TY - CHAP A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Pritzkow, Wolfgang ED - Vanhaecke, F. ED - Degryse, P. T1 - Reference materials in isotopic analysis KW - ICPMS KW - IRM KW - Reference materials KW - Delta reference materials PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-527-32896-3 IS - Chapter 6 SP - 139 EP - 163 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-26102 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Irrgeher, J. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Santner, J. A1 - Prohaska, T. ED - Prohaska, T. ED - Irrgeher, J. ED - Zitek, A. ED - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Measurement strategies N2 - Designing an appropriate measurement strategy for a particular analytical question is not always obvious, since a number of factors have to be considered, whereby some of them might be difficult to define. A set of key questions generally precede the experimental design in analytical measurements and help to choose the measurement strategy, which is fit for the intended use – in the particular case of the content of this book – either for quantification, elemental ratio or isotope ratio analyses, accordingly. PY - 2015 SN - 978-1-84973-392-2 SN - 978-1-84973-540-7 SN - 2044-253X N1 - Serientitel: New developments in mass spectrometry – Series title: New developments in mass spectrometry VL - 3 SP - Chapter 8, 126 EP - 151 CY - Cambridge, UK AN - OPUS4-32555 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bürger, S. A1 - Vogl, Jochen A1 - Kloetzli, U. A1 - Nunes, L. A1 - Lavelle, M. ED - Prohaska, T. ED - Irrgeher, J. ED - Zitek, A. ED - Jakubowski, Norbert T1 - Thermal ionisation mass spectrometry N2 - Thermal ionisation, also known as surface ionisation, was one of the first ionisation techniques developed for mass spectrometry, having been invented as early as 1918. The ionization process, described by the empirically derived “fractionation laws”, is widely understood. Isotope ratio measurements can be achieved with high precision and accuracy. Due to this, thermal ionisation has paved the way for great scientific achievements including: the discovery of new isotopes, the determination of radioactive half-lives and atomic weights of the elements, the accurate determination of the age of the earth and investigations on human society in the past such as mobility and trade. TIMS is still regarded as ‘golden standard’ in isotope ratio measurements. Thus the method is a reference technique that remains at the forefront of isotopic analysis particularly in the fields of metrology. A concise overview is given here of the technical background of thermal ionisation as well as the numerous applications of this technique in earth sciences, industry, metrology, and nuclear forensics. PY - 2015 SN - 978-1-84973-392-2 SN - 978-1-84973-540-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849735407-00381 SN - 2044-253X N1 - Serientitel: New developments in mass spectrometry – Series title: New developments in mass spectrometry VL - 3 SP - Chapter 14, 381 EP - 438 CY - Cambridge, UK AN - OPUS4-32557 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -