TY - CONF A1 - Feistkorn, S. A1 - Algernon, D. A1 - Arndt, R. A1 - Ebell, Gino A1 - Friese, M. A1 - Grosse, C. U. A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - Niederleithiger, Ernst A1 - Schickert, M. A1 - Schulze, S. A1 - Taffe, A. A1 - Walther, A. A1 - Wolf, J. A1 - Zoega, A. A1 - Zwanzig, M. T1 - Introduction to DIN 4871: Qualification of NDT Personnel in Civil Engineering (NDT‐CE) N2 - Recently, non-destructive testing in civil engineering (NDT-CE), in particular of concrete components, has successfully mastered the leap from research to practice. Several methods have been established for field inspections to determine the concrete cover of reinforcement or to estimate the compressive strength as well as other parameters related to the concrete material. In addition, the application of non-destructive testing is indispensable, if information about the inner structure - such as the location of rebars and tendon ducts or the damage-related condition assessment to detect grouting defects, honeycombs, delamination, or corrosion - is required. Besides the selection of a suitable NDT method and an appropriate inspection system, the reliability of the results depends largely on the person who applies the non-destructive inspection technique and evaluates the inspection results. To ensure a high quality of non-destructive concrete evaluation as well as to keep the uncertainty caused by the inspection personnel to a minimum, structured, consistent, and regulated theoretical as well as practical training of inspection personnel is essential. To close this gap, the subcommittee of education and training (UA-A) within the committee for NDT-CE of the German Society for Non-Destructive Testing (DGZfP) has been reactivated in 2018 to establish uniform training standards for non-destructive concrete inspections in the long term. The subcommittee consists of scientists, practitioners, authorities, and clients. So far, the national standard DIN 4871 “Non-destructive testing - Qualification of NDT personnel in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE)” was developed. This standard considers the civil-industry-specifics, for example, that standards for NDT of concrete, as well as related product standards with a few exceptions, still do not exist at the moment. Within this presentation, the concept, the connection to ISO 9712 and other standards as well as an overview of the recently developed German standard DIN 4871 will be presented. T2 - NDT-CE 2022 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 16.08.2022 KW - Non-destrucive testing KW - Civil engineering PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55526 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holstein, R. T1 - How NDT is organized - Influence on the Reliability of NDE T2 - 6th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE CY - Minneapolis, USA DA - 2015-07-26 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34597 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holstein, R. T1 - Basic considerations about reliability in testing railway axles T2 - 6th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE CY - Minneapolis, USA DA - 2015-07-26 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34598 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - Bertovic, Marija T1 - Conclusions of the 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE N2 - The tradition of discussing the newest achievements in the consideration of NDE reliability was continued with the 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) in Berlin in 2013. The focus of this workshop was to determine the “delta” between the laboratory- like conditions, in which reliability assessments are usually carried out, and the everyday field conditions. Which obstacles need to be still over- come and how do we get closer with our estimations to the real field re- liability? With the joint effort of international researchers and in-field practitioners the up-to-date research was presented and discussed, culminating in a half-a-day long “Open Space Technology” discussion. This paper presents the main conclusions of the workshop. T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.10.2013 PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-940283-53-5 IS - DGZfP-BB 144 SP - 1 EP - 5 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-31266 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Kanzler, Daniel A1 - Müller, Christina T1 - NDT reliability in the organizational context of service inspection companies N2 - The focus of NDT reliability research in the past was in the field of two high risk industries: (atomic) power plants and aircrafts. The responsible organizations have been well aware of the risks and founded projects to understand and optimize critical steps during production, operation and maintenance. But the use of NDT is not limited to these two fields. The risks during operation of chemical plants, trains or windmills are different from the area above but evident. The coverage by legal regulations is relatively low. Instead of this owner responsibility, product liability and financial issues are the driving forces to do inspections and to use non-destructive testing. The different targets and financial issues influence the practice of NDT-inspections. A survey of this practice and its results are shown. N2 - Der Schwerpunkt der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Zuverlässigkeit in der ZfP lag in der Vergangenheit in Bereichen mit hohen Risiken: (Kern-)Kraftwerke und Luftfahrt. Die verantwortlichen Organisationen waren sich der Risiken sehr bewusst und beauftragten Projekte zum Verständnis und zur Optimierung kritischer Schritte während der Herstellung, des Betriebs und der Wartung. Die Anwendung der ZfP ist jedoch nicht auf diese beiden Bereiche beschränkt. Die Risiken während des Betriebs von chemischen Anlagen, Eisenbahnzügen oder Windkraftanlagen unterscheiden sich von den oben genannten, sind jedoch erwiesen. Der Regelungsumfang durch Gesetze ist relativ gering. Stattdessen sind die Betreiberverantwortung, Produkthaftung und finanzielle Risiken die treibenden Kräfte, Inspektionen durchzuführen und zerstörungsfreie Prüfungen zu nutzen. Diese unterschiedlichen Ziele und finanziellen Rahmenbedingungen beeinflussen die Praktik der ZfP. Eine Untersuchung dieser Vorgehensweise und deren Ergebnisse werden hier dargestellt. KW - NDT reliability KW - Legal regulations KW - Product liability KW - NDT practice KW - Service inspection companies PY - 2014 UR - http://www.hanser-elibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.3139/120.110601 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110601 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 56 IS - 7-8 SP - 607 EP - 610 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-31268 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Calmon, P. A1 - Carter, L. A1 - Fischer, J. A1 - Forsyth, D. A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - McGrath, B. A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Rummel, W. A1 - Schubert, F. A1 - Selby, G. T1 - Summary of the "open space technology discussions" on reliability of NDE N2 - Since the beginnings of the European American Workshops (EAW) in 1997, the aim was to gather the experts in NDE reliability and discuss burning topics with the aim of identifying crucial problems and suggesting ways to move forward. This was usually achieved during the so-called break-out sessions, in which predetermined topics were discussed. During the 5th EAW, held in Berlin in 2013, this approach was replaced by an Open Space Technology (OST) approach. The benefit of this approach is seen in the freedom of topic choices, i. e., the topics are not predetermined but rather arise at that moment in that space and by the participants’ choice. The following topics arose: new reliability methods (Bayesian, MAPOD, …), structural health monitoring, definition of requirements of NDE by customer versus provider, what value of POD is good enough?, human factors, manual versus automated inspection, and basic concepts of reliability of NDE. The participants were encouraged to walk from one session to another and openly express their opinions. These were in the end summarized by a chosen group of moderators and presented in this paper. N2 - Seit den Anfängen der europäischen amerikanischen Workshops (EAW) im Jahr 1997 war es das Ziel, Experten auf dem Gebiet der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit zusammenzuführen und aktuelle Themen zu diskutieren, um wichtige Probleme zu identifizieren und Wege für deren Lösung vorzuschlagen. Dies wurde in der Regel während der sogenannten „Break-out Sessions“ erreicht, in denen vorgegebene Themen diskutiert wurden. Während des 5. EAW, der in Berlin im Jahr 2013 stattfand, wurde dieser Ansatz durch einen Open Space Technology (OST) Ansatz ersetzt. Open Space ist eine Methode der Gruppenmoderation, die sehr gut geeignet ist, um neue Ideen zu entwickeln und selbstständiges Arbeiten zu fördern, d. h. die Themen werden nicht vorgegeben, sondern ergeben sich in diesem Moment in diesem Raum und durch die Wahl der Teilnehmer. Die folgenden Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: neue Zuverlässigkeitsmethoden (Bayes, MAPOD, ...…), Structural Health Monitoring, Definition von Anforderungen der Kunden gegenüber den ZfP-Anbietern, Welcher Wert der POD ist gut genug?, der Einfluss menschlicher Faktoren, manuelle gegenüber automatisierte Prüfung, sowie Grundkonzepte der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit. Die Teilnehmer wurden aufgefordert, von einer Sitzung zur anderen zu wechseln und offen ihre Meinung zu äußern. Diese Meinungen wurden am Ende von einer ausgewählten Gruppe von Moderatoren zusammengefasst und werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. KW - NDE reliability KW - POD KW - Bayesian approach KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Human factors KW - Open space technology PY - 2014 UR - http://www.hanser-elibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.3139/120.110604 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110604 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 56 IS - 7-8 SP - 602 EP - 606 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-31269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Calmon, P. A1 - Carter, L. A1 - Fisher, J. A1 - Forsyth, D. A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - McGrath, B. A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Rummel, W. A1 - Schubert, F. A1 - Selby, G. T1 - Summary of the open space technology discussions N2 - The highlight of 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) was the “Open Space Technology“(OST) discussion. The aim of the 5thEAW and, in particular, of the OST discussion - was to shed light on the reasons, which create a “deltcT between all the qualifications and reliability models and the real reliability in the field. In the previous 4 Workshops, the different topics of interest were discussed in the so-called break-out sessions, in which a specific goal for each working group was defined beforehand. In order not to move on “the old rails” in search for an answer, the break-out sessions were this year replaced by an open space approach. The reason for this was not to restrict the participants to a certain number of topics, but rather to allow the topics to arisefrom the interests of the participants and the needs of both the researchers and the NDT practitioners. This was achieved through setting up a wall of ideas. Each of the participantswas asked to write down as many questions or topics as they wanted, and pin them up on the wall throughout the duration of the entire Workshop. Finally, when the participants gathered for the discussion, those ideas were organized into 6 main topics: A. New reliability methods: Multiparameter POD, MAPOD, Bayesian B. Structural health monitoring C. Applications in industry D. Human factors E. Integrated Solutions and “delta" F. Basic concepts of reliability of NDE As in the spirit of the OST, in which the participants themselves determine the topics and decide how the discussion will flow, the participants from the topics C, D and E joined their forces and disused together. The groups separated and, under the moderation of several experts in different NDT reliability fields, the different issues have been discussed. At the end of the day the Groups were asked to present the content and the results of their work. Every group wrote a summary of the discussion. The purpose of this paper is to present the summaries of the held discussions and, therewith, share with the NDT community the main conclusions. T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.10.2013 PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-940283-53-5 IS - DGZfP-BB 144 SP - 1 EP - 7 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-31271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Kanzler, Daniel A1 - Müller, Christina T1 - NDT reliability in the organizational context of service inspection companies N2 - Much of NDT-Reliability-Research in the past was done in the field of two high risk industries: (atomic) power plants and aircrafts. The responsible organizations have been well aware of the risks and founded projects to understand and optimize critical steps during production, operation and maintenance. But the use of NDT is not limited to these two fields. The risks during operation of chemical plants, trains or windmills are different from the area above but evident. The coverage by legal regulations is relatively low. Instead of this owner responsibility, product liability and financial issues are the driving forces to do inspections and to use non-destructive testing. The different targets and financial issues are influencing the practice of NDT-inspections. A survey of this practice and its results are shown. T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.10.2013 PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-940283-53-5 IS - DGZfP-BB 144 SP - Lecture 32, 1 EP - 7 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-31272 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - Bertovic, Marija T1 - Conclusions of the 5th European American workshop on reliability of NDE N2 - The tradition of discussing the newest achievements in the consideration of NDE reliability was continued with the 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) in Berlin in 2013. The Focus of this workshop was to determine the 'delta' between the laboratorylike conditions, in which reliability assessments are usually carried out, and the everyday field conditions. Which obstacles need to be still overcome and how do we get closer with our estimations to the real field reliability? With the joint effort of international researchers and in-field practitioners the up-to-date research was presented and discussed, culminating in a half-a-day long 'Open Space Technology' discussion. This paper presents the main conclusions of the workshop. N2 - Die Diskussion der neuesten Erkenntnisse zur Zuverlässigkeit in der ZfP, wurden auf dem 5. Europäisch-Amerikanischen Workshop 2013 in Berlin traditionell fortgesetzt. Besonderes Augenmerk galt dabei, die Unterschiede zwischen unter Laborbedingungen durchgeführten Zuverlässigkeitsuntersuchungen und den tatsächlichen vor-Ort-Bedingungen zu untersuchen. Im Mittelpunkt der Diskussionen stand die Frage, welche Schwierigkeiten überwunden werden müssen, um bei den Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen die realen Bedingungen näher erfassen zu können. Gemeinsam haben Wissenschaftler und Praktiker den aktuellen Stand der Forschung in einer halbtägigen Open Space Diskussion besprochen. In diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Schlussfolgerungen des Workshops zusammengefasst. KW - NDE reliability KW - POD KW - Bayesian approach KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Human factors KW - Open space technology PY - 2014 UR - http://www.hanser-elibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.3139/120.110603 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110603 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 56 IS - 7-8 SP - 599 EP - 601 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-31273 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - Müller, Christina T1 - Analyzing the reliability of non-destructive tests using the modular modell - a practical approach N2 - Non-destructive testing is an important tool to guarantee the safety of railway traffic. The infrastructure with tracks, switches and sleepers is regularly tested, the locomotives and wagons with their wheels, bogies and axles as well. Many years of experience and some events lead in Germany to a good practice in testing the railway components. Now, European authorities are drafting a system of common requirements and standards for the European Railway Market. The German practice combines an intensive training of the NDT-personnel including sufficient time for practical exercises with organizational measures of the companies, responsible for rolling stock and infrastructure. Through the example of UT-testing of railway axles it will be shown, how training and organizational measures influence the reliability of such testing. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - München, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - NDT KW - Reliability KW - Modular model KW - Railway KW - Human factors PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-375712 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt2016/papers/mo1d4.pdf SP - id 19519, 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-37571 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -