TY - GEN A1 - Nisi, A. A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Effetti della pandemia COVID-19 sulle attività di valutazione della conformità svolte da organismi e laboratori accreditati in Italia N2 - Die Studie fasst Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Konformitätsbewertungsstellen in Italien zu deren Lage und den Aussichten während der Corona-Pandemie zusammen. Besondere Schwerpunkte wurden auf die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen und die Arbeitsfähigkeit, aber auch auf die Resilienz und die Wirkungen auf die Digitalisierung gelegt. N2 - Lo scoppio della pandemia da Covid-19 ha travolto Italia a inizio anno e i suoi effetti sull’economia sono stati particolarmente pesanti. Proprio per analizzare gli effetti della pandemia sul mercato della valutazione della conformità, lo scorso settembre Accredia, in collaborazione con l’Istituto Federale tedesco della Ricerca e del Collaudo dei Materiali (BAM), la Technische Universität di Berlino e l’Istituto Fraunhofer ISI, ha condotto un’indagine presso gli organismi e i laboratori accreditati in Italia. KW - Corona KW - Konformitätsbewertungsstellen KW - Resilienz KW - COVID-19 KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Zertifizierung KW - Kalibrierung KW - Digitalisierung KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Laboratorium KW - Prüfung PY - 2020 UR - https://www.accredia.it/pubblicazione/corona-monitor-effetti-della-pandemia-da-covid-19-sulle-attivita-accreditate/ SP - 1 EP - 22 CY - Rom, Italien AN - OPUS4-51975 LA - ita AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Pohlisch, Jakob A1 - Blind, K. T1 - International Diffusion of the Information Security Management System Standard ISO/IEC 27001: Exploring the Role of Culture T2 - AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) N2 - In the wake of digitalization, organizations are increasingly exposed to risks associated with security breaches and must take measures to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, and to ensure business continuity. The international standard ISO/IEC 27001 assists organizations in setting up, maintaining and continuously improving their information security management systems. However, despite high growth rates, its international diffusion rates are quite heterogeneous. This paper explores why the diffusion of the international management system standard ISO/IEC 27001 differs across countries. We classify the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 as a ‘preventive organizational innovation’ and draw from diffusion studies of other management system standards and information security research to develop a set of hypotheses. These relate to the impact of cultural dimensions and national ICT development. We use a negative binomial regression model with panel data covering 57 countries over a 12-year period from 2006 to 2017 to test our hypotheses. We find that the cultural dimensions future orientation, power distance, and institutional collectivism as well as high ICT development are driving factors for the diffusion of ISO/IEC 27001. We derive policy recommendations and avenues for future research. T2 - Twenty-Eighth European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS2020) – A Virtual AIS Conference CY - Online meeting DA - 15.06.2020 KW - Information security KW - International diffusion KW - Standards KW - Management system standards KW - ISO/IEC 27001 KW - Preventive innovations KW - Culture KW - GLOBE KW - ICT development index PY - 2020 SP - RP 88 AN - OPUS4-50919 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Dudek, Gabriele A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Die Nutzung und Wirkung genormter Managementsysteme T2 - Eine Studie im Rahmen der Initiative QI-FoKuS N2 - Das Ziel der Initiative QI-FoKuS ist es, eine Datenbasis für neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu Einflussfaktoren und Effekten in der Konformitätsbewertung und Akkreditierung zu schaffen. Ende 2019 wurden in einer ersten Online-Erhebung Unternehmen verschiedener Branchen und Größenklassen in Deutschland zur Nutzung von Managementsystemen und ihren Wirkungen befragt. Diese umfasste weit verbreitete genormte Managementsysteme wie ISO 9001 und ISO 14001 genauso wie bisher wenig untersuchte Systeme wie die ISO 50001 oder ISO/IEC 27001. Es konnten 180 Fragebögen für die vorliegende Studie ausgewertet werden. KW - QI-FoKuS KW - Managementsysteme KW - ISO 9001 KW - ISO/IEC 27001 KW - ISO 50001 KW - ISO 14001 KW - Zertifizierung KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Akkreditierung PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-510831 SN - 978-3-9818564-3-9 DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-51083 VL - 1 SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51083 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Dudek, Gabriele A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Die Nutzung und Wirkung der Norm ISO/IEC 27001 für Informationssicherheit in Unternehmen in Deutschland T2 - Eine Studie im Rahmen der Initiative QI-FoKuS N2 - Das Ziel der Initiative QI-FoKuS ist es, eine Datenbasis für neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu Einflussfaktoren und Effekten in der Konformitätsbewertung und Akkreditierung zu schaffen und hierbei insbesondere auch auf aktuelle Trends und Entwicklungen einzugehen. Von Januar bis März 2020 wurden in einer Online-Erhebung Unternehmen verschiedener Branchen und Größenklassen in Deutschland zur Nutzung und den Wirkungen ihres zertifizierten Managementsystems für Informationssicherheit nach ISO/IEC 27001 befragt. Es konnten 125 vollständig ausgefüllte Fragebögen für die vorliegende Studie ausgewertet werden. KW - Managementsysteme KW - ISO/IEC 27001 KW - Informationssicherheit KW - Zertifizierung KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Akkreditierung KW - QI-FoKuS PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517922 DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-51792 VL - 2 SP - 1 EP - 28 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51792 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Quality assurance in supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical evidence on organisational resilience of conformity assessment bodies JF - Total quality management & business excellence N2 - Global supply chains rely on the compliance and safety of their products, processes, and facilities. These vital services (often referred to as ‘quality assurance’ or ‘conformity assessment’ services) are provided by Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs). This empirical study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CABs as well as their response to the resulting challenges. Data was gathered through an online survey among all accredited CABs in Germany, which resulted in 555 valid responses. Taking a resilience perspective, we reveal that CABs were hit hard by the disruptions caused by the pandemic, albeit to different degrees, in part due to their type of services, size, and sectors served. Furthermore, we find that contingency plans do not directly cushion order declines (as the main indicator of the economic impact of the pandemic) but rather indirectly through helping CABs respond more quickly, which in turn mitigates their order declines. However, our results show that contingency plans can also have adverse effects if they hinder flexible reaction to the crisis. The findings of our study help managers and policymakers learn from the COVID-19 pandemic and improve the resilience of the conformity assessment sector and quality assurance in the event of future crises. KW - Quality Infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Testing laboratories KW - Organizational resilience KW - COVID-19 KW - Conformity assessment PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2022.2078189 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Taylor & Francis AN - OPUS4-55066 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Kinne, J. A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Exploring the Adoption of the International Information Security Management System Standard ISO/IEC 27001: A Web Mining-Based Analysis JF - IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management N2 - In the light of digitalization and recent EU policy initiatives, information is an important asset that organizations of all sizes and from all sectors should secure. However, in order to provide common requirements for the implementation of an information security management system, the internationally well-accepted ISO/IEC 27001 standard has not shown the expected growth rate since its publication more than a decade ago.In this article, we apply web mining to explore the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 through a series of 2664 out of more than 900 000 German firms from the Mannheim Enterprise Panel dataset that refers to this standard on their websites. As a result, we present a “landscape” of ISO/IEC 27001 in Germany, which shows that firms not only seek certifications themselves but often refer on their websites to partners who are certified instead. Consequently, we estimate a probit model and find that larger and more innovative firms are more likely to be certified to ISO/IEC 27001 and that almost half of all certified firms belong to the information and communications technology (ICT) service sector. Based on our findings, we derive implications for policymakers and management and critically assess the suitability of web mining to explore the adoption of management system standards. KW - Adoption KW - Information security KW - Management system standards KW - Standards KW - Web mining PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513284 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.2977815 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 87 EP - 100 AN - OPUS4-51328 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Dudek, Gabriele T1 - Information security management in ICT and non-ICT sector companies: A preventive innovation perspective JF - Computers & Security N2 - Despite the growing dependence of companies on information technology and the increasingly negative impact of security incidents worldwide, there is little research on the management of information security at the company level. This paper seeks to expand knowledge on the implementation of an information security management system based on the widely used international standard ISO/IEC 27001. We present motives, experienced impacts, and obstacles related to ISO/IEC 27001 implementation using data from a survey of 125 ISO/IEC 27001 certified companies in Germany. Since adoption rates vary between ICT and non-ICT sector companies, we highlight sector-related variations. We classify the adoption of this standard as a preventive organizational innovation and apply Structural Equation Modeling to unearth explanations for the comparatively low adoption of this management system standard among companies outside the ICT sector. We, therefore, derive recommendations for policymakers, standardization, and certification bodies to foster its diffusion. KW - Information Security KW - ISO/IEC 27001 KW - Management system standard KW - Certification KW - Information security management system (ISMS) KW - Preventive Innovation KW - Resource-based-view KW - Institutional theory PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-531037 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102383 SN - 0167-4048 VL - 109 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-53103 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Blind, K. ED - Jacobs, K. ED - Morone, P. T1 - Exploring the Diffusion of an ISMS Standard T2 - EURAS Proceedings 2019 N2 - This paper introduces and discusses the applicability of Web Mining of Firm Websites to explore the Diffusion of Management System Standards using the example of an ISMS Standard. T2 - EURAS Conference CY - Rome, Italy DA - 13.06.2019 KW - Management System Standard KW - Information Security KW - Web Mining PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-95886-282-1 VL - 24 SP - 329 EP - 348 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH CY - Aachen, Germany AN - OPUS4-49031 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Mexico - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Mexico. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563645 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56364 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in the United Kingdom - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in the United Kingdom. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565346 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56534 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in West Africa - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in West Africa. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563631 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 45 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56363 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Peru - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Peru. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563417 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56341 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in the Netherlands - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in the Netherlands. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Dutch CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555852 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Colombia - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Colombia. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Colombian CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558484 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55848 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Technology adoption and digital maturity in the conformity assessment industry: Empirical evidence from an international study JF - Global status and trends in Digital Transformation and Conformity Assessment N2 - Technological innovation and digitalization are transforming industries and organizations worldwide. Digital Maturity Models often serve as a reference point to monitor the digitalization progression through prescribed stages. Yet, little is still understood about (i) how a digital maturity model should be designed and deployed in a specific industry setting and (ii) the association between digital maturity and technology adoption. Building on extant literature and extensive interviews with industry experts, we first develop a digital maturity model in the context of the conformity assessment industry (a globally regulated industry responsible for assessing compliance of organizations with standards and regulations). Second, we implement the model and conduct a survey across 1447 organizations in 15 countries. Our findings reveal that the digital transformation journey of the industry progresses along five stages of maturity (with most organizations in the early/ intermediate stages of digital maturity) with distinctive patterns of technical and managerial practices across all stages. Adoption of technologies is (unsurprisingly) associated with higher digital maturity levels - albeit that association does not hold for complex technologies (such as Blockchain) and is impacted by country specifics (measured by the Digital Skills Gap Index). Our study provides insights into digital maturity and the adoption of technologies in an institutional environment that is highly regulated and conservative, in which high integrity of service provision is primary, and digitalization is a secondary focus of organizations. KW - Digital Maturity KW - Standardisation KW - Digital Maturity Scores KW - Technology Adoption KW - Digital Technologies PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601930 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102564 VL - 77 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-60193 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ashari, Parsa Asna A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Africa T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Africa N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Africa. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2023. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - Testing KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - TIC KW - Quality infrastructure PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-588625 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 45 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-58862 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Blind, K. T1 - CORONA-MONITOR - Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf Konformitätsbewertung und Konformitätsbewertungsstellen in Deutschland T2 - Eine Studie im Rahmen der Initiative QI-FoKuS N2 - Die Studie fasst Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Konformitätsbewertungsstellen zu deren Lage und den Aussichten während der Corona-Pandemie zusammen. Besondere Schwerpunkte wurden auf die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen und die Arbeitsfähigkeit, aber auch auf die Resilienz und die Wirkungen auf die Digitalisierung gelegt. KW - Corona KW - COVID-19 KW - Resilienz KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Prüfung KW - Zertifizierung KW - Kalibrierung KW - Inspektion KW - Labor KW - Laboratorium KW - Studie KW - Befragung KW - Digitalisierung PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-518276 UR - www.qi-fokus.de DO - https://doi.org/10.26272/opus4-51827 VL - 3 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-51827 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Resilient gegen Corona? Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf Konformitätsbewertungsstellen N2 - Covid 19 stellt Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft vor immense Herausforderungen – auch die Konformitätsbewertungsbranche ist betroffen. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) hat gemeinsam mit der TU Berlin und dem Fraunhofer ISI die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die wirtschaftliche und operative Lage von Konformitätsbewertungsstellen in Deutschland untersucht. Dabei standen auch die Digitalisierung sowie die Resilienz der Branche im Fokus. KW - Corona KW - Konformitätsbewertungsstellen KW - Resilienz KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - COVID-19 KW - Zertifizierung KW - Digitalisierung KW - Konformitätsbewertung PY - 2021 VL - 66 IS - 01/2021 SP - 36 EP - 39 PB - Carl Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-51974 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Croatia - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Croatia. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565380 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56538 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in New Zealand - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in New Zealand. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity Assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-564038 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56403 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. ED - Jakobs, K. ED - Kim, D.-h. T1 - Digital maturity in the conformity assessment industry: An explorative study from Germany T2 - EURAS proceedings 2022 - Standardisation and open source N2 - The services of Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) are essential to provide for trust in and safety of digital products and services by demonstrating that requirements from standards are met. Thus, it is vital that CABs are ready to fulfil their tasks also in the digital transformation, having the necessary capabilities and resources. Our study is the first to comprehensively assess the digital maturity in the CA industry and to provide some insights into the readiness of the industry to support and at the same time benefit from the digital age. To this end, we developed and implemented a digital maturity model tailored to the CA industry. In this paper, we present first results from our survey among 354 accredited CABs in Germany. With our research we contribute to better understand the digital transformation and maturation of CABs along distinctive stages. The findings suggest that the transformation process in the CA industry is just at the beginning, with the majority of CABs still in early stages of digital maturity. Also, only a few of them already exploit the latest digital technologies and applications like artificial intelligence, blockchain or big data analytics. Nevertheless, CABs regard digitalization as a big opportunity – for themselves and their industry. T2 - 26th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference – Standards for Digital Transformation: Blockchain and Innovation CY - Glasgow, Great Britain DA - 08.06.2022 KW - Digital maturity KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Testing KW - Certification KW - Inspection KW - Laboratory PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-95886-446-7 SP - 253 EP - 272 PB - Verlag Mainz CY - Mainz AN - OPUS4-55065 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Global status and trends in digital transformation and conformity assessment - An international comparison across 15 countries and regions - A QI-FoKuS study T1 - Weltweiter Status und Trends in der digitalen Transformation der Konformitätsbewertung - Ein internationaler Vergleich zwischen 15 Ländern und Regionen - Eine QI-FoKuS-Studie T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - The ongoing digital transformation of the economy and the increasing complexity of networked products and applications are bringing digitalization into the focus of conformity assessment bodies (CABs). The demand for conformity assessment services is rising in tandem with innovations, new technologies, and processes. This poses new challenges for testing and calibration laboratories, inspection and certification bodies, and other CABs. Nevertheless, the emergence of advanced digital technologies and applications also opens up new opportunities for these organizations. This study is the first to comprehensively explore "Digitalization in Conformity Assessment" building on data from an online survey of CABs worldwide (14 countries and West Africa as a region with seven countries). N2 - Die fortschreitende digitale Transformation der Wirtschaft und die zunehmende Komplexität vernetzter Produkte und Anwendungen rücken die Digitalisierung in den Fokus von Konformitätsbewertungsstellen (KBS). Die Nachfrage nach Konformitätsbewertungsdienstleistungen im Einklang mit Innovationen, neuen Technologien und Prozessen steigt. Dies stellt Prüf- und Kalibrierlaboratorien, Inspektions- und Zertifizierungsstellen und andere KBS vor neue Herausforderungen. Der Fortschritt digitaler Technologien und Anwendungen eröffnet diesen Organisationen gleichzeitig neue Chancen. Diese Studie ist die erste, die das Thema der "Digitalisierung in der Konformitätsbewertung" umfassend erforscht. Sie stützt sich auf Daten aus einer Online-Umfrage unter KBS weltweit (14 Länder und Westafrika als Region mit sieben Ländern). KW - Testing KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Corona KW - Digitale Transformation KW - Digitalisierung KW - Kalibrierung KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Konformitätsbewertungsstelle KW - Labor KW - Prüfung KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Zertifizierung PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597659 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 53 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59765 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Germany - A QI-FoKuS study T1 - Digitalisierung in der Konformitätsbewertung in Deutschland - Eine QI-FoKuS-Studie T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Germany. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on German CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). N2 - Dieser Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse der ersten umfassenden Studie zur Digitalisierung der Konformitätsbewertung in Deutschland zusammen. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf Daten einer Umfrage unter Konformitätsbewertungsstellen (KBS), die 2022 durchgeführt wurde. Sie beleuchten den digitalen Reifegrad der Organisationen, die Motive, Vorteile und Hindernisse der digitalen Transformation sowie die aktuellen Technologietrends. Die Studie zu KBS in Deutschland ist Teil eines globalen Projekts, das verschiedene andere Länder umfasst (siehe www.qi-fokus.de). KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Testing KW - Conformity assessment KW - Certification KW - Laboratory KW - Digital transformation KW - TIC KW - Conformity assessment body KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Corona KW - Digitalisierung KW - Kalibrierung KW - Konformitätsbewertung KW - Konformitätsbewertungsstelle KW - Labor KW - Prüfung KW - Qualitätsinfrastruktur KW - Zertifizierung KW - Digitale Transformation PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554885 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55488 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Spain - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Spain. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Spanish CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558465 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55846 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Brazil - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Brazil. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Brazilian CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556330 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Ireland - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Ireland. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Irish CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Testing KW - Laboratory KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Digital transformation KW - TIC KW - Conformity assessment body KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554877 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55487 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Singapore - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Singapore. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561363 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 47 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56136 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Latvia - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Latvia. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Latvian CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-554987 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 45 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in Italy - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in Italy. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. The study on Italian CABs is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Laboratory KW - Testing KW - Certification KW - Calibration KW - Digitalization KW - Digital transformation KW - COVID-19 KW - TIC PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-553708 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-55370 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Ashari, Parsa Asna A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Digitalization in conformity assessment in North Macedonia - A QI-FoKuS study T2 - Digitalization in conformity assessment worldwide N2 - This report summarizes findings from the first comprehensive study on digitalization in conformity assessment in North Macedonia. The reults are based on data from a survey among conformity assessment bodies (CABs) conducted in 2022. It highlights the digital maturity of the organizations, the motives, benefits and obstacles of digital transformation as well as the actual technology trends. This study is part of a global project that covers various other countries (see www.qi-fokus.de). KW - COVID-19 KW - Calibration KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Digital transformation KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Quality infrastructure KW - TIC KW - Testing PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565986 UR - https://www.qi-fokus.de SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-56598 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Towards Agile Standardization: Testbeds in Support of Standardization for the IIoT JF - IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management N2 - The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) poses multiple challenges to traditional standardization, due to the complexity, dynamics, and accelerating speed of technological progress. The need for a timely availability of standards calls for new approaches and tools to enhance standardization processes for smart manufacturing. Industry and standards development organizations worldwide are seeking new solutions. Testbeds have been acknowledged in innovation policy as a powerful tool for knowledge transfer and the further development of emerging technologies. Lately, they have also attracted increasing attention from the standardization perspective as a promising tool for a more agile standards development process. Proponents of such testbeds expect them to support standardization by providing validated solutions and accelerating the processes to meet the growing demands for faster standardization without any detriment to quality. In an explorative, qualitative approach this article is the first to investigate the operation and impact of testbeds in standardization processes based on a multiple case study on testbeds implemented worldwide in the context of the IIoT. KW - Testumgebung KW - Reallabor KW - Normung KW - Standards KW - Standardization KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Smart manufacturing KW - Industrial internet of things KW - Agility KW - Agile PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-513300 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.2979697 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 74 AN - OPUS4-51330 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Blind, K. ED - Jakobs, K. ED - Morone, P. T1 - Testbeds for standardization in the IIoT T2 - Proceedings 24rd EURAS Annual Standardization Conference - Standards for a Bio-based Economy N2 - In the paper, we discuss the role and impacts of testbeds in standardization for the industrial internet of things. Based on a multiple case study, four different approaches were identified followed in the testbeds with regard to their standardization activities. T2 - 24th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference CY - Rom, Italy DA - 13.06.2019 KW - IIoT KW - Industrie 4.0 KW - Normen KW - Standards KW - Normung KW - Standardization KW - Agile KW - Testbed PY - 2019 SN - 978-3-95886-282-1 SP - 215 EP - 234 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-49121 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Conformity Assessment: Insights from a Multinational Study T2 - Joint Proceedings EURAS 2021 - Standardisation and Innovation SIIT 2021 The Past, Present and Future of ICT Standardisation N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new and manifold challenges to organizations and their operations worldwide. Conformity assessment bodies (CABs), such as testing or medical laboratories, certification, and inspection bodies, are also affected by the associated disruptions. Their situation in this crisis is highly relevant, as CABs are essential pillars of the quality infrastructure: Their activities ensure that products and services meet requirements as defined in standards and regulations, thereby contributing to their safety and reliability. Considering the roles and functions of CABs in economy, health, and innovation, the question arises how CABs and their operations were affected by the pandemic and how they responded. To this end, we present the results of an international survey of 986 CABs of all types in Germany, the UK, Italy, and New Zealand. Overall, CABs reported on average a negative development of demand during the pandemic, facing restrictions in all countries. In addition, the pandemic had overall negative impact on the CABs’ investment and innovation activities. However, investments in digital infrastructure were increased as countermeasure, with CABs reporting an increased need for digitalization. Resources relevant to organizational resilience were available to different extents, affecting the speed of response to the challenges of the pandemic. The paper highlights and discusses results from in-depth analyses, which are relevant for policy makers and industry alike. T2 - 25th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference – Standardisation and Innovation CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 05.09.2021 KW - COVID-19 KW - Corona KW - Crisis KW - Digitalization KW - Laboratory KW - Pandemic KW - Quality infrastructure KW - Conformity assessment KW - Resilience PY - 2021 SN - 978-3-95886-421-4 SP - 379 EP - 398 PB - Verlag Mainz AN - OPUS4-53815 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Mirtsch, Mona A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Castka, P. T1 - Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on accredited conformity assessment bodies: insights from a multinational study JF - Accreditation and Quality Assurance N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic posed new and manifold challenges to organizations and their operations worldwide. Conformity assessment bodies (CABs), such as testing or medical laboratories, certification, and inspection bodies, were also affected by the associated disruptions. Their role in this crisis is highly relevant, as CABs are essential pillars of the quality infrastructure: their activities ensure that products and services meet requirements as defined in standards and regulations, thereby contributing to their safety and reliability. The question arises of how CABs and their operations were affected by the pandemic and how they responded. To this end, we present the results of an international survey of 986 CABs of all types in Germany, the UK, Italy, and New Zealand. Overall, CABs reported, on average, a reduction in demand for their services during the pandemic, facing restrictions in all countries. In addition, the pandemic had an overall negative impact on the CABs’ investment and innovation activities. However, investments in digital infrastructure were increased as a countermeasure, with CABs reporting a higher need for digitalization. The paper highlights and discusses results from in-depth analyses relevant to policymakers and industry alike. KW - Quality Infrastructure KW - Digitalization KW - Testing laboratories KW - Conformity assessment KW - Certification KW - Conformity assessment body KW - Corona KW - Covid-19 KW - Resilience PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556396 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-022-01514-x SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-55639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gottinger, A. A1 - Ladu, Luana A1 - Blind, K. T1 - Standardization in the context of science and regulation: An analysis of the Bioeconomy JF - Environmental Science and Policy N2 - Standards play a crucial role in the transition to more sustainable production and consumption models by promoting the development of new markets for innovative products. In the case of the bioeconomy, standards are particularly relevant to ensure the sustainability of products and processes. Hence, standards represent an essential strategic tool to foster sustainable development. Furthermore, the standard-setting process brings together different stakeholders, which encourages research and the transfer of knowledge to industrial practice. In particular, scientific publications assist the standardisation process by providing scientific evidence. This study investigates the role of science and regulation in the bioeconomy standardisation process. It first provides a general analysis of bioeconomy-related standards, followed by an analysis of the regulations and publications referenced in the standards. Our analysis discloses a strong use of scientific knowledge in the bioeconomy standardisation process and demonstrates the readiness to integrate novel academic findings into revised versions of the standards. In addition, it reveals that the interaction between science and regulation is an important driver for standardisation activities around the bioeconomy, needed to support sustainable transitions. KW - Bioeconomy KW - Standardisation KW - Knowledge Use KW - Socio-technical Transition PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-599899 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.06.013 VL - 147 SP - 188 EP - 200 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-59989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Krüger, M. A1 - Kinne, J. A1 - Mirtsch, Mona ED - Jacobs, K. T1 - Organisation Innovation in the Digital Layer: Exploring the Adoption of the Management System Standard ISO/IEC 27001 T2 - Joint Proceedings EURAS 2021 - Standardisation and Innovation SIIT 2021 The Past, Present and Future of ICT Standardisation N2 - Despite the increasing relevance of cybersecurity for companies’ performance, there is limited research on the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001, an international information security management standard. The aim of our study is to expand this limited body of literature. First, we analyse the influence of companies’ networks on the adoption of ISO/IEC 27001 as an organisational innovation based on firm website data and their hyperlinks, using the entire population of ISO/IEC 27001 certified firms identified via web mining. Second, we validate the method of constructing and analysing companies’ “digital layer” following the call for new methodological approaches to study the organisational adoption of innovations. Our findings reveal that companies' decision to adopt ISO/IEC 27001 increases significantly with their number of linkages to other companies and to those having the same certificate. Finally, their cognitive and organisational distances to linked partners have the expected inverted u-shaped influence on their own adoption decision. T2 - 11th International Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT 2021) CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 06.09.2021 KW - Information Security KW - Hyperlinks KW - Management system standard KW - Digital Layer PY - 2021 SN - 978-3-95886-421-4 SP - 95 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz GmbH Aachen CY - Mainz AN - OPUS4-54411 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Weiss, D. A1 - Blind, K. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - Fuel-cell Vehicles in Relation to Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles – An Analysis of Technology Relations based on Publications, Patents, Standards T2 - Joint Proceedings EURAS & SIIT 2023 - (Responsible) Standardisation for Smart Systems N2 - Against the backdrop of the sustainability transition of economies worldwide, decarbonizing road traffic is high on the agenda. This has focused the interest of policymakers and automobile manufacturers on sustainable, zero-emission powertrain technologies. Among these technologies, hydrogen fuel cell (FC) vehicles have a positive climate impact, given that their hydrogen is produced from renewable energy. However, FC vehicles have not yet gained significant market shares. Therefore, based on the technological innovation systems (TIS) approach, this study analyzes how FC vehicles are influenced by EVs and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles as their context structures. To operationalize the technology relations between our focal FC-TIS and its context structures, we use the sum of international publications, patents filed at the European Patent Office, and international ISO and IEC standards as indicators for each technology. Our results show that the FC-TIS is dominated by its context structures, especially regarding commercially relevant patents and international standards. Therefore, we conclude that the FC-TIS is in its formative life-cycle phase and identify the need for intensified patenting and standardization in relation to the competing EVs and ICE vehicles. T2 - 27th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference & 12th International Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT) - (Responsible) Standardisation for Smart Systems CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 28.06.2023 KW - Fuel cell vehicles KW - Patents KW - Publications KW - Standards KW - Technological innovation system (TIS) KW - Technology interaction PY - 2023 SN - 978-3-95886-491-7 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Verlagshaus Mainz CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-57870 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. A1 - Koch, Claudia T1 - Knowledge and technology transfer via publications, patents, standards: Exploring the hydrogen technological innovation system JF - Technological Forecasting and Social Change N2 - Clean technologies play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting the climate. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and fuel that can be used in many applications. We explore the global hydrogen technological innovation system (TIS) by analyzing the three knowledge and technology transfer channels of publications, patents, and standards. Since the adoption of hydrogen technologies requires trust in their safety,this study specifically also focuses on hydrogen safety. Our results show that general and hydrogen safety research has increased significantly while patenting experienced stagnation. An analysis of the non-patent literature in safety patents shows little recognition of scientific publications. Similarly, publications are underrepresented in the analyzed 75 international hydrogen and fuel cell standards. This limited transfer of knowledge from published research to standards points to the necessity for greater involvement of researchers in standardization. We further derive implications for the hydrogen TIS and recommendations for a better and more impactful alignment of the three transfer channels. KW - Technological innovation system KW - Hydrogen safety KW - Knowledge and technology transfer KW - Publications KW - Patents KW - Standards PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-564250 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122201 SN - 0040-1625 VL - 187 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-56425 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. ED - Jakobs, K. ED - Kim, D.-h. T1 - The Impact of Publications, Patents, and Standards on International Trade - The Case of Hydrogen T2 - EURAS Proceedings 2022 - Standardisation and Open Source N2 - Hydrogen as a clean energy carrier has received increased attention due to climate change and the need to introduce new, low-emissions technologies to the market. However, the drivers of increased hydrogen use have been barely explored. Therefore, this research paper investigates the impacts of publications, patents, and standards on international hydrogen trade, an established technology diffusion channel. In a fixed-effects (FE) regression model covering 37 countries between 1995 and 2020, we demonstrate that publications, patents, and standards are associated with increased levels of hydrogen exports and imports. Furthermore, we test the technology gap theory and explore the meaning of our empirical results for the hydrogen technological innovation system (TIS). Among others, we show that publications, patents, and standards can contribute to a more developed hydrogen TIS. T2 - 26th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference – Standards for Digital Transformation: Blockchain and Innovation CY - Glasgow, Great Britain DA - 08.06.2022 KW - Hydrogen Trade KW - Publications KW - Patents KW - Standards KW - Technological Innovation System KW - Technology Gap Theory PY - 2022 SN - 978-3-95886-446-7 SP - 25 EP - 44 PB - Verlag Mainz CY - Mainz AN - OPUS4-55061 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Asna Ashari, Parsa A1 - Blind, K. ED - Jakobs, K. T1 - An Analysis of the Three Knowledge and Technology Transfer Channels: Publications, Patents, Standards – The Case of Hydrogen Technology T2 - Joint Proceedings EURAS 2021 - Standardisation and Innovation SIIT 2021 The Past, Present and Future of ICT Standardisation N2 - Climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions pose tremendous challenges to policymakers, the economy, and society. In this context, the development of clean, low-emission technologies plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative impact of fossil fuels on the climate. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and fuel that, thanks to its versatility, can be used in many applications. However, the adoption of hydrogen technology requires sufficient trust in its safety. To proxy the development of hydrogen safety innovations, we provide an analysis along the three knowledge and technology transfer channels of publications, patents, and standards. Our results show that research on hydrogen safety has increased significantly in the last decades, with hydrogen safety patents experiencing a general upward trend between 1980 and 2020, just recently decreasing. However, an analysis of almost 100 international hydrogen and fuel cell standards shows only a small number of references to scientific publications. This apparently limited transfer of knowledge from publications points to the need to optimize the coordination of the three knowledge and technology transfer channels for the future development of hydrogen technology. Based on the exploration of this gap, we recommend that research on the three channels for hydrogen be intensified and that the impact of hydrogen safety technology research and development on their diffusion be investigated. T2 - 25th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference – Standardisation and Innovation CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 05.09.2021 KW - Hydrogen KW - Fuel Cells KW - Knowledge and Technology Transfer KW - Publications KW - Patents KW - Standards KW - Safety PY - 2021 SN - 978-3-95886-421-4 SP - 1 EP - 20 CY - Mainz AN - OPUS4-53912 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -