TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Hilger, A. A1 - Manke, I. T1 - Compton-CT als Alternative zur Neutronentomographie? N2 - Als Alternative zur Neutronentomographie wird das Potenzial der Computertomographie (CT) mit inkohärenter Röntgen-Streustrahlung (Compton-Streuung) untersucht. Die gleichzeitige Abbildung von Materialien sehr unterschiedlicher Dichten (Ordnungszahlen) ist eine wiederkehrende Herausforderung für die Radiologie und die Computertomographie mit Röntgenstrahlung. Die Messungen ergeben asymmetrische Projektionsprofile für Sinogramme der Streuintensität. Am Beispiel verschiedener Polymere (Polyethylen, Polyamid, PVC), Glas und Holz wird in den Tomogrammen ein hochaufgelöster 'Comptonkontrast' vergleichbarer Dynamik erreicht, während der simultan gemessene 'Absorptionskontrast' ausschließlich die starken Absorber (Glas und PVC) zeigt. Der Vergleich mit ähnlich auflösender Neutronentomographie zeigt ähnliche Kontraste und eröffnet mithin die Möglichkeit, diese künftig durch Compton-Tomographie im Labormaßstab zu ersetzen. T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2015 CY - Salzburg, Austria DA - 11.05.2015 KW - Comptonstreuung KW - Computertomographie KW - Neutronentomographie PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-342894 SN - 978-3-940283-68-9 IS - DGZfP BB 152 SP - Mo.3.A.2, 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-34289 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - EMPIR Project NanoXSpot N2 - The overall objective of project NanoXSpot (Nanometre X-ray Focal Spot Measurement) is to develop traceable measurement methods for determining the focal spot size, shape, and position of nanometre resolution X-ray tubes. The impact of the technical results will be ensured by preparing prenormative documents for submission to CEN TC 138 (Non-destructive testing) WG 1 (Radiographic testing), which directly addresses the research needs of CEN, currently revising standards in the series 12543 for focal spot measurements below 5 µm spot size to harmonise standards and measurement method between ASTM and CEN. T2 - DACH-Tagung CY - Friedrichshafen, Germany DA - 27.05.2019 KW - Standardization KW - X-Ray tube KW - Focal spot measurement PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48298 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ewert, U. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, A. A1 - Bircher, B. A. A1 - Meli, F. T1 - New concepts for the measurement of focal spot parameters of nano- and microfocus X-ray tubes N2 - Accurate measurement of focal spot sizes of X-ray tubes, betatrons and linear accelerators is still an open problem. Several standards are currently active, which provide different results depending on the focal spot shape. CEN published the standard series EN 12543 (five parts) in 1999, which describes the measurement of focal spot sizes of X-ray tubes for NDT applications. The measurement procedure and its tolerances deviate from the measurement standards for medical X-ray tubes, e.g. EN 60336:2006 / IEC 60336:2005. EN 12543 describes different measurement methods for X-ray tubes with focal spots in several size ranges, defined as macrofocus, minifocus and microfocus. CEN TC 138 WG 1 und ASTM E 07.01 are revising (CEN) or have just revised (ASTM) the standards for focal spot size measurements, basing them on pin hole or edge measurements only. Slit cameras are applied for medical tube evaluation only. Tomographic methods for focal spot size shape reconstruction were proposed and will be discussed, but have not yet been used for standardization. The currently available standards cover the range of spot sizes from 5 µm up to several millimetres. During the last years, more and more nanofocus tubes have been developed for high-resolution applications and microscopy. Manufacturers and users apply different methods for measurement of nanofocus spot sizes and image resolution, which differ by a factor of up to two. These well-known methods and new alternative methods for the measurement of nanofocus spots (size and shape) will be evaluated and improved in the EMPIR project “NanoXSpot” in order to develop a related measurement standard. T2 - International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography CY - Fürth, Germany DA - 02.07.2019 KW - X-Ray tube KW - Focal spot measurement KW - Standadization PY - 2019 AN - OPUS4-48442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Hilger, A. A1 - Manke, I. T1 - X-ray compton line scan tomography N2 - The potentials of incoherent X-ray scattering (Compton) computed tomography (CT) are investigated. The imaging of materials of very different atomic number or density at once is generally a perpetual challenge for X-ray tomography or radiography. In a basic laboratory set-up for simultaneous perpendicular Compton scattering and direct beam attenuation tomography are conducted by single channel photon counting line scans. This results in asymmetric distortions of the projection profiles of the scattering CT data set. In a first approach, corrections of Compton scattering data by taking advantage of rotational symmetry yield tomograms without major geometric artefacts. A cylindrical sample composed of PE, PA, PVC, glass and wood demonstrates similar Compton contrast for all the substances, while the conventional absorption tomogram only reveals the two high order materials. Comparison to neutron tomography reveals astonishing similarities except for the glass component (without hydrogen). Therefore, Compton CT offers the potential to replace neutron tomography, which requires much more efforts. KW - X-ray compton scattering KW - Computed tomography KW - Neutron tomography PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110799 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 57 IS - 11-12 SP - 985 EP - 991 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-34963 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Janczynski, Jessica A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander T1 - VIRTUELLE XCT – Simulation industrieller XCT-Systeme mit aRTist N2 - Eine der wenigen 3D-Methoden, mit denen ein Objekt zerstörungsfrei analysiert werden kann, ist die Röntgen-Computertomographie (XCT). Die Bestimmung von Formabweichungen und die innere Struktur von Objekten, einschließlich Defekten, ist für die Industrie von besonderem Interesse. Die Möglichkeit der XCT, ein Objekt mit seinen inneren und äußeren Strukturen gleichzeitig abzubilden, führt auch zu einer zunehmenden Anwendung der XCT in der dimensionellen Messtechnik einschließlich der Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit. Die experimentelle Ermittlung der Unsicherheit durch wiederholte XCT-Messungen ist kosten- und zeitintensiv. Die Simulation der XCT eröffnet die Möglichkeit, die aufgabenspezifische Messunsicherheit ressourceneffizient numerisch zu ermitteln. Es gibt bereits mehrere Softwarelösungen, die XCT-Systeme simulieren können, wie z. B. aRTist. Sobald ein XCT-System virtuelle nachgebildet wurde, muss seine Genauigkeit quantitativ im Vergleich zu den XCT-Messungen bewertet werden. Zur Bewertung der Qualität simulierter XCT-Bilder werden verschiedene Metriken für den Vergleich experimenteller und simulierter XCT-Projektionen eingeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Vergleiche werden präsentiert und Schlussfolgerungen gezogen, wie die Simulation industrieller XCT-Systeme verbessert werden kann. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2025 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 26.05.2025 KW - XCT KW - Simulation KW - Vergleich Messung vs. Simulation PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-63293 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Hilger, A. A1 - Manke, I. T1 - X-ray compton tomography N2 - The potentials of incoherent X-ray Scattering (Compton) tomography are investigated. Imaging materials of very different density or atomic number at once is a perpetual challenge for X-ray tomography or radiography, in general. In a basic laboratory set-up for simultaneous perpendicular Compton Scattering and direct beam attenuation tomographic scans are conducted by single channel photon counting. This results in asymmetric distortions of the projection profiles of the scattering CT-data set. ln a first approach corrections of Compton scattering data by taking advantage of rotational symmetry yield tomograms without major geometric artefacts. A cylindrical sample composed of PE, PA, PVC, glass and wood demonstrates similar Compton contrast for all the substances, while the conventional absorption tomogram only reveals the two high order materials. Compärison to neutron tomography reveals astonishing similarities except for the glass component (without hydrogen). Therefore, Compton CT bears the potential to replace neutron tomography, which requires much more efforts. T2 - ECNDT 2014 - 11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 06.10.2014 KW - X-ray compton scattering KW - Computed tomography KW - Neutron tomography PY - 2014 SN - 978-80-214-5018-9 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Brno University of Technology CY - Brno AN - OPUS4-31972 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Deresch, Andreas T1 - Influence of scattered radiation on the efficiency of dual high-energy X-Ray imaging for material characterization N2 - In this contribution, we discuss the influence of scattered radiation on materials’ effective attenuation coefficients at higher X-ray energies. The selected X-ray spectra for the dual-energy experiments correspond to 3 MV and 7.5 MV acceleration potential of the used betatron. Experiments were performed on a test phantom containing step wedges of different low- and high-Z materials. We evaluated the ratio between low- and high-energy X-ray attenuation coefficients quantitatively based on simulated poly-energetic high-energy X-ray source spectra and the detector sensitivity using the “analytical Radiographic Testing inspection simulation tool” (aRTist) developed at BAM. Furthermore, the influence of scattered radiation is evaluated using an efficient Monte-Carlo simulation. The simulation results are compared quantitatively with experimental investigations. Finally, important applications of the proposed technique in the context of aviation security are discussed. T2 - 19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Monte Carlo methods KW - Dual-energy imaging KW - Simulation KW - Experiments PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365925 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - 158 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin, Germany AN - OPUS4-36592 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Kolkoori, Sanjeevareddy A1 - Bellon, Carsten T1 - Quantitative simulation of back scatter X-ray imaging and comparison to experiments N2 - X-ray backscatter imaging is a well established NDT technique to inspect complex objects using only a single-sided access. In difference to conventional transmission X-ray radiography, the X-ray backscatter imaging utilizes the scattered radiation caused by the Compton scattering effect. In order to achieve high backscatter intensities from a test object, it is necessary to optimize the backscatter system parameters namely the angle between source and slit camera, the slit collimator system, the shielding between source and scatter camera, and the type of detector. In addition, the scatter phenomena in to the investigated object need to be understood. In this contribution, we present a Monte Carlo model McRay which considers all relevant single and multiple interactions of photons and electrons. This model can be used to simulate back scatter techniques. It allows not only calculating the scatter image for a given experimental setup but also registering the spectrum of the detected scattered photons. Both aspects are important to understand the imaging process, to interpret the results, and to optimize the backscatter camera investigated here. Additionally experimental results will be presented and compared with simulations. T2 - 19th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Radiology KW - Back-scatter techniques KW - Simulation KW - Monte Carlo methods KW - Measurements PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365897 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - 158 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin, Germany AN - OPUS4-36589 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Fratzscher, Daniel A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - Simulation of complex scan paths for 3D reconstruction N2 - X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a volumetric (3D) Imaging diagnostic method, well established in the medical field, and in industrial NDE as well. Developments in industrial CT aim to extent the applicability to complex structures, which do not allow the access of all directions. This are e.g. limited view, data and angle CT applications. New reconstruction algorithms are required on one side, and the accuracy has to be improved on the other side. Numerical Simulation can support such developments by providing well defined data sets for the testing of reconstruction algorithms. This approach of virtual CT is realized within the radiographic simulator aRTist, developed by BAM. The poster shows the possibilities of this tool to consider complex scan paths. Simulated data sets have been reconstructed by an versatile backprojection algorithm. T2 - International symposium on digital industrial radiology and computed tomography CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.06.2011 KW - Radiographie KW - Computer-Simulation KW - 3D-Rekonstruktion PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-243928 SN - 978-3-940283-34-4 IS - DGZfP-BB 128 (Poster 17) SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-24392 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gollwitzer, Christian A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger T1 - On POD estimations with radiographic simulator aRTist N2 - The computer simulation of radiography is applicable for different purposes in NDT such as for the qualification of NDT systems, the optimization of system parameters, feasibility analysis, model-based data interpretation, education and training of NDT/NDE personnel, and others. Within the framework of the European project PICASSO simulators will be adapted to support reliability assessments of NDT tasks. The radiographic simulator aRTist developed by BAM is well suited for this task. It combines analytical modelling of the RT inspection process with the CAD-orientated object description applicable to various industrial sectors such as power generation, aerospace, railways and others. The analytic model includes the description of the radiation source, the interaction of Radiation with the material of the part, and the detection process with special focus to DIR. To support reliability estimations the simulation tool is completed by a tool for probability of detection (POD) estimation. It consists of a user interface for planning automatic simulation runs with varying parameters, specifically defect variations. Further, an automatic image analysis procedure is included to evaluate the defect visibility and calculate the POD therefrom. T2 - International symposium on digital industrial radiology and computed tomography CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.06.2011 KW - Radiographie KW - Computersimulation KW - Probability of detection PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-245092 SN - 978-3-940283-34-4 IS - DGZfP-BB 128 (Tu.2.3) SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e.V. (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-24509 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bellon, Carsten A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas T1 - Combining analytical and Monte Carlo modelling for industrial radiology N2 - Modelling becomes more and more important in modern NDE. It is increasingly used to optimize techniques for complex applications, to support the preparation of written procedures, and for education purposes. To describe the complete chain of RT, the model includes simulating all necessary properties of X- or Gamma-ray sources, the interaction of photons with material with special attention to scattered radiation, the detection process, and the complete geometrical RT setup handling arbitrary parts or constructions. Depending on the given inspection problem and the influencing factors that should be addressed by the simulation, an appropriate physical model has to be chosen to describe the underlying interaction mechanisms. The simulator aRTist combines analytical and Monte Carlo methods to efficiently model the radiation transport such that transmission as well as scatter techniques can be modelled. In this contribution we Focus on Monte Carlo Simulation of scatter contribution within aRTist. Examples for RT/tomographic applications and back-scatter techniques are presented to demonstrate the usability of the presented simulation tool for a broad range of radiological applications. T2 - 19th Wolrd Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Munich, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - Radiography KW - Computed tomography KW - Simulation KW - Monte Carlo methods PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-365856 SN - 978-3-940283-78-8 VL - 158 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin, Germany AN - OPUS4-36585 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zhukovskiy, M. A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Deresch, Andreas A1 - Podoliako, S.V. T1 - Mathematical modeling of radiography experiments N2 - An approach is presented to construct operators for transforming the characteristics of incident radiation to transmitted radiation, as well as operators for transforming the transmitted radiation to measured values. Simu-lating the radiation transport is based on Monte Carlo modeling of the interaction of X-ray photons and electrons with matter. The proposed method permits to construct, for instance, the operator connecting the initial radiation spectrum with the absorbed photon energy penetrating a given object. The elaborated approach provides the possibility of effective mathematical modeling of radiation techniques such as radiography, treating complex multi-component objects. Moreover, the method can be used to construct the operator equation for solving in-verse problems, e.g. the reconstruction of the initial radiation spectrum using simple experimental measure-ments. Comparison with some experimental measurements is presented. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 16.04.2012 KW - Radiography KW - Operator of radiation transformation KW - Mathematical modeling KW - Spectrum reconstruction PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 7 (Paper 305) AN - OPUS4-27401 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -