TY - JOUR A1 - Joshi, Ranjit A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Krishna-Subramanian, S. T1 - Surface modification of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene membranes using underwater plasma polymerization N2 - Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene membranes were modified and subsequently polymer coated using the underwater plasma produced by glow discharge electrolysis. This plasma pretreatment generated various O-functional groups among them OH groups have dominated. This modified inner (pore) surface of membranes showed complete wetting and strong adhesion to a hydrogel copolymerized by glow discharge electrolysis also. The deposited hydrogel consists of plasma polymerized acrylic acid crosslinked by copolymerization with the bifunctional N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). Tuning the hydrogel hydrophilicity and bio-compatibility poly(ethylene glycol) was chemically inserted into the copolymer. Such saturated polymer could only be inserted on a non-classic way by (partial) fragmentation and recombination thus demonstrating the exotic properties of the underwater plasma. The modification of membrane was achieved by squeezing the reactive plasma solution into the pores by plasma-induced shock waves and supported by intense stirring. The deposited copolymer hydrogel has filled all pores also in the inner of membrane as shown by scanning electron microscopy of cross-sections. The copolymer shows the characteristic units of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol as demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy. A minimum loss in carboxylic groups of acrylic acid during the plasma polymerization process was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additional cell adhesion tests on copolymer coated polyethylene using IEC-6 cells demonstrated the bio-compatibility of the plasma-deposited hydrogel. KW - Glow discharge electrolysis (GDE) KW - UHMWPE membrane KW - Pore modification KW - Adhesion KW - Copolymer hydrogel PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-013-9476-2 SN - 0272-4324 VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 921 EP - 940 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-29335 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Schulz, Ulrich A1 - Jansen, Kirsten A1 - Möller, B. A1 - Fischer, S. T1 - Fluorination of Polymer Surfaces PY - 2002 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 285 EP - 290 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1466 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Surface Controlled Fire Retardancy of Polymers Using Plasma Polymerisation N2 - Communication: Fire retardant coatings are deposited on polyamide-66 using plasma polymerisation. Chemical composition and thickness of deposits are adjusted varying the plasma treatment based on hexamethydisiloxane mixed with oxygen. The fire retardancy performances are evaluated using a cone calorimeter. The correlation between fire retardancy and thickness as well as chemical composition is discussed. KW - Cone calorimeter KW - Flame retardance KW - Heat release KW - Plasma polymerization KW - Polyamides PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20020901)287:9<579::AID-MAME579>3.0.CO;2-6 SN - 1438-7492 SN - 1439-2054 VL - 287 IS - 9 SP - 579 EP - 582 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-1537 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulze, Rolf-Dieter A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Pulsed r.f. plasma for polymer film deposition with SEERS diagnostic T2 - 8th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering (PSE2002) CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 2002-09-09 KW - C pulsed KW - C radio frequency KW - C plasma KW - D nitrogen KW - D oxygen KW - DX plasma deposition PY - 2002 SN - 0257-8972 SP - 405 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-1615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Retzko, Iris A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Metal doped plasma polymer films T2 - 7th Symposium on Metallized Plastics CY - Newark, NJ, USA DA - 1999-12-02 KW - Plasma polymer KW - r.f. pulsed plasma KW - Conducting films KW - Metal-polymer interface PY - 2001 SN - 90-6764-340-8 VL - 7 SP - 117 EP - 142 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-929 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Geng, Sh. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Plasma functionalization and reorientation of macromolecules at polymer surfaces KW - Plasma KW - Polymer KW - Monolayer KW - Einschichtsystem KW - NEXAFS KW - Spektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse PY - 1995 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 74-75 SP - 664 EP - 669 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-627 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wigan, L. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Erdmann, J. A1 - Gorsler, H.-V. T1 - Barrier properties of plasma and chemically fluorinated polypropylene and polyethyleneterephthalate N2 - The functionalization, perfluorination or an coating of polypropylene (PP) and polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) surfaces in different plasma atmospheres and in an F[2] + N[2] gas mixture were investigated. The aim of this work was to form a barrier layer against solvent and fuel permeation. Typical test solvents were n-pentane, toluene, tetrachloroethylene and mixtures of n-pentane and methanol. The permeation was gravimetrically measured. The permeation of the solvent mixtures was analyzed by mass spectrometry and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The permeation of the solvent mixtures through the plasma-modified polymer samples was associated with increased absorption of polar solvent components in the polymer film. The thickness of the plasma-fluorinated PP surface layer was 10-100 nm and that of chemically fluorinated PP about 5000 nm. Nearly the same barrier efficiency was measured for both plasma- and chemically fluorinated samples. T2 - International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering No. 4 CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany DA - 1994-09-19 KW - Plasma KW - Fluor KW - Plasmapolymer KW - Sperrschicht KW - Permeation PY - 1995 UR - http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3158319 SN - 0257-8972 VL - 74-75 IS - 1-3 SP - 910 EP - 918 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-628 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Weiss, K. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - Surface analysis of metaillized poly(bisphenol A cabonate) films by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenadsorptionsspektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse KW - Film, metallisiert KW - Polymeroberfläche PY - 1996 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 37 IS - 14 SP - 3157 EP - 3160 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-649 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schertel, A. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - Surface analysis of partially crystalline and amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) samples by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenadsorptionsspektroskopie KW - Oberflächenanalyse KW - Polymeroberfläche PY - 1996 SN - 0032-3861 SN - 1873-2291 VL - 37 IS - 14 SP - 3151 EP - 3155 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-650 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schertel, A. A1 - Wöll, Ch. T1 - NEXAFS analysis of a plasma treated, partially crystalline poly(ehtylene terephtalate) surface KW - NEXAFS KW - Röntgenstrukturanalyse KW - Oberflächen behandeln KW - Plasma PY - 1996 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 279 EP - 281 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-681 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Wöll, Ch. A1 - Nick, L. T1 - The Use of Octadecyltrichlorosilane Self-Assembled Layers as a Model for the Assessment of Plasma Treatment and Metallization Effects on Polyolefins N2 - Self-assembled octadecyltrichlorosilane (CH3(CH2)17SiCl3, OTS) films were deposited on an oxidized silicon wafer. They were carefully exposed to a low-pressure oxygen direct current (dc) plasma and/or Cr vapor. Subsequently, they were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Detailed information on the oxygen functionalization and the molecular conformation of the OTS films was obtained. The main result was that functionalization conditions can be found where the order of the film remains almost unaffected. Similarly, Cr evaporation of pure OTS films revealed only slight effects on the order in the film. Cr evaporation of an ordered but functionalized OTS film immediately changes its state toward a fully isotropic one. In the course of interaction, oxygen sites at the surface of the functionalized OTS film are reduced whereas Cr becomes oxidized. A redox reaction scheme is proposed for this interfacial reaction. Finally, it is concluded that the given study should be of importance for advanced plasma processing of polyolefins. KW - NEXAFS KW - OTS Self-Assembled Layers PY - 1999 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/la981174l SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 1161 EP - 1166 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-808 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Koprinarov, Ivaylo A1 - Giebler, Rainer A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang T1 - Reactions and Intermediates at the Metal-Polymer Interface as Observed by XPS and NEXAFS Spectroscopy KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS KW - Interfacial polymer-metal redox reactions KW - Chromium-polymer intermediates KW - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy KW - Adhesion KW - Polymer-metal bonds KW - Polymer-aluminium bonds KW - Polymer-copper bonds PY - 1999 SN - 0021-8464 SN - 1545-5823 VL - 71 SP - 297 EP - 321 PB - Gordon & Breach CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-798 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Fluorescence Measurements on Functionalized Polymer Surfaces - Problems and Troubleshooting KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Polymer functionalization KW - Surface labeling KW - Pyrylium label PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1430.015 SN - 0077-8923 SN - 1749-6632 SN - 0094-8500 VL - 1130 SP - 28 EP - 34 PB - New York Academy of Sciences CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-17567 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on Plasma-Chemically Modified Polymer Surfaces with Fluorophore-Labeled Functionalities N2 - Molecular engineering of polymer surfaces that includes the attachment of functional molecules to existing or previously generated reactive chemical groups like e.g., - OH, - NH2, or - CHO requires simple strategies and tools for the controlled generation of surface functionalities and their derivatization as well as for their identification and eventually quantification. Here, we systematically investigate the plasma-chemical surface modification of polypropylene films in combination with dansyl labeling chemistry and conventional, yet costly, XPS and highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of surface groups. Based on these results, the potential of and requirements on the fluorometric characterization and quantification of surfaces functionalities are discussed. KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface functionalization KW - Covalent labeling of polymer surfaces KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescent probe PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-006-0076-x SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 441 EP - 448 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-12560 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Kühn, Gerhard A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Tailoring of polymer surfaces with monotype functional groups of variable density using chemical and plasma chemical processes N2 - Polymer surfaces were modified in low-pressure glow discharge plasmas for introduction of monotype functional groups of different type and density. For this purpose three ways are selected, (i) oxygen plasma treatment followed by wet-chemical reduction of O functional groups to OH groups, (ii) plasma bromination for introducing C - Br groups and (iii) coating by deposition of thin plasma (co-) polymerized layers of functional groups-bearing monomers with OH, NH2, COOH, epoxy etc. functionalities. Subsequently, these groups were used as anchoring points for chemical grafting of spacer molecules, oligomers, prepolymers, fluorescent labels, ionic and nucleic acid residues, employing different chemical routes. The yield in monosort functional groups at polymer surfaces ranged from 10–14 (process i), 20–40 (process ii) and 18–31 groups per 100 C atoms (process iii) as measured by XPS after derivatization. The consumption of functional groups amounted to 40–90% of all functionalities present at the surface and depended on the dimensions of grafted molecules. For infinitely variably tuning the number of functional groups process iii was performed as copolymerization of a functional group-carrying comonomer with a non-functionalized (“chain-extending”) comonomer. KW - Introduction of functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - Reactions at Polymer surfaces PY - 2006 SN - 0340-255x SN - 1437-8027 VL - 132 SP - 62 EP - 71 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-12515 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute ED - Geddes, C.D. T1 - Spectroscopic characterization of plasma - Chemically functionalized and fluorophore-labeled polymer surfaces N2 - The potential of spectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy for the characterization and quantification of different functionalities like OH and NH2 groups at plasma-chemically modified polymer surfaces is assessed using traditional reactive dyes such as dansyl derivatives and a sophisticated VIS-excitable chromogenic and fluorogenic pyrylium label showing binding-induced spectral and intensity changes in absorption and emission. Aiming at an improved fluorometric surface analysis, based upon these measurements, several sources of uncertainty inherent to fluorescence measurements are illustrated ranging from environment-dependent dye absorption and emission features over spectral correction and nonspecific adsorption to the critical influence of label choice on the measured background. Solutions to these drawbacks are given thereby underlining the potential of fluorometry for surface analysis. KW - Polymer functionalization KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface labeling PY - 2010 SN - 978-1-4419-0828-5 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1260-2_6 N1 - Serientitel: Reviews in Fluorescence – Series title: Reviews in Fluorescence VL - 5 SP - 139 EP - 160 PB - Springer Science + Business Media AN - OPUS4-21274 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Buschmann, H.-J. A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Anbindung von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen an plasmachemisch funktionalisierte und Cucurbituril-modifizierte Oberflächen N2 - Plasmapolymerisierte Allylaminschichten (50 nm) wurden auf Polypropylenfolien abgeschieden. Die auf diese Weise generierte NH2-funktionalisierte Polymeroberfläche wurde mit Xanthen-Fluorophoren chemisch umgesetzt. Da die Farbstoff-gekoppelten Folien nur geringe Fluoreszenz aufwiesen, wurden zwei Wege zur möglichen Entkopplung der Farbstoffe von der Oberfläche und damit zur Erhöhung der Fluoreszenzintensität getestet. Als erstes wurde ein Spacer durch die Umsetzung der primären Aminogruppen mit Glutaraldehyd und der nachfolgenden Kettenverlängerung mit Diaminohexan eingeführt. Diese nachfolgende Reaktion ergab eine spacergebundene NH2-Oberfläche, die analog der Allylaminschicht mit den Farbstoffen umgesetzt wurde. Als weiterer Weg wurde der Zusatz einer geeigneten Käfigverbindung, des Cucurbit[6]urils, getestet. Die spacergebundenen und zusätzlich mit Cucurbituril modifizierten aminofunktionellen Oberflächen zeigten nach der Farbstoffankopplung eine verbesserte Fluoreszenzintensität. KW - Fluoreszenz KW - Spacer KW - Cucurbituril PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/vipr.200700329 SN - 0947-076X SN - 1522-2454 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 31 EP - 37 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-16000 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian A1 - Buschmann, H.-J. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Anchoring of Fluorophores to plasma-chemically modified polymer surfaces and the effect of Cucurbit[6]uril on dye emission N2 - Polypropylene supports were functionalized by plasma-deposition of polymeric allylamine layers. The surface amino groups generated were wet-chemically reacted with xanthene dyes resulting in fluorescent polymer films. The effect of polymer-attachment of the dyes on their emission features was studied fluorometrically and different methods were tested to improve the fluorescence properties of the films. Modification with cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) yields a moderately enhanced fluorescence as well as an improved photostability. The observed effect is most likely due to CB6-induced rigidization of the linker molecules which seems to reduce fluorescence quenching dye–dye and fluorophore–surface interactions. KW - Fluorescence KW - Cucurbituril KW - Surface modification KW - Plasma functionalization KW - Polymer surface KW - Xanthene dyes PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-008-0407-1 SN - 1053-0509 SN - 1573-4994 VL - 19 SP - 229 EP - 237 PB - Plenum Publ. Corp. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-19154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Decker, Renate A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian ED - Mittal, K. T1 - Covalent coupling of fluorophores to polymer surface-bonded functional groups KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescence KW - Surface functionalization KW - Reactions at polymer surfaces KW - Spectroscopy KW - Quantification PY - 2007 SN - 978-90-6764-453-2 VL - 4 SP - 171 EP - 191 PB - VSP CY - Utrecht AN - OPUS4-14867 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Mix, Renate A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Friedrich, Jörg Florian T1 - Monitoring of Amino Functionalities on Plasma-Chemically Modified Polypropylene Supports with a Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Pyrylium Reporter N2 - A straightforward strategy toward the sensitive fluorometric detection of primary amino groups on plasma-chemically modified polypropylene supports is presented, exploiting the transformation of the sterically nonhindered pyrylium dye Py-1 into its pyridinium counterpart. The reaction-induced blue-shifted absorption and emission bands and an increased fluorescence quantum yield provide the basis for the spectroscopic distinction between covalently bound and free, that is, nonspecifically adsorbed label molecules. With this label, for the first time, plasma-chemically introduced amino functionalities could be monitored on the surface of a polymer film employing fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Surface characterization KW - Covalent labeling KW - Plasma modification KW - Fluorescent label PY - 2007 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/langd5/2007/23/i16/abs/la7004908.html SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 23 IS - 16 SP - 8411 EP - 8416 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-15717 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -