TY - CONF A1 - Jentsch, H. A1 - Schwartz, A. A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Bazrafshan, K. A1 - Döring, H. A1 - Großwig, S. A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Kowalle, G. A1 - Kusche, Nadine A1 - Lorenz, R. A1 - Pfeiffer, T. A1 - Sadaghiani, M.R.S. A1 - Scholz, E. A1 - Senze, A. A1 - Tkachenko, Viktoriya A1 - Witt, K. J. ED - Xu, Y. L. ED - Zhu, S. ED - Xia, Y. ED - Ni, Y.Q. ED - Law, S.S. ED - Yin, J. H. ED - Su, Z.Q. T1 - Detection of slipping soil areas with embedded tiny vertical sensing rods N2 - Critical soil zones where large areas along a shear joint might begin to slip should be recognized. In order to avoid damage, monitoring of such unstable zones is necessary. First, soil movements must be detected as early as possible, second, the amount of deformation should be estimated. Because geodetical methods do not provide information about deformation in the underground in different depths, the only way to come to information from possible shear zones is the installation of deformation measurement systems. A special installation method was developed to bring a long-gauge length measurement system into a borehole and transfer data of soil deformations into an installed sensing rod. The mostly vertically installed sensing rod has an outer diameter of 3 mm to 6 mm and contains several optical fibres. One fibre provides integral strain information along the whole length of the rod. To get this information, the phase difference between the fibre input and output is measured and the change of the total length of the fibre can be derived. This easy and cheap online sensing system delivers an early warning of soil deformations respectively possible slip as well as landslides. In case of warning, the second sensing system based on Fibre Bragg Grating sensors located close to the expected shear zone purposefully. It records resulting deformations in detail. In this study, three main objectives were achieved: a) development of tiny pultruded sensing rods with integrated optical sensor fibres, b) installation technology which enables the integration of the sensing rod during drilling and pile driving, and c) development of a stiff but elastic racking material to fix the rod in the soil and to transfer soil deformation into the stiffer sensing rod. These three aspects including the fibre optical measurement systems are described; results from Press Deformation Test (PDT) are presented. Test results of the fibre optical online system are compared and evaluated with the results of conventional inclinometer measurements as well as numerical modelling. An outlook for further possibilities of usage of this monitoring system is given. T2 - SHMII-6 - 6th International conference on structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructure CY - Hong Kong, China DA - 09.12.2013 KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Soil stability monitoring KW - Optical fibre strain-sensor KW - Geotechnical soil stability KW - Soil deformation modelling PY - 2013 SN - 978-962-367-768-4 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-29915 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schallert, Matthias A1 - Krebber, Katerina A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Habel, Wolfgang A1 - Stahlmann, J. T1 - Auswahl geeigneter Fasersensorprinzipien für Anwendungen in der Geotechnik T2 - Fachseminar "Messen in der Geotechnik 2004" CY - Braunschweig, Deutschland DA - 2004-09-09 PY - 2004 SN - 3-927610-68-2 N1 - Serientitel: Mitteilung des Instituts für Grundbau und Bodenmechanik - Technische Universität Braunschweig – Series title: Mitteilung des Instituts für Grundbau und Bodenmechanik - Technische Universität Braunschweig IS - 77 SP - 309 EP - 328 PB - Inst. für Grundbau und Bodenmechanik, Techn. Univ. CY - Braunschweig AN - OPUS4-4424 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hofmann, Martin A1 - Bender, Josef A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Hieronymus, Hartmut A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Influence of Obstacles on Surface Detonations T2 - 2nd Internet Conference on Process Safety CY - --- DA - 2000-03-20 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-2125 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hieronymus, Hartmut A1 - Hofmann, Martin A1 - Bender, Josef A1 - Henschen, Philipp A1 - Wendler, Reinhold A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Characterization of surface explosions PY - 2001 SN - 0208-4198 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 125 PB - Wydawn. Naukowe PWN CY - Warszawa AN - OPUS4-1213 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hieronymus, Hartmut A1 - Henschen, Philipp A1 - Hofmann, Martin A1 - Bender, Josef A1 - Wendler, Reinhold A1 - Plewinsky, Bodo A1 - Steinbach, J. ED - Pasman, H. T1 - Hazards of surface explosions T2 - 10th International Conference: Loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries ; 620th Event of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 2001-06-19 PY - 2001 SN - 0-444-50699-3 N1 - Serientitel: EFCE event – Series title: EFCE event IS - 620 SP - 897 EP - 908 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-1156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Habel, Wolfgang A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Gutmann, Toivo A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Molter, M. A1 - Hegger, J. ED - Inaudi, D. T1 - Characterization of bond performance of textiles in cement matrices using fiber optic sensors T2 - Smart structures and materials 2002 - Smart sensor technology and measurement systems CY - San Diego, CA, USA DA - 2002-03-18 KW - Textile reinforced concrete KW - Fibers KW - Concrete KW - Bond KW - Fiber-optic sensors PY - 2002 SN - 0-8194-4442-1 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472626 SN - 1605-7422 N1 - Serientitel: SPIE proceedings series – Series title: SPIE proceedings series IS - 4694 SP - 253 EP - 258 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, Wash. AN - OPUS4-1458 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Habel, Wolfgang A1 - Gutmann, Toivo A1 - Basedau, Frank A1 - Molter, M. A1 - Hegger, J. A1 - Will, N. T1 - Untersuchungen an textilbewehrtem Beton PY - 2002 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 44 IS - 5 SP - 194 EP - 198 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-1474 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Arendt, J. A1 - Hofmann, M. A1 - Kudla, W. T1 - Ultrasonic quality assurance at magnesia shotcrete sealing structures N2 - Engineered barriers are a key element to enable safe nuclear waste disposal. One method currently under research for their construction is magnesia concrete applied in a shotcrete procedure. In this study, the ultrasonic echo method is evaluated as a means for quality assurance. Imaging of internal structures (backwall, boreholes) and defects, such as delamination, has successfully been achieved in the shotcrete. Additionally, detailed information about the potential cause of selected reflectors are obtained by phase analysis. In several test blocks of various sizes, no consistent concrete section boundaries have been found by ultrasonic imaging, which was verified by subsequent drilling and complementary tests. An experiment with artificial defects imitating cracks, air-filled voids, and material with lower density has been challenging and shows the limitations of the current methods. Although significant defects, such as a large delamination, are reliably identified, several smaller defects are not identified. Generally, ultrasonic imaging provides a suitable base as a mean for quality assurance during and after the construction of sealing structures. However, further developments are required to enhance the reliability of the method and a full validation is still pending. Still, the method has potential to increase the safety of nuclear waste repositories. KW - Ultrasound KW - Imaging KW - Engineered barrier systems KW - Underground KW - Shotcrete PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-563170 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228717 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 22 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56317 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Arendt, J. A1 - Hofmann, M. A1 - Kudla, W. T1 - Correction: Lay et al. Ultrasonic quality assurance at magnesia shotcrete sealing structures. Sensors 2022, 22, 8717 N2 - The authors wish to correct the following errors in the original paper Lay, V.; Effner, U.; Niederleithinger, E.; Arendt, J.; Hofmann, M.; Kudla, W. Ultrasonic Quality Assurance at Magnesia Shotcrete Sealing Structures. Sensors 2022, 22, 8717, https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228717. PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-584969 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187966 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 18 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-58496 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geoerg, Paul A1 - Schumann, J. A1 - Boltes, M. A1 - Holl, S. A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja T1 - The influence of physical and mental constraints to a stream of people through a bottleneck N2 - Understanding movement in heterogeneous groups is important for a meaningful evaluation of evacuation prediction and for a proper design of buildings. The understanding of interactions and influencing factors in heterogeneous groups on key performance figures is fundamental for a safe design. This contribution presents results of experimental studies on movement of a crowd through a bottleneck involving participants with and without disabilities. High precise trajectories of the attendees extracted from video recordings were used to calculate density and velocity of the participants. Besides the well-established fundamental diagram new insights into the individual relation between density and velocity are discussed. A complex structure and considerate behaviour in movement implicates a strong influence of the heterogeneity on key performance values of safe movement. T2 - 9th international conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED2018) CY - Lund, Sweden DA - 21.08.2018 KW - Human behaviour KW - Egress KW - Evacuation KW - Pedestrians with disabilities KW - Engineering data PY - 2018 SP - 57-1 EP - 57-6 CY - Lund, Sweden AN - OPUS4-46266 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Brandt, J. ED - Troitzsch, J. ED - Antonatus, E. T1 - Motor Vehicles N2 - The amount of plastic and synthetic materials is still growing in all sectors of everyday life. In the automotive industry, plastic materials are now widely used in vehicles because of their excellent mechanical properties and their light weight combined with low production costs. However, plastic materials are flammable and can generate toxic smoke gases which can endanger passengers’ lives in the event of fire. KW - Transport KW - Bus fire KW - Safety PY - 2021 SN - 978-1-56990-762-7 VL - 2021 SP - 537 PB - Hanser CY - München ET - 4 AN - OPUS4-53094 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geoerg, Paul A1 - Polzin, R. M. A1 - Schumann, J. A1 - Holl, S. A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja T1 - Small-scale studies on evacuation characteristics of pedestrians with physical, mental or age-related disabilities N2 - Evaluation of evacuation process is common separated by two phases: pre-movement and movement-phase. Individual capabilities of pedestrians have an impact on both and therefore on the time required for safe escape. In view of evaluating the evacuation process, characteristics of realistic movements of pedestrians involved are needed, but so far such data are mainly available for individuals with unrestricted evacuation capabilities only. Due to the lack of available data, parameter studies in an assisted living for people with disabilities were performed to explore the movement during evacuation. Preparation times for assistance (n=10), unimpeded walking speeds (n=34) depending on the assistance devices in the plane as well as walking speeds on stairs (n=11) were focussed. Time to prepare an assistance device for utilisation depends significantly on the kind of device type. Further on, practical experience in handling the devices for assistance has an impact on the preparation time. In contrast to the results of the preparation times, any relation on assistance devices were investigated for the unimpeded walking speed in the plane. A remarkable decrease of walking speed on stairs was observed which is independent from the utilised assistance device. The presented data improve and extend the insufficient engineering data base and raised up questions regarding the complexity of considering pedestrians movement with impairments in evacuation planning. T2 - 3rd European Symposium on Fire Safety Science CY - Nancy, France DA - 12.09.2018 KW - Evacuation KW - Human behaviour KW - Egress KW - Pedestrians with disabilities KW - Engineering data KW - Unimpeded walking speed KW - Pre-movement KW - Movement PY - 2018 SP - 214966-1 EP - 214966-6 AN - OPUS4-46268 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Anderson, J. T1 - Editorial: Special issue facades N2 - Facade fires are of growing concern worldwide. Severe facade fires in different parts of the world as well as activities in many countries regarding the testing of facades show the urgency of the fire safety challenges in façade fires. The need for knowledge and a wide Archive of work in this area has become evident after recent incidents which involved extensive facade fires. These include the tragic fires in Dubai and Grenfell Tower in 2017 in the United Kingdom. In many cases, the widespread live news coverage of the events and size of These fires has emphasized the need for progress in the understanding of the processes involved in these fires and put pressure upon the fire safety engineering community to find effective solutions. KW - Facade fire PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.3001 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 45(5) IS - Special issue: Facade fire safety SP - 585 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-53093 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Boström, L. A1 - Anderson, J. A1 - Chiva, R. A1 - Guillaume, E. A1 - Colwell, S. A1 - Toth, P. T1 - European approach to assess the fire performance of façades N2 - Several attempts have been made in the past to develop a European harmonized testing and assessment method for façades before the European commission decided to publish a call for tender on the topic. A project consortium from five countries (Sweden, UK, France, Germany and Hungary) applied to the call for tender and was contracted to develop a European approach to assess the fire performance of façades. 24 sub-contractors and 14 stakeholder entities were part of the project. The objective of the European project was to address a request from the Standing Committee of Construction (SCC) to provide EC Member States regulators with a means to regulate the fire performance of façade systems based on a European approach agreed by SCC. In addressing this objective, the project team was asked to consider a number of issues which are presented and discussed. T2 - Interflam 2019 CY - London, UK DA - 01.07.2019 KW - Facade KW - European KW - Fire scenario KW - Testing PY - 2019 SP - 213 EP - 227 PB - Interscience AN - OPUS4-48428 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geoerg, Paul A1 - Schumann, J. A1 - Holl, S. A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja T1 - The Influence of Wheelchair Users on Movement in a Bottleneck and a Corridor N2 - Emergency exits as bottlenecks in escape routes are important for designing traffic facilities. Particularly, the capacity estimation is a crucial performance criterion for assessment of pedestrians' safety in built environments. For this reason, several studies were performed during the last decades which focus on the quantification of movement through corridors and bottlenecks. These studies were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics to reduce influencing variables and for reasons of practicability. Studies which consider heterogeneous characteristics in performance parameters are rarely available. In response and to reduce this lack of data a series of well-controlled large-scale movement studies considering pedestrians using different types of wheelchairs was carried out. As a result it is shown that the empirical relations are strongly affected by the presence of participants with visible disabilities (such as wheelchair users). We observed an adaption of the overall movement speeds to the movement speeds of participants using a wheelchair, even for low densities and free flow scenarios. Flow and movement speed are in a complex relation and do not depend on density only. In our studies, the concept of specific flow fits for the nondisabled subpopulation but it is not valid for scenario considering wheelchair users in the population. KW - Evacuation PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9717208 SN - 0197-6729 SP - Article ID 9717208-1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley, Hindawi AN - OPUS4-48639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Geoerg, Paul A1 - Schumann, J. A1 - Boltes, M. A1 - Holl, S. A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja T1 - The influence of individual impairments on crowd dynamics N2 - Emergency exits as bottlenecks in escape routes are important for designing traffic facilities. Especially the fundamental diagram is a crucial performance criterion for assessment of pedestrians' safety in facilities and an important basis for calculation methods. For this reason, several studies were performed during the last decades which focus on the quantification of movement through bottlenecks. These studies were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics to reduce influencing variables and for reasons of practicability. Studies which consider heterogeneous characteristics in performance parameters are rarely available. In response and to reduce this lack of data a series of well-controlled large-scale movement studies considering pedestrians with different disabilities was carried out. T2 - Interflam 2019 CY - London, UK DA - 01.07.2019 KW - Evacuation PY - 2019 VL - 2019 SP - 775 EP - 791 PB - Interscience CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-48647 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Manes, M. A1 - El Houssami, M. A1 - Campbell, R. A1 - Sauca, A. A1 - Rush, D. A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Andersson, P. A1 - Wagner, P. A1 - Veeneklaas, J. A1 - van Hees, P. A1 - Guillaume, E. T1 - Closing Data Gaps and Paving the Way for Pan-European Fire Safety Efforts: Part I—Overview of Current Practices for Fire Statistics N2 - The analysis of the current state of fire statistics and data collection in Europe and other countries is needed to increase awareness of how fire incidents affect buildings and to support pan-European fire prevention and fire mitigation measures. The terminology and data collected regarding fire incidents in buildings in the EU Member States were mapped to obtain meaningful datasets to determine common terminology, collection methodology, and data interpretation system. An extensive literature review showed that fire data collection systems have been instrumental in informing firefighting strategies, evidence-based planning, prevention, and educational programmes. Differences and similarities between fire data collection systems were also investigated. The amount and quality of the information in fire statistical recording systems appear to be influenced by the complexity and structure with which the data are collected. The analysis also examined the existing fire statistics in the EU Member States and a few other countries. Finally, a detailed investigation of the number of fires, fire deaths, and injuries from 2009 to 2018 in several countries was examined based on data from a report by CTIF. The trends showed differences attributable to the existing fire statistical practices in terms of terminology and data collection, and interpretation. Part II proposes a common terminology for selected fire statistical variables. The results provide relevant information regarding fire safety at the European level and should be used to guide the development of more uniform fire statistics across Europe. KW - Fire statistics KW - European project PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-575711 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-023-01415-6 SN - 1572-8099 SP - 1 EP - 44 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-57571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anderson, J. A1 - Boström, L. A1 - Chiva, R. A1 - Guillaume, E. A1 - Colwell, S. A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Toth, P. T1 - European approach to assess the fire performance of façades N2 - Several attempts have been made in the past to develop a European harmonized testing and assessment method for façades before the European commission decided to publish a call for tender on the topic. A project consortium from five countries (Sweden, UK, France, Germany and Hungary) applied to the call for tender and was contracted to develop a European approach to assess the fire performance of façades. 24 sub-contractors and 14 stakeholder entities were part of the project. The objective of the European project was to address a request from the Standing Committee of Construction (SCC) to provide EC Member States regulators with a means to regulate the fire performance of façade systems based on a European Approach agreed by SCC. The initial stages of this Project were focused on establishing a Register of the regulatory requirements in all Member States in relation to the fire Performance of façade systems, and to identify those Member States who have regulatory requirements for the fire performance façade systems which go beyond the current EN 13501 (reaction to fire and fire resistance) classification systems and to collate the details of these additional requirements. After having confirmed the regulatory needs a testing and classification methodology based on BS 8414 and DIN 4102-20 was developed to address the identified key performance and classification characteristics. This paper is a short overview of results the two-year development work, which Final Report published by the European Commission in 2018. KW - Facade KW - Regulation KW - Testing PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-530501 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2878 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 45(5) IS - Special issue: Facade fire safety SP - 598 EP - 608 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-53050 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kempel, Florian A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Marti, J.M. A1 - Butler, K.M. A1 - Rossi, R. A1 - Idelsohn, S.R. A1 - Onate, E. A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja T1 - Modelling the vertical UL 94 test: competition and collaboration between melt dripping, gasification and combustion N2 - An experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the fire behaviour of bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) in the vertical UL 94 scenario is presented. Four PC/ABS blends were discussed, which satisfy different UL 94 classifications due to the competing effects of gasification, charring, flame inhibition and melt flow/dripping. For numerical investigation, the particle finite element method (PFEM) is used. Its capability to model the complex fire behaviour of polymers in the UL 94 is analysed. The materials' properties are characterised, in particular the additives impact on the dripping behaviour during thermal exposure. BDP is an efficient plasticiser; adding PTFE prevents dripping by causing a flow limit. PFEM simulations reproduce the dripping and burning behaviour, in particular the competition between gasification and dripping. The thermal impact of both the burner and the flame is approximated taking into account flame inhibition, charring and effective heat of combustion. PFEM is a promising numerical tool for the investigation of the fire behaviour of polymers, particularly when large deformations are involved. Not only the principal phenomena but also the different UL 94 classifications and the extinction times are well predicted. KW - Melt dripping KW - UL 94 KW - Particle finite element method (PFEM) KW - Simulation KW - Bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS) KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) KW - Bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2257 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 570 EP - 584 PB - Heyden CY - London AN - OPUS4-34285 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kempel, Florian A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja A1 - Butler, K.M. A1 - Onate, E. A1 - Idelsohn, S.R. A1 - Rossi, R. A1 - Marti, J.M. T1 - Numerical simulation of polymeric materials in UL 94 test: Competition between gasification and melt flow/dripping T2 - Interflam 2010 - 12th International conference CY - Nottingham, UK DA - 2010-07-05 KW - Particle finite element method (PFEM) KW - UL 94 KW - Fire retardancy KW - PC/ABS KW - Melt flow KW - Dripping PY - 2010 SN - 978-0-9541216-5-5 N1 - Geburtsname von Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja: Hofmann, A. - Birth name of Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja: Hofmann, A. VL - 1 SP - 721 EP - 730 PB - Interscience Communications CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-21670 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -