TY - CONF A1 - Fricke, F. A1 - Mahmood, S. A1 - Hoffmann, J. A1 - Brandalero, M. A1 - Liehr, Sascha A1 - Kern, Simon A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Kowarik, Stefan A1 - Westerdicky, S. A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Hübner, M. T1 - Artificial Intelligence for Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy N2 - Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) are critical components of every industrial chemical process as they provide information on the concentrations of individual compounds and by-products. These processes are carried out manually and by a specialist, which takes a substantial amount of time and prevents their utilization for real-time closed-loop process control. This paper presents recent advances from two projects that use Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to address the challenges of automation and performance-efficient realizations of MS and NMR. In the first part, a complete toolchain has been developed to develop simulated spectra and train ANNs to identify compounds in MS. In the second part, a limited number of experimental NMR spectra have been augmented by simulated spectra to train an ANN with better prediction performance and speed than state-of-theart analysis. These results suggest that, in the context of the digital transformation of the process industry, we are now on the threshold of a possible strongly simplified use of MS and MRS and the accompanying data evaluation by machine-supported procedures, and can utilize both methods much wider for reaction and process monitoring or quality control. T2 - 2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE) CY - Online meeting DA - 01.02.2021 KW - Industry 4.0 KW - Cyber-Physical Systems KW - Artificial Neural Networks KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy PY - 2021 UR - www.date-conference.com SN - 978-3-9819263-5-4 SP - 615 EP - 620 PB - Research Publishing AN - OPUS4-52180 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Descalzo López, Ana Belén A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Weißhoff, Hardy A1 - Martínez-Mánez, Ramon A1 - Marcos, M. Dolores A1 - Amorós, P. A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Soto, J. T1 - Rational Design of a Chromo- and Fluorogenic Hybrid Chemosensor Material for the Detection of Long-Chain Carboxylates N2 - A strategy for the rational design of a new optical sensor material for the selective recognition of long-chain carboxylates in water is presented. The approach relies on the combination of structure-property relationships to single out the optimal molecular sensor unit and the tuning of the sensing characteristics of an inorganic support material. A spacer-substituted 7-urea-phenoxazin-3-one was employed as the signaling moiety and a mesoporous trimethylsilylated UVM-7 (MCM-41 type) material served as the solid support. The sensor material shows the advantageous features of both modules that is absorption and emission in the visible spectral range, a fluorescence red-shift and enhancement upon analyte coordination, and the amplification of noncovalent (binding) and hydrogen-bonding (recognition) interactions in the detection event. Besides these basic results that are related to the design and performance of the sensor material, the paper discusses general aspects of amido-substituted phenoxazinone photophysics and addresses some general features of molecular anion recognition chemistry in aqueous vs nonaqueous media, utilizing steady-state and time-resolved optical as well as NMR spectroscopies. Detailed studies on potentially competing biochemical species and a first access to the schematic model of the response of the sensor material as obtained by a combination of fluorescence lifetime distribution analysis and Langmuir-type fitting of the gross binding constants complement the key issues of the paper. KW - Chemosensor KW - Carboxylate KW - Rationales Design KW - Hybridmaterialien KW - Fluoreszenz PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ja045683n SN - 0002-7863 SN - 1520-5126 VL - 127 SP - 184 EP - 200 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-5985 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chan, George C.-Y. A1 - Hieftje, Gary M. A1 - Omenetto, Nicoló A1 - Axner, Ove A1 - Bengtson, Arne A1 - Bings, Nicolas H. A1 - Blades, Michael W. A1 - Bogaerts, Annemie A1 - Bolshov, Mikhail A. A1 - Broekaert, José A.C. A1 - Chan, WingTat A1 - Costa-Fernández, José M. A1 - Crouch, Stanley R. A1 - De Giacomo, Alessandro A1 - D’Ulivo, Alessandro A1 - Engelhard, Carsten A1 - Falk, Heinz A1 - Farnsworth, Paul B. A1 - Florek, Stefan A1 - Gamez, Gerardo A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. A1 - Günther, Detlef A1 - Hahn, David W. A1 - Hang, Wei A1 - Hoffmann, Volker A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Karanassios, Vassili A1 - Koppenaal, David W. A1 - Kenneth Marcus, R. A1 - Noll, Reinhard A1 - Olesik, John W. A1 - Palleschi, Vincenzo A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Pisonero, Jorge A1 - Ray, Steven J. A1 - Resano, Martín A1 - Russo, Richard E. A1 - Scheeline, Alexander A1 - Smith, Benjamin W. A1 - Sturgeon, Ralph E. A1 - Todolí, José-Luis A1 - Tognoni, Elisabetta A1 - Vanhaecke, Frank A1 - Webb, Michael R. A1 - Winefordner, James D. A1 - Yang, Lu A1 - Yu, Jin A1 - Zhang, Zhanxia T1 - Landmark Publications in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Instrumentation Development N2 - The almost-two-centuries history of spectrochemical analysis has generated a body of literature so vast that it has become nearly intractable for experts, much less for those wishing to enter the field. Authoritative, focused reviews help to address this problem but become so granular that the overall directions of the field are lost. This broader perspective can be provided partially by general overviews but then the thinking, experimental details, theoretical underpinnings and instrumental innovations of the original work must be sacrificed. In the present compilation, this dilemma is overcome by assembling the most impactful publications in the area of analytical atomic spectrometry. Each entry was proposed by at least one current expert in the field and supported by a narrative that justifies its inclusion. The entries were then assembled into a coherent sequence and returned to contributors for a round-robin review. KW - Analytical atomic spectrometry KW - Spectroscopy KW - Instrumental analysis PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-621588 DO - https://doi.org/10.1177/00037028241263567 SN - 1943-3530 VL - 78 SP - 1 EP - 456 PB - Sage CY - London AN - OPUS4-62158 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Kemski, J. A1 - Schneider, Uwe A1 - Krocker, Christian A1 - Hoffmann, B. T1 - Determination of radon exhalation from construction materials using VOC emission test chambers N2 - The inhalation of 222Rn (radon) decay products is one of the most important reasons for lung cancer after smoking. Stony building materials are an important source of indoor radon. This article describes the determination of the exhalation rate of stony construction materials by the use of commercially available measuring devices in combination with VOC emission test chambers. Five materials – two types of clay brick, clinker brick, light-weight concrete brick, and honeycomb brick – generally used for wall constructions were used for the experiments. Their contribution to real room concentrations was estimated by applying room model parameters given in ISO 16000-9, RP 112, and AgBB. This knowledge can be relevant, if for instance indoor radon concentration is limited by law. The test set-up used here is well suited for application in test laboratories dealing with VOC emission testing. KW - Radon exhalation KW - Radon measurement KW - Building material KW - Emission test chamber KW - Indoor air quality KW - Real room radon concentrations PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12031 SN - 0905-6947 SN - 1600-0668 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 397 EP - 405 PB - Danish Techn. Pr. CY - Copenhagen AN - OPUS4-29408 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schrezenmeier, E. A1 - Hoffmann, F. A1 - Jaeger, C. A1 - Schrezenmeier, J. A1 - Lisec, Jan A1 - Glander, P. A1 - Algharably, E. A1 - Kreutz, R. A1 - Budde, K. A1 - Duerr, M. A1 - Halleck, F. T1 - Pharmacokinetics of Daclatasvir, Sofosbuvir and GS-331007 in a Prospective Cohort of HCV positive Kidney Transplant Recipients N2 - Limited data exist on the pharmacokinetic profile of novel direct acting antivirals in kidney transplant recipients. Daclatasvir is primarily eliminated via the biliary route and sofosbuvir via the renal route; here we report the pharmacokinetic profile of combined treatment with these compounds in a prospective study of hepatitis C virus positive kidney transplant recipients (EudraCT: 2014-004551-32). In this study plasma samples of 16 HCV positive kidney transplant recipients receiving daclatasvir and sofosbuvir were collected at 4 time points at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 56, and 84 after start of treatment. Inclusion criteria were stable graft function and an estimated GFR (eGFR) > 30mL/min/1.73m. Daclatasvir, sofosbuvir and GS-331007 (inactive metabolite of sofosbuvir) plasma concentrations were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. All patients showed a rapid virological response with HCV RNA below the detection limit 21 days after the start of therapy (medium time to viral clearance). No difference of the areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of daclatsavir, sofosbuvir and GS-331007 was observed between patients with an eGFR below or ≥ 60mL/min. For GS-331007, no relevant changes of trough levels were observed over time. Mean GS-331007 trough levels were 339.5±174.9 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR ≥ 60mL/min and 404.3±226 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR < 60mL/min at day 7 (p=0.52). At day 84, GS-331007 trough levels were 357.8±200.8 ng/mL and 404.2±70.2 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min and in patients with an eGFR < 60 mL/min, respectively (p=0.51). The accumulation ratios of renally eliminated GS-331007 for AUC and Cmax did not significantly differ between the two eGFR groups at day 7. An impaired eGFR (30-60 mL/min) does not lead to a dose accumulation of daclatasvir, sofosbuvir and GS-331007. This study provides the rationale for future studies investigating the pharmacokinetic profile of sofosbuvir based HCV treatment in kidney transplant recipients with an eGFR < 30 mL/min. KW - Mass-Spectrometry PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000000567 SN - 0163-4356 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 58 PB - Wolters Kluwer AN - OPUS4-46647 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Pfeifer, Dietmar A1 - Monte, Christian A1 - Pilz, Walter A1 - Hoffmann, Angelika A1 - Spieles, Monika A1 - Rurack, Knut A1 - Hollandt, J. A1 - Taubert, D. A1 - Schönenberger, B. A1 - Nording, P. T1 - Traceability in Fluorometry: Part II. Spectral Fluorescence Standards N2 - The need for the traceable characterization of fluorescence instruments is emphasized from a chemist’s point of view, focusing on spectral fluorescence standards for the determination of the wavelength- and polarization-dependent relative spectral responsivity and relative spectral irradiance of fluorescence measuring systems, respectively. In a first step, major sources of error of fluorescence measurements and instrument calibration are revealed to underline the importance of this issue and to illustrate advantages and disadvantages of physical and chemical transfer standards for generation of spectral correction curves. Secondly, examples for sets of traceable chemical emission and excitation standards are shown that cover a broad spectral region and simple procedures for the determination of corrected emission spectra with acceptable uncertainties are presented. With proper consideration of the respective measurement principle and geometry, these dye-based characterization procedures can be not only applied to spectrofluorometers but also to other types of fluorescence measuring systems and even to Raman spectrometers. KW - Fluorescence KW - Standard KW - Spectral correction KW - Emission KW - Excitation KW - Traceability PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-005-2629-9 SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 315 EP - 336 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-10824 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya A1 - Budau, J. H. A1 - Moldenhauer, Daniel A1 - Hermann, G. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Paulus, Beate A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Substitution pattern controlled aggregation-induced emission in donor-acceptor-donor dyes with one and two propeller-like triphenylamine donors N2 - We present a comparative study of the spectroscopic properties of the donor–acceptor–donor substituted dyes triphenylamine-allylidenemalononitrile-julolidine (TMJ) and triphenylamine-allylidenemalononitriletriphenylamine (TMT), bearing one and two propeller-like triphenylamine donor moieties, in solvents of varying polarity and viscosity and in the aggregated and solid state. Our results reveal control of the aggregation-induced spectroscopic changes and the packing motifs of the dye molecules in the solid state by the chemical nature and structure of the second nitrogen-containing donor, i.e., a planar and a rigid julolidine or a twisted triphenyl group. Assuming that the TMT and TMJ aggregates show a comparable arrangement of the molecules to the respective crystals, these different molecular interactions in the solid state are responsible for aggregation induced emission (AIE) in the case of TMT and its absence for TMJ. Moreover, a versatile strategy for the fluorescence enhancement of only weakly emissive AIE dyes is shown, turning these dyes into bright nanoscale fluorescent reporters by using them as stains for preformed polymer particles. KW - Nano KW - Nanoparticle KW - Photoluminescence KW - Fluorescence KW - Quantum yield KW - Photophysics KW - Lifetime KW - Sensor KW - Dye KW - Enhancement KW - Particle KW - Polarity KW - AIE KW - Aggregation KW - Aggregation-induced emission KW - Solid state emission PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp00413h VL - 22 IS - 25 SP - 14142 EP - 14154 AN - OPUS4-50967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kage, Daniel A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Wittkamp, M. A1 - Ameskamp, J. A1 - Göhde, W. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Luminescence lifetime encoding in time-domain flow cytometry N2 - Time-resolved flow cytometry represents an alternative to commonly applied spectral or intensity multiplexing in bioanalytics. At present, the vast majority of the reports on this topic focuses on phase-domain techniques and specific applications. In this report, we present a flow cytometry platform with time-resolved detection based on a compact setup and straightforward time-Domain measurements utilizing lifetime-encoded beads with lifetimes in the nanosecond range. We provide general assessment of time-domain flow cytometry and discuss the concept of this platform to address achievable resolution limits, data analysis, and requirements on suitable encoding dyes. Experimental data are complemented by numerical calculations on photon count numbers and impact of noise and measurement time on the obtained lifetime values. KW - Flow cytometry KW - Fluorescence KW - Life sciences KW - Lifetime encoding KW - Polymer particles PY - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-465765 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35137-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 16715, 1 EP - 11 PB - Nature CY - London AN - OPUS4-46576 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rietsch, P. A1 - Zeyat, M. A1 - Hübner, Oskar A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Kutter, M. A1 - Paskin, A. A1 - Uhlig, J. A1 - Lentz, D. A1 - Eigler, S. T1 - Substitution Pattern-Controlled Fluorescence Lifetimes of Fluoranthene Dyes N2 - The absorption and emission properties of organic dyes are generally tuned by altering the substitution pattern. However, tuning the fluorescence lifetimes over a range of several 10 ns while barely affecting the spectral features and maintaining a moderate fluorescence quantum yield is challenging. Such properties are required for lifetime multiplexing and barcoding applications. Here, we show how this can be achieved for the class of fluoranthene dyes, which have substitution-dependent lifetimes between 6 and 33 ns for single wavelength excitation and emission. We explore the substitution-dependent emissive properties in the crystalline solid state that would prevent applications. Furthermore, by analyzing dye mixtures and embedding the dyes in carboxyfunctionalized 8 μm-sized polystyrene particles, the unprecedented potential of these dyes as labels and encoding fluorophores for time-resolved fluorescence detection techniques is demonstrated. KW - Fluorescence KW - Label KW - Fluoranthene KW - Quantum yield KW - Reporter KW - Crystal KW - Encoding KW - Multiplexing KW - Particle KW - Bead KW - Lifetime KW - Dye KW - Barcoding PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08851 SN - 1520-5207 VL - 125 IS - 4 SP - 1207 EP - 1213 PB - American Chemical Society AN - OPUS4-52087 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Engel, A. A1 - Ottermann, C. A1 - Klahn, J. A1 - Korb, T. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Kynast, U. A1 - Rupertus, V. ED - Dan V. Nicolau, ED - Daniel L. Farkas, ED - Robert C. Leif, T1 - Anorganic fluorescence reference materials for decay time of fluorescence emission N2 - Fluorescence techniques are known for their high sensitivity and are widely used as analytical tools, detection methods and imaging applications for product and process control, material sciences, environmental and bio-technical analysis, molecular genetics, cell biology, medical diagnostics, and drug screening. According to DIN/ISO 17025 certified standards are used for steady state fluorescence diagnostics, a method having the drawback of giving relative values for fluorescence intensities only. Therefore reference materials for a quantitative characterization have to be related directly to the materials under investigation. In order to evaluate these figures it is necessary to calculate absolute numbers such as absorption/excitation cross sections and quantum yield. This has been done for different types of dopands in different materials such as glass, glass ceramics, crystals or nano crystalline material embedded in polymer matrices. Samples doped with several fluophores of different emission wavelengths and decay times are required for fluorescent multiplexing applications. Decay times shorter than 100 ns are of special interest. In addition, a proper knowledge is necessary of quantum efficiency in highly scattering media. Recently, quantum efficiency in YAG:Ce glass ceramics has been successfully investigated. Glass and glass ceramics doped with threefold charged rare earth elements are available. However, these samples have the disadvantage of emission decay times much longer than 1 microsecond, due to the excitation and emission of their optical forbidden electronic transitions. Therefore first attempts have been made to produce decay-time standards based on organic and inorganic fluophores. Stable LUMOGEN RED pigments and YAG:Ce phosphors are diluted simultaneously in silicone matrices using a wide range of concentrations between 0.0001 and 2 wt%. Organic LUMOGEN RED has decay times in the lower nanosecond range with a slight dependency on concentration and temperature. In addition, the well-known decay properties of inorganic YAG:Ce are observed also embedded in silicone matrix. Luminescent silicone layers are obtained with thicknesses between 150 and 300 m and no change of decay time, which has been determined to be between 60 and 62 ns. Finally, first results are shown for fluorescent CaF2:Pb glass ceramics embedded in a silicate glass matrix. Wavelength accuracy and lifetime are characterized for different environmental conditions such as temperature treatment and UV irradiation. Moreover, intensity patterns, e.g. line profiles and results, are discussed on homogeneity and photo and thermal stability, respectively. Fluorescence (steady state, decay time) and absorption (remission, absorption) spectroscopy are employed as diagnostic methods to get a microscopic view of the relevant physical processes. The work is funded by BMBF under project number 13N8849. KW - Fluorescence KW - Reference material KW - Glass KW - Glass ceramic KW - Phosphor KW - Doped glass and glass ceramics PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-8194-7034-8 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.767633 VL - 6859 SP - 68591A-1 - 68591A-10 PB - SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering CY - Bellingham, Wash. AN - OPUS4-19800 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Nietfeld, W. A1 - Engel, A. A1 - Neukammer, J. A1 - Nitschke, R. A1 - Ebert, B. A1 - Macdonald, R. T1 - How to Improve Quality Assurance in Fluorometry: Fluorescence-Inherent Sources of Error and Suited Fluorescence Standards N2 - The scope of this paper is to illustrate the need for an improved quality assurance in fluorometry. For this purpose, instrumental sources of error and their influences on the reliability and comparability of fluorescence data are highlighted for frequently used photoluminescence techniques ranging from conventional macro- and microfluorometry over fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to microarray technology as well as in vivo fluorescence imaging. Particularly, the need for and requirements on fluorescence standards for the characterization and performance validation of fluorescence instruments, to enhance the comparability of fluorescence data, and to enable quantitative fluorescence analysis are discussed. Special emphasis is dedicated to spectral fluorescence standards and fluorescence intensity standards. KW - Fluorescence KW - Standard KW - Calibration KW - Microarray KW - In vivo imaging KW - Flow cytometry PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-005-2630-3 SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 337 EP - 362 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-10823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Laux, Eva-Maria A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Peters, S. A1 - Haueisen, J. A1 - Klemm, M. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Simple approaches to fluorescence lifetime standards using dye-quencher pairs N2 - Photoluminescence techniques are amongst the most widely used tools in the material and life sciences, with new and exciting applications continuously emerging. Advantages include their comparative ease of use, unique sensitivity, non-invasive character, and potential for multiplexing, remote sensing, and miniaturization. Increasing applications of fluorescence techniques in the life sciences and emerging medical applications of fluorescence microscopic techniques including 1P and 2P fluorescence microscopy combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) in e.g. in vivo eye diagnostics boosted the demand for robust, easy-to-use, and reliable fluorescence standards to ensure the reliability and comparability of fluorescence data. This includes fluorescence standards for the consideration of instrument-specific spectral and intensity distortions of measured signals and instrument performance validation, fluorescence intensity standards for the quantification of measured intensities and for signal referencing, and lately, also fluorescence lifetime standards. T2 - BMT 2012 - 46. DGBMT Jahrestagung CY - Jena, Germany DA - 16.09.2012 PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2012-4499 SN - 0013-5585 SN - 1862-278X VL - 57 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 613 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27682 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angeli, J. A1 - Bengtson, A. A1 - Bogaerts, A. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Steers, E. T1 - Glow discharge optical emission spectrometry: moving towards reliable tion film analysis - a short review N2 - Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) is briefly reviewed, with particular reference to topics relevant to the application field of near surface and thin film analysis. The special needs and requirements for thin film analysis, in contrast to coating and bulk analysis, are pointed out. A task list is developed which shows the requirements of further developments to the technique and the fundamentals. The state-of-the-art is presented in measurement technique, GD source control and design, the effect of traces of molecular gases, correction and quantification procedures, contributions of modelling and, finally, reference materials for thin film analysis. PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b301293j SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 18 IS - 6 SP - 670 EP - 679 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-2533 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -