TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Brademann-Jock, Kerstin A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Characterisation of plasma polymers by thermoluminescence N2 - Thin plasma polymer films were deposited using the pulsed plasma mode. These plasma polymers should possess a more regular structure than those produced by the conventional continuous-wave (cw) mode, because of lower monomer fragmentation caused by the plasma pulses and the chemical chain propagation during the plasmaless (free!) periods. The thermoluminescence method was applied to functional groups carrying plasma polymer layers which are used in medical technology. Examples are formation of biocompatible, biosensoric and bioactive coatings or in metal polymer composites such as adhesion-promoting interlayers. In addition to the use of the conventional X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for thin film characterization, the new method of thermoluminescence was applied to characterize undesired defects and structural specifics produced in the polymer films by pp or cw plasma mode. The main areas of focus were oxygen-containing groups produced by post-plasma oxygen introduction via auto-oxidation, oxidation of implemented unsaturations and trapped radical sites known as typical irregular structures in plasma polymers. KW - Plasma polymers KW - Thermoluminescence KW - Structure KW - Defects KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Continuous-wave plasma PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.12.003 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 201 IS - 3-4 SP - 543 EP - 552 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-12818 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Mutlu, M. T1 - Adhesion between metal atoms and polymer surfaces fitted with different types and variable density of functional groups T2 - 3rd workshop COST 527 CY - Antalya, Turkey DA - 2004-10-07 KW - Peel strength KW - Aluminium KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Allyl alcohol KW - Allylamine KW - Acrylic acid PY - 2005 SN - 975-491194-0 SP - 106 EP - 114 PB - Hacettepe Univ. Press CY - Ankara AN - OPUS4-11042 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface analysis of plasma-deposited polymer films by Time of Flight Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) before and after exposure to ambient air N2 - Pulsed plasma deposited styrene and ethylene films were studied by Time of Flight Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SSIMS) before and after exposure to ambient air. The influence of the external plasma parameters on the secondary ion mass spectra of plasma deposited films was investigated. Approaches for the interpretation of SSIMS spectra of organic materials were reviewed and applied to the evaluation of SSIMS data of plasma deposited films. From these data, information on the chemical character of the plasma deposited films was derived. When the plasma polymers are exposed to air oxygen incorporation occurs. The oxygen uptake is high at the beginning and then it levels of. A relation that “higher the regularity of the film lower is the oxygen uptake” was found. Harder plasma conditions, which could be obtained by applying higher plasma power or lower monomer flow rate, result in higher oxygen uptake and vice versa. KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyethylene (PE) KW - Polystyrene (PS) KW - SIMS KW - Ageing PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.032 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 200 IS - 1-4 SP - 463 EP - 467 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-11044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Study of influence of external plasma parameters on plasma polymerised films prepared from organic molecules (acrylic acid, allyl alcohol, allyl amine) using XPS and NEXAFS N2 - Plasma polymerised films of acrylic acid, allyl alcohol and allyl amine were prepared and studied by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy). The influence of external plasma parameters on certain chemical aspects of the films was investigated. The use of XPS and NEXAFS (near edge X-ray absorption fine structure) as complimentary tools in the surface characterisation of thin films has been highlighted. Certain chemical aspects of the plasma polymerised films such as presence of ROCdouble bond; length as m-dashO in the case of plasma polymerised acrylic acid films, presence of RCdouble bond; length as m-dashO and RC–OR bonds in case of plasma polymerised allyl alcohol films and presence of RCdouble bond; length as m-dashN and C?N in case of plasma polymerised allyl amine films were studied. The concentration of ROCdouble bond; length as m-dashO species was found to decrease with increase in r.f. duty cycle in the case of plasma polymerised acrylic acid films. In case of plasma polymerised allyl alcohol films there is a decrease in the concentration of RCdouble bond; length as m-dashO species and increase in the concentration of RC–OR species at higher pressures, while in the case of plasma polymerised allyl amine films the concentration of RCdouble bond; length as m-dashN and C?N increases at higher powers, with an increase in C?N more pronounced at higher powers. KW - Plasma polymerization KW - NEXAFS KW - XPS KW - Plasma parameter PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.083 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 200 IS - 1-4 SP - 494 EP - 497 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-11045 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grytsenko, K. P. A1 - Capobianchi, A. A1 - Convertino, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Ksensov, V. A1 - Schrader, S. ED - Iwamori, S. T1 - Polymer-metal nanocomposite thin film prepared by co-evaporation in a vacuum PY - 2005 SN - 81-7736276-3 SP - 85 EP - 109 PB - Research Signpost CY - Trivandrum, Kerala AN - OPUS4-11225 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Contribution of chemical interactions between Al atoms and different types of functional groups to the adhesion of Al-polymer systems T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Adhesion Aspects of Thin Films CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 2003-12-15 KW - Al-functional group interactions KW - Adhesion-promoting plasma polymer layers KW - Pulsed plasma polymerization PY - 2005 SN - 90-6764-421-8 VL - 2 SP - 123 EP - 144 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-11156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, K.P. A1 - Lytvyn, P. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Schrader, S. T1 - Influence of plasma discharge on the structure of polytetrafluoroethylene film and step coverage on polymer substrate N2 - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films have been deposited onto polycarbonate (PC) substrates from the products of PTFE evaporation, activated by a cloud of accelerated electrons. A 40.68 MHz glow discharge was used during the deposition process. The polymer films have been characterised by XPS, FTIR and AFM. The use of the low power plasma during film growth led to the formation of PTFE films with modified structure. Films are amorphous and contain more cross-links, but in general, the structure of their macromolecules is still linear. An increase of RF-power leads to the formation of films with large amount of double bonds and enhanced internal stresses. Deposition of PTFE on PC without plasma treatment led to the formation of PTFE clusters up to 50 nm in diameter. The RMS roughness of the films, deposited without plasma, was about 4 nm, while the films deposited with plasma treatment had a roughness of 1.5 nm. The use of plasma has an additional effect if a PTFE coating is deposited on the PC substrate with submicrometer-sized steps. Without plasma the steps retain a rectangular shape. Deposited with the RF-discharge the PTFE layers resemble plasma-polymerised films. Under certain conditions the deposited films can fill trenches in the substrate like a wetting liquid, while under other conditions they avoid trenches and grow in between them. KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene KW - PTFE KW - Vacuum deposition KW - Plasma KW - Discharge KW - Film PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.09.029 SN - 0928-4931 SN - 1873-0191 VL - 27 IS - 5-8 SP - 1227 EP - 1231 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-14014 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Static ToF-SIMS analysis of plasma chemically deposited ethylene/allyl alcohol co-polymer films N2 - A plasma co-polymerization of ethylene as a “chain extending” monomer and allyl alcohol as a carrier monomer for hydroxyl groups was studied. The composition of the feed gas was systematically varied and the plasma co-polymers were analyzed in terms of their relative concentrations of OH functional groups by static Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) immediately after their preparation without any air contact, i.e., under so called “in situ” conditions. The relative OH group concentration involved in the –CH2–OH groups was derived from the normalized yields of the CH3O+ secondary fragment ion. The density of functional groups in the plasma co-polymers was found to vary non-linearly with respect to the mole percentage of the monomers in the feed gas. Co-polymerization phenomena, i.e. chemical interactions and recombination reactions taking place between monomer molecules in the plasma and/or during the deposition process, become evident in ToF-SIMS spectra. KW - Plasma deposition KW - ToF-SIMS KW - Plasma co-polymerization KW - Ethylene KW - Allyl alcohol PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.089 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 252 IS - 19 SP - 6588 EP - 6590 PB - North-Holland CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-13724 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeylanov, E. B. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Antioxidant Properties of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: First Measurements Using a Model Oxidative Reaction N2 - The potential use of date palm mesh fibres (DPMF) as natural reinforcement for polymeric matrices is investigated. DPMF were chemically cleaned using sodium hydroxide, carbon tetrachloride, a detergent, and an alcoholic mixture of toluene, methanol and ac... PY - 2006 SN - 0967-3911 SN - 1478-2391 VL - 14 IS - 8 SP - 779 EP - 785 PB - RAPRA Technology Ltd. CY - Shrewsbury AN - OPUS4-14237 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Anti-Radical Activity of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes in Reactions of Radical Polymerization and Polymer Thermal/Thermo-Oxidative Degradation PY - 2007 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 49 IS - 5 SP - 265 EP - 270 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-14806 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Swaraj, Sufal A1 - Oran, Umut A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Surface Chemical Analysis of Plasma-Deposited Copolymer Films Prepared from Feed Gas Mixtures of Ethylene or Styrene with Allyl Alcohol N2 - Plasma deposited styrene/allyl alcohol and ethylene/allyl alcohol copolymer films were prepared and characterized using XPS, NEXAFS and ToF-SIMS. The relative partial flow rates of the co-monomers are used as deposition process parameters to vary and all other process parameters were constrained to conditions optimized for retention of functional groups. By doing this it is possible to control certain chemical properties of the copolymer films such as unsaturation, oxygen and hydroxyl group relative surface contents. The aging behavior of the plasma copolymer films on air was studied, too. Non-linear variations of relative oxygen contents, contents of C—OR species and contents of carbonyl species are obtained vs. variation of feed gas composition for both monomer combinations. The chemical character of the plasma copolymer films varies between the limits given by the respective plasma homopolymers. The observed non-linear correlations are discussed in terms of approaches developed for classic radical copolymerization. The aging behavior of the different plasma copolymers films depends on the feed gas composition. Principally these aging phenomena known from plasma polymer aging studies of that respective monomer which dominates the character of the plasma copolymer are observed. KW - Plasma polymers KW - Plasma copolymers KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Allyl alcohol KW - ESCA/XPS KW - Plasma polymerization KW - ToF-SIMS PY - 2007 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 376 EP - 389 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-14846 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasmachemische Polymer-Oberflächenmodifizierung für haftfeste Metall-Polymer-Verbunde T2 - 13. Workshop Oberflächentechnologie mit Plasma- und Ionenstrahlprozessen CY - Klingenthal, Germany DA - 2006-03-14 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-15349 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Aspects of amino functionalization of polypropylene surfaces for adhesion promotion of thermally-evaporated copper films KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization KW - Gas discharge KW - Grafting KW - Amino groups KW - Copper KW - Metallization KW - Adhesion PY - 2007 SN - 978-90-6764-455-6 SN - 90-6764-455-2 VL - 3 SP - 177 EP - 198 PB - VSP CY - Leiden AN - OPUS4-15733 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Mittmann, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasmabromination - the Selective Way to Monotype Functionalized Polymer Surfaces N2 - In contrast to other plasma modification processes of polymer surfaces, the bromination is very selective and shows a high yield in C—Br groups. The most convenient bromination process was found using bromoform, which was thus preferred to elemental bromine, allyl bromide, vinyl bromide or tert-butylbromide. The bromoform process give yields in C—Br up to 40 C—Br or more, with only 2-3% co-introduction of O-functionalities whereas allyl bromide results in yields of about 20 C—Br and more, but in more than 10% oxygen-containing by-products. C—Br groups serve as anchoring points for grafting of molecules, oligomers and pre-polymers of diole or diamine character. KW - Functional groups KW - Grafting KW - Plasma bromination KW - Polymer surfaces KW - Selective plasma process KW - Spacer PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200700019 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 4 IS - 9 SP - 832 EP - 839 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-16209 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yin, Huajie A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Influence of differently structured aluminium-polypropylene interfaces on adhesion N2 - Polar groups were introduced on polypropylene surfaces for increasing the surface energy and the peel strength to evaporated aluminium layers. Three kinds of plasma processes were used for introducing such functional groups to polyolefin surfaces: low-pressure radio-frequency (RF) O2 plasma exposure, atmospheric-pressure dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) treatment in air, and the deposition of allylamine plasma polymer. The amino groups of the allylamine plasma polymer were also used as anchoring points for chemical introduction of covalently bonded spacer molecules equipped with reactive endgroups. Thus, silanol endgroups of a covalently bonded spacer were able to interact with the evaporated metal layer. The Al-PP composites achieved a maximal peel strength of 470 N/m by exposing the polymer to the lowpressure O2 plasma and 500 N/m on exposure to the atmospheric DBD plasma. After allylamine plasma polymerization and grafting of spacers, the peel strength was usually higher than 1500 N/m and the composites could not be peeled. KW - Polypropylene KW - Low-pressure RF oxygen plasma KW - Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) KW - Pulsed plasma polymerization KW - Surface wettability KW - Peel strength PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1163/016942410X511132 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 25 IS - 8 SP - 799 EP - 818 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-23990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Min, Hyegeun A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Significance of hydrogen-deuterium exchange at polyolefin surfaces on exposure to ammonia low-pressure plasma N2 - Since more than 40 years ammonia plasma exposure of polyolefins is used for introduction of primary amino groups. The selectivity of this reaction and the yield in primary amino groups was found to be low. Here, a prominent side-reactions of this process was investigated, the hydrogenation by NH3 plasma. For identification of hydrogenation ammonia (NH3) and deuterated ammonia (ND3) were exposed to Polyethylene (h-PE) and fully deuterated polyethylene (d-PE) as well as hexatriacontane (h-HTC) and fully deuterated hexatriacontane (d-HTC) as low-molecular weight model for PE. H–D exchange was assumed and detected by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR) and 1H and 2H Nuclear magnetic Resonance. Results show a significant H–D exchange within the sampling depth of ATR (2.5 µm). However, N- and NH2 introduction was limited to the topmost surface as shown by SIMS and XPS (a few nanometers). KW - Deuterated ammonia KW - Ammonia plasma KW - Deuterated polyolefins KW - Hexatriacontane KW - H-D exchange PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-011-9304-5 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 551 EP - 572 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-24178 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Mechanisms of plasma polymerization - reviewed from a chemical point of view N2 - Several reaction mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of plasma polymers, such as monomer fragmentation followed by poly-recombination into randomly structured and crosslinked films; fragmentation, accompanied by the formation of acetylene or other film-forming intermediates and deposition of polystyrene-like material; plasma-initiation of a radical chain-growth polymerization; and ion-molecule reactions, as well as ionic chain-growth polymerization. The bulk structure of plasma polymers is completely irregular, far from that of conventional polymers. The retention of functional groups during plasma polymerization tends to be greater than that of the entire monomer structure found again as an intact repeat unit in the resulting plasma polymer. An alternative method for depositing ultra-thin, pin-hole free coatings, ones that possess regular structures, is by electrospray ionization (ESI) of pre-fabricated polymers. KW - Fragmentation-recombination KW - Mechanism KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Pulsed plasma KW - Structure of plasma polymers PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100038 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 8 IS - 9 SP - 783 EP - 802 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-24502 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Reichert, T. T1 - New ways for early detection of polymer ageing N2 - Photo-oxidative ageing of polymers under defined exposure (UV, humidity) was investigated from two points of view: a) the ageing process Starts from the topmost surface and penetrates slowly towards bulk and b) radicals play an important role among ageing. Therefore, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy were applied to show both, the progressive incorporation of oxygen during in-situ UV irradiation (XPS) and the formation of radicals (ESR) in the polymer. The intensity of ESR Signals served as measure for radical concentration. The Validation of this correlation was checked for polyethylenes (PE) equipped with different concentrations of Hostavin N30 UV stabilizer. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 157 EP - 163 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Reichert, T. T1 - Influence of UV weathering and humidity on surface & bulk properties of LDPE N2 - The outdoor weathering of polymers is mainly due to UV radiation, water, Pollution, humidity, temperature etc. To understand the effects of weathering, simulated tests need to be undertaken in lab scale. Such tests must be quite efficient and similar to the effects of natural weathering. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of UV radiation along with humidity on LDPE. T2 - 5th European weathering symposium - Natural and artificial ageing of polymers CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 21.09.2011 KW - LDPE KW - UV weathering KW - Humidity PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-9813136-2-8 N1 - Serientitel: CEEES Publication – Series title: CEEES Publication IS - 15 SP - 211 EP - 218 PB - GUS (Gesellschaft für Umweltsimulation) CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-24536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grytsenko, K. P. A1 - Kolomzarov, Y. A1 - Lytvyn, O. A1 - Strelchuk, V. A1 - Ksianzou, V. A1 - Schrader, S. A1 - Beyer, H. A1 - Servet, B. A1 - Enouz-Vedrenne, S. A1 - Garry, G. A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Metal-filled polytetrafluoroethylene nanostructered thin film N2 - Thin metal-filled polyterafluoroethylene films with various metal concentration were produced by co-deposition in vacuum. Metal nanocluster size increased with metal concentration. Films were heated up to 300 degrees C, their optical spectra were recorded during heating. The changes in plasmon band shape and wavelength of the nanocluster ensemble during heating are not linearly related with metal concentration and heating temperature. This is caused by different thermal behavior of the complex processes, which are taking place in each of the two materials present in the film. The metal cluster size and optical properties of the whole ensemble can be purposefully formed by varying metal nature, its concentration and annealing temperature of the film. Nano- and micro-domains with properties different from original film were generated by focused excimer laser or electron beam. Gold-filled PTFE nano-structured films were used as substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering measurements of ultrathin film of Rhodamine 6G dye. KW - Gold nanoparticles KW - Arrays KW - SERS PY - 2010 UR - http://openurl.ingenta.com/content?genre=article&issn=1936-6612&volume=3&issue=3&spage=308&epage=312 DO - https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2010.1127 SN - 1936-6612 SN - 1936-7317 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 308 EP - 312 PB - American Scientific Publ. CY - Stevenson Ranch, Calif. AN - OPUS4-23957 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Improvement of adhesivity of polypropylene by its surface modification using the aerosol dielectric barrier discharge N2 - Plasma processes are used in many fields of Science and technology. While a plasma oxygen treatment produces a broad variety of different oxygen-containing functional groups, tailored - surface functionalisation demands preset functional groups in known concentration. Due to the fact that most of plasma experiments need expensive vacuum equipment increased efforts are to observe to apply atmospheric pressure plasma processes. Thus, Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) and corona treatment of polymer foils have a long tradilion in industry to modify them for printing, laminating, adhesion promotion, etc. Thercibre, increasing interest is observed to make these atmospheric pressure processes more effeclive. Newly developed methods like plasma-printing were used for surfaces in biological and medical applications or for printed circuits. T2 - ADHESION `11 - 11th Triennial conference on the science and technology of adhesion and adhesives CY - York, UK DA - 07.09.2011 PY - 2011 SP - 253 EP - 256 AN - OPUS4-24337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Ziemann, Sylvia A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar T1 - Plasmabromierung von graphitischen Materialien - Kovalente Anbindung organischer Moleküle N2 - Die hochselektive und ausbeutereiche plasmachemische Bromierung von Polyolefinoberflächen wurde auf graphitische Materialien übertragen. Oberflächen von graphenartigem Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG), natürlichem Graphit, mehrwandige Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (MWCNT) sowie Kohlenstoff-Fasern wurden im Bromdampfplasma behandelt. Während die Bromierung von Polyolefinoberflächen als radikalische Wasserstoffabstraktion mit nachfolgender Addition (Rekombination) oder durch nucleophile Substitution an sp³-hybridisierten C-Atomen abläuft, können graphitische Strukturen sowohl an sp³-hybridisierten Strukturdefekten als auch durch elektrophile Addition an vollständig C-substituierte aromatische Doppelbindungen bromiert werden. Dabei werden die planaren (graphitischen) sp²-C-Atome in die tetraedrische sp³-Hybridisierung umgewandelt und zu elektrisch nichtleitenden Strukturen gefaltet. Die maximalen Bromausbeuten bei Verwendung von Brom als Plasmamedium lagen je nach Substrat zwischen 10–50% Br/C, mit Bromoform deutlich darüber, was durch Kombinationen von Bromoform mit Brom oder Allylbromid mit Bromoform durch Schichtbildung auf über 70% Br/C gesteigert werden konnte. An die C-Br-Gruppen wurden nasschemisch verschiedene Amine nucleophil gepfropft. Die Pfropfausbeuten von 1–10 Moleküle je 100 C lagen deutlich niedriger als die erreichten Pfropfgrade von etwa 1–22 Moleküle je 100 C-Atome an Polyolefinoberflächen. Da nach der chemischen Pfropfung nahezu alle nichtgepfropften Br-Gruppen verschwunden waren, muss auf eine bevorzugte Rekonstruktion der planaren sp²-Graphitschicht geschlossen werden. KW - Polymerbromierung PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201200481 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 29 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25518 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - The plasma chemistry of polymer surfaces - Advanced techniques for surface design KW - Plasma chemistry KW - Polymer surfaces PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-527-31853-7 SP - 1 EP - 466 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25920 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Ibrahimov, H.J. A1 - Nasibova, G.G. T1 - 1Brominated carbon nanotubes as effective catalysts for petroleum hydrocarbons aerobic oxidation KW - Katalyse KW - Paraffinoxidation PY - 2012 SN - 0342-5622 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 48 PB - Urban-Verl. CY - Hamburg; Wien AN - OPUS4-25636 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ibrahimov, H.C. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Ismailov, E.H. A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Aliyeva, A. Z. A1 - Seidov, M.I. A1 - Rustamov, M.I. T1 - Thermal and magnetic peculiarities of metal-containing carbon nano-phase formed in the reaction of fine-dispersed aluminium with dichlorethane in paraffin medium N2 - Electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy, X-ray-fluorescent microscopy (XFM) and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) are used to characterize the carbon nano-phase obtained in the reaction between fine-dispersed aluminium and dichlorethane in the liquid paraffin medium and its modified with Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) chlorides forms were studied. It was shown that the solid nano-structured functionalized carbon systems containing metals possess specific magnetic and thermal properties. Key parameters of the process, influencing on the size and structure of the formed carbon nano-phase were determined. Results and regularities established in this work create presumably the certain basis for optimization of physical and chemical properties of similar systems. KW - Aluminium KW - Dichlorethane KW - Carbon nanostructure KW - Magnetic KW - Thermal properties PY - 2012 SN - 2161-6213 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 196 EP - 202 PB - David publishing CY - Libertyville, Illinois, USA AN - OPUS4-25639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Surface and bulk structure of thin spin coated and plasma-polymerized polystyrene films N2 - Polystyrene (PS) spin coated thin films were modified by O2 and Ar plasma as well as by UV irradiation treatments. The modified PS samples were compared with plasma polymerized and commercial polystyrene. The effects of plasma (O2 and Ar) and UV irradiation treatments on the surface and the bulk properties of the polymer layers were discussed. The surface properties were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Contact angle measurements and the bulk properties were investigated by FTIR and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. As a result only one second treatment time was sufficient to modify the surface. However, this study was also dedicated to understand the effect of plasma and plasma irradiation on the deposited layers of plasma polymers. The dielectric measurements showed that the plasma deposited films were not thermally stable and underwent an undesired post-plasma chemical oxidation. KW - Surface and bulk characterization KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polystyrene KW - Surface modification KW - Thermal stability KW - Plasma polymers PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-012-9372-1 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 767 EP - 780 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-26264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Degradation behavior of thin polystyrene films on exposure to Ar plasma and its emitted radiation N2 - Spin-coated films of amorphous polystyrene (PS) were exposed to argon plasma for a few seconds to several minutes. The PS film was either in direct contact with the plasma or was shielded from the direct plasma contact by filters with different cutoff wavelengths in the vacuum UV region or by a Faraday cage (FC) made from metal mesh to prevent the impinging of charged species. Only energy-rich neutrals and plasma radiation may be operative in presence of the FC. lithium fluoride (LiF) filter protects the sample from direct contact with the plasma. Wavelengths of plasma radiation shorter than c. 105 nm (≈ 11.8 eV) were cut off. Glass filters made of fused SiO2 have a cutoff at λ ≈175?nm completely the vacuum UV radiation of plasma (ca. 175 nm ≈ 7.0 eV). These energies are sufficient to produce C–C, C–H bond scissions in case of direct Ar plasma exposure and Ar plasma exposure with use of the LiF filter. Only quartz glass shielding did not produce significant effects on the polymer surface in comparison to the reference PS, either in surface energy or O/C ratio or in IR spectra. Oxygen plasma has worked most aggressive and had etched the PS film, thus establishing a steady state between introduction of new oxygen functionalities and polymer etching. Ar plasma exposure produces also oxidation and etching of the polymer films as the oxygen plasma. Using of a FC during Ar plasma exposure or the LiF filter a slightly weaker oxidation was observed. KW - Polystyrene KW - Plasma treatment KW - Plasma emitted radiation KW - Degradation KW - Thin films PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.705528 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 324 EP - 338 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-26315 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure property relationship of plasma polymer films - Plasma polymerization, plasma treatment and characterization methods PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-8443-2096-1 SP - 1 EP - 160 PB - Lambert academic publishing AN - OPUS4-25390 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure of plasma-deposited copolymer films prepared from acrylic acid and styrene: Part II variation of the comonomer ratio N2 - Copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene (AA/S) were prepared by pulsed plasma deposition technique. Their structure–property relationships were studied in dependence on the comonomer ratio. Both, the regularity of the structure and the composition of the thin copolymer films were investigated by bulk-sensitive (dielectric spectroscopy, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry) as well as surface-sensitive methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For an unambiguous identification of the functionality of the deposited films the COOH groups were estimated by derivatization with trifluoroethanol and subsequent XPS measurement as well as by the quantitative analysis of the FTIR data. As a result, the concentration of COOH groups on the surface and in the bulk is increasing with the fraction of AA in precursor mixture in a non-monotonous way but similar to the dependence obtained by conventional free radical polymerization. KW - Acrylic acid-styrene copolymer KW - Bulk properties KW - Dielectric properties KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201200110 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 10 IS - 9 SP - 750 EP - 760 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-29096 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Reaction of water with (radicals in) plasma polymerized allyl alcohol (and formation of OH-rich polymer layers) N2 - The pulsed plasma polymerization of allyl alcohol was employed under the aspect of maximal retention of OH groups and the formation of a regular polymer structure. It should be noted that earlier investigations on plasma polymers deposited from allyl alcohol did not show extensive postplasma addition of oxygen and water vapor from ambient air during storage, measuring the elemental O/C ratio by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The identification of OH groups in the plasma polymerized polymer using FTIR spectroscopy was such an indicator for fragmentation. The peak area of OH groups in the film which was stored was increased by about 20% compared to that measured ('in situ'). These phenomenons reflected that moisture and O2 in air played an important role in scavenging the free radicals. The addition of water and more specifically chemical bonding of OH of water in the deposited plasma polymer may serve as an indicator for monomer fragmentation, poly recombination, and the remaining radicals responsible for film formation. Moreover, the dielectric measurements show that the plasma deposited films are not thermally stable but undergo a postplasma chemical reaction during heating, where the reaction kinetics depends on pressure. PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp406186x SN - 1520-6106 SN - 1520-5207 SN - 1089-5647 VL - 117 IS - 36 SP - 10603 EP - 10611 PB - Soc. CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-29105 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mohamed, Zeinab A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Deposition of thick polymer or inorganic layers with flame-retardant properties by combination of plasma and spray processes N2 - Mixtures of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and oxygen have been used for deposition of SiO2-like layers by plasma polymerization under low-pressure conditions onto polyethylene and polystyrene used as basecoat. Water glass was cast onto these 0.5 pm plasma thick siloxane-like layers with a thickness of 5 to 40 mu m. The adhesion of these bilayer systems and their flame resistance were tested. The effect of different plasma parameters such as monomer/gas ratio, pressure and power input into the discharge on the deposition rate and the composition of the formed layers was studied. Characterization and chemical composition of the formed films were performed using infrared, X-ray photoelectron and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Peel strengths of composites were measured and the locus of peel front propagation was detected. Thermal properties of composites were analyzed by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Finally, the fire-retardant properties of thick coated polymers were determined by exposure to flames and the behavior of coatings on the polymers during flaming was observed visually. T2 - 3. Magdeburger Brand- und Explosionsschutztag / vfdb-Workshop CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 21.03.2013 KW - Polymer KW - Plasmatechnologie KW - Analytik PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-00-041601-9 SP - 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-27988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Plasma bromination of HOPG surfaces: a NEXAFS and synchrotron XPS study N2 - Br bonding on plasma brominated graphite surfaces has been studied by using Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Br2 and bromoform were used as plasma gases in an r.f. cw low pressure plasma process. Kr plasma had been used to study separately the physical and chemical plasma etching effects. At early steps of plasma bromination which lead to only small XPS Br surface concentration values a quick decay of aromaticity has been observed. At low Br surface concentration radical or even electrophilic addition of bromine onto sp2 carbon atoms is discussed as the dominating reaction pathway. At higher Br surface concentrations the inherent formation of sp3 defects in the graphene network by chemical etching processes promotes nucleophilic substitution of bromine at sp3 carbons as a competing reaction pathway. Both reaction pathways lead to C–Br species characterized by the same Br 3d XPS binding energy. However more than one Br 3d component in XP spectra has been found at lower Br2 plasma induced Br surface concentrations and complexation of bromine at HOPG is assumed as a third way of interaction with Br2 plasma. KW - HOPG KW - Graphite KW - Plasma bromination KW - Low pressure plasma KW - NEXAFS KW - XPS PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2013.01.020 SN - 0039-6028 VL - 611 SP - L1 EP - L7 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-27928 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Inagaki, N. ED - Thomas, M. ED - Mittal, K.L. T1 - Permanence of functional groups at polyolefin surfaces introduced by dielectric barrier discharge pretreatment in presence of aerosols N2 - A convenient way to overcome the chemical inertness of polyolefin surfaces is to expose them to the atmospheric air plasma of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). To improve the efficiency in formation of polar groups at the polyolefin surface, different liquids such as water and ethanol were sprayed as aerosol into the plasma zone between the powered electrode and the polyolefin surface. Both sprayed liquids as well as the polyolefin surface were simultaneously activated; thus, the formation of different functional groups at the polyolefin surface was realized. The type of aerosol-sprayed additive, exposure time, power etc. have been found to determine the efficiency with respect to introduction of polar groups. KW - PE KW - PP KW - Surface modification KW - Aerosol-assisted DBD PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-118-59621-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118747308.ch4 N1 - Serientitel: Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and applied aspects – Series title: Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and applied aspects IS - Part 1 / Chapter 4 SP - 131 EP - 156 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-28657 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate T1 - Combination of plasma-chemical and wet-chemical processes - a simple way to optimize interfaces in metal-polymer composites for maximal adhesion N2 - Different surface treatments of polypropylene (PP) were tested to improve the peel strength of aluminium-PP systems. Plasma exposure followed by chemical grafting of spacers with -SiOH endgroups and thin adhesion promoting layers deposited by aerosol-assisted DBD using aqu. solutions of classic polymers were compared. Both methods were effective, however, –SiOH terminated spacers effected no peeling also after ageing. T2 - ISPC 21 - 21st International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry CY - Cairns, QLD, Australia DA - 02.08.2013 KW - Adhesion polypropylene-aluminium KW - Tailored interface structures KW - Aerosol-assisted DBD PY - 2013 SP - Paper 549, 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-28661 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeynalov, Eldar A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Nuriyev, L. A1 - Aliyeva, A. Z. A1 - Cherepnova, Y. T1 - Plasma-chemically brominated single-walled carbon nanotubes as novel catalysts for oil hydrocarbons aerobic oxidation N2 - Brominated single-walled carbon nanotubes [(Br)n-SWCNT) produced by the plasma-chemical technique were involved in the liquid-phase process of hydrocarbons aerobic oxidation. The significant catalytic effect of the (Br)n-SWCNT was revealed at first by the cumene initiated model oxidation and then in experiments on profound aerobic oxidation of petroleum naphthenic fraction derived from the commercial Azerbaijan (Baku) oils blend diesel cut. The ability of (Br)n-SWCNT to accelerate the aerobic oxidation of the hydrocarbons was found out for the first time. Obviously this phenomenon originates from the peculiarities of electronic configuration of the (Br)n-CNT patterns. The plausible mechanism of (Br)n-SWCNT catalytic action is inclined to the formation of reactive oxygen species. The catalytic activity of (Br)n-SWCNT markedly exceeds the activity of the industrial catalysts, manganese salt of indigenous petroleum acids, used for the liquid phase petroleum hydrocarbons oxidation process. KW - Brominated carbon nanotubes KW - Plasma-chemical technique KW - Model cumene oxidation KW - Oxidation rate KW - Oxidation catalysts KW - Oil hydrocarbons liquid-phase oxidation KW - Manganese naphthenate KW - Synthetic petroleum acids PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2013.01.003 SN - 0926-860X SN - 1873-3875 VL - 454 SP - 115 EP - 118 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-28290 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohamed, Zeinab A1 - Krüger, Simone A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Schimanski, A. A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Deposition of thick polymer or inorganic layers with flame-retardant properties by combination of plasma and spray processes N2 - Mixtures of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and oxygen have been used for deposition of SiO2-like layers by plasma polymerization under low-pressure conditions onto polyethylene and polystyrene used as basecoat. Water glass was cast onto these 0.5 µm plasma thick siloxane-like layers with a thickness of 5 to 40 µm. The adhesion of these bilayer systems and their flame resistance were tested. The effect of different plasma parameters such as monomer/gas ratio, pressure and power input into the discharge on the deposition rate and the composition of the formed layers was studied. Characterization and chemical composition of the formed films were performed using infrared, X-ray photoelectron and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Peel strengths of composites were measured and the locus of peel front propagation was detected. Thermal properties of composites were analyzed by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Finally, the fire-retardant properties of thick coated polymers were determined by exposure to flames and the behavior of coatings on the polymers during flaming was observed visually. KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Hexamethyldisiloxane plasma polymer KW - Polystyrene KW - Polyethylene KW - Flame retardancy PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.04.039 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 228 SP - 266 EP - 274 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-28735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krishna-Subramanian, S. T1 - Surface modification of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene membranes using underwater plasma polymerization N2 - Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene membranes were modified and subsequently polymer coated using the underwater plasma produced by glow discharge electrolysis. This plasma pretreatment generated various O-functional groups among them OH groups have dominated. This modified inner (pore) surface of membranes showed complete wetting and strong adhesion to a hydrogel copolymerized by glow discharge electrolysis also. The deposited hydrogel consists of plasma polymerized acrylic acid crosslinked by copolymerization with the bifunctional N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). Tuning the hydrogel hydrophilicity and bio-compatibility poly(ethylene glycol) was chemically inserted into the copolymer. Such saturated polymer could only be inserted on a non-classic way by (partial) fragmentation and recombination thus demonstrating the exotic properties of the underwater plasma. The modification of membrane was achieved by squeezing the reactive plasma solution into the pores by plasma-induced shock waves and supported by intense stirring. The deposited copolymer hydrogel has filled all pores also in the inner of membrane as shown by scanning electron microscopy of cross-sections. The copolymer shows the characteristic units of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol as demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy. A minimum loss in carboxylic groups of acrylic acid during the plasma polymerization process was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additional cell adhesion tests on copolymer coated polyethylene using IEC-6 cells demonstrated the bio-compatibility of the plasma-deposited hydrogel. KW - Glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) KW - UHMWPE membrane KW - Pore modification KW - Adhesion KW - Copolymer hydrogel PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-013-9476-2 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 921 EP - 940 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-29335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Jansen, Kirsten A1 - Möller, B. A1 - Fischer, S. T1 - Fluorination of Polymer Surfaces PY - 2002 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 285 EP - 290 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1466 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Surface Controlled Fire Retardancy of Polymers Using Plasma Polymerisation N2 - Communication: Fire retardant coatings are deposited on polyamide-66 using plasma polymerisation. Chemical composition and thickness of deposits are adjusted varying the plasma treatment based on hexamethydisiloxane mixed with oxygen. The fire retardancy performances are evaluated using a cone calorimeter. The correlation between fire retardancy and thickness as well as chemical composition is discussed. KW - Cone calorimeter KW - Flame retardance KW - Heat release KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyamides PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20020901)287:9<579::AID-MAME579>3.0.CO;2-6 SN - 1438-7492 SN - 1439-2054 VL - 287 IS - 9 SP - 579 EP - 582 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Pulsed r.f. plasma for polymer film deposition with SEERS diagnostic T2 - 8th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering (PSE2002) CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2002-09-09 KW - C pulsed KW - C radio frequency KW - C plasma KW - D nitrogen KW - D oxygen KW - DX plasma deposition PY - 2002 SN - 0257-8972 SP - 405 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-1615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Metal doped plasma polymer films T2 - 7th Symposium on Metallized Plastics CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 1999-12-02 KW - Plasma polymer KW - r.f. pulsed plasma KW - Conducting films KW - Metal-polymer interface PY - 2001 SN - 90-6764-340-8 VL - 7 SP - 117 EP - 142 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-929 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Plasma functionalization and reorientation of macromolecules at polymer surfaces KW - Plasma KW - Polymer KW - Monolayer KW - Einschichtsystem KW - NEXAFS KW - Spektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse PY - 1995 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 74-75 SP - 664 EP - 669 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigan, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Barrier properties of plasma and chemically fluorinated polypropylene and polyethyleneterephthalate N2 - The functionalization, perfluorination or an coating of polypropylene (PP) and polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) surfaces in different plasma atmospheres and in an F[2] + N[2] gas mixture were investigated. The aim of this work was to form a barrier layer against solvent and fuel permeation. Typical test solvents were n-pentane, toluene, tetrachloroethylene and mixtures of n-pentane and methanol. The permeation was gravimetrically measured. The permeation of the solvent mixtures was analyzed by mass spectrometry and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The permeation of the solvent mixtures through the plasma-modified polymer samples was associated with increased absorption of polar solvent components in the polymer film. The thickness of the plasma-fluorinated PP surface layer was 10-100 nm and that of chemically fluorinated PP about 5000 nm. Nearly the same barrier efficiency was measured for both plasma- and chemically fluorinated samples. T2 - International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering No. 4 CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 1994-09-19 KW - Plasma KW - Fluor KW - Plasmapolymer KW - Sperrschicht KW - Permeation PY - 1995 UR - http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3158319 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 74-75 IS - 1-3 SP - 910 EP - 918 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Weiss, K. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - Surface analysis of metaillized poly(bisphenol A cabonate) films by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenadsorptionsspektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse KW - Film, metallisiert KW - Polymeroberfläche PY - 1996 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 37 IS - 14 SP - 3157 EP - 3160 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schertel, A. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - Surface analysis of partially crystalline and amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) samples by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenadsorptionsspektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse KW - Polymeroberfläche PY - 1996 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 37 IS - 14 SP - 3151 EP - 3155 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-650 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schertel, A. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - NEXAFS analysis of a plasma treated, partially crystalline poly(ehtylene terephtalate) surface KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenstrukturanalyse KW - Oberflächen behandeln KW - Plasma PY - 1996 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 279 EP - 281 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wöll, Ch. A1 - Nick, L. T1 - The Use of Octadecyltrichlorosilane Self-Assembled Layers as a Model for the Assessment of Plasma Treatment and Metallization Effects on Polyolefins N2 - Self-assembled octadecyltrichlorosilane (CH3(CH2)17SiCl3, OTS) films were deposited on an oxidized silicon wafer. They were carefully exposed to a low-pressure oxygen direct current (dc) plasma and/or Cr vapor. Subsequently, they were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Detailed information on the oxygen functionalization and the molecular conformation of the OTS films was obtained. The main result was that functionalization conditions can be found where the order of the film remains almost unaffected. Similarly, Cr evaporation of pure OTS films revealed only slight effects on the order in the film. Cr evaporation of an ordered but functionalized OTS film immediately changes its state toward a fully isotropic one. In the course of interaction, oxygen sites at the surface of the functionalized OTS film are reduced whereas Cr becomes oxidized. A redox reaction scheme is proposed for this interfacial reaction. Finally, it is concluded that the given study should be of importance for advanced plasma processing of polyolefins. KW - NEXAFS KW - OTS Self-Assembled Layers PY - 1999 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/la981174l SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 1161 EP - 1166 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-808 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Giebler, Rainer A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Reactions and Intermediates at the Metal-Polymer Interface as Observed by XPS and NEXAFS Spectroscopy KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Interfacial polymer-metal redox reactions KW - Chromium-polymer intermediates KW - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy KW - Adhesion KW - Polymer-metal bonds KW - Polymer-aluminium bonds KW - Polymer-copper bonds PY - 1999 SN - 0021-8464 SN - 1545-5823 VL - 71 SP - 297 EP - 321 PB - Gordon & Breach CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-798 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Fluorescence Measurements on Functionalized Polymer Surfaces - Problems and Troubleshooting KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Polymer functionalization KW - Surface labeling KW - Pyrylium label PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1430.015 SN - 0077-8923 SN - 1749-6632 SN - 0094-8500 VL - 1130 SP - 28 EP - 34 PB - New York Academy of Sciences CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-17567 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on Plasma-Chemically Modified Polymer Surfaces with Fluorophore-Labeled Functionalities N2 - Molecular engineering of polymer surfaces that includes the attachment of functional molecules to existing or previously generated reactive chemical groups like e.g., - OH, - NH2, or - CHO requires simple strategies and tools for the controlled generation of surface functionalities and their derivatization as well as for their identification and eventually quantification. Here, we systematically investigate the plasma-chemical surface modification of polypropylene films in combination with dansyl labeling chemistry and conventional, yet costly, XPS and highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of surface groups. Based on these results, the potential of and requirements on the fluorometric characterization and quantification of surfaces functionalities are discussed. KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface functionalization KW - Covalent labeling of polymer surfaces KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescent probe PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-006-0076-x SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 441 EP - 448 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-12560 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Tailoring of polymer surfaces with monotype functional groups of variable density using chemical and plasma chemical processes N2 - Polymer surfaces were modified in low-pressure glow discharge plasmas for introduction of monotype functional groups of different type and density. For this purpose three ways are selected, (i) oxygen plasma treatment followed by wet-chemical reduction of O functional groups to OH groups, (ii) plasma bromination for introducing C - Br groups and (iii) coating by deposition of thin plasma (co-) polymerized layers of functional groups-bearing monomers with OH, NH2, COOH, epoxy etc. functionalities. Subsequently, these groups were used as anchoring points for chemical grafting of spacer molecules, oligomers, prepolymers, fluorescent labels, ionic and nucleic acid residues, employing different chemical routes. The yield in monosort functional groups at polymer surfaces ranged from 10–14 (process i), 20–40 (process ii) and 18–31 groups per 100 C atoms (process iii) as measured by XPS after derivatization. The consumption of functional groups amounted to 40–90% of all functionalities present at the surface and depended on the dimensions of grafted molecules. For infinitely variably tuning the number of functional groups process iii was performed as copolymerization of a functional group-carrying comonomer with a non-functionalized (“chain-extending”) comonomer. KW - Introduction of functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - Reactions at Polymer surfaces PY - 2006 SN - 0340-255x SN - 1437-8027 VL - 132 SP - 62 EP - 71 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12515 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute ED - Geddes, C.D. T1 - Spectroscopic characterization of plasma - Chemically functionalized and fluorophore-labeled polymer surfaces N2 - The potential of spectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy for the characterization and quantification of different functionalities like OH and NH2 groups at plasma-chemically modified polymer surfaces is assessed using traditional reactive dyes such as dansyl derivatives and a sophisticated VIS-excitable chromogenic and fluorogenic pyrylium label showing binding-induced spectral and intensity changes in absorption and emission. Aiming at an improved fluorometric surface analysis, based upon these measurements, several sources of uncertainty inherent to fluorescence measurements are illustrated ranging from environment-dependent dye absorption and emission features over spectral correction and nonspecific adsorption to the critical influence of label choice on the measured background. Solutions to these drawbacks are given thereby underlining the potential of fluorometry for surface analysis. KW - Polymer functionalization KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface labeling PY - 2010 SN - 978-1-4419-0828-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1260-2_6 N1 - Serientitel: Reviews in Fluorescence – Series title: Reviews in Fluorescence VL - 5 SP - 139 EP - 160 PB - Springer Science + Business Media AN - OPUS4-21274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Buschmann, H.-J. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Anbindung von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen an plasmachemisch funktionalisierte und Cucurbituril-modifizierte Oberflächen N2 - Plasmapolymerisierte Allylaminschichten (50 nm) wurden auf Polypropylenfolien abgeschieden. Die auf diese Weise generierte NH2-funktionalisierte Polymeroberfläche wurde mit Xanthen-Fluorophoren chemisch umgesetzt. Da die Farbstoff-gekoppelten Folien nur geringe Fluoreszenz aufwiesen, wurden zwei Wege zur möglichen Entkopplung der Farbstoffe von der Oberfläche und damit zur Erhöhung der Fluoreszenzintensität getestet. Als erstes wurde ein Spacer durch die Umsetzung der primären Aminogruppen mit Glutaraldehyd und der nachfolgenden Kettenverlängerung mit Diaminohexan eingeführt. Diese nachfolgende Reaktion ergab eine spacergebundene NH2-Oberfläche, die analog der Allylaminschicht mit den Farbstoffen umgesetzt wurde. Als weiterer Weg wurde der Zusatz einer geeigneten Käfigverbindung, des Cucurbit[6]urils, getestet. Die spacergebundenen und zusätzlich mit Cucurbituril modifizierten aminofunktionellen Oberflächen zeigten nach der Farbstoffankopplung eine verbesserte Fluoreszenzintensität. KW - Fluoreszenz KW - Spacer KW - Cucurbituril PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.200700329 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 31 EP - 37 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-16000 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Buschmann, H.-J. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Anchoring of Fluorophores to plasma-chemically modified polymer surfaces and the effect of Cucurbit[6]uril on dye emission N2 - Polypropylene supports were functionalized by plasma-deposition of polymeric allylamine layers. The surface amino groups generated were wet-chemically reacted with xanthene dyes resulting in fluorescent polymer films. The effect of polymer-attachment of the dyes on their emission features was studied fluorometrically and different methods were tested to improve the fluorescence properties of the films. Modification with cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) yields a moderately enhanced fluorescence as well as an improved photostability. The observed effect is most likely due to CB6-induced rigidization of the linker molecules which seems to reduce fluorescence quenching dye–dye and fluorophore–surface interactions. KW - Fluorescence KW - Cucurbituril KW - Surface modification KW - Plasma functionalization KW - Polymer surface KW - Xanthene dyes PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-008-0407-1 SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 19 SP - 229 EP - 237 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-19154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Covalent coupling of fluorophores to polymer surface-bonded functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescence KW - Surface functionalization KW - Reactions at polymer surfaces KW - Spectroscopy KW - Quantification PY - 2007 SN - 978-90-6764-453-2 VL - 4 SP - 171 EP - 191 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-14867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Monitoring of Amino Functionalities on Plasma-Chemically Modified Polypropylene Supports with a Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Pyrylium Reporter N2 - A straightforward strategy toward the sensitive fluorometric detection of primary amino groups on plasma-chemically modified polypropylene supports is presented, exploiting the transformation of the sterically nonhindered pyrylium dye Py-1 into its pyridinium counterpart. The reaction-induced blue-shifted absorption and emission bands and an increased fluorescence quantum yield provide the basis for the spectroscopic distinction between covalently bound and free, that is, nonspecifically adsorbed label molecules. With this label, for the first time, plasma-chemically introduced amino functionalities could be monitored on the surface of a polymer film employing fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface characterization KW - Covalent labeling KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescent label PY - 2007 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/langd5/2007/23/i16/abs/la7004908.html SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 23 IS - 16 SP - 8411 EP - 8416 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-15717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute ED - Blasek, G. T1 - Möglichkeiten der kovalenten Anbindung von Funktionsmolekülen an Polymeroberflächen T2 - 13. Neues Dresdner Vakuumtechnisches Kolloquium "Beschichtung und Modifizierung von Kunststoffoberflächen" CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 2005-10-13 PY - 2005 SP - 35 EP - 41 PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Dresden AN - OPUS4-11946 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lukowiak, M.C. A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Landsberger, Petra A1 - Boenke, Viola A1 - Rodenacker, K. A1 - Braun, Ulrike A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Haag, R. T1 - Polyglycerol coated polypropylene surfaces for protein and bacteria resistance N2 - Polyglycerol (PG) coated polypropylene (PP) films were synthesized in a two-step approach that involved plasma bromination and subsequently grafting hyperbranched polyglycerols with very few amino functionalities. The influence of different molecular weights and density of reactive linkers were investigated for the grafted PGs. Longer bromination times and higher amounts of linkers on the surface afforded long-term stability. The protein adsorption and bacteria attachment of the PP-PG films were studied. Their extremely low amine content proved to be beneficial for preventing bacteria attachment. PY - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-325406 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4py01375a SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 6 IS - 8 SP - 1350 EP - 1359 AN - OPUS4-32540 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Schulz, Eckhard A1 - Stark, Wolfgang A1 - Bovtun, V. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Olefjord, I. ED - Nyborg, L. ED - Briggs, D. T1 - Techniques for surface composition analysis with scanning force microscopy (SFM) using electrical surface properties T2 - 7th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis CY - Göteborg, Sweden DA - 1997-06-16 PY - 1997 SN - 0-471-97827-2 SP - 579 EP - 582 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-6854 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Sturm, Heinz ED - Tachibana, K. ED - Takai, O. T1 - A new concept of adhesion promotion in metal-polymer composites by introduction of covalently bonded hydrophobic spacers at interface T2 - Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-18) CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2007-08-26 PY - 2007 SN - 978-4-9903773-4-2 SP - 27A EP - p5, 1 PB - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry CY - Kyoto AN - OPUS4-20668 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fahmy, A. A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Structure of plasma-deposited copolymer films prepared from acrylic acid and styrene: Part I dependence on the duty cycle N2 - Copolymers of acrylic acid and styrene (AA/S) were prepared by pulsed plasma deposition and their structures were studied in dependence on the duty cycle (DC) for a fixed composition of 1:1. As a result, low values of DC doses preserve the structure of monomers in the plasma deposited polymers while high DC leads to a higher degree of fragmentation and a loss in regular structure. Regarding plasma copolymerisation as a feasible method to finish surfaces with a definite number of functional groups it is necessary to characterize both, the chemical nature and the physical properties of the deposited layer. Therefore, a combination of different methods was employed for the characterization of thin plasma copolymer films (FTIR, dielectric spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). Special attention was paid on the unambiguous identification of COOH groups at the surface after derivatization with trifluoroethanol by XPS and in the volume by FTIR. The glass transition temperature of the copolymer system is lower than that for the both plasma deposited homopolymers and increases with the DC in difference to plasma deposited poly(acrylic acid). The dielectric measurements showed that the plasma deposited films were not thermally stable and underwent an undesired post-plasma chemical reaction. The results obtained by dielectric spectroscopy are discussed in detail in comparison with the data from FTIR and XPS measurements. KW - Plasmapolymerisation KW - Copolymerisation KW - Acrylic acid–styrene copolymer KW - Dynamic mobility KW - Plasma copolymerisation KW - Surface functionalization KW - Thin film properties PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100117 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 273 EP - 284 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25654 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Inagaki, N. T1 - Modification of branched polyethylene by aerosol-assisted dielectric barrier discharge N2 - Three polyethylene (PE) types with different branching structures were subjected to air, water and ethanol aerosol-assisted dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) for surface modification. Using the air DBD the incorporated oxygen concentration was found to be independent on the branching of PE in contrast to the introduction of OH groups, which was PE-2 > PE-1 > PE-3. For water-aerosol DBD the succession of OH concentration was in the order of PE-1 > PE-2 > PE-3. Ethanol aerosol-assisted DBD produced the lowest concentration of OH groups also independent on the branching of PE. The chemical nature of introduced oxygen functional groups was inspected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and assigned as C–O, >C=O/CHO/O–C–O and O=C–O. KW - PE KW - Surface modification KW - Aerosol-assisted DBD PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100052 SN - 1612-8850 SN - 1612-8869 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 406 EP - 416 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25748 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hielscher, Stefan A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Plasma meets chemistry: Combined methods for tailored interface design in metal-polymer composites by selective chemical reactions on plasma modified surfaces N2 - The applicability of polymer-metal composites is mainly determined by the durability of the adhesive strength between both components. Aluminium (Al) deposited on polypropylene (PP) exemplifies different options of interface design. By deposition of plasma polymers on PP the effect of the type of the functionality was investigated. Spacer insertion was accomplished to position the functional group away from the topmost surface. A further kind of interface design involved a partial condensation of functional groups. Hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were most effective to improve adhesion in Al-PP systems. Approximately 7-10 carboxyl or 25-27 hydroxyl groups per 100 C atoms were necessary to increase the peel strength up to ~700 N/m. In this range, the failure of the composite propagated along the interface Al-tape (no peeling of the metal). Spacer molecules between surface and functional groups provoked the effect that the number of needed functional groups for maximum adhesion was strongly reduced. Linking of the functional groups resulted in non-peelable Al-PP laminates. Two adhesion tests were applied - the peel test and the centrifuge technology. For PP foils modified with chemically bonded and additionally linked silanol groups (no peeling) an adhesive strength of (2.5 ± 0.2) N/mm² was determined by centrifuge technology. XPS inspection of both fracture surfaces indicated a sub-surface failure in the polymer. T2 - HTPP-12 - 12th High-tech plasma processes conference CY - Bologna, Italy DA - 24.06.2012 KW - Adhesion PP-Al KW - Modified surfaces KW - Interface design PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/406/1/012004 SN - 1742-6588 SN - 1742-6596 VL - 406 SP - 012004-1 - 012004-11 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-28658 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Natte, Kishore A1 - Behnke, Thomas A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Synthesis and characterisation of highly fluorescent core-shell nanoparticles based on Alexa dyes N2 - Current and future developments in the emerging field of nanobiotechnology are closely linked to the rational design of novel fluorescent nanomaterials, e.g. for biosensing and imaging applications. Here, the synthesis of bright near infrared (NIR)-emissive nanoparticles based on the grafting of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) followed by covalent attachment of Alexa dyes and their subsequent shielding by an additional silica shell are presented. These nanoparticles were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. TEM studies revealed the monodispersity of the initially prepared and fluorophorelabelled silica particles and the subsequent formation of raspberry-like structures after addition of a silica precursor.Measurements of absolute fluorescence Quantum yields of these scattering particle suspensions with an integrating sphere setup demonstrated the influence of dye labelling density-dependent fluorophore Aggregation on the signaling behaviour of such nanoparticles. KW - Silica KW - Alexa dyes KW - Fluorescent particles KW - Quantum yields KW - Nanoparticles KW - Protective shell KW - Nanobiotechnology PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0680-9 SN - 1388-0764 SN - 1572-896X VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 680-1 - 680-10 PB - Kluwer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-25872 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hanelt, Sven A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - UV spectrometric indirect analysis of brominated MWCNTs with UV active thiols and an alkene-reaction kinetics, quantification and differentiation of adsorbed bromine and oxygen N2 - Indirect UV-absorption spectrometry was shown to be a valuable tool for chemical characterization of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It complements data from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or FTIR analysis since it helps to clarify the type and concentration of functional groups. The principles of indirect application of UV-spectrometry and its mathematical interpretation are discussed. Their facile application, together with their adequate sensitivity and high flexibility, make UV-absorption-based approaches a valuable alternative to fluorescence spectrometry. Here, the approach was applied to the chemical analysis of oxidizing substances on CNTs. For this, pristine CNTs of low but finite oxygen content as well as brominated CNTs were analyzed by reaction in suspension with UV-active thiol reagents and a styrene derivative. It was shown that carefully selected reagents allow differentiation and quantification of bromine and generally oxidizing entities like oxygen. For brominated CNTs, it was shown that physisorbed bromine may dominate the overall bromine content. KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - CNTs KW - UV-spectrometry KW - Bromination KW - Thiols KW - Mercaptans KW - Disulfides KW - Quantification KW - Kinetics PY - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-289077 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6083035 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 6 IS - 8 SP - 3035 EP - 3063 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-28907 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramanujam, Maalolan A1 - Wachtendorf, Volker A1 - Purohit, Purv A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - A detailed dielectric relaxation spectroscopy study of artificial UV weathered low density polyethylene N2 - Artificial weathering of LDPE under dry conditions (<10% of relative humidity) by UV radiation was monitored by dielectric spectroscopy. For an apolar polymer like LDPE, dielectric study yields Information about the change in structure and dynamics of the system. The fluctuations of the polar groups which are generated as a result of photooxidation such as carbonyl groups can be monitored as characteristic relaxation processes like the αc or β mode. The dielectric loss characterized by typical dielectric parameters like the activation energy and dielectric strength are strongly dependent upon changes induced by photooxidation in the amorphous and crystalline domains. This paper discusses in detail how the foil reached its mechanical disintegration. It was found that initial stages of weathering induce chain scission and/or crosslinking in the amorphous domains of the polymer and the motional processes in the crystalline regions are not affected. After this induction period, an increase in the degree of crystallization was observed by employing differential calorimetry. The increasing crystallinity is considered as one of the reasons for embrittlement which finally leads to the complete loss of the structural integrity. KW - Artificial weathering KW - UV radiation KW - Dielectric relaxation KW - LDPE PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2011.12.003 SN - 0040-6031 SN - 1872-762X VL - 530 SP - 73 EP - 78 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-25547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Elektrospray-Ionisation (ESI) - Lochfreie elektrophoretische Abscheidung von ultra-dünnen Polymerschichten N2 - Die Elektrospray-Ionisations (ESI)-Vernebelung von Polymerlösungen wird analytisch zur massenspektrometrischen Bestimmung der Molmassen von Makromolekülen genutzt. Dabei werden die Polymermoleküle nach einem speziellen Mechanismus im Hochspannungsfeld unter Normaldruckbedingungen vereinzelt und in das Massenspektrometer überführt. Dieser Prozeß kann auch zur flächigen Abscheidung einzelner Polymermoleküle genutzt werden. Die Struktur und Zusammensetzung sowie die Molmassenverteilung der Polymere bleiben dabei erhalten. Schichten polarer oder ionischer Polymere der Dicke einer Quasi-Monolage bis hin zu mehreren 100 Nanometern können abgeschieden werden. Erwähnenswert ist, daß der ESI-Prozeß zu den elektrophoretischen Verfahren gehört, was die Ausbildung lochfreier Schichten auf elektrisch leitenden Substraten nicht nur auf der der Spraydüse zugewandten Seite ermöglicht, sondern auch auf der abgeschatteten Rückseite. Dieses Verhalten wurde zur vollständigen ESI-Umhüllung von dichtgepackten Kohlenstoff-Faser-Bündeln mit haftvermittelnden Polymerschichten ausgenutzt. PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201100471 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 17 EP - 23 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-25392 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Polymer deposition morphology by electrospray deposition - Modifications through distance variation N2 - Electrospray deposition (ESD) of highly diluted polymers was examined with regard to the deposited surface structure. Only the flight distance (flight time) onto the resulting deposited surface was varied from 20 to 200 mm. An apparatus without any additional heating or gas flows was used. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyallylamine (PAAm) in methanol were deposited on Si wafers. The polymer layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, derivatization reactions and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a grazing incidence unit. SEM images illustrated the changing structures of PAA and PAAm. For PAA the deposited structure changed from a smooth film (20 mm) to a film with individual droplets on the coated surface (100 mm and 200 mm), while for PAAm individual droplets can be seen at all distances. The ESD process with cascades of splitting droplets slows down for PAA after distances greater than 40 mm. In contrast, the ESD process for PAAm is nearly stopped within the first flight distance of 20 mm. Residual solvent analysis showed that most of the solvent evaporated within the first 20 mm capillary-sample distance. KW - Electrospray ionization KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Ultra-thin layers KW - Capillary-sample distance KW - Residual solvent PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.06.020 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 564 SP - 269 EP - 276 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-31252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Friedrich, Jörg-Florian T1 - Electrospray ionization for deposition of ultra-thin polymer layers – principle, electrophoretic effect and applications N2 - Nebulizing of polymer solutions, in a high-voltage field under atmospheric conditions by electrospray ionization (ESI), is a comfortable way to deposit ultra-thin layers of polar or ionic polymers onto any conductive substrate materials. The substrate is grounded and the polymer solution is sprayed through a powered capillary. The formed charged droplets shrink by solvent evaporation during their way to the grounded substrate, the charges close ranks and the droplets collapse consecutively by charge repulsion, thus forming finally charged single macromolecules. After their discharging at the grounded substrate, an ultrathin ‘quasi-monomolecular’ polymer layer is formed. It could be shown by imaging of scratches through the polymer layer by atomic force microscopy that the deposited polymer layers are dense at a thickness of about 10 nm. Carbon fibre bundles were coated with poly (allylamine) (PAAm) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as potential adhesion-promoting layers in fibre–polymer composites. The polymer deposition is self-inhibiting after formation of a continuous coverage of about 200 nm for PAAm and 30 nm for PAA as result of surface charging. Continuous deposition onto such isolating layers or polymers without charging can be achieved by using current of alternating polarity. The film formation is self-healing because of the electrophoretic effect, i.e. the ion discharging occurs preferentially at noncoated areas. This electrophoretic effect of ESI was demonstrated by completely enwrapping all the carbon fibres of the roving within a distance of about 100 μm far from its outside and also at the backside of the fibre bundle with about 80% of the topside coverage, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and visualized using scanning electron microscopy. KW - Complete enwrapping of fibres KW - Ultra-thin polymer layers KW - Self-healing KW - Electrospray deposition KW - Carbon fibres KW - Electrophoretic effect PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.727170 SN - 0169-4243 VL - 27 IS - 9 SP - 988 EP - 1005 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-42631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg A1 - Altmann, Korinna A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Hidde, Gundula T1 - Coating of carbon fibers with adhesion-promoting thin polymer layers using plasma polymerization or electrospray ionization technique—A comparison N2 - Plasma polymers and electrospray-ionization (ESI) polymer layers are compared for most efficient adhesion promotion in carbon fiber-epoxy resin composites. The ultra-thin ESI layers (2–30 nm) of commercial poly(acrylic acid) and poly-(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) produce an significant increase of adhesion measured by single-fiber pull out tests. However, plasma Treatment has also advantages, such as simultaneous activation of the fiber substrate. Chemical structure and composition are rather far from the regular structure of commercial polymers as deposited by ESI processing. KW - Plasma polymers KW - Electrospray ionization polymers KW - Poly(acrylic acid) KW - Poly- (hydroxyethylmethacrylate) PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201600074 SN - 1612-8869 SN - 1612-8850 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - e1600074-1 EP - 14 AN - OPUS4-40510 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Roessner, D. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Influence of Plasma Treatment on the Molar Mass of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Investigated by Different Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Methods N2 - The influence of different types of low and atmospheric pressure plasma on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been studied in terms of changes in molar mass and molar mass distribution. Apart from a variation of plasma gases (oxygen, helium) different types of plasma (microwave, radio frequency, corona discharge) were used for the plasma surface modification. The changes in molar mass and types of functional end groups of lower molar mass products were investigated by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), whereas the high-molar mass fraction was analyzed by means of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The formation of crosslinked products during exposure to a helium plasma, which emits preponderately energy-rich and intense ultraviolet radiation, was proved by means of thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF). This method combined with a multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) detector allows detection of weakly crosslinked polymers and microgels. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1639-1648, 1998 KW - Poly(ethylene terephthalate) KW - PET KW - Plasma PY - 1998 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/36482/ABSTRACT DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19980730)36:10<1639::AID-POLA17>3.0.CO;2-H SN - 0360-6376 SN - 0887-624X VL - 36 IS - 10 SP - 1639 EP - 1648 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-6989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hanelt, Sven A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Orts Gil, Guillermo A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus T1 - Study of Lewis acid catalyzed chemical bromination and bromoalkylation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes N2 - Chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with nucleophiles requires introduction of electrophilic reactive sites on the CNTs. This can, for instance, be accomplished by the chemical bromination procedure with elemental bromine and a set of Lewis acids (BBr3, BF3 × Et2O, AlBr3, FeBr3, ZnBr2, TiBr4, SiBr4, SnBr4, VBr3) or a radical starter like dibenzoylperoxide (DBPO) in appropriate solvents at varied temperature. The present approach to electrophilic sites relies on the well-known electrophilic aromatic substitution or addition of bromine with aromatic structural units. In addition to the use of bromine, the introduction of haloalkyl groups was also investigated here using bis-electrophiles or haloalcohols and Brønsted acids. The advantages and drawbacks of the studied reaction conditions, the obtained degree of bromination as analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the amount of introduced bromine that can be substituted by a nucleophile are presented and discussed. KW - Carbon nanotubes KW - Bromierung KW - Lewis Säure KW - Bromalkylierung KW - CNT PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.11.009 SN - 0008-6223 SN - 1873-3891 VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 1373 EP - 1385 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-25207 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Nowack, H. T1 - Wechselwirkungen zwischen plasmamodifizierten Polymeroberflächen und Metallen T2 - 5. Internationale Fachtagung - ND-Plasma-Technologie CY - Duisburg, Deutschland DA - 1997-09-22 PY - 1997 VL - 5 SP - 1(?) EP - 17(?) PB - Print-Service CY - Mülheim AN - OPUS4-6995 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Determination of chemical and molecular-weight distributions of heterogeneous polymers by means of MALDI-MS coupled with chromatography T2 - 219th ACS national meeting CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 2000-03-26 PY - 2000 SN - 0032-3934 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 655 EP - 656 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Newark, NJ AN - OPUS4-2169 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Chemically well-defined surface functionalization of polyethylene and polypropylene by pulsed plasma modification followed by grafting of molecules T2 - 2nd International Symposium on Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 1999-05-24 KW - Plasma modification KW - Chemical conversion of functional groups KW - Spacers KW - Polypropylene KW - Polyethylene PY - 2000 SN - 90-6764-327-0 VL - 2 SP - 45 EP - 64 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen ED - d'Agostino, R. T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo- and copolymerisation - molar masses T2 - 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC-16) CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 IS - CD-ROM PB - Dep. of Chemistry, Univ. CY - Bari AN - OPUS4-2710 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Beiträge zur Charakterisierung von synthetischen Si-Polymeren durch Kopplung von HPLC-Trennmethoden mit der MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - DFG-Symposium zum Schwerpunktprogramm "Silicium-Chemie" CY - Werfenweng, Österreich DA - 2000-09-27 PY - 2000 AN - OPUS4-2251 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Liquid Adsorption Chromatography near Critical Conditions of Adsorption coupled with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry N2 - Chemical heterogeneities and molecular weight distributions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-co-polymethylene (PM) model oligomers, which are relevant to the synthesis of commonly used tensides, were investigated. For analytical characterization, the well-known principle of liquid adsorption chromatography at 'critical conditions' (LACCC) was modified. Near the critical conditions of adsorption of the PEO unit, e.g., at slight adsorption conditions of PM, the copolymers could be separated according to their PM chain length. The eluates were separated and single fractions of each peak were continuously transferred onto the MALDI target by means of a commercially available device. Simultaneously, the MALDI matrix solution was continuously added with a second pump. This procedure offers the possibility of the formation of homogeneous matrix-polymer textures. By MALDI-MS a complete characterization of the chemical composition (PEO and PM chain length) of each peak could be achieved. The obtained MALDI mass spectra of the eluates at different retention times could be used for the molecular weight calibration of the LAC system. In this way, an additional application of SEC, as in conventional 2D-chromatography, was avoided by using the MALDI method as quasi chromatographic separation KW - Liquid adsorption chromatography KW - Matrix-assisted laser desorption KW - Ionization mass spectrometry KW - Coupling methods KW - MALDI PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/10236660008034644 SN - 1023-666X SN - 1563-5341 VL - 5 SP - 549 EP - 562 PB - Gordon and Breach Publ. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-2168 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Just, Ulrich A1 - Wittke, Wolfgang A1 - Rittig, F. A1 - Gruber, F. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Analysis of modified polyamide 6.6 using coupled liquid chromatography and MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry KW - MALDI-TOF-MS KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Coupling methods PY - 2004 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 238 IS - 3 SP - 235 EP - 244 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-6966 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Heinemann, M. A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Hartmann, A. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Fritz, H.-G. ED - Fritz, H. ED - Eisenbach, C. T1 - Charakterisierung biologisch abbaubarer Homo- und Copolyester / Characterisation of biodegradable Homo- and Copolyesters T2 - 19. Stuttgarter Kunststoff-Kolloquium 2005 CY - Stuttgart, Deutschland DA - 2005-03-09 KW - MALDI-TOF-MS KW - Bioabbaubare Polyester KW - Flüssigchromatographie KW - Methodenkopplung KW - Biodegradable polyesters KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Coupling of analytical methods PY - 2005 SN - 3-00-015246-6 SP - 5/P1-1 - 5/P1-9 PB - IKT CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-11767 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wettmarshausen, Sascha A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Meyer-Plath, Asmus A1 - Kalinka, Gerhard A1 - Hidde, Gundula A1 - Weidner, Steffen T1 - Coating of carbon fibers with adhesion-promoting thin poly(acrylic acid) and poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) layers using electrospray ionization N2 - Thin coatings of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) were deposited onto carbon fibers by means of the electrospray ionization (ESI) technique in ambient air. These high-molecular weight polymer layers were used as adhesion promoters in carbon fiber–epoxy resin composites. Within the ESI process, the carbon fibers were completely enwrapped with polymer in the upper 10 plies of a carbon fiber roving. As identified with scanning electron microscopy also shadowed fibers in a bundle as well as backsides of fiber rovings were pinhole-free coated with polymers (‘electrophoretic effect'). Under the conditions used, the layers have a granular structure. Residual solvent was absent in the deposit. PAA and PHEMA films did not show any changes in composition and structure in comparison with the original polymers as analyzed by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Single-fiber pullout tests of coated fibers embedded in epoxy resin showed significantly increased interfacial shear strength. It is assumed that chemical bonds between carbon fiber poly(acrylic acid) and epoxy resin contribute significantly to the improved interactions. KW - Adhesion promotion KW - Thin polymer layers KW - Electrospray ionization (ESI) KW - Carbon fiber–epoxy resin laminates KW - Layer topography PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2015.1040980 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 29 IS - 15 SP - 1628 EP - 1650 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-34564 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Much, Helmut T1 - Liquid Adsorption Chromatography near Critical Conditions of Adsorption coupled with Matrix-assisted Laser/Ionization Mass Spectrometry T2 - 47th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics CY - Dallas, TX, USA DA - 1999-06-13 PY - 1999 CY - Dallas, Tex AN - OPUS4-2165 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Zur Charakterisierung von Si-Polymeren durch Kopplung flüssigchromatographischer Arbeitsweisen mit der MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - DFG-Symposium zum Schwerpunktprogramm "Silicium-Chemie" CY - Bielefeld, Deutschland DA - 1999-05-09 PY - 1999 AN - OPUS4-2239 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Schulz, Eckhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard T1 - Verbesserungen der mechanischen Festigkeiten von Faser-Polymer-Verbundwerkstoffen durch Vorbehandlung der Fasern im Niederdruckplasma T2 - Vortragsbände des 8. Internationalen Techtextil-Symposiums 1997 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 1997-05-12 PY - 1997 VL - 8 SP - 1(?) EP - 16(?) PB - Messe Frankfurt CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-7287 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Vogel, Lydia ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Plasma Pretreatment of Polymer Surfaces - Relevance to Adhesion of Metals T2 - 5th Symposium on Metallized Plastics ; 6th Symposium on Metallized Plastics CY - Los Angeles, CA, USA DA - 1996-05-05 PY - 1998 SN - 90-6764-290-8 SP - 271 EP - 293 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6987 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Selective surface functionalization of polyolefins by plasma treatment followed by chemical reduction N2 - Polymer surfaces can be finished with functional groups upon exposure to a plasma. Species of the plasma gas are attached at surface carbon atoms, forming functional groups of different composition. To produce a modified polymer surface with a high density and homogeneity of hydroxyl groups only, the oxygen-plasma-formed oxygen functional groups were chemically reduced by diborane and LiAlH4 with yields of 10 to 11 OH groups per 100 carbon atoms in the 3 to 5 nm near-surface layer as detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The identification of hydroxyl groups was performed by means of attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XPS. KW - Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transorm infrared spectroscopy KW - Chemical reduction of functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 1999 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00232-7 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 116-119 SP - 796 EP - 801 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6983 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Schulz, Günter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Beiträge zur Charakterisierung von synthetischen Si-Polymeren durch Kopplung von HPLC-Trennmethoden mit der MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - Incom 2001 - International Symposium on Instrumentalized Analytical Chemistry and Computer Technology CY - Düsseldorf, Deutschland DA - 2001-03-27 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-2254 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Giebler, Rainer A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Mittal, K. L. T1 - Significance of interfacial redox reactions and formation of metal-organic complexes for the adhesion of metals on pristine and plasma-treated polymers KW - Oxygen low-pressure plasma treatment of polymers KW - Metal-polymer interactions KW - Peel strength PY - 2000 SN - 90-6764-327-0 VL - 2 SP - 137 EP - 171 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-6979 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gähde, J. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Fischer, T. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Reactions of polymer analogous model substances with metals and oxides KW - Modellverbindung KW - Al202 KW - Chrom KW - Orientierung, molekular KW - Chemical interaction KW - Model compounds KW - Al2O3 and chromium KW - Molecular orientation KW - Formation of complexes KW - Plasma PY - 1996 SN - 0340-255x SN - 1437-8027 VL - 101 SP - 194 EP - 198 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-685 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Plasmavorbehandlungen von Polymeroberflächen T2 - 2. Freiberger Polymertag CY - Freiberg DA - 1995-05-30 PY - 1995 SP - 17 Seiten CY - Freiberg AN - OPUS4-7014 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Ghode, Archana A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Geng, Shiming A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas ED - Schindel-Bidinelli, E. T1 - Polymeroberflächenfunktionalisierungen im gepulsten Plasma mit nachfolgender chemischer Behandlung T2 - 14. Internationales Symposium Swissbonding ; 14. Internationaler Kongreß Swiss Bonding ; 14th Swiss Bonding 00 CY - Rapperswil, Schweiz DA - 2000-05-16 PY - 2000 SP - 31 EP - 44 PB - SWIBOTECH GmbH CY - Bülach AN - OPUS4-6980 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fink, Friedrich A1 - Stawski, Tomasz M. A1 - Stockmann, Jörg Manfred A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana T1 - Surface Modification of Kraft Lignin by Mechanochemical Processing with Sodium Percarbonate N2 - In this article, we present a novel one-pot mechanochemical reaction for the surface activation of lignin. The process involves environmentally friendly oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, depolymerization of fractions with high molecular mass, and introduction of new carbonyl functions into the lignin backbone. Kraft lignin was ground with sodium percarbonate and sodium hydroxide in a ball mill at different time intervals. Analyses by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed significant improvements. After only 5 min of reaction, there was a 47% reduction in mass-average molecular weight and an increase in carboxyl functionalities. Chemical activation resulted in an approximately 2.8-fold increase in water adsorption. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided further insight into the correlations between IR spectra and SAXS parameters KW - Kraft Lignin KW - Mechanochemical oxidation KW - SEC KW - FTIR KW - SAXS KW - PCA PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00584 SN - 1525-7797 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - American Chemical Society AN - OPUS4-58074 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Wigant, L. A1 - Wöll, Ch. A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Characterization of plasma-modified organic surfaces by electron spectroscopy, SEIRA, and MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - 6th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis CY - Montreux, Switzerland DA - 1995-10-09 PY - 1995 SP - TC 11 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-7001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas T1 - Plasmaoxidative Degradation of Polymers Studied by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry PY - 1996 SN - 0951-4198 SN - 1097-0231 VL - 10 SP - 727 EP - 732 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-7004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard ED - Schindel-Bidinelli, E. T1 - Umweltfreundliches Metallisieren von Kunststoffen durch Plasmavorbehandlung in einem geschlossenen Reaktor T2 - Swissbonding 97 ; 11. Internationales Symposium Klebtechnik und Umwelt ; 11th International Symposium Bonding and Sealing Technology CY - Rapperswil, Schweiz DA - 1997-05-26 PY - 1997 SP - 1(?) EP - 3(?) PB - SWIBOTECH CY - Rorbas AN - OPUS4-6994 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Gerstung, Vanessa A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Characterization of plasma-polymerized allyl alcohol polymers and copolymers with styrene KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Surface functionalization KW - Molar mass PY - 2007 SN - 0169-4243 SN - 1568-5616 VL - 21 IS - 5-6 SP - 487 EP - 508 PB - VNU Science Press CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-14765 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Pulsed plasma initiated homo and copolimerisation - molar masses T2 - ISPC-16 CY - Taormina, Italy DA - 2003-06-22 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlhan, C. A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Nowack, H. T1 - Improvement of bonding properties of polypropylene by low-pressure plasma treatment PY - 1999 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 116-119 SP - 783 EP - 787 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-6982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Infrared-Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization and Infrared-Laser Desorption/Ionization Investigations of Synthetic Polymers PY - 1998 SN - 0951-4198 SN - 1097-0231 VL - 12 SP - 1373 EP - 1381 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-6988 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Just, Ulrich A1 - Weidner, Steffen A1 - Wittke, Wolfgang A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Rittig, F. A1 - Gruber, F. T1 - 2D-Characterization of Polyamides using Chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS T2 - Waters International GPC 2003 and ISPAC-16-Symposium CY - Baltimore, MD, USA DA - 2003-06-09 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-2631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -