TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Samadurau, Uladzimir A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Podoliako, Serguei T1 - McRay - A Monte Carlo Model Coupled to CAD for Radiation Techniques T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - Monte Carlo Verfahren KW - CAD KW - Radiographie PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 8(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-13796 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Samadurau, Uladzimir T1 - Are Monte Carlo models applicable to radiological techniques? T2 - National Seminar on NDE of the Indian Society for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Kolkata, India DA - 2005-12-02 KW - Radiation techniques KW - Scattered radiation KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - CAD PY - 2005 SP - 11 pages PB - Indian Society for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Kalkutta AN - OPUS4-11835 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Simulation for high energy radiography and reliability assessment T2 - National Seminar on NDE of the Indian Society for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Kolkata, India DA - 2005-12-02 KW - Radiation techniques KW - Simulation KW - High-energy radiography KW - CAD PY - 2005 SP - 14 pages PB - Indian Society for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Kalkutta AN - OPUS4-11834 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Samadurau, Uladzimir A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Podoliako, Serguei T1 - Monte Carlo radiographic model with CAD-based geometry description KW - Monte Carlo Verfahren KW - CAD KW - Radiographie PY - 2006 SN - 0007-1137 VL - 48 IS - 10 SP - 618 EP - 623 PB - British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing CY - Northampton AN - OPUS4-13795 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Reliability assessment by simulation for high energy radiography T2 - Review of Progress of Quantitative Non Destructive Evaluation - QNDE 2006 CY - Portland, OR, USA DA - 2006-07-31 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-12500 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - McRay - A Monte Carlo model coupled to CAD for radiation techniques T2 - ECNDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13980 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - aRTist - analytical RT inspection simulation tool T2 - 45th Annual British Conference on NDT CY - Stratford-upon-Avon, England DA - 2006-09-12 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - aRTist - radiographic simulation for industrial application T2 - 6th International Exhibition and Conference for Non-Destructive Testing and Technical Diagnostics CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2007-05-15 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Ewert, Uwe ED - Thompson, D. O. T1 - Reliability assessment by simulation for high energy radiography T2 - 33th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Portland, OR, USA DA - 2006-07-30 KW - Simulation KW - Radiography KW - CAD KW - Probability of Detection PY - 2007 SN - 978-0-7354-0399-4 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings IS - 894 SP - 1831 EP - 1838 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-15696 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - Analytische Modellierung für die Radiologie mit ARTIST - analytical RT inspection simulation tool T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2007 CY - Fürth, Deutschland DA - 2007-05-14 KW - Radiographie KW - Computer-Simulation PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-931381-98-1 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-15998 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - Modellierung digitaler radiographischer Techniken im Rahmen des FilmFree Projektes T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2007 CY - Fürth, Deutschland DA - 2007-05-14 KW - Radiographie KW - Computer-Simulation PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-931381-98-1 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-15997 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - Modellierung digitaler radiographischer Techniken im Rahmen des FilmFree Projektes T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2007 CY - Fürth, Germany DA - 2007-05-14 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-15474 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Modelling for film replacement T2 - International Workshop on Imaging NDE CY - Kalpakkam, India DA - 2007-04-25 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Zscherpel, Uwe A1 - Jechow, Mirko T1 - Fehlergrößenabhängige Kontrastreduktion und zusätzliche Unschärfe durch Streustrahlung - Film und digitale Detektoren im Vergleich N2 - Die radiografische Bildqualität in ihrer klassischen Definition hängt von Kontrast, Rauschen und Unschärfe ab. Diese Parameter werden normalerweise mit Bildgüteprüfkörpern (BPK) bestimmt. Die Streustrahlung reduziert im Allgemeinen immer die Bildqualität in der Radiografie. Verschiedene Einflussgrößen werden unter Berücksichtigung von Techniken, wie Film-Radiografie, Computer-Radiografie mit Speicherfolien und digitale Radiographie mit Matrixdetektoren, analysiert. In Lehrbüchern und Standards werden das Streuverhältnis k und verschiedene Kontraste definiert. Für digitale Medien werden zusätzliche Parameter wie das Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis SNR und das Kontrast-Rausch-Verhältnis CNR eingeführt. In diesem Zusammenhang wird der Einfluss der Streustrahlung aus dem Messobjekt und dem Detektor bestehend aus Kassette bzw. Gehäuse und sensitiver Detektorschicht auf die Bildqualität ermittelt. Die numerische Modellierung wird eingesetzt, um die Streustrahlung und die Primärstrahlung aus dem Objekt separat zu bestimmen. Die Streustrahlung aus dem Objekt und Detektor erzeugen eine Abbildung des Objektes, die dem Primärstrahlungsbild überlagert ist, wobei das Streubild eine höhere Unschärfe aufweist. Dieser Effekt hängt von der Fehlergröße, dem Abstand zwischen Detektor und Objekt und der Zwischenfilterung ab. KW - Digitale Radiologie KW - Kontrast-Rausch-Verhältnis KW - Streuverhältnis KW - Röntgen Simulation PY - 2008 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 50 IS - 10 SP - 560 EP - 568 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-18346 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - aRTist - Analytical RT Inspection Simulation Tool for Industrial Application T2 - 17th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - Shanghai, China DA - 2008-10-25 KW - Computer Simulation KW - Radiography KW - Computed Tomography KW - Ray Tracing PY - 2008 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - International Committee for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Shanghai AN - OPUS4-18584 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - aRTist - Analytical RT Inspection Simulation Tool T2 - DIR 2007 - International Symposium on Digital industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography CY - Lyon, France DA - 2007-06-25 KW - Computer Simulation KW - Radiography KW - Computed Tomography KW - Ray Tracing PY - 2007 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dir2007/papers/s1.pdf SP - 1 EP - 5 CY - Lyon, France AN - OPUS4-16086 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Simulation of X-ray spectra T2 - NDT 2008 - 33th Annual Conference of the British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing CY - Cheshire, England DA - 2008-09-16 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17970 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Optimization of X-Ray sources by modeling T2 - The 10th European conference on NDT and technical diagnostics CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-06-07 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-19801 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Analytical radiographic simulation for industrial application T2 - Conference "NDT in Industry and Medicine" CY - Kiev, Ukraine DA - 2008-04-21 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17372 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Tabary, J. A1 - Duvauchelle, P. ED - Thompson, D. O. ED - Chimenti, D. E. T1 - A proposed benchmark problem for scatter calculations in radiographic modelling T2 - 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Chicago, IL, USA DA - 2008-07-20 KW - Radiography KW - Justifications or modifications of Monte Carlo methods KW - Emission KW - Absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation KW - X-ray scattering KW - Radiographie KW - Simulation KW - Benchmark KW - Monte Carlo Verfahren KW - Streustrahlung PY - 2009 SN - 978-0-7354-0629-2 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings IS - 1096 SP - 1930 EP - 1937 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-20134 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Monte Carlo Simulating the electron emission from surfaces of objects being under radiation T2 - The 10th European conference on NDT and technical diagnostics CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-06-07 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-19804 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Tabary, J. A1 - Duvauchelle, P. ED - Thompson, D.O. ED - Chimenti, D.E. T1 - Radiographic benchmark problem 2009 - scatter calculations in modelling T2 - 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Kingston, RI, USA DA - 2009-07-26 KW - Radiography KW - Justifications or modifications of Monte Carlo methods KW - Emission KW - Absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation KW - X-ray scattering KW - Simulation KW - Röntgenspektrum Benchmark KW - Monte Carlo Modell PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-7354-0748-0 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1211 SP - 2117 EP - 2124 CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-21137 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Skachkov, M. A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten ED - Thompson, D.O. ED - Chimenti, D.E. T1 - Simulation of electron transport T2 - 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Kingston, RI, USA DA - 2009-07-26 KW - Electron transport KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Stopping power KW - Simulation KW - Elektronentransport PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-7354-0748-0 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1211 SP - 572 EP - 578 CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-21134 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Warrikhoff, A. ED - Thompson, D.O. ED - Chimenti, D.E. T1 - Simulation and experimental verification of X-ray spectra T2 - 36th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Kingston, RI, USA DA - 2009-07-26 KW - X-ray KW - Spectrum KW - Simulation KW - Röntgenspektrum KW - Dekonvolution PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-7354-0748-0 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1211 SP - 535 EP - 540 CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-21136 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Skachkov, M. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Deresch, Andreas T1 - Monte Carlo simulating the electron emission from surfaces of objects being under radiation T2 - 10th European conference on non-destructive testing CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-06-07 KW - Simulation KW - Elektronentransport PY - 2010 IS - Paper 4.02.18 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-22764 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Warrikhoff, A. T1 - Optimization of X-ray sources by modeling T2 - 10th European conference on non-destructive testing CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-06-07 KW - Simulation KW - Elektronentransport KW - Röntgenquellen PY - 2010 IS - Paper 4.02.18 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-22766 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Simulation supported reliability analysis in radiography T2 - 10th European conference on non-destructive testing CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-06-07 KW - Simulation KW - Zuverlässigkeit KW - POD PY - 2010 IS - Paper 4.02.18 SP - 1 EP - 13 AN - OPUS4-22767 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Scatter Ratio at High Energies - Simulation and Experiments T2 - BINDT - NDT 2010 CY - Cardiff, Wales DA - 2010-09-14 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22787 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Przybilla, Waldemar ED - Thompson, D.O. ED - Chimenti, D.E. T1 - Measurement and modeling of scatter ratios at high energies N2 - Determining scatter ratios at high energies (> ~ 1MeV) presents challenges not immediately obvious from measurements at conventional X-ray energies. This includes reduced attenuation even in heavy elements as well as a stronger forward bias of scattering. In order to check the reliability of different measurement setups with regard to material thicknesses, distances, and collimation, attenuation and scattering were separately simulated using a Monte Carlo model. The simulation results help in understanding the sources of radiation scattered into the detection area, thereby aiding in eliminating undesired contributions. T2 - 37th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 18.07.2010 KW - Radiography KW - Optimisation KW - X-ray detection KW - Simulation KW - High energy KW - Co-60 KW - Modeling KW - Scatter PY - 2011 SN - 978-0-7354-0888-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3591895 SN - 0743-0760 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings IS - 1335 SP - 517 EP - 524 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-25358 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Measurement and modeling of scatter ratios at high energies T2 - QNDE 2010 CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 2010-07-18 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-25383 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Radiographic simulator aRTist: version 2 N2 - Computer simulation of radiography can be used for different purposes in NDT, such as qualification of NDT systems, optimization of radiographic parameters, feasibility analysis, model-based data interpretation, and training of NDT/NDE personnel. BAM has been working on modeling in the field of radiographic testing for many years. With the gathered theoretical background and the familiarity with practical requirements of industrial application the simulation software aRTist has been developed. This analytical simulator includes a description of the radiation source, the interaction of radiation with test pieces and flaws, and the detection process with special focus on film and digital industrial radiology. It features high processing speed with nearinteractive frame rates and a high level of realism. Here we focus on the recent developments of the simulator, notably the release of aRTist version 2. Extended functionality regarding automated virtual computed tomography now allows for arbitrary scan paths. Another program extension supports reliability investigations and provides a user interface for planning automatic simulations with varying parameters and defects. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 16.04.2012 KW - X-ray imaging KW - Radiographic testing KW - Simulation KW - Computed tomography PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 7 (Paper 333) AN - OPUS4-27398 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Warrikhoff, A. T1 - Simulating X-ray spectra: from tube parameters to detector output N2 - A model is discussed which describes the generation of X-rays in conventional tubes using tabulated bremsstrahlung energy spectra depending on three variables: the target atomic number, the incident electron kinetic energy, and the fraction of energy radiated. Additionally a parameter-free description of the characteristic radiation is included. The constructed model includes technical tube parameters like kilovoltage, target material, and angles of electron incidence and photon emission to also account for self-absorption in the target, as well as radiographic parameters like filtering. In order to verify model results, detector response is also considered. The validity of the proposed model is shown by measurements. Future work includes the extension of the model to transmission targets. This research was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology under contract MNPQ transfer II D 5-30/06. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 2012-04-16 KW - X-ray KW - Spectrum KW - Simulation PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 8 (Paper 336) AN - OPUS4-27399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Baron, H.-U. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Reliability investigations of radiographic testing using aRTist as a simulation tool N2 - Within the framework of the European project PICASSO, the radiographic simulator aRTist (analytical Radiographic Testing inspection simulation tool) developed by BAM has been extended for reliability assessment of film and digital radiography. A simulation supported probability of detection (POD) methodology has been developed and the validity of the approach has been studied using an application from the aeronautics industry. An experimental POD has been determined with the help of a specialized software tool, developed to aid with the collection of large series of POD data. The resulting POD is compared to simulations of the same setting using aRTist and the newly available module for simulation supported POD. A quantitative agreement within a few percent is achieved between the experimental and the simulation supported POD. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 2012-04-16 KW - X-ray imaging KW - Probability of detection KW - Simulation PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 10 (Paper 338) AN - OPUS4-27400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Guerin, P. ED - Chimenti, D.E. ED - Bond, L.J. ED - Thompson, D.O. T1 - A proposed benchmark for simulation in radiographic testing N2 - The purpose of this benchmark study is to compare simulation results predicted by various models of radiographic testing, in particular those that are capable of separately predicting primary and scatter radiation for specimens of arbitrary geometry. T2 - 40th Annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation CY - Baltimore, Maryland, USA DA - 21.07.2013 KW - Benchmark KW - Simulation KW - Radiographic testing PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-7354-1212-5 SN - 978-0-7354-1211-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4865082 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1581 SP - 2101 EP - 2106 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-30756 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger ED - Chimenti, D.E. ED - Bond, L.J. ED - Thompson, D.O. T1 - A benchmark concept for simulation in radiographic testing N2 - The new standard ISO 17636–2:2013 'NDT of welds: Radiographic testing - Part 2: X- and gamma ray techniques with digital detectors' describes a complex procedure for film replacement by phosphor imaging plates and digital detector arrays. RT modeling software should consider these detector types, X-ray film, and the standard requirements for image quality. Practitioners expect the same visibility of image quality indicators (IQI) in the simulated radiographs as in the experimental exposures. The proposed benchmark test is based on the comparison of experimental radiographs taken at BAM with modeled ones of participants. The experimental setup and the determination of the equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) as described in the procedure of ASTM E 746 are used for quantitative evaluation of the achievable contrast sensitivity for step hole IQIs as considered in Annex B of ISO 17636-2. System classification data for Computed Radiography (CR) and film systems will be provided by BAM according to ISO 11699–1 for selected film systems and according to ASTM E 2446 for selected CR systems. The classification of films and digital detectors is based on the measurement of the dose response function, the basic spatial resolution (SRb) of the image, and the measured image noise, which depends on the detector efficiency, the quantum statistics, and the detector fixed pattern noise. T2 - 40th Annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation CY - Baltimore, Maryland, USA DA - 21.07.2013 KW - Digital radiography KW - Computed radiography KW - Benchmark KW - EPS KW - Modeling KW - Simulation KW - Contrast to noise ratio KW - Observer model PY - 2014 SN - 978-0-7354-1212-5 SN - 978-0-7354-1211-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4865044 SN - 0094-243X N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 33A SP - 1816 EP - 1823 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-30904 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Lucet-Sanchez, F. A1 - Guerin, P. ED - Chimenti, D.E. ED - Bond, L.J. T1 - Radiography benchmark 2014 N2 - The purpose of the 2014 WFNDEC RT benchmark study was to compare predictions of various models of radiographic techniques, in particular those that predict the contribution of scattered radiation. All calculations were carried out for homogenous materials and a mono-energetic X-ray point source in the energy range between 100 keV and 10 MeV. The calculations were to include the best physics approach available considering electron binding effects. Secondary effects like X-ray fluorescence and bremsstrahlung production were to be taken into account if possible. The problem to be considered had two parts. Part I examined the spectrum and the spatial distribution of radiation behind a single iron plate. Part II considered two equally sized plates, made of iron and aluminum respectively, only evaluating the spatial distribution. Here we present the results of above benchmark study, comparing them to MCNP as the assumed reference model. The possible origins of the observed deviations are discussed. T2 - 41st Annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation CY - Boise, Idaho, USA DA - 20.07.2014 KW - Radiography KW - Spectrum KW - Modeling KW - Validation PY - 2015 SN - 978-0-7354-1292-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914809 N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1650 SP - 1834 EP - 1846 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-33083 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Ewert, Uwe ED - Chimenti, D.E. ED - Bond, L.J. T1 - Fast model of electron transport for radiographic spectrum simulation N2 - Correctly modeling the continuous photon spectrum of X-ray tubes requires detailed knowledge of the probability distribution of electron properties at the time of X-ray photon creation, in particular electron energy, depth within the target, and direction of movement. Semi-analytical X-ray spectrum models frequently assume a very simplified or even uniform distribution of electron direction. In the case of thick targets and small deviations from normal incidence this is a useful approximation. For thin targets or large deviations from normal incidence the correct distribution of electron directions becomes more important. As calculation speed is an important aspect of semi-analytical models compared to Monte Carlo simulations, fast evaluation of the distribution of electron properties is highly desirable. The approach presented here numerically evaluates the evolution of a discrete probability distribution of electron properties due to single electron scatter interactions within a plane target. This allows capturing the important aspects of the electron distribution while achieving runtimes of a few seconds up to a minute on a standard office PC. T2 - 41st Annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation CY - Boise, Idaho, USA DA - 20.07.2014 KW - Radiography KW - Spectrum KW - Modeling KW - Valildation PY - 2015 SN - 978-0-7354-1292-7 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914656 N1 - Serientitel: AIP conference proceedings – Series title: AIP conference proceedings VL - 1650 SP - 579 EP - 585 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-33082 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Modelling Radiological Methods with aRTist Based on Analytical and Monte Carlo Methods T2 - Annual Conference of the British Institute of NDT - Materials Testing 2015 CY - Telford, UK DA - 2015-09-08 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33276 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Radiography simulation with aRTist - Combining analytical and Monte Carlo methods N2 - Modelling becomes more and more important in modern NDE. It is increasingly used to optimize techniques for complex applications and to support the preparation of written procedures. Hence, computer simulation nowadays has to be able to handle all significant properties of an NDE system with sufficient accuracy. In case of radiographic applications this includes models of the radiation source, of the interaction of radiation with materials, of the detection process, and the geometrical description of the part or the construction. Depending on the given inspection problem and the influencing factors that should be addressed by the simulation an appropriate physical model has to be chosen to describe the underlying interaction mechanisms. The simulator aRTist combines analytical and Monte Carlo methods to efficiently model the radiation transport. Simulation is a powerful tool to separate different influencing factors. Here we focus on Monte-Carlo simulation of scatter contributions within aRTist. T2 - DIR 2015 - International symposium on digital industrial radiology and computed tomography CY - Ghent, Belgium DA - 22.06.2015 KW - CT KW - Multi-angle radiography KW - Modelling KW - Laminography KW - Radiographic testing (RT) PY - 2015 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-33738 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - A general spectrum model for X-ray generators N2 - A fast quantitative model for the energy spectra of radiation emitted by X-ray tubes is described, handling thin as well as thick plane targets of arbitrary materials. The developed model is based on fundamental interaction cross sections, describing electron and photon transport via numerical integration of discretized distributions. While the focus lies on bremsstrahlung production, modeling of characteristic radiation is fully integrated. The model does not include any free parameters. The validity of the model is shown through comparison with measurements and Monte Carlo simulations for several combinations of target material and acceleration potential between 30 kV and 450 kV. KW - Modeling KW - X-ray KW - Spectrum KW - Bremsstrahlung KW - Electron transport PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2015.12.007 SN - 0963-8695 VL - 79 SP - 92 EP - 97 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-35263 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumm, A. A1 - Duvauchelle, P. A1 - Kaftandjian, V. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Tabary, J. A1 - Mathy, F. A1 - Legoupil, S. ED - Büyüköztürk, O. T1 - Modelling of radiographic inspections N2 - Computer modelling of non-destructive testing methods has come a long way from the beginnings in the mid 90s to today. Radiographic modelling for components with higher wall thicknesses, as they are typical for nuclear applications, must include precise predictions of scattered radiation and its impact in terms of contrast reduction. Dedicated or general purpose Monte Carlo methods with the ability to calculate higher order scattering events are the state of the art for these applications. Aerospace applications, on the other hand, have stronger requirements on the modelling code's capabilities to import complex CAD geometries, and can benefit from faster analytical scatter models, limited to first or second order scattering events. Similar distinctions can be made for the various approaches proposed to accurately model geometrical and film unsharpness, film granularity, film responses, film/foil cartridges and photon noise. This article presents a state-of-the-art review of radiographic modelling from the perspective of two important application domains with very different requirements, nuclear and aerospace. T2 - NDTMS-2011 CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 15.05.2011 KW - Computer modelling KW - Monte-Carlo KW - Radiography KW - Film KW - Selenium PY - 2013 SN - 978-94-007-0722-1 SN - 978-94-007-0723-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_99 VL - 6 SP - 697 EP - 702 PB - Springer Netherlands AN - OPUS4-36655 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Supercomputing the cascade processes of radiation transport N2 - Modeling of the photon-electron cascade process in multicomponent objects of complex geometrical structure by use of hybrid supercomputers is considered. An approach to computing the cascade processes is developed. The approach has three key properties allowing the effective use of heterogeneous structure of computers for solving the tasks of radiation transport in complex multi-scale geometries. Firstly, two different discreet geometrical description of an object being under radiation is used: triangulated model for photon transport and voxel model for elec-tron transport. Secondly, small parameter of the problem is explicitly taking into ac-count for modeling surface effects (for instance, electron emission). Thirdly, the ef-fective calculation decomposition between CPU and GPU is developed for signifi-cant increasing the speed of calculations of processes in question. Modeling of ex-periment on researching the bremsstrahlung generated by electron beam in Ta target is carried out. Comparison of computing and experimental results shows satisfactory consent. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Modelling KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Photon-electron transport PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-36608 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Back scatter X-ray imaging with twisted slit collimator – quantitative simulation and comparison to experiments N2 - X-ray backscatter imaging is a promising NDT technique to inspect complex objects using only a single-sided access. In difference to conventional transmission X-ray radiography, the X-ray backscatter imaging utilizes the scattered radiation caused by the Compton scattering effect. In order to achieve high backscatter intensities from a test object, it is necessary to optimize the backscatter system parameters namely the angle between source and slit camera, the slit-collimator system, the shielding between the source and scatter camera, and the type of detector. Here a single-slit as well as a multi-slit camera are considered. For the multi-slit camera several twisted slits were parallel arranged in a metal block. This camera generates a set of similar projections per slit overlaying each other. Afterwards, the image is corrected based on a de-convolution algorithm to focus the overlaying projections into a single representation of the object. The scatter phenomena in the object under inspection are investigated. In this contribution, the Monte Carlo model McRay is discussed, which considers all relevant single and multiple interactions of photons and electrons. This model can be used to simulate back scatter techniques. Simulations are important to describe the imaging process, to interpret the results, and to optimize the backscatter camera investigated here. Experimental results will be presented and compared with simulations. T2 - 55th Annual British Conference of Non-Destructive Testing CY - Nottingham, UK DA - 12.09.2016 KW - Modeling KW - X-rays KW - Backscatter application KW - Synthetic aperture focusing PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37618 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Wieder, Frank A1 - Vogel, Justus A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Messerschmid, Magdalena ED - Xu, C. T1 - Scatter imaging – Simulation of aperture focusing by deconvolution N2 - X-ray scatter imaging is a well-established NDT technique to inspect complex objects using only a single-sided access. We present a specially designed multi-slit scatter camera consisting of several twisted slits which are parallelly arranged in a metal block. The camera projects one image per slit to the digital detector array, where the images are overlaying each other. The aperture is corrected based on a de-convolution algorithm to focus the overlaying projections into a single representation of the object. To achieve high scatter intensities from an object, it is necessary to optimize the parameters of the scatter system by simulation. T2 - IEEE Far East NDT New Technology & Application Forum CY - Xi'an, China DA - 22.06.2017 KW - Scatter imaging KW - Computer simulation KW - Aperture focusing KW - Deconvolution PY - 2018 SN - 978-1-5386-1615-4 DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/FENDT.2017.8584606 SP - 301 EP - 306 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ AN - OPUS4-48395 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Janczynski, Jessica A1 - Tewes, Andreas A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Evaluation Metrics for Comparison between Virtual and Industrial XCT N2 - Simulations of XCT systems, as employed in the context of the manufacturing and design process, represent a time-saving, cost- and resource-efficient alternative to repeated experimental measurements. This article is dedicated to the development and evaluation of various metrics that should enable an adequate verification and optimization of a XCT simulation of an experimental XCT system. The present study employed statistical evaluation as a methodological approach. The present article makes a significant contribution to the optimization of the development process of a XCT simulation and provides a foundation for future research activities in this field. KW - Computed Tomography KW - Computertomographie KW - aRTist KW - Simulation KW - Virtual CT KW - Evaluation PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-641444 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-025-01213-w SN - 0195-9298 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC CY - Berlin/Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-64144 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Vengrinovich, V. T1 - Optimal processing of the information available from NDE measured data T2 - 15th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (WCNDT) CY - Roma, Italy DA - 2000-10-15 KW - NDE data processing KW - Inverse problems KW - Bayesian restoration KW - Data fusion PY - 2000 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt00/papers/idn429/idn429.htm SN - 1435-4934 N1 - Geburtsname von Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger: Tillack, G.-R. - Birth name of Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger: Tillack, G.-R. VL - 5 IS - 11 SP - 1(?) EP - 8(?) PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-860 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaczinski, Jessica T1 - Virtual XCT - Simulation of Industrial XCT-Systems with aRTist N2 - One of the few 3D methods, that can be used to analyze an object non-destructively, is X-ray computed tomography (CT). The determination of the object's deviations, such as shape and the internal structure of objects, including defects and material degradation, is of particular interest to industry. The ability of CT to scan an object with its internal and external features at once causes increasing adoption in dimensional metrology. This includes the need to determine the measurement uncertainty. Experimental uncertainty determination by conducting repeated CT measurements is costly and time-consuming. The simulation of the CT measurement process offers the possibility of determining the task-specific measurement uncertainty numerically in a resource-efficient manner. There are already several software programs available that simulate CT systems, such as aRTist. Once the virtual replica of a CT system has been completed, it’s accuracy must be evaluated quantitively in comparison to the CT measurements. To focus on analyzing the quality of the simulated CT images different metrics are introduced for the comparison of experimental and simulated CT projections. The results of the comparisons are presented, and conclusions are drawn how to improve the simulation of industrial CT systems. T2 - MPA Seminar 2024 CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 08.10.2024 KW - X-ray Computed tomography KW - Simulations KW - Virtual XCT KW - Digital Twin PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Hilger, A. A1 - Manke, I. T1 - Compton-CT als Alternative zur Neutronentomographie? N2 - Als Alternative zur Neutronentomographie wird das Potenzial der Computertomographie (CT) mit inkohärenter Röntgen-Streustrahlung (Compton-Streuung) untersucht. Die gleichzeitige Abbildung von Materialien sehr unterschiedlicher Dichten (Ordnungszahlen) ist eine wiederkehrende Herausforderung für die Radiologie und die Computertomographie mit Röntgenstrahlung. Die Messungen ergeben asymmetrische Projektionsprofile für Sinogramme der Streuintensität. Am Beispiel verschiedener Polymere (Polyethylen, Polyamid, PVC), Glas und Holz wird in den Tomogrammen ein hochaufgelöster 'Comptonkontrast' vergleichbarer Dynamik erreicht, während der simultan gemessene 'Absorptionskontrast' ausschließlich die starken Absorber (Glas und PVC) zeigt. Der Vergleich mit ähnlich auflösender Neutronentomographie zeigt ähnliche Kontraste und eröffnet mithin die Möglichkeit, diese künftig durch Compton-Tomographie im Labormaßstab zu ersetzen. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2015 CY - Salzburg, Austria DA - 11.05.2015 KW - Comptonstreuung KW - Computertomographie KW - Neutronentomographie PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-342894 SN - 978-3-940283-68-9 IS - DGZfP BB 152 SP - Mo.3.A.2, 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-34289 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - EMPIR Project NanoXSpot N2 - The overall objective of project NanoXSpot (Nanometre X-ray Focal Spot Measurement) is to develop traceable measurement methods for determining the focal spot size, shape, and position of nanometre resolution X-ray tubes. The impact of the technical results will be ensured by preparing prenormative documents for submission to CEN TC 138 (Non-destructive testing) WG 1 (Radiographic testing), which directly addresses the research needs of CEN, currently revising standards in the series 12543 for focal spot measurements below 5 µm spot size to harmonise standards and measurement method between ASTM and CEN. T2 - DACH-Tagung CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Standardization KW - X-Ray tube KW - Focal spot measurement PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48298 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ewert, U. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, A. A1 - Bircher, B. A. A1 - Meli, F. T1 - New concepts for the measurement of focal spot parameters of nano- and microfocus X-ray tubes N2 - Accurate measurement of focal spot sizes of X-ray tubes, betatrons and linear accelerators is still an open problem. Several standards are currently active, which provide different results depending on the focal spot shape. CEN published the standard series EN 12543 (five parts) in 1999, which describes the measurement of focal spot sizes of X-ray tubes for NDT applications. The measurement procedure and its tolerances deviate from the measurement standards for medical X-ray tubes, e.g. EN 60336:2006 / IEC 60336:2005. EN 12543 describes different measurement methods for X-ray tubes with focal spots in several size ranges, defined as macrofocus, minifocus and microfocus. CEN TC 138 WG 1 und ASTM E 07.01 are revising (CEN) or have just revised (ASTM) the standards for focal spot size measurements, basing them on pin hole or edge measurements only. Slit cameras are applied for medical tube evaluation only. Tomographic methods for focal spot size shape reconstruction were proposed and will be discussed, but have not yet been used for standardization. The currently available standards cover the range of spot sizes from 5 µm up to several millimetres. During the last years, more and more nanofocus tubes have been developed for high-resolution applications and microscopy. Manufacturers and users apply different methods for measurement of nanofocus spot sizes and image resolution, which differ by a factor of up to two. These well-known methods and new alternative methods for the measurement of nanofocus spots (size and shape) will be evaluated and improved in the EMPIR project “NanoXSpot” in order to develop a related measurement standard. T2 - International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography CY - Fürth, Germany DA - 02.07.2019 KW - X-Ray tube KW - Focal spot measurement KW - Standadization PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Hilger, A. A1 - Manke, I. T1 - X-ray compton line scan tomography N2 - The potentials of incoherent X-ray scattering (Compton) computed tomography (CT) are investigated. The imaging of materials of very different atomic number or density at once is generally a perpetual challenge for X-ray tomography or radiography. In a basic laboratory set-up for simultaneous perpendicular Compton scattering and direct beam attenuation tomography are conducted by single channel photon counting line scans. This results in asymmetric distortions of the projection profiles of the scattering CT data set. In a first approach, corrections of Compton scattering data by taking advantage of rotational symmetry yield tomograms without major geometric artefacts. A cylindrical sample composed of PE, PA, PVC, glass and wood demonstrates similar Compton contrast for all the substances, while the conventional absorption tomogram only reveals the two high order materials. Comparison to neutron tomography reveals astonishing similarities except for the glass component (without hydrogen). Therefore, Compton CT offers the potential to replace neutron tomography, which requires much more efforts. KW - X-ray compton scattering KW - Computed tomography KW - Neutron tomography PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110799 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 57 IS - 11-12 SP - 985 EP - 991 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-34963 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Janczynski, Jessica A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander T1 - VIRTUELLE XCT – Simulation industrieller XCT-Systeme mit aRTist N2 - Eine der wenigen 3D-Methoden, mit denen ein Objekt zerstörungsfrei analysiert werden kann, ist die Röntgen-Computertomographie (XCT). Die Bestimmung von Formabweichungen und die innere Struktur von Objekten, einschließlich Defekten, ist für die Industrie von besonderem Interesse. Die Möglichkeit der XCT, ein Objekt mit seinen inneren und äußeren Strukturen gleichzeitig abzubilden, führt auch zu einer zunehmenden Anwendung der XCT in der dimensionellen Messtechnik einschließlich der Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit. Die experimentelle Ermittlung der Unsicherheit durch wiederholte XCT-Messungen ist kosten- und zeitintensiv. Die Simulation der XCT eröffnet die Möglichkeit, die aufgabenspezifische Messunsicherheit ressourceneffizient numerisch zu ermitteln. Es gibt bereits mehrere Softwarelösungen, die XCT-Systeme simulieren können, wie z. B. aRTist. Sobald ein XCT-System virtuelle nachgebildet wurde, muss seine Genauigkeit quantitativ im Vergleich zu den XCT-Messungen bewertet werden. Zur Bewertung der Qualität simulierter XCT-Bilder werden verschiedene Metriken für den Vergleich experimenteller und simulierter XCT-Projektionen eingeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Vergleiche werden präsentiert und Schlussfolgerungen gezogen, wie die Simulation industrieller XCT-Systeme verbessert werden kann. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - XCT KW - Simulation KW - Vergleich Messung vs. Simulation PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-63293 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Hilger, A. A1 - Manke, I. T1 - X-ray compton tomography N2 - The potentials of incoherent X-ray Scattering (Compton) tomography are investigated. Imaging materials of very different density or atomic number at once is a perpetual challenge for X-ray tomography or radiography, in general. In a basic laboratory set-up for simultaneous perpendicular Compton Scattering and direct beam attenuation tomographic scans are conducted by single channel photon counting. This results in asymmetric distortions of the projection profiles of the scattering CT-data set. ln a first approach corrections of Compton scattering data by taking advantage of rotational symmetry yield tomograms without major geometric artefacts. A cylindrical sample composed of PE, PA, PVC, glass and wood demonstrates similar Compton contrast for all the substances, while the conventional absorption tomogram only reveals the two high order materials. Compärison to neutron tomography reveals astonishing similarities except for the glass component (without hydrogen). Therefore, Compton CT bears the potential to replace neutron tomography, which requires much more efforts. T2 - ECNDT 2014 - 11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 06.10.2014 KW - X-ray compton scattering KW - Computed tomography KW - Neutron tomography PY - 2014 SN - 978-80-214-5018-9 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Brno University of Technology CY - Brno AN - OPUS4-31972 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Deresch, Andreas T1 - Influence of scattered radiation on the efficiency of dual high-energy X-Ray imaging for material characterization N2 - In this contribution, we discuss the influence of scattered radiation on materials’ effective attenuation coefficients at higher X-ray energies. The selected X-ray spectra for the dual-energy experiments correspond to 3 MV and 7.5 MV acceleration potential of the used betatron. Experiments were performed on a test phantom containing step wedges of different low- and high-Z materials. We evaluated the ratio between low- and high-energy X-ray attenuation coefficients quantitatively based on simulated poly-energetic high-energy X-ray source spectra and the detector sensitivity using the “analytical Radiographic Testing inspection simulation tool” (aRTist) developed at BAM. Furthermore, the influence of scattered radiation is evaluated using an efficient Monte-Carlo simulation. The simulation results are compared quantitatively with experimental investigations. Finally, important applications of the proposed technique in the context of aviation security are discussed. T2 - 19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Monte Carlo methods KW - Dual-energy imaging KW - Simulation KW - Experiments PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365925 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - 158 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin, Germany AN - OPUS4-36592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - Quantitative simulation of back scatter X-ray imaging and comparison to experiments N2 - X-ray backscatter imaging is a well established NDT technique to inspect complex objects using only a single-sided access. In difference to conventional transmission X-ray radiography, the X-ray backscatter imaging utilizes the scattered radiation caused by the Compton scattering effect. In order to achieve high backscatter intensities from a test object, it is necessary to optimize the backscatter system parameters namely the angle between source and slit camera, the slit collimator system, the shielding between source and scatter camera, and the type of detector. In addition, the scatter phenomena in to the investigated object need to be understood. In this contribution, we present a Monte Carlo model McRay which considers all relevant single and multiple interactions of photons and electrons. This model can be used to simulate back scatter techniques. It allows not only calculating the scatter image for a given experimental setup but also registering the spectrum of the detected scattered photons. Both aspects are important to understand the imaging process, to interpret the results, and to optimize the backscatter camera investigated here. Additionally experimental results will be presented and compared with simulations. T2 - 19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Radiology KW - Back-scatter techniques KW - Simulation KW - Monte Carlo methods KW - Measurements PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365897 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - 158 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin, Germany AN - OPUS4-36589 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Simulation of complex scan paths for 3D reconstruction N2 - X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a volumetric (3D) Imaging diagnostic method, well established in the medical field, and in industrial NDE as well. Developments in industrial CT aim to extent the applicability to complex structures, which do not allow the access of all directions. This are e.g. limited view, data and angle CT applications. New reconstruction algorithms are required on one side, and the accuracy has to be improved on the other side. Numerical Simulation can support such developments by providing well defined data sets for the testing of reconstruction algorithms. This approach of virtual CT is realized within the radiographic simulator aRTist, developed by BAM. The poster shows the possibilities of this tool to consider complex scan paths. Simulated data sets have been reconstructed by an versatile backprojection algorithm. T2 - International symposium on digital industrial radiology and computed tomography CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.06.2011 KW - Radiographie KW - Computer-Simulation KW - 3D-Rekonstruktion PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-243928 SN - 978-3-940283-34-4 IS - DGZfP-BB 128 (Poster 17) SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-24392 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - On POD estimations with radiographic simulator aRTist N2 - The computer simulation of radiography is applicable for different purposes in NDT such as for the qualification of NDT systems, the optimization of system parameters, feasibility analysis, model-based data interpretation, education and training of NDT/NDE personnel, and others. Within the framework of the European project PICASSO simulators will be adapted to support reliability assessments of NDT tasks. The radiographic simulator aRTist developed by BAM is well suited for this task. It combines analytical modelling of the RT inspection process with the CAD-orientated object description applicable to various industrial sectors such as power generation, aerospace, railways and others. The analytic model includes the description of the radiation source, the interaction of Radiation with the material of the part, and the detection process with special focus to DIR. To support reliability estimations the simulation tool is completed by a tool for probability of detection (POD) estimation. It consists of a user interface for planning automatic simulation runs with varying parameters, specifically defect variations. Further, an automatic image analysis procedure is included to evaluate the defect visibility and calculate the POD therefrom. T2 - International symposium on digital industrial radiology and computed tomography CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.06.2011 KW - Radiographie KW - Computersimulation KW - Probability of detection PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-245092 SN - 978-3-940283-34-4 IS - DGZfP-BB 128 (Tu.2.3) SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-24509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas T1 - Combining analytical and Monte Carlo modelling for industrial radiology N2 - Modelling becomes more and more important in modern NDE. It is increasingly used to optimize techniques for complex applications, to support the preparation of written procedures, and for education purposes. To describe the complete chain of RT, the model includes simulating all necessary properties of X- or Gamma-ray sources, the interaction of photons with material with special attention to scattered radiation, the detection process, and the complete geometrical RT setup handling arbitrary parts or constructions. Depending on the given inspection problem and the influencing factors that should be addressed by the simulation, an appropriate physical model has to be chosen to describe the underlying interaction mechanisms. The simulator aRTist combines analytical and Monte Carlo methods to efficiently model the radiation transport such that transmission as well as scatter techniques can be modelled. In this contribution we Focus on Monte Carlo Simulation of scatter contribution within aRTist. Examples for RT/tomographic applications and back-scatter techniques are presented to demonstrate the usability of the presented simulation tool for a broad range of radiological applications. T2 - 19th Wolrd Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Radiography KW - Computed tomography KW - Simulation KW - Monte Carlo methods PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365856 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - 158 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin, Germany AN - OPUS4-36585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Podoliako, S.V. T1 - Mathematical modeling of radiography experiments N2 - An approach is presented to construct operators for transforming the characteristics of incident radiation to transmitted radiation, as well as operators for transforming the transmitted radiation to measured values. Simu-lating the radiation transport is based on Monte Carlo modeling of the interaction of X-ray photons and electrons with matter. The proposed method permits to construct, for instance, the operator connecting the initial radiation spectrum with the absorbed photon energy penetrating a given object. The elaborated approach provides the possibility of effective mathematical modeling of radiation techniques such as radiography, treating complex multi-component objects. Moreover, the method can be used to construct the operator equation for solving in-verse problems, e.g. the reconstruction of the initial radiation spectrum using simple experimental measure-ments. Comparison with some experimental measurements is presented. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 16.04.2012 KW - Radiography KW - Operator of radiation transformation KW - Mathematical modeling KW - Spectrum reconstruction PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 7 (Paper 305) AN - OPUS4-27401 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -