TY - RPRT A1 - Brosig, Laura A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Pyza, Lars A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Ringversuch zur Einführung der Geruchsmessungen nach DIN ISO 16000-28 in die Bewertung von Bauprodukten N2 - Während in der Vergangenheit insbesondere die Entwicklung einer sensorischen Prüfmethode (in DIN ISO 16000-28 und VDI 4302-1 genormt und im AgBB-Schema verankert) für die Bewertung von Bauprodukten im Vordergrund der Betrachtungen stand, wurde im Rahmen der vom UBA initiierten Pilotphase mithilfe des Ringversuches erstmals die institutsübergreifende Anwendbarkeit dieser Verfahren untersucht. Ziel dabei war es, noch bestehende Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit der Prüfmethode zu identifizieren und Empfehlungen für das weitere Vorgehen herauszuarbeiten. KW - Geruchsmessung KW - Empfundene Intensität KW - Hedonik KW - VOC KW - Bauprodukt PY - 2015 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/ringversuch-zur-einfuehrung-der-geruchsmessungen SN - 1862-4804 VL - 88/2014 SP - UBA-FB 002049, EP - 1-141 CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-34885 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brandt, S. A1 - Brozowski, Frank A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Plehn, W. A1 - Müller, B. T1 - Weiterentwicklung des Geruchsmessverfahrens für Bauprodukte (Teil II): Anwendung eines Adapters und vereinfachtes Bewertungsverfahren T1 - Further Development of the Odour Measurement Method for Building Products (Part II) N2 - Zur Weiterentwicklung der Probenpräsentation wurde ein Adapter entwickelt, der Emissionsprüfkammer und Bewertungstrichter miteinander verbindet und dadurch eine der direkten Messung vergleichbare Geruchsbewertung ermöglicht. Die analytischen Messungen zeigen, dass es kaum Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Probenluft in der Kammer im Vergleich zum Probenbehälter gibt. Bei den olfaktorischen Messungen kam es jedoch bei der Bewertung der Probenluft mit Hilfe des Adapters zu Minderbefunden. Anschließende Untersuchungen zeigten, dass beim Ausschalten des Geräts Umgebungsluft über den Trichter in den Adapter strömt und zu einer Verdünnung der Probenluft führt. Um dies zu vermeiden, werden derzeit weitere Messungen durchgeführt. Eine weitere Versuchsreihe wurde durchgeführt, um den Messaufwand bei der Bewertung der empfundenen Intensität zu reduzieren. Die entwickelte „größer-oder-kleiner/gleich“ Abfrage kann hier hilfreich sein. Die Untersuchungen im Luftqualitätslabor und im Rahmen eines Ringversuches mit verschiedenen Laboren, zeigen, dass die Abfrage in fast allen Fällen zu den gleichen Ergebnissen führt, wie die normgerechte aber aufwendigere Ermittlung der empfundenen Intensität mithilfe des Vergleichsmaßstabes. N2 - For technical improvement of sample presentation an adapter was developed to connect the emission test chamber with the evaluation funnel and thus enabling a more direct measurement. The analytical measurements demonstrate that the air has a very similar composition sampled at the funnel or in the emission test chamber. The results of the olfactory measurements show overall that the intensities determined using the adapter are often reported as lower. Further investigations have shown that air backflow via the funnel into the sample container of the adapter may be the cause. This has to be avoided in future. Another experimental series was carried out to reduce the measurement effort of evaluation of perceived intensity. Here application of the developed ‘greater than, or less than/equal to’ survey could be helpful. The results of the measurements in the air quality lab and in the frame of a round robin test indicate, that the survey leads to the same evaluation as the more complex determination of perceived intensity with standard method. KW - Geruchsmessung KW - VOC-Emission KW - Bauprodukte KW - Bewertungsverfahren PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549875 UR - http://www.gefahrstoffe.de SN - 0949-8036 SN - 1436-4891 VL - 82 IS - 3-4 SP - 83 EP - 89 PB - VDI Fachmedien CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-54987 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brosig, Laura A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Method-verification and optimisation of the standardised assessment of odour intensity regarding ISO 16000-28 N2 - Besides measurement of VOC emissions also the evaluation of odour emissions and the perceived intensity of odours gains in importance. Due to difficulties detected in the measurement method of the perceived intensity described in (ISO 16000-28, 2012) the introduction of “reference” odours will be recommended for the training of panellists and as basis for interlaboratory comparisons. In order to generate the “reference” odours standard liquid substances were directly injected into the main gas flow provided to the panellists. One of the substances tested was ethyl acetate. A pre-evaluation was conducted with six untrained panellists and has shown that ethyl acetate is potentially suitable as reference odour. For further validation of those “reference” odours they additionally will be provided to and evaluated by trained panellists of well established-measurement institutes. T2 - Indoor Air 2016 The 14th international conference of Indoor Air Quality and Climate CY - Ghent, Belgium DA - 03.07.2016 KW - Odour assessment KW - Perceived odour intensity KW - Reference odour KW - Emission testing KW - Building products PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-9846855-5-4 SP - Paper 568, 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-38373 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Zertifizierung emissionarmer Materialien für Museumsvitrinen N2 - Anregungen aus dem N.i.Ke.-Workshop 2017 und künftige Anforderungen. BEMMA steht für Bewertung von Emissionen aus Materialien für Museumsausstattungen. Es ist die Kurzbezeichnung für ein Schema/Verfahren zur Untersuchung und Bewertung flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Werkstoffen, die im mittelbaren Kontakt mit historischen Materialien des Kunst- und Kulturgutes stehen. Hier wird der Status-Quo des Erreichten dargestellt. Wie wird das Schema in der Museumsöffentlichkeit wahrgenommen und seine Akzeptanz. T2 - BZS-Beirat CY - BAM, Berlin, Germany DA - 19.01.2018 KW - BEMMA KW - Museumsvitrinen KW - VOC-Emissionen PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-43860 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Wilke, Olaf A1 - Mull, B. A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Mölders, N. A1 - Renner, M. T1 - Reproducibly emitting reference material for quality assurance/quality control of emission test chamber measurements N2 - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are ubiquitous in the indoor air, since they emit from materials used indoors. Investigations of these materials are mostly carried out in test chambers under controlled climatic conditions. Quality control of these test chamber measurements is important but there is a lack of commercially available homogenous reference materials as required for round robin tests or quality assurance of laboratories. The approach of the present study is the impregnation of a supporting material with VOC, which are reproducibly released in measurable chamber air concentrations under standardised test conditions. A polymer made of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) was chosen as carrier material. It was impregnated with the VOC trimethyl pentanediol isobutyrat (texanol). T2 - Healthy Buildings 2017 Europe CY - Lublin, Poland DA - 02.07.2017 KW - Emissions testing KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Polymeric material KW - CO2 assisted impregnation PY - 2017 SN - 978-83-7947-232-1 SP - Paper 0172, 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-42348 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - Quality Improvement of VOC chamber emission tests observed for 10 years with round robin tests N2 - In Europe, the Construction Products Regulation (CPR, 2011/305/EU) sets basic requirements (BR) on how construction works must be designed and built. BR 3 “hygiene, health and the environment” states low emissions of toxic gases, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCVOCs), particles, etc. from building materials. Meanwhile, a worldwide network of professional Commercial and non-commercial laboratories performing emission tests for the evaluation of products for interior use has been established. Therefore, comparability of test results must be ensured. The participation in Round Robin Tests (RRTRRTs) is a means to prove a laboratory’s proficiency. Since 2006 BAM offers such proficiency test for emission chamber test every two years. Any commercially available product on the market can be used as reference material, provided it is thoroughly characterised. However, these materials often emit only a few and material specific VOCs and appropriate homogeneity is not given. Therefore, alternative materials should be found. BAM used different materials over the years. Currently, the best suited reference material is a cured lacquer surface which contained several VOCs added to the liquid lacquer system. The round robin tests 2014, 2016 and 2018 were conducted with such a system. Compounds like Styrene or n-Alkanes like Decane or Tridecane were tested in many of the proficiency test operated by BAM. Up to now the relative standard deviation of these compounds decrease continuously. Starting with values about 30 % in 2008 we reached values for the mentioned compounds 15 to 20 % now. But even for more polar compounds improved results were received. Over the years the results of a large group of laboratories detected many compounds with much higher accuracy than at the beginning. So, the comparability between results of different laboratories becomes much better. T2 - International Conference on Risk Assessment of Indoor Air Chemicals CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.09.2018 KW - Chamber test KW - Round robin test KW - VOC-emission PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-47906 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang T1 - VOC-Sampling inside display cases with focus on BEMMA evaluation N2 - Museum display cases aim to protect art and cultural goods not only from theft and vandalism, but also from dirt and dust. An often-heard argument within a call for tender of new display cases is that there should be no emission inside of the display case. This is nearly impossible for new ones especially when they must also fulfill the requirement of an air change rate of less than 0.1 per day. For example, constructions or decorations in exhibition spaces, storage containers in depot rooms, and exhibition display cases release volatile substances that might lead to irreversible changes or, under certain circumstances, damage to the stored or displayed objects. In Germany beneath the well-established Oddy-test also the BEMMA procedure is used to evaluate the construction materials. For larger amounts of display cases control measurements of VOCs at the end of construction or buildup is quite common. However, what is necessary to measure the air inside of display cases. What are the circumstances when the display cases were closed before the test period? Is it possible to organize a clean environment for reliable measurements. How comparable are the resulting VOCs with results from BEMMA test and control measurement at the end. The BEMMA procedure should include a further VOC-test at 60 °C. What are the benefits of this enlargement. Mainly materials that have a high potential to store VOCs inside of the material in combination with a less permeable surface should be evaluated stricter than others. T2 - IAQ 2024 The International Conference on Indoor Air Quality in Heritage and Historic Environments CY - New York, USA DA - 18.11.2024 KW - Emission KW - Air quality KW - Display cases KW - VOC PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-61967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Brosig, Laura A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Ringversuche zur Einführung von Geruchsmessungen in die Bewertung von Bauprodukten entsprechend der DIN ISO 16000-28 und VDI 4302-1 N2 - The DIN ISO 16000-28 and VDI 4302-1 describe a method for the assessment of the perceived intensity of odours. It is based on a trained assessment panel using a referencing scale that provides defined acetone concentrations. Due to the AgBB-scheme including a place holder for odour assessment it is currently checked whether the method is applicable. To check the applicability a pilot phase regarding the „Implementation of Odour Measurements into the Assessment of Building Products“ was started by AgBB1 in 2012. Düring this phase amongst others two interlaboratory tests were conducted. The first one in 2012 served to test the applicability and to identify need and potential for improvement. Based on those findings an additional Standard Operation procedure was developed for the second interlaboratory test in 2014. The second interlaboratory test confirmed the findings of the first one and the need for improvement of the measurement method as well. Nonetheless both tests showed Standard deviations of reproducibility between 20 and 40%. Standard deviations of reproducibility of well-established interlaboratory tests for VOCs show comparable results. T2 - 17. Workshop - Geruch und Emissionen bei Kunststoffen CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 16.03.2015 PY - 2015 SP - 8-1 EP - 8-9 AN - OPUS4-33075 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panasková, J. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Scutaru, A.M. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Entwicklungen der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen in Innenräumen N2 - Um eine gute Luftqualität in Gebäuden zu erreichen, müssen Reinigungslasten durch Lüften aus Räumen abgeführt bzw. vermieden oder verringert werden. Wird der Luftwechsel verringert, verschlechtert sich die Raumluftqualität, und die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer nimmt ab. An Arbeitsplätzen kann es bei schlechter Luftqualität und der daraus resultierenden Unzufriedenheit zu einer geringeren Produktivität der Beschäftigten kommen. Um die Reinigungslasten und deren Wirkung auf den Raumnutzer überdas Geruchsempfinden zu verringern, ist neben einer messtechnischen Erfassung der Verunreinigungen auch eine sensorische Prüfung in Innenräumen und von Bauprodukten notwendig. In diesem Artikel wird die Entwicklung der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen im Innenraum erläutert und auf Anwendungen eingegangen. KW - Geruch KW - Innenraum KW - Bauprodukte KW - Bewertung PY - 2014 SN - 2195-643X VL - 135 IS - 2 SP - 70 EP - 82 PB - DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH CY - München AN - OPUS4-32403 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nohr, Michael A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Richter, Matthias A1 - Lorenz, W. T1 - Development of a multi-VOC reference material for quality assurance in materials emission testing N2 - Emission test chamber measurement is necessary to proof building materials as sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results of such measurements are used to evaluate materials and label them according to their potential to emit harmful substances, polluting indoor air. If only labelled materials were installed indoors, this would improve indoor air quality and prevent negative impacts on human health. Because of the complex testing procedure, reference materials for the quality assurance are mandatory. Currently, there is a lack of such materials because most building products show a broad variation of emissions even within one batch. A previous study indicates lacquers, mixed with volatile organic pollutants, as reproducible emission source for a wide range of substances. In the present study, the curing of the lacquer-VOC mixture inside micro-chambers was optimised. Therefore, the humidity and the chamber flow were varied. Typical indoor air pollutants with a wide range of volatilities, for example, styrene, n-hexadecane, dimethyl and dibutyl phthalate were selected. It turned out that, under optimised curing parameters inside the micro-chamber, their emission can be reproduced with variations of less than 10 %. With this, a next important step towards a reference material for emission testing was achieved. KW - Reference material KW - Emission KW - Emission test chamber KW - Micro-chamber KW - VOC PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8387-2 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 407 IS - 11 SP - 3231 EP - 3237 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-32404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -