution (PNSD)in the submicrometer size range. Following calibration procedures and target uncertainties against standards and reference instruments are suggested for a complete MPSS quality assurance program: a) calibration of the CPC counting efficiency curve (within 5% for the plateau counting efficiency; within 1 nm for the 50% detection efficiency diameter), b) sizing calibration of the MPSS, using a certified polystyrene latex (PSL) particle size standard at 203 nm (within 3%), c) intercomparison of the PNSD of the MPSS (within 10% and 20% of the dN/dlogDP concentration for the particle size range 20 – 200 nm and 200 to 800 nm, respectively), and d) intercomparison of the integral PNC of the MPSS (within 10%). Furthermore, following measurement uncertainties have been investigated: a) PSL particle size standards in the range from 100-500nm match within 1% after sizing calibration at 203 nm. b) Bipolar diffusion chargers based on the radioactive nuclides Kr85, Am241 and Ni63 and a new ionizer based on corona discharge follow the recommended bipolar charge distribution, while soft X-ray-based charges may alter faster than expected. c) The use of a positive high voltage supply show a 10% better performance than a negative one. d) The intercomparison of the integral PNC of an MPSS against the total number concentration is still within the target uncertainty at an ambient pressure of approximately 500 hPa. KW - Measurement uncertainties KW - Mobility particle size spectrometer (MPPS) KW - Condensation particle counter (CPC) KW - Calibration PY - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-425060 SN - 1521-7388 VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 146 EP - 164 PB - Tailor & Francis CY - USA AN - OPUS4-42506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Thomsen-Schmidt, P. A1 - Hasche, K. A1 - Ulm, G. A1 - Herrmann, K. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Ade, G. A1 - Stümpel, J. A1 - Procop, Mathias A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Realisation and metrological characterisation of thickness standards below 100 nm T2 - DVG Jahrestagung 2002 CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 2002-06-17 PY - 2002 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Vakuum-Gesellschaft CY - Kaiserslautern AN - OPUS4-1936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomsen-Schmidt, P. A1 - Hasche, K. A1 - Ulm, G. A1 - Herrmann, K. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Ade, G. A1 - Stümpel, J. A1 - Busch, I. A1 - Schädlich, S. A1 - Schindler, A. A1 - Frank, W. A1 - Hirsch, D. A1 - Procop, Mathias A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Realisation and metrological characterisation of thickness standards below 100 nm N2 - High-accuracy film thickness measurements in the range below 100 nm can be made by various complex methods like spectral ellipsometry (SE), scanning force microscopy (SFM), grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry (GIXR), or X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). The measurement results achieved with these methods are based on different interactions between the film and the probe. A key question in nanotechnology is how to achieve consistent results on a level of uncertainty below one nanometre with different techniques. Two different types of thickness standards are realised. Metal film standards for X-ray techniques in the thickness range 10 to 50 nm are calibrated by GIXR with monochromatised synchrotron radiation of 8048 eV. The results obtained at four different facilities show excellent agreement. SiO2 on Si standards for SE and SFM in the thickness range 6 to 1000 nm are calibrated by GIXR with monochromatised synchrotron radiation of 1841 eV and with a metrological SFM. Consistent results within the combined uncertainties are obtained with the two methods. Surfaces and interfaces of both types of standards are additionally investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-003-2273-7 SN - 0947-8396 VL - 78 IS - 5 SP - 645 EP - 649 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-17195 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Wegener, Wolfgang A1 - Herrmann, K.-P. T1 - Measurements of explosions pressures in calorimetric bombs PY - 1985 SN - 0040-6031 SN - 1872-762X IS - 094 SP - 33 EP - 42 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Wegener, Wolfgang A1 - Herrmann, K.-P. T1 - Oberflächendetonationen und erzwungene Zündung PY - 1988 SN - 0340-7551 IS - 18 SP - 369 EP - 373 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1478 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Wegener, Wolfgang A1 - Herrmann, K.-P. T1 - Heterogeneous detonation along a wick PY - 1988 SN - 0079-6050 VL - 114 SP - 362 EP - 371 PB - Academic Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-1479 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Wegener, Wolfgang A1 - Herrmann, K.-P. T1 - Surface detonation and indirect ignition processes PY - 1991 SN - 0079-6050 VL - 133 SP - 279 EP - 294 PB - Academic Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-1480 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paul, M. B. A1 - Fahrenson, C. A1 - Givelet, L. A1 - Herrmann, T. A1 - Loescher, K. A1 - Böhmert, L. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Braeuning, A. A1 - Sieg, H. T1 - Beyond microplastics ‑ investigation on health impacts of submicron and nanoplastic particles after oral uptake in vitro N2 - The continuously increasing use of plastics is supposed to result in a rising exposure of MNPs to humans. Available data on human health risks of microplastics after oral uptake increased immensely in the past years and indicates very likely only low risks after oral consumption. Concerning nanoplastics, uptake, transport and potential adverse effects after oral uptake are less well understood. This study aims to investigate differences between microplastic particles and particles in the submicron- and nanoscaled size derived from food-relevant polymers with a particle size range consistent with higher potential for cellular uptake, fate, and effects when applied to human intestinal and liver cells. This work includes the development of cellular and subcellular detection methods for synthetic polymeric particles in the micro- and nanometer-range, using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Small-Angle X-ray and Dynamic Light Scattering methods, Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation, octanol-water fractionation, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Polylactic acid (250 nm and 2 μm (polydisperse)), melamine formaldehyde (366 nm) and polymethylmethacrylate (25 nm) were thoroughly characterized. The submicro- and nanoplastic test particles showed an increased uptake and transport quantity through intestinal cells. Both types of particles resulted in observed differences of uptake behavior, most likely influenced by different lipophilicity, which varied between the polymeric test materials. Toxic effects were detected after 24 h only in overload situations for the particles in the submicrometer range. This study provides further evidence for gastrointestinal uptake of submicro- and nanoplastics and points towards differences regarding bioavailability between microplastics and smaller plastic particles that may result following the ingestion of contaminated food and beverages. Furthermore, the results reinforce the importance for studying nanoplastics of different materials of varying size, surface properties, polymer composition and hydrophobicity. KW - Small-angle X-ray scattering KW - SAXS KW - nanoparticle PY - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550741 VL - 2 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Springer Nature AN - OPUS4-55074 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merchel, Silke A1 - Ott, U. A1 - Herrmann, S. A1 - Spettel, B. A1 - Faestermann, T. A1 - Knie, K. A1 - Korschinek, G. A1 - Rugel, G. A1 - Wallner, A. T1 - Presolar nanodiamonds: Faster, cleaner, and limits on platinum-HL PY - 2003 SN - 0016-7037 SN - 1872-9533 VL - 67 IS - 24 SP - 4949 EP - 4960 PB - Elsevier Science CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-2845 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maser, K. A1 - Mohr, U. A1 - Leihkauf, R. A1 - Ecker, Klaus A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Grambole, D. A1 - Grötzschel, R. A1 - Herrmann, F. A1 - Krauser, J. A1 - Weidinger, A. T1 - Hydrogen migration in wet-thermally grown silicon dioxide layers due to high dose 15N ion beam irradiation N2 - Three effects have been observed in wet-thermally grown structures under bombardement with energetic 15N ions: (1) Out-diffusion of H from the SiO2/Si system through the surface, (2) Accumulation of H at the SiO2/Si interface, (3) Changes in the optical fingerprint spectra of Ψ and Δ in dependence on λ (wavelength) obtained by ellipsometric measurements. PY - 1999 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00356-1 SN - 0167-9317 SN - 1873-5568 VL - 48 IS - 1-4 SP - 139 EP - 142 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-25572 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -