TY - JOUR A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Keserovic, Amela A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth T1 - Materials evaluation for geothermal applications N2 - In order to provide basic information on corrosion resistance to the designers and users of geothermal plants different metallic materials including duplex and austenitic stainless steels as well as a nickel alloy have been evaluated in artificial geothermal fluids simulating the conditions in some locations with geothermal potential in Germany as well as two sites in Indonesia. By electrochemical and long-term exposure tests at 100 °C and 150 °C the suitability of low alloyed steel UNS G41300, stainless steels UNS S31603 UNS S31803, UNS S32760, super austenitic steel UNS N08031 and nickel based alloy UNS N06059 was investigated in these geothermal fluids, using critical potentials and corrosion rates. In high-saline environments the crevice corrosion turned out to be the determining mechanism. The nickel based alloy shows excellent corrosion resistance against pitting corrosion. Excluding its high cost, it is very good to be used in the construction of geothermal facilities having highly saline brines. Stainless and duplex steels exhibit a limited corrosion resistance concerning pitting and crevice corrosion. Therefore they are not suitable for highly saline brines. The super austenite UNS N08031 showed a temperature depending behavior. In non-saline environments the low-alloyed steel UNS G41300 (beside of the higher alloyed materials) could be employed as a constructional material for the geothermal power plant, as long as a sufficient wall thickness of the material is considered. KW - Geothermal KW - Corrosion KW - Crevice corrosion KW - Suitability PY - 2015 UR - http://www.jurnalteknologi.utm.my/index.php/jurnalteknologi/article/view/5164 SN - 2180-3722 VL - 75 IS - 7 SP - 7 EP - 14 PB - Penerbit UTM Press CY - Johor Bahru AN - OPUS4-34747 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobetzki, Joana T1 - Corrosion properties of high-alloyed materials in the artificial geothermal fluid of the Upper Rhine Rift T2 - Eurocorr 2012 CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 2012-09-09 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26549 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobetzki, Joana T1 - Corrosion behavior and limitations of duplex steel 1.4462 in artificial fluids of different geothermal wells in Germany T2 - Eurocorr 2013 CY - Estoril, Portugal DA - 2013-09-01 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29373 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Bäßler, Ralph T1 - Corrosion behavior and limitations of duplex steel 1.4462 in artificial fluids of different geothermal wells in Germany N2 - Within the last years the use of geothermal energy as feasible energy source has risen and is going to replace fossil fuel supply more and more. Nevertheless, Service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the Chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Since the construction of geothermal power plants shall be economical with maximum life Service, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable Operation ofthose facilities. The materials selection depends on the location of a power plant respectively on the Chemical composition of the produced aquifer fluid. The duplex Steel is often used as allround solution not only for the construction of geothermal power plants, because of its combination of good mechanical and corrosion properties and its lower costs compared to other highly alloyed materials. But there are limits for the use of the duplex-steel 1.4462 regarding its corrosion behavior, with which this contribution deals. The limitations of suitability of duplex steel 1.4462 in the geothermal fluids of Molasse Basin and Upper Rhine Graben obtained by means of electrochemical measurements and exposure tests are presented below. While 1.4462 in the artificial Molasse Basin Fluid shows an excellent corrosion resistance against pitting and uniform corrosion it presents low corrosion resistance in the artificial Upper Rhine Graben Fluid due to the difference in salinity. Besides it shows a limited corrosion resistance concerning crevice corrosion. T2 - EUROCORR 2013 - The European corrosion congress CY - Estoril, Portugal DA - 01.09.2013 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Duplex steel KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2013 SN - 978-989-8601-31-5 SP - 1 (Paper 1243) AN - OPUS4-29477 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Keserovic, Amela A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth T1 - Materials evaluation for geothermal applications N2 - The corrosion behavior of different high-alloyed metals including duplex and austenitic stainless steels as well as a nickel alloy have been evaluated in artificial geothermal fluids simulating the conditions in some locations with geothermal potential in Germany as well as two sites in Indonesia. The suitability of low alloyed steel UNS G41300, stainless steels UNS S31603 UNS S31803, UNS S32760 and super austenitic steel UNS N08031 in these geothermal fluids, investigated by electrochemical measurements and exposure tests, is limited. The nickel based alloy UNS N06059 shows excellent corrosion resistance against pitting corrosion. Excluding its high cost, it is a very good alternative to be used in the construction of geothermal facilities having highly saline brines. Stainless and duplex steels exhibit a limited corrosion resistance concerning pitting and crevice corrosion. Beside of the higher alloyed materials, also the low-alloyed steel UNS G41300 could be employed as a constructional material for the geothermal power plant in non-saline environments, as long as the wall thickness of the material vs. corrosion rate is taken into account. T2 - ISCMD 2014 - International symposium on corrosion & materials degradation 2014 / IMTCE 2014 - 9th International materials technology conference & exhibition CY - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia DA - 13.05.2014 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Ni-based alloy KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2014 SP - Paper 10, 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-30775 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Keserovic, Amela A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth A1 - Dimper, Matthias T1 - Laboratory evaluation of metallic materials for geothermal applications N2 - In the last years, geothermal power has become a reliable and significant energy source. Because service conditions in geothermal facilities from deeply located aquifers are usually critical in terms of corrosion, materials selection is a very important issue. Preliminary evaluation of the material's suitability represents therefore a valuable strategy to ensure a secure and reliable operation of the facilities. In geothermal applications, the use of high-alloyed materials such as superaustenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, and nickel-based alloys has been considered as a good alternative because of their remarkable corrosion resistance and appropriate mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the corrosion behavior of those metallic materials in geothermal fluids at service conditions has not been determined in many cases. In this work, laboratory tests including electrochemical investigations and exposure tests at 100 degrees C and 150 degrees C (1,500 kPa) showed the limits of suitability concerning localized corrosion of three different, corrosion-resistant alloys in the highly saline fluid of the North German Basin. T2 - EPRI International Conference on Corrosion in Power Plants CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 12.10.2015 KW - Geothermal KW - Corrosion KW - Crevice corrosion KW - Suitability PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3676631 SP - paper 6 AN - OPUS4-34754 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobetzki, Joana T1 - Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of High Alloyed Materials for Geothermal Applications under Simulated Working Conditions T2 - 2nd International Conference on Materials for Energy CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 2013-05-12 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29367 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth T1 - Corrosion resistance of high-alloyed materials in artificial geothermal fluids N2 - The corrosion behavior of different high-alloyed metals including duplex and austenitic stainless Steels as well as a nickel alloy have been evaluated in artificial geothermal fluids simulating the conditions in the Upper Rhine Graben and the Northern German Basin, some locations with geothermal potential in Germany. The suitability of UNSS31803, UNS S32760 and super austenitic Steel UNS N08031 in These geothermal fluids obtained by electrochemical measurements and exposure tests is limited. The nickel alloy UNS N06059 shows an excellent corrosion resistance against pitting corrosion. Excluding its high cost, it is a very good alternative to be used in the construction of geothermal facilities having highly saline brines. Stainless and duplex steels exhibit a limited corrosion resistance concerning pitting and crevice corrosion. T2 - NACE International Corrosion Conference 2013 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 17.03.2013 KW - Steel KW - Geothermal KW - Brine KW - Salt solution PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-627-48145-8 SP - 1 EP - 8 (Paper 2327) PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY AN - OPUS4-29402 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Sarmiento Klapper, Helmuth T1 - Korrosionsbeständigkeit von höherlegierten Werkstoffen in tiefen Aquiferfluiden N2 - Erdwärme ist generell gesehen eine langfristig nutzbare Energiequelle zur Stromerzeugung und zählt zu den regenerativen Energien. Ein wesentlicher Punkt für den sicheren und zuverlässigen Betrieb von Geothermieanlagen liegt, aufgrund der extremen Betriebsbedingungen, bei der Werkstoffauswahl für den Aufbau der bohr- und verfahrenstechnischen Einrichtungen. Hier wiederum spielt die vorläufige Werkstoffqualifizierung eine entscheidende Rolle. In diesem Beitrag werden die, anhand von elektrochemischen Untersuchungen und klassischen Auslagerungsversuchen im Labor ermittelten, Einsatzgrenzen von hochlegierten Werkstoffen für geothermische Tiefbohrungen zur Förderung von Aquiferfluiden im Bereich des Norddeutschen Beckens und des Oberrheingrabens dargestellt. T2 - 3-Länder-Korrosionstagung - Korrosionsschutztechnische Herausforderungen der Energiewende - anwendungs- und werkstofftechnische Fragestellungen CY - Frankfurt, Germany DA - 25.04.2013 KW - Hochlegierter Stahl KW - Ni-Legierung KW - Geothermie KW - Örtliche Korrosion KW - Klassische Auslagerung KW - Elektrochemie PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-935406-50-5 SP - 23 EP - 31 AN - OPUS4-29404 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Boduch, Alicja A1 - Sobetzki, Joana T1 - Corrosion resistance of high-alloyed materials in flowing artificial geothermal water N2 - Since geothermal wells are a feasible energy source to replace fossil fuel supply, many technologies have been developed to take advantage of geothermal energy. Nevertheless, service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the chemical composition of hydrothermal waters and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Therefore, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable operation of the facilities. This contribution deals with the evaluation of the corrosion behavior of different steels in flowing low saline, slightly alkaline, artificial geothermal water simulating the conditions in the Molasse-Basin, a location with geothermal potential in Germany. Test results for steels UNS S31603 and UNS S31803 exposed to this geothermal water obtained by electrochemical measurements and exposure tests are presented. Results obtained in static and flowing water condition show good performance of both alloys with a possible onset of localized corrosion at UNS S31603 in static conditions. T2 - Corrosion 2014 CY - San Antonio, TX, USA DA - 09.03.2014 KW - Localized corrosion KW - Steel KW - Duplex steel KW - Flow KW - Sulfide KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2014 SP - Paper 3825, 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-30631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobetzki, Joana T1 - Bewertung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von hochlegierten Werkstoffen in einem künstlichen Geothermiefluid unter Betriebsbedingungen T2 - GeoEn - Workshop: Korrosion - Herausforderung dür Energieerzeuger und Geothermie CY - Cottbus, Germany DA - 2012-06-05 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-32221 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sobetzki, Joana A1 - Bäßler, Ralph A1 - Boduch, Alicja T1 - The effects of sulfide and flow rate on corrosion behavior of duplex steel 1.4462 in the artificial molasse basin fluid N2 - Within the last years the use of geothermal energy as feasible energy source has risen and is going to replace fossil fuel supply more and more. Nevertheless, Service conditions in geothermal facilities are due to the Chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids and temperatures, in many cases, extreme in terms of corrosion. Since the construction of geothermal power plants shall be economical with maximum life Service, materials selection based on preliminary material qualification is essential to guarantee a secure and reliable Operation of those facilities. T2 - EUROCORR 2014 - European corrosion congress CY - Pisa, Italy DA - 08.09.2014 KW - Locallized corrosion KW - Duplex steel KW - Geothermal energy PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-89746-159-8 SP - 1 AN - OPUS4-32744 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -