TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panasková, J. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Scutaru, A.M. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Entwicklungen der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen in Innenräumen N2 - Um eine gute Luftqualität in Gebäuden zu erreichen, müssen Reinigungslasten durch Lüften aus Räumen abgeführt bzw. vermieden oder verringert werden. Wird der Luftwechsel verringert, verschlechtert sich die Raumluftqualität, und die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer nimmt ab. An Arbeitsplätzen kann es bei schlechter Luftqualität und der daraus resultierenden Unzufriedenheit zu einer geringeren Produktivität der Beschäftigten kommen. Um die Reinigungslasten und deren Wirkung auf den Raumnutzer überdas Geruchsempfinden zu verringern, ist neben einer messtechnischen Erfassung der Verunreinigungen auch eine sensorische Prüfung in Innenräumen und von Bauprodukten notwendig. In diesem Artikel wird die Entwicklung der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen im Innenraum erläutert und auf Anwendungen eingegangen. KW - Geruch KW - Innenraum KW - Bauprodukte KW - Bewertung PY - 2014 SN - 2195-643X VL - 135 IS - 2 SP - 70 EP - 82 PB - DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH CY - München AN - OPUS4-32403 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nohr, Michael A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Lorenz, W. T1 - Development of a multi-VOC reference material for quality assurance in materials emission testing N2 - Emission test chamber measurement is necessary to proof building materials as sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results of such measurements are used to evaluate materials and label them according to their potential to emit harmful substances, polluting indoor air. If only labelled materials were installed indoors, this would improve indoor air quality and prevent negative impacts on human health. Because of the complex testing procedure, reference materials for the quality assurance are mandatory. Currently, there is a lack of such materials because most building products show a broad variation of emissions even within one batch. A previous study indicates lacquers, mixed with volatile organic pollutants, as reproducible emission source for a wide range of substances. In the present study, the curing of the lacquer-VOC mixture inside micro-chambers was optimised. Therefore, the humidity and the chamber flow were varied. Typical indoor air pollutants with a wide range of volatilities, for example, styrene, n-hexadecane, dimethyl and dibutyl phthalate were selected. It turned out that, under optimised curing parameters inside the micro-chamber, their emission can be reproduced with variations of less than 10 %. With this, a next important step towards a reference material for emission testing was achieved. KW - Reference material KW - Emission KW - Emission test chamber KW - Micro-chamber KW - VOC PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8387-2 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 407 IS - 11 SP - 3231 EP - 3237 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-32404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Pech, Anja A1 - Mull, Birte A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Determination of methanol and ethanol in test chamber air by using TDS-GC-FID N2 - A method for the determination of very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) in air was developed and successfully tested for methanol and ethanol. Carbotrap 300 (R) (a multi-bed tube using Carbopack C (R), Carbopack B (R) and Carbosive SIII (R)) was selected as sorption material for thermal desorption and tested for its suitability for emission test chamber measurements. The adsorption behaviour and the chromatographic results are influenced negatively by spiking aqueous solutions on the adsorption medium for calibration purposes. The latter effect can be reduced by blowing dry air across the adsorbent to remove the adsorbed water. Detection and quantification limits were determined for a GC-FID system and compared to GC-MS. The applicability of the method was tested with a methanol eliminating silane modified polymeric adhesive (SMP-adhesive for parquet) in an emission test chamber. T2 - Indoor Air 2014 - 13th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Hong Kong, People's Republic of China DA - 07.07.2014 KW - Methanol KW - Ethanol KW - VVOC KW - Thermal desorption KW - Carbotrap 300 PY - 2014 SP - B6-HP0620, 1-2 AN - OPUS4-32323 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Design of Reference Materials for Proficiency Tests for Measurements in Emission Test Chambers T1 - Entwicklung von Referenzmaterialien für Leistungstests bei Emissionskammermessungen N2 - Emission testing of products is currently a rapidly increasing field of measurement activity. Labelling procedures for construction products are based on such emission test chamber measurements and hence measurement performance should be verified. A suited procedure for this purpose is the testing of one unique homogenous material in different laboratories within a Round Robin Test (RRT). Therefore, it is useful to have a reference material which can be used within inter-laboratory studies or as part of the quality management system to ensure comparable results. Any commercially available product on the market can be used as reference material, provided it is thoroughly characterised. However, these materials often emit only a few and material specific VOCs and appropriate homogeneity is not given. Therefore, alternative materials should be found. Several approaches on the development of reproducibly emitting materials have been published. These have in common only to emit a single VOC – toluene. Two further research studies carried out by BAM aimed to develop reference material for emissions testing containing one or more VOC in a single material. The first approach was a doped lacquer with Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC/SVOC) and the second was Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) or a Squalane/Paraffin mixture. Currently, the second approach is not at a level that it could be tested within a RRT. Important requirements for the production of a reference material were repeatability (homogeneity), reproducibility, long-term stability in terms of compound release and transport stability. The emission rates should be high enough to obtain well measurable chamber air concentrations at standardised test conditions. The lacquer samples were prepared by weighing portions of a water-based lacquer to which defined amounts of the pure analytes were added. Defined amounts of the lacquer mixture were filled into Petri dishes and cured under standard conditions (23 °C and 50% relative humidity). Reproducible emissions were obtained when the storage time of the cured material was not longer than four weeks. The concentrations were analyzed 7 days after loading of the material into the chamber. Two RRT were conducted by use of the lacquer system. Here, the laboratories had to identify and also to quantify the compounds. The relative standard deviations obtained were typical for such a kind of test. More than 50 participants reported results. N2 - Die Untersuchung von Produkten auf deren Emissionseigenschaften ist ein aktuell wachsender Aufgabenbereich für Messinstitute. Label werden für Bauprodukte auf Basis von Emissionskammermessungen vergeben, weshalb die dabei eingesetzten Messmethoden überprüft werden sollten. Ein Ringversuch (RV), bei dem ein homogenes Material von verschiedenen Laboratorien parallel untersucht wird, ist ein geeignetes Verfahren dafür. Für einen solchen Ringversuch aber auch generell für die laborinterne Qualitätssicherung ist es sehr hilfreich ein Referenzmaterial zu haben, um gut vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten. Generell kann jedes kommerziell erhältliche Produkt als Referenzmaterial verwendet werden, wenn es gut charakterisiert ist. Allerdings emittieren die meisten Produkte nur wenige VOC und diese sind typischerweise sehr materialspezifisch. Die Homogenität der Materialien ist nicht immer gegeben, so ist es besser, nach alternativen Materialien zu suchen. Es sind schon einige Veröffentlichungen zu reproduzierbar emittierenden Materialien verfügbar. Diese enthalten bislang zumeist nur ein einzelnes VOC – Toluol. Im Rahmen von zwei Forschungsvorhaben arbeitet die BAM an der Entwicklung von Referenzmaterialien für Emissionskammer-Untersuchungen, die einzelne VOC oder VOC-Mischungen emittieren. Der erste Ansatz war die Dotierung eines kommerziellen Lackes mit einer VOC/SVOC-Mischung, weitere Untersuchungen werden mit Thermo¬plastischem Polyurethan (TPU) sowie einer Squalan/Paraffin-Mischung durchgeführt. Da mit dem zweiten Ansatz noch Tests laufen, ist damit noch kein RV durchgeführt worden. Wichtige Anforderungen an ein Referenzmaterial sind die Wiederholbarkeit (Homogenität), Reprodu-zierbarkeit und Langzeitstabilität in Bezug auf die VOC-Abgabe und die Transportstabilität. Die Emissionsraten sollten hoch genug sein, um gut messbare Kammerluft-Konzentrationen bei Standardbedingungen zu erhalten. In einen wasserbasierten Lack wurde eine VOC/SVOC-Mischung zugegeben und nach der Durchmischung wurden davon einzelne Portionen in Petrischalen abgefüllt. Diese Schalen wurden unter Standardbedingungen (23 °C und 50% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit) getrocknet. Reproduzierbare Emissionen wurden erhalten, wenn die Lagerzeit ca. vier Wochen nicht überschritten wurde. Die Konzentrationen wurden sieben Tage nach der Beladung der Kammer bestimmt. Zwei RV wurden mit einem wie oben beschriebenen Lacksystem durchgeführt. Es nahmen ca. 50 Labore teil, diese mussten die Zielsubstanzen sowohl identifizieren als auch quantifizieren. Die gefundenen Mittelwerte und Standardabweichungen lagen jeweils im zu erwartenden Bereich für solch einen RV. T2 - Odour and Emission of Plastic Materials CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 21.03.2017 KW - Ringversuch KW - Round robin test KW - Emissionskammer KW - Emission test chamber KW - Referenzmaterial KW - Reference material PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40299 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Mull, Birte A1 - Sauerwald, T. A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Schultealbert, C. T1 - Development of a reproducibly emitting reference material for volatile organic compounds N2 - The aim of this study is the development of a reproducibly emitting reference material for volatile organic compounds (VOC). The first part of the work was carried out with styrene, for which supporting materials were successfully selected, doped and analyzed in test chambers. T2 - Indoor Air 2016 The 14th international conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate CY - Ghent, Belgium DA - 03.07.2016 KW - Quality control KW - Emission test chamber KW - Indoor air KW - Quality assurance PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-9846855-5-4 AN - OPUS4-36849 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pech, Anja A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Analysis of very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) with thermal desorption GC-MS N2 - Most VVOC were rarely considered in the evaluation of construction products. (Salthammer, 2014) In Germany this will change because the latest version of the German AgBB scheme for health evaluation (2015) now include VVOC, e.g. ethyl acetate and ethanol. In this study selected compounds were tested with the procedure described in ISO 16017 and a method for measuring VVOC with thermal desorption was developed. Three different adsorbents Tenax TA, Carbograph 5TD and Carbopack X were tested to analyse VVOC according to ISO 16017. For the tested VVOC, Carbograph 5TD showed the best results under the chosen analytical conditions. T2 - Indoor Air 2016, The 14th international conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate CY - Gent, Belgium DA - 03.07.2016 KW - Thermal desorption KW - VVOC KW - Carbograph 5TD KW - Carbopack X PY - 2016 SP - Paper 889, 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-37035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Mull, Birte A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Mölders, N. A1 - Renner, M. T1 - Reproducibly emitting reference material on thermoplastic polyurethane basis for quality assurance/quality control of emission test chamber measurements N2 - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are ubiquitous in the indoor air since they are emitted from materials used indoors. Investigations of these materials are mostly carried out in emission test chambers under controlled climatic conditions. Reference materials are an important tool for quality assurance/Quality control of emission test chamber measurements but so far they are not commercially available. In this study, a new approach was tested to develop an appropriate reference material with homogenous and reproducible emission of the VOC with well measurable air concentrations in emission test Chambers larger than 20 L at air change rates of 0.5 - 1 /h. Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) was selected as Matrix material which was impregnated with 2,2,4- trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (texanol) as test VOC using compressed carbon dioxide. An optimization of the impregnation parameters such as temperature, pressure, time, VOC injection volume and TPU sample size was performed until the targeted area specific Emission rate (SERa) value was reached. Further aspects like process control, storage effects and correlation of the sample size to the emission rate were investigated. It was found that the SERa immediately after sample preparation were not reproducible between the batches but became unified 10 days after loading into the test chamber indicating the necessity of aging before use. SERa between 13,000 and 18,000 mg m-2 h-1 were obtained, and the impregnated materials could be well stored in aluminum-coated polyethylene foil for at least seven weeks without significant losses. Furthermore, the impregnation of styrene and the SVOC 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene was tested. KW - Reference material KW - Emissions testing KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Polymer material KW - CO2 assisted impregnation PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.06.005 SN - 0360-1323 SN - 1873-684X VL - 122 SP - 230 EP - 236 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-40646 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Schultealbart, Caroline T1 - Reference materials for round robin tests for emission test chambers – a review N2 - Since some volatile organic compounds (VOC) are dangerous to human health whilst others cause harm to the environment by influencing the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere, the overall aim of the KEY-VOCs project is to improve the measurement infrastructure for Key Volatile Organic Compounds in indoor and outdoor air. This is done by providing traceable and comparable reference gas standards and by validating new measurement systems in support to the air monitoring networks. T2 - Metrologie for indoor air quality CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 29.06.2017 KW - Emission test chamber KW - QA/QC KW - Reference material KW - Round robin test KW - VOC PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41938 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mull, Birte A1 - Sauerwald, T. A1 - Schultealbert, C. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Richter, Matthias T1 - Reproducibly emitting reference materials for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds—using finite element modeling for emission predictions N2 - Recent research into emissions of (semi-)volatile organic compounds [(S)VOC] from solid materials has focused on the development of suitable reference materials for quality assurance/quality control of emission test chamber measurements, which fulfill requirements such as homogenous and reproducible (S)VOC release. The approach of this study was to find a method for preparation of a material with predictable (S)VOC emission rates. AVOC (styrene) and an SVOC (2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene, DIPN), loaded into either vacuum grease or a 1:1 mixture of paraffin/squalane, have been tested. For the prediction of the emission rates, a model using the finite element method (FEM) was created to simulate the (S)VOC emission profiles. Theoretical and experimental results obtained in a Micro-Chamber/Thermal Extractor (μ-CTE™) and in 24 L emission test chamber measurements were in good agreement. Further properties were investigated concerning the material applicability, such as shelf life and inter-laboratory comparability. The maximum relative standard deviation in the inter-laboratory study was found to be 20%. KW - Emitting reference material KW - Emission test chamber KW - Micro-chamber KW - FEM model PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0508-6 SN - 1873-9318 SN - 1873-9326 VL - 10 IS - 10 SP - 1237 EP - 1246 PB - Springer Science+Business Media B.V. AN - OPUS4-41951 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Dahms, A. A1 - Bitter, F. A1 - Wargocki, P. A1 - Olesen, B. A1 - Knudsen, H.N. A1 - Afshari, A. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Airaksinen, M. A1 - Järnström, H. A1 - Tirkkonen, T. A1 - Witterseh, T. T1 - Material labelling: Combined material emission tests and sensory evaluations T2 - Indoor Air 2008, 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 2008-08-17 KW - Material labelling KW - Emission test KW - Sensory evaluation KW - Odour intensity KW - Acceptability PY - 2008 IS - Paper 1066 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-18047 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Kalus, Sabine A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Kasche, J. T1 - Chemische analytische Bewertung von Baustoffemissionen T2 - Deutsche Kälte-Klima-Tagung 2008 CY - Ulm, Deutschland DA - 2008-11-20 KW - AgBB-Schema KW - VOC KW - Emissionen KW - Bauprodukte KW - Bewertung Emissionen PY - 2008 IS - AA.IV.15 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-18406 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Bauproduktüberprüfung und Geruch - Neue Entwicklungen im Rahmen von Label-Systemen T2 - 11. Workshop "Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials" CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 2009-03-30 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-19331 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rockstroh, Jens A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Development of a reliable test method for laser printers, copiers and multifunctional devices in emission test chambers - Part 1 N2 - Background to the studies was the revision of the current selection criteria of the German ecolabel Blauer Engel (“Blue angel“) for copiers and printers. In the requirements limits were set for ozone, dust and styrene emissions. The former test methods did no longer correspond to today’s requirements with regard to emission measurements. In addition, the emission behaviour of hardcopy devices due to the use of different and non-com parable test methods has been recently discussed controversely. For this reason a new test method had to be developed which enables a reliable, reproducible determination of emission rates (ER) for dust, ozone and VOC (volatile organic compounds). The basis for this was the ECMA-Standard 328 compiled by ECMA (European Computer Manufacturer Association) using dynamic chamber measurements. Nine different machines, desktop laser printers as well as office devices like bigger copiers and multifunctional devices were investigated. As a result of the study new criteria for the Blauer Engel for copiers, printers and a new created for multifunctional devices, concerning TVOC, ozone and dust emission were determined. Additionally a model is presented calculating the concentrations in real rooms under usual printing conditions derived from the test chamber results. PY - 2005 SN - 0949-8036 SN - 0039-0771 SN - 1436-4891 VL - 65 IS - 3 SP - 71 EP - 80 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-7210 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Classification of OSB emissions assessed with a German evaluation scheme T2 - 8th international Conference on Healthy Buildings 2006 CY - Lisbon, Portugal DA - 2006-06-04 PY - 2006 AN - OPUS4-13232 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Kasche, J. A1 - Bitter, F. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Müller, B. T1 - Environmental and Health Provisions for Building Products - Identification and evaluation of VOC emissions and odour exposure (Research Report 202 62 320 / UBA-FB 001002) N2 - In this study 50 construction products were tested in emission test chambers according to the requirements of the AgBB-scheme: 7 acrylic and 6 silicone sealants, 6 paste-like synthetic resin plasters, 13 wood based products, 4 adhesives, 5 lacquers, 6 wall paints and 3 further construction products. VOC and odour emissions were tested on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, and 28th day. In addition to the VOC-measurements, a test procedure was developed to evaluate odour emission of construction products.This test is planned to be implemented into the AgBB-Scheme. A direct evaluation by a sensory panel in the emission test chamber was not possible. So the odour samples were collected in 300- litre tedlar bags which were evaluated later. Odour intensity of the samples was compared with different acetone concentrations. Within this study an interlaboratory comparison was conducted using the newly developed odour test method. Additionally, VVOC emissions, detection of carcinogenic compounds, repeatability of emission test chamber tests, and other issues are presented. This project has shown that construction products can be evaluated in accordance with the AgBB scheme. A sensory evaluation is intended to be introduced in the AgBB scheme. A method for this evaluation is described in this study. The test procedure should be enhanced and validated for practical utilisation. KW - Building products KW - Emissions KW - Odour KW - AgBB-Scheme KW - Chamber tests KW - Interlaboratory study KW - Construction products KW - Emission test chamber KW - Odour evaluation KW - VOC KW - VVOC KW - SVOC KW - Thermal desorption KW - GC/MS KW - GC-ODP KW - Odour standard of comparison KW - Gas sensor KW - Acrylic and silicone sealant KW - Wood-based product KW - Paints KW - Lacquers KW - Interlaboratory comparison PY - 2007 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/environmental-health-provisions-for-building SN - 1862-4804 SN - 0722-186X IS - 21 SP - 1 EP - 381 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-15931 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Plehn, W. A1 - Müller, D. T1 - VOC emissions from building materials accompanying sensory tests for different evaluation schemes N2 - Within a follow up project of a former study (Horn et al. 2005) emissions and odor from different types of construction products were investigated (financed by the German Federal Environmental Agency - FKZ 37 07 62 300). The tested materials were mainly those used for construction of floors indoors. For this type of materials in Germany several labeling procedures exist which are based on Emission chamber testing. Two important labeling procedures in Germany are based on the AgBBevaluation scheme (Däumling et al. 2005). For some applications (flooring material) it is the mandatory Ü-mark of DIBt (German Institute for Construction Technology). Furthermore for carpets, adhesives and many other products, like sealants, mattresses, furniture and so on the voluntary blue angel mark exist. Within this scheme the volatile organic compounds (VOC) compounds are measured with well established procedures and are evaluated with LCI-values which were derived from health information. Beyond that many complaints according to building products are caused by odors. Therefore an evaluation procedure for the odor is very important and should be implemented into all of the mentioned labeling schemes. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Odor KW - Construction product KW - VOC-emission KW - Evaluation KW - AgBB PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Results of sensory tests and sensory-limit settings for building materials in Germany N2 - Indoor air pollutants influence the health and comfort of building occupants and consequently the energy consumption of the building. The pollutants are emitted by various sources. Among these sources, building products are of particular importance. To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany also mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. This procedure is based on the assessment scheine of the Committee for Health-related Evaluation of Building Products (AgBBScheme). The sensory-limit settings for building-material label Blue Angel offer consumer to differ not only low-emission but also low-odour Building materials from another building materials. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Perceived air-quality KW - Odour evaluation KW - Odour labelling KW - Test procedure KW - Standardisation PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23882 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Wiegner, Katharina T1 - Inter-laboratory study to check the performance ot test chamber measurements for product emission testing N2 - The labelling of construction products or building materials as “low-emitting” is based on measurements using third-party emission test chambers. Unfortunately there is no method to validate the performance of such test chamber measurements. This might give a Variation of results when testing one material at different laboratories. Therefore it is necessary to hold round robin tests as part of the quality management System to ensure comparable results. A research project financed by the Federal Environmental Agency focused on the development of an external quality management System for the detection of relevant Chemical compounds from products and in ambient air. The project was structured in four phases (Horn et al., 2009 and 2011; Wilke et al., 2009a) This paper shows results of the fourth phase of the project, which was an inter-laboratory study for VOC-emission testing by means of emission test chambers. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Emission test chamber KW - Product emission testing KW - VOC-Emission KW - Round robin test PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23884 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - European Test Method Validation Approaches T2 - NIST/Virginia Tech Workshop: Reference Material Development for Product Emissions Testing CY - Gaithersburg, MD, USA DA - 2011-04-28 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23913 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panasková, J. A1 - Danielak, M. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Sensory-based evaluation of building product emissions - Integration into the Blue Angel award criteria and assessment scheme of the Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products (UBA-FB 001500 / Förder-Kennz. 370762300) N2 - Emissions from building products can considerably impair the quality of indoor air. The AgBB scheme is employed to evaluate the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from building products. The hygienic evaluation according to the AgBB scheme requires product-specific measuring procedures. These are available for a range of products. They have been validated in co-operation with several research and testing institutes and have been included in the criteria for awarding the Blue Angel ecolabel. The evaluation is, however, stricter and generally has lower limits. VOC emissions and odours can cause health problems so testing using sensors is an important element in the evaluation of building products and has – for reasons of precaution – been set down in the AgBB scheme. The main goal of the project was to derive a method of evaluation using sensors and limits for awarding the Blue Angel and for the AgBB scheme. Based on the research conducted (see Chapter 5 Results and Discussion), perceived intensity and hedonics were suggested as a suitable Evaluation method. The derivation of limits for the evaluation using sensors on the 28th day was effected in the present study through the additional questioning of the test subjects on the reasonability of a sample. For the Blue Angel, there could be different limits of perceived intensity and hedonics for each group of products. A preliminary suggestion for possible limits – for all product groups – is a perceived intensity of 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi as confidence coefficient, Chapter 5.1.5) and -1 (0+/-0.8, rounded to -1) for the hedonic value. KW - Labelsysteme KW - VOC KW - Geruch KW - Geruchstest KW - Emissionsmessungen KW - Building product KW - Directive KW - Health care KW - Pollutant KW - Test method KW - Hydrocarbon KW - Testing using sensors KW - Emission KW - Emission test chamber KW - Odour KW - AgBB scheme KW - Health assessment KW - Assessment procedure KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Very volatile organic compounds KW - VVOC KW - Semi volatile organic compounds KW - SVOC KW - Thermal desorption KW - GC/MS KW - GC-ODP KW - Odour standard of comparison KW - Floor coverings KW - Coverings KW - Blue Angel KW - Odour evaluation KW - Acceptability KW - Perceived intensity KW - Hedonic KW - Reasonability KW - Standardization KW - Environmental sign KW - Volatile emission KW - Product labelling PY - 2011 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/sensory-based-evaluation-of-building-product SN - 1862-4804 IS - 61 SP - 1-133, Annex 1-109 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-25200 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brandt, S. A1 - Müller, Birgit A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Panasková, J. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Messung und Bewertung von Gerüchen aus Bauprodukten für den Innenraum T1 - Measurement and evaluation of odour emissions from building products for indoor usage N2 - Messung und Bewertung von Gerüchen aus Bauprodukten für den Innenraum gewinnen vor allem durch den zunehmenden Bau energieeffizienter Gebäude an Bedeutung. Intensive und unangenehme Gerüche werden von Bewohnerinnen, Bewohnern und Angestellten nicht akzeptiert und können auf Dauer krank machen. Bislang stand noch kein allgemein anerkanntes Messverfahren zur Verfügung. Dieses wurde nun in Forschungsprojekten entwickelt, wobei auch konkrete Bewertungsvorschläge zur Zumutbarkeit von Gerüchen gemacht wurden. Das Verfahren ist an die Messung der Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Bauprodukten gekoppelt und nutzt Probanden, um die Geruchsstärke (Intensität) und den Geruchseindruck (Hedonik) zu ermitteln. In der Praxis wird das Verfahren nun an verschiedenen Stellen erprobt. Die Bewertung der Geruchsemissionen gibt der Industrie die Möglichkeit, geruchsarme Produkte zu gestalten. Die Kennzeichnung geruchsarmer Bauprodukte mit dem Umweltzeichen Blauer Engel erleichtert Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern die Orientierung beim Einkauf. N2 - Measuring and evaluating odour emissions from building products used in indoor spaces are becoming increasingly important for the construction of energy-efficient buildings. Intensive and unpleasant smells are not accepted by inhabitants and employees and may lead to negative health effects. Up to now a consistent measuring method for odour emissions has not been available. A measuring method and also concrete standards for the assessment of odours by using reasonableness of smells have now been developed in succeeding research projects. The procedure uses a panel of test persons to determine the strength (intensity) and impression (hedonic appraisal) of odour and is linked to the already well established measurement of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products. At the Moment the new procedure is tested in practice at different laboratories. Evaluating odour emissions helps manufacturers to develop products with low or very low odour emissions. The labeling of low-odour Building products with the environmental label Blue Angel gives consumers an orientation for purchase. KW - Labelsysteme KW - VOC KW - Geruch KW - Geruchstest KW - Emissionsmessungen PY - 2011 SN - 2190-1120 SN - 2190-1147 VL - 4 SP - 50 EP - 58 PB - BfS CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25210 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Different Possibilities for the Statistical Evaluation of Round Robin Tests for Volatile Organic Compounds in Emission Test Chambers T2 - Healthy Buildings 2012 CY - Brisbane, Australia DA - 2012-07-08 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26230 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Do Particleboards produced with recycled wood contribute to indoor air pollution with biocides? T2 - 7th International Conference Healthy Buildings 2003: Energy-Efficient Healthy Buildings CY - Singapore DA - 2003-07-13 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3239 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Evaluation of material emissions for museum equipment – BEMMA-Scheme N2 - Museums worldwide are equipped with different display cases. Exhibit display cases should protect cultural objects from dust as well as from mechanical and physical damage. To ensure a stable climate inside the display cases, a low air exchange rate is maintained. Typically air exchange rates are often smaller than 0.1 d 1, which can result in rising concentrations of potential harmful immissions inside of the display cases due to emissions from materials. Especially high concentrations of organic acids, which can emit from e.g. sealing materials, can produce damage of cultural objects. In 2012 BAM introduced a procedure witch is called: BEMMA-Scheme (Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museumsausstattungen) which stands for: “Assessment of Emissions from Materials for Museum Equipment”. Micro chambers are used for VOC emission tests of display case construction materials, e.g. textiles, plastics, sealing material, coatings and others. Each sampling procedure is carried out in duplicate. Emissions like formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde and oximes are excluded and the sum of emissions of VVOCs, VOCs and SVOCs is limited. For a positive assessment all listed criteria must be fulfilled; otherwise the display construction material fails the BEMMA scheme. The BEMMA scheme is not a guarantee for an emission free display case, but a necessary requirement for the choice of suitable materials for emission and immission reduced display cases. The basic evaluation for the values used for first assessments were a ZIM-project with nearly 100 tested materials. In-between more than 100 new materials were tested and enlarged the knowledge about material emissions from display case materials. Mainly silicone sealing materials were tested due to the fact that this group of material have the highest emissions. With regard to the testing procedure only construction materials were evaluated, not the display cases their self. Nevertheless in combination with the certificate also designed by BAM additionally the further steps of construction can be taken into account. So other factors such as age and storage time of materials, tightness respectively air change rate, air condition or ventilation of display cases can be included in the evaluation. T2 - Airmon: 9th International Symposium on Modern Principles of Air Monitoring and Biomonitoring CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 11.06.2017 KW - Display cases KW - BEMMA KW - Museum KW - Emission KW - VOC PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41937 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klein, Luise A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Bethke, Robert T1 - Bestimmung der Aufnahmeraten von VVOCs aus Raumluft in Passivprobenahmesystemen N2 - Für die Bewertung der Innenraumluftqualitat ist die Bestimmung der Konzentration von sehr flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (very volatile organic compounds — VVOCs) von großer Wichtigkeit. Im Besonderen bei den Deutschen Umweltstudien zur Gesundheit (GerES) des Umweltbundesamts erfolgt die Probenahme von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOCs) üblicherweise mit Passivsammlern, über deren material- und substanzspezifische Aufnahmeraten Rückschlisse auf die Konzentration der einzelnen Verbindungen gezogen werden können. Ziel dieses Projekts im Ressortforschungsplan (REFOPLAN) ist es, von 55 ausgewählten VVOCs die realen Aufnahmeraten auf Thermodesorptionsrohren als Passivsammlern experimentell zu bestimmen. Dafür wird eine entwickelte Analysemethode für VWOCs mittels Thermodesorption-Gaschromatographie/Massenspektrometrie (TD-GC/MS) verwendet. Passivsammler mit verschiedenen Adsorbenzien werden für sieben Tage (23°C, 50 % r.E) mit den VVOCs exponiert. Carbograph 5TD weist für die ersten getesteten VVOCs die höchsten Aufnahmeraten auf. KW - VVOC KW - Passivsammler KW - Innenraumluft KW - Umweltstudien PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2025-03-04-65 SN - 0949-8036 VL - 85 IS - 03-04 SP - 65 EP - 70 PB - VDI Fachmedien GmbH & Co. KG CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-63635 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -