TY - JOUR A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wieser, Günter A1 - Qiao, Linan T1 - Safety Margins of Spent Fuel Transport and Storage Casks Considering Aircraft Crash Impacts JF - International journal of radioactive materials transport (RAMTRANS) PY - 2002 SN - 0957-476X VL - 13 IS - 3-4 SP - 313 EP - 316 PB - Nuclear Technology Publ. CY - Ashford, Kent AN - OPUS4-2697 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lange, F. A1 - Hörmann, E. A1 - Schwarz, G. A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wieser, Günter T1 - Spent Fuel Transport and Storage Casks under Extreme Accidents T2 - Progress through cooperation T2 - 10th International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference (IHLRWM-10) CY - Las Vegas, NV, USA DA - 2003-03-30 PY - 2003 SN - 0-89448-669-1 SP - 465 EP - 470 PB - American Nuclear Society CY - La Grange Park, Ill. AN - OPUS4-2698 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Zencker, Uwe T1 - Safety Assessment Aspects of Materials for Radioactive Waste Containers T2 - 4th International Seminar on Radioactive Waste Products T2 - 4th International Seminar on Radioactive Waste Products CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 2002-09-22 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-5742 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Kasparek, Eva Maria A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Modeling of cylindrical casks under horizontal drop test conditions T2 - IHLRWM 2013 - 14th International high-level radioactive waste management conference (Proceedings) N2 - Cylindrical casks made of ductile cast iron are used for transport, interim storage and final disposal of radioactive waste in Germany. A basic design criterion is the ability to withstand a horizontal drop without impact Binders onto a foundation representative for the real ground of a storage facility. The increasing use of more cost-effective material compositions requires optimized cask geometries to reduce stresses and strains in the cask structure. For example, a non-uniform wall thickness was introduced to reduce maximum wall bending stresses. As a result, the load characteristics changed from line load to point load at bottom and lid side under horizontal drop fest conditions. Hereby, the position of highest stress inside the structure has shifted significantly. This was the reason for a systematic investigation of effects caused by small design changes or small variations of fest conditions. It led to a better understanding of the positions of high local stresses, their time history and maximum value for cylindrical casks under horizontal drop test conditions. Hence, the paper presents the lessons learnt from modeling and simulating such scenarios considering an impact without limiters onto a realistic target. T2 - 14th International high-level radioactive waste management conference CY - Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA DA - 28.04.2013 KW - Cylindrical cask KW - Ductile cast iron KW - Numerical simulation KW - Horizontal drop test KW - Storage facility KW - Concrete foundation PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-62748-644-6 SP - 1114 EP - 1119 (Paper # 6862) PB - Omnipress AN - OPUS4-28529 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wolff, Dietmar T1 - Extended storage collaboration program international subcommittee report: International perspectives on technical data gaps associated with extended storage and transportation of used nuclear fuel PY - 2012 VL - 1026481 IS - Chapter 2.1, 3.1, 4.1 SP - 2-1 - 2-5, 3-1 - 3-4, 4-1 - 4-3 CY - Palo Alto, CA, USA ET - Final report AN - OPUS4-27405 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eisenacher, Germar A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Dynamic crushing characteristics of spruce wood under large deformations JF - Wood science and technology N2 - An extensive series of large deformation crushing tests with spruce wood specimens was conducted. Material orientation, lateral constraint and loading rate were varied. Regarding material orientation, a reduction in the softening effect and the general force level was observed with a higher fiber-load angle. A comparison with characteristics gained by application of Hankinson's formula showed discrepancies in compression strength and the beginning of the hardening effect. Lateral constraint of the specimens caused a multiaxial stress state in the specimens, which was quantified with the applied measuring method. Further, a higher force level compared to specimens without lateral constraint and significant hardening effect at large deformations resulted. Thus, the influence of a multiaxial stress state on the force level could be determined. An increase in the loading rate led to higher force levels at any displacement value and material orientation. KW - Crushing test KW - Dynamic crushing characteristics KW - Spruce wood KW - Lateral constraint KW - Multiaxial stress state KW - Hankinson's formula PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-012-0508-5 SN - 0043-7719 SN - 1432-5225 VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - 369 EP - 380 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27743 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Wieser, Günter A1 - Völzke, Holger ED - Topping, B. H. V. ED - M. Papadrakakis, T1 - Numerical safety assessment of a transport and storage cask for radioactive materials without impact limiters by the 0.3m drop test onto an unyielding target T2 - 9th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology (Proceedings) T2 - 9th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology (CST2008) CY - Athens, Greece DA - 2008-09-02 KW - Impact KW - Simulation KW - Cask KW - Safety KW - Drop KW - Foundation KW - Unyielding KW - Target PY - 2008 SN - 978-1-905088-23-2 IS - Paper 21 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Civil Comp Press CY - Kippen AN - OPUS4-18340 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Qiao, Linan A1 - Feutlinske, Karl A1 - Musolff, André T1 - Drop tests and numerical impact analyses of new cask designs for high activity waste (HAW) and spent fuel - updated BAM design testing experiences - T2 - Waste Management Conference 2007 T2 - Waste Management Conference 2007 CY - Tucson, AZ, USA DA - 2007-02-25 PY - 2007 AN - OPUS4-14577 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Noack, Volker A1 - Weber, Wolfgang A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Rittscher, D. A1 - Schmidt, H. T1 - Long term interim storage facility for nuclear reactor compartments of submarines - German support for utilization of nuclear submarines in Russia T2 - PATRAM 2007 - 15th International symposium on the packaging and transportation of radioactive materials (Proceedings) T2 - PATRAM 2007, 15th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials CY - Miami, Florida, USA DA - 2007-10-21 PY - 2007 SP - 155 PB - Institute of Nuclear Materials Management AN - OPUS4-16157 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sterthaus, Jens A1 - Ballheimer, Viktor A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Koch, Frank A1 - Probst, Ulrich A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Analysis of bolted flange joints for lids of packages for radioactive materials T2 - PVP2009 - ASME 2009 Pressure vessels and piping conference (Proceedings) T2 - ASME 2009 Pressure vessels and piping conference CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2009-07-26 KW - Bolted flange joints KW - FEA KW - Modelling of gaskets KW - Assessment of leak tightness KW - Results from experiments PY - 2009 SP - PVP2009-77284, 1-8 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers CY - New York AN - OPUS4-19786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wieser, Günter A1 - Zencker, Uwe A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Mechanical and thermal safety analyses and demonstrations for cubic DCI multipurpose containers JF - International journal of radioactive materials transport (RAMTRANS) PY - 1997 SN - 0957-476X VL - 8 IS - 3-4 SP - 247 EP - 252 PB - Nuclear Technology Publ. CY - Ashford, Kent AN - OPUS4-21664 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Wille, Frank T1 - Nuclear power plant waste management strategy in Germany T2 - PATRAM 2013 - 17th International symposium on the packaging and transportation of radioactive materials (Proceedings) T2 - PATRAM 2013 - 17th International symposium on the packaging and transportation of radioactive materials CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 2013-08-18 PY - 2013 SP - 1 EP - 11(?) PB - Omnipress AN - OPUS4-30135 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wolff, Dietmar A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wille, Frank A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Extended storage after long-term storage T2 - PATRAM 2013 - 17th International symposium on the packaging and transportation of radioactive materials (Proceedings) N2 - Existing spent nuclear fuel (SF) and high active waste (HAW) management policies and practices worldwide are the result of past presumptions that sufficient reprocessing and/or disposal capacity would be available in the near term. Consequently, in the past many countries have developed specific solutions for different periods of time due to their individual national nuclear policies. In Germany the concept of dry interim storage in dual purpose metal casks before disposal is being pursued for SF and HAW management and transport and storage licenses have been issued accordingly. The current operation licenses for existing storage facilities have been granted for a storage period of up to 40 years. This concept has demonstrated its suitability for over 20 years so far. Relevant safety requirements haven been assessed for the short-term as well as for the long-term for site-specific operational and accidental storage conditions. But in the meantime significant delays in the national repository siting procedure occured which will make extended storage periods necessary in the future. This paper describes the current situation in Germany with regard to dry cask storage and focuses on current perspectives considering regulatory, technical, and scientific aspects for storage license renewal. Since there is one case of a storage license limitation to only 20 years due to administrative reasons, first experience is currently gathered in case of an expiring storage license. Subsequent license options have been pursued intensively including the extension of the initial storage license as well as shipping all casks to another storage facility considering an extended storage period at that storage facility as well. All safety relevant aspects have to be reviewed on basis of the current state-of-the-art which might be different from the initial safety demonstrations. That includes new safety assessment standards as well as improved knowledge base. Major issues are e.g. improved accident scenario analyses, assessment methods, and consideration of aging effects from previous operation periods. Inspection programs with respect, e.g. to bolts and seals to verify leak-tightness and lid screw pre-stress have been initiated to demonstrate proper cask conditions for extended storage as well as transportation to another storage facility. T2 - PATRAM 2013 - 17th International symposium on the packaging and transportation of radioactive materials CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 18.08.2013 KW - Extended storage KW - Long-term storage KW - Dual purpose cask PY - 2013 SP - Paper 184, 1 EP - 12 PB - Omnipress AN - OPUS4-30242 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Probst, Ulrich A1 - Wolff, Dietmar T1 - Ageing management for long term interim storage casks T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials (Proceedings) T2 - PATRAM 2010 - 16th International symposium on the packaging and transport of radioactive materials CY - London, UK DA - 2010-10-03 KW - Ageing management KW - Lifetime KW - Material degradation PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 17 (Tuesday/T20/61) AN - OPUS4-23907 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Nieslony, Gregor A1 - Noack, Volker A1 - Hagenow, Peter A1 - Kovacs, Oliver T1 - Current developments in container design testing for the Konrad repository T2 - KONTEC 2011 - 10. Internationales Symposium "Konditionierung radioaktiver Betriebs- und Stilllegungsabfälle" (Proceedings) N2 - The Konrad repository for not heat generating radioactive wastes was licensed first in 2002. But due to legal actions this license has not been finally confirmed before 2007. Subsequently, the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) began scheduling backfitting of the former iron ore mine into a repository. The licensed repository volume is 303,000 m3 based on estimations of expected waste volumes to be disposed off although the mine itself would offer a much larger volume. Once the repository is ready for Operation, waste packages can be disposed, but this is not expected before the end of this decade. Nevertheless, there is already today a great interest in qualified and certified waste conditioning and packaging for disposal requiring Containers, tested, evaluated and certified by BAM and BfS. Key points of the Konrad license concern comprehensive requirements for waste products and Containers. Details are described in BfS reports, which constitute the basic documents for the license. Following the final license confirmation a revision of these documents has been requested in order to include considerations of water poisoning substances. This work is currently done by BfS in Cooperation with the NLWKN of Lower Saxony and the Institute for Safety Technology (ISTec). Concerning the specification for Containers themselves no or only minor changes are expected. T2 - KONTEC 2011 - 10. Internationales Symposium "Konditionierung radioaktiver Betriebs- und Stilllegungsabfälle" CY - Dresden, Deutschland DA - 06.04.2011 KW - Cask KW - Safety KW - Repository KW - Design testing KW - Radioactive waste PY - 2011 SP - 683 EP - 695 AN - OPUS4-23672 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Rödel, Roland A1 - Zeisler, Peter A1 - Droste, Bernhard T1 - Considerations of the competent authority concerning the assessment of a brittle fracture safe ductile cast iron (DCI) cask design JF - International journal of radioactive materials transport (RAMTRANS) PY - 1995 SN - 0957-476X VL - 6 IS - 2/3 SP - 121 EP - 126 PB - Nuclear Technology Publ. CY - Ashford, Kent AN - OPUS4-21731 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Zeisler, Peter A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Rödel, Roland T1 - Development and evaluation of containers for radioactive waste disposal JF - International journal of radioactive materials transport (RAMTRANS) PY - 1994 SN - 0957-476X VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 32 PB - Nuclear Technology Publ. CY - Ashford, Kent AN - OPUS4-21735 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Nagelschmidt, Sven A1 - Probst, Ulrich A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Wolff, Dietmar T1 - Long-term investigations of metal seals for storage casks of radioctive materials T2 - Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP) - ASME Conference Proceedings N2 - The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) is a federal institute for materials research and testing in Germany and has been involved in the qualification and safety evaluation procedures of metal seals from the early beginning of the interim storage licensing procedures for radioactive materials, stored in dual purpose casks. Regarding this subject, BAM investigates the long-term behavior of metal seals under the influence of temperature using experimental data and analytical approaches. The development of numerical models is in progress as well. Systematic experimental investigations performed by BAM indicate a continuous decrease of the remaining seal force and the usable resilience considering the leak tightness. Hence, there is a fundamental interest of describing time and temperature dependency to gain predictable values for the long-term behavior and to achieve reliable results with help of short-term tests. The paper gives an overview about the sealing principle, test program and test results of metal seals of the type HELICOFLEX® HN200. The aging effect, respectively the long-term behavior in dependency of time and temperature, are introduced for two different outer liner materials, aluminum and silver. T2 - PVP ASME Conference CY - Vancouver, Canada DA - 17.07.2016 KW - Long-Term Behaviour KW - Metal Seal KW - Metal Gasket PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-7918-5045-9 VL - 7 SP - 63596-1 EP - 63596-5 AN - OPUS4-38039 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Völzke, Holger A1 - Liu, Y. T1 - Collaboration on aging management for extended storage of used fuel T2 - IHLRWM 2015 - 15th International high-level radioactive waste management conference (Proceedings) N2 - A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) and Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) was signed in the fall of 2014. Its objectives are to promote cooperation among scientists and specialists at BAM and Argonne and establish a framework for collaboration in the field of advanced technologies associated with the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle. Collaborative activities involving the BAM and Argonne may be implemented through the promotion of joint research activities and scientific workshops and conferences; the exchange of technical information; and visits by scientists, specialists, and graduate, postgraduate, and Ph.D. students. The first Argonne/BAM workshop was held at Argonne in October 2014 to discuss aging management issues related to the long-term dry storage of spent fuel. Major topics for potential collaboration on the extended storage of spent nuclear fuel and its subsequent transportation were identified. T2 - IHLRWM 2015 - 15th International high-level radioactive waste management conference CY - Charleston, SC, USA DA - 12.04.2015 KW - Aging management KW - Fuel KW - Extended storage KW - Nuclear PY - 2015 SN - 978-0-89448-719-4 SP - 814 EP - 817 AN - OPUS4-33115 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kasparek, Eva Maria A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Further research on cask impact limiter needed? T2 - RAMTRANSPORT 2015 - International conference on the radioactive materials transport and storage (Proceedings) N2 - Transport and storage casks for medium and high level radioactive waste are subjected to extreme heavy loads during the accidental drop scenarios prescribed by IAEA regulations and national storage acceptance criteria. Subsequently, considerable efforts have been made to optimize impact limiting structures aiming to reduce cask stresses and deformations. Though, their benefits can only fully be exploited, if the energy absorbing behavior is reliable simulated by numerical models which play an increasingly important role in safety assessments. BAM has had conducted the 5-years research project ENREA in order to overcome the problems caused by the use of simplified, not sufficiently validated or even defective computational concepts for damping materials. While major results of the just recently completed program will be presented, the focus is laid on the question whether these Outputs provide a solid foundation for approximating impact limiting structures in all relevant configurations. So far, material models have been implemented for spruce, Polyurethane foams and damping concrete based mainly on small and medium scale compression test results. The experimental program performed at BAM comprised likewise guided drop tests and, especially for concrete, penetration tests. Although the resulting numerical simulations showed good agreement with measured values, it turned out to be necessary to consider further effects with regard to e.g. multiaxial stress States, shearfailures of shock absorbing components and their interaction with enclosed or enclosing structures. Thus, the strengths and application constraints of the actual models will be shown as well as details about further research needs, if any. T2 - RAMTRANSPORT 2015 - International conference on the radioactive materials transport and storage CY - Oxford, UK DA - 19.05.2015 KW - Numerical model KW - Shock absorber KW - Damping concrete KW - Polyurethane foam KW - Radioactive waste storage cask PY - 2015 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-33992 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -