TY - CONF A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Epishin, A. A1 - Link, T. A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella ED - Portella, Pedro Dolabella ED - T. Beck, ED - M. Okazaki, T1 - Low cycle fatigue of the single crystal nickel-base superalloy CMSX-4: anisotropy and effect of creep damage T2 - 6th International Conference on Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF 6) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-09-08 KW - Anisotropy of mechanical properties KW - Effect of creep damage on LCF KW - Single-crystal nickel-base superalloys PY - 2008 SP - 403 EP - 408 AN - OPUS4-17914 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loveday, M.S. A1 - Bicego, V. A1 - Hähner, P. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Kühn, Hans-Joachim A1 - Roebuck, B. T1 - Analysis of a European TMF inter-comparison exercise N2 - A major international inter-comparison exercise on strain-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) has been undertaken to validate a new European Code of Practice for TMF Testing and to provide underpinning information for an ISO Standard. This paper focuses on (a) distribution of samples of Nimonic 90, (b) the establishment of a protocol for testing and reporting results, and (c) the analysis of the results. Participants in the inter-comparison exercise comprised eight inner-circle partners who primarily used test pieces which were all manufactured at the same workshop, albeit of three different test piece geometries, and ten outer-circle participants who manufactured their own test pieces, of their own in-house geometry. Each participant undertook three repeat in-phase (IP) tests and three repeat out-of-phase (OP) tests. The tests were conducted at temperatures cycling between 400 °C and 850 °C, with a strain range selected to give a failure life of approximately 1000 cycles, resulting in a stress range of up to ~1000 MPa. The testing conditions were chosen following a preliminary evaluation of critical testing parameters. Results from solid circular and solid flat test piece geometries, together with hollow tubular test pieces have been compared. The influence of temperature measurement using different types of temperature sensors has also been investigated. In-house repeatability has been assessed, together with inter-laboratory reproducibility. The results have been correlated with modulus and thermal expansion data for individual tests. Initially, the largest contribution to scatter in the results was attributed to human errors in reporting the results, compounded by computer assisted ‘cut-and-paste’ errors. Once these obvious discrepancies had been corrected, it was possible to use the data sets to point to some recommendations regarding testing procedures that can be incorporated into the Code of Testing Practice [Hähner P et al. Code of practice for thermo-mechanical fatigue testing – TMF-Standard-Work Package 6 Report, September 2005] and provide technical underpinning for the ISO Standard. The results and the procedures used for analysis are presented. KW - Thermomechanical KW - Fatigue KW - Test methods KW - Analysis KW - Nickel-base superalloys PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.01.059 SN - 0142-1123 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 382 EP - 390 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-17535 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hähner, P. A1 - Rinaldi, C. A1 - Bicego, V. A1 - Affeldt, E. E. A1 - Brendel, T. A1 - Andersson, H. A1 - Beck, T. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Kühn, Hans-Joachim A1 - Köster, A. A1 - Loveday, M. A1 - Marchionni, M. A1 - Rae, C. T1 - Research and development into a European code-of-practice for strain-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing N2 - Thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing plays an increasingly important role in the design, the reliability assessment and the lifecycle management of safety critical components used, for instance, for power generation, in the process industry and in aeronautical and automotive applications, with a view to increasing the fuel efficiency, safety and service intervals, while reducing production (and material) costs. In a European Commission funded research project (acronym: TMF-Standard) of the 5th Framework Programme, 20 European laboratories have undertaken a joint research effort to establish a validated code-of-practice (CoP) for strain-controlled TMF testing. Starting from a survey of the testing protocols and procedures previously used by the partners, a comprehensive pre-normative research activity into various issues has been completed, addressing the dynamic temperature control, the effects of deviations in nominal temperatures and phase angles, the influences of temperature gradients, as well as the practicalities of test interruption and restart procedures. Meaningful allowable tolerances for the various test parameters were identified and practical recommendations as to the test techniques were formulated. From this a preliminary CoP was compiled and used to guide an extensive round robin exercise among the project partners. From the statistical analysis of that exercise, a validated CoP was derived dealing with strain-controlled constant amplitude TMF of nominally homogeneous metallic materials subjected to spatially uniform temperature fields and uniaxial mechanical loading. It is intended to give advice and guidance on the appropriate test setup, testing procedures and the analysis of results, in particular for newcomers in the field of strain-controlled TMF. This paper highlights some of the results of the TMF-Standard project. Moreover, commonalities and differences of the present CoP with respect to the standard documents for strain-controlled TMF, which have been developed at ISO and ASTM levels, are presented in this paper. KW - Thermo-mechanical fatigue KW - Ni-base superalloy KW - Standardisation KW - Test methods PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.01.052 SN - 0142-1123 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 372 EP - 381 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-17536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth T1 - SC16 at 950 °C under LCF loading on smooth cylindrical specimen: influence of secondary orientation T2 - 6th International Conference On Low Cycle Fatigue CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-09-08 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17825 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth T1 - Low cycle fatigue of the single crystal Nickel base superalloy CMSX-4: anisotropy and effect of creep damage T2 - 6th International Conference On Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF6) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2008-09-08 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-17826 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumacher, G. A1 - Darowski, N. A1 - Zizak, I. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Neumann, W. T1 - Two-stage relaxation of damage structure in strongly creep-deformed single crystal superalloy SC16 measured by means of X-ray diffraction KW - Superalloys KW - SC16 KW - Creep-deformation KW - Relaxation KW - X-ray diffraction PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.09.009 SN - 1359-6462 SN - 1872-8456 VL - 60 IS - 2 SP - 88 EP - 91 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-18304 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Epishin, Alexander A1 - Link, T. T1 - Low cycle fatigue of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy CMSX-4 - Anistropy and effect of creep damage KW - Single crystal nickel-base superalloys KW - CMSX-4 KW - Creep KW - Low cycle fatigue PY - 2009 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 291 EP - 294 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-19430 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ziebs, Josef A1 - Meersmann, Jürgen A1 - Kühn, Hans-Joachim A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth ED - Sehitoglu, H. ED - Maier, H. T1 - Multiaxial Thermo-mechanical Deformation Behavior of IN 738 LC and SC 16 T2 - 3rd Symposium "Thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior of materials" CY - Norfolk, VA, USA DA - 1998-11-04 PY - 2000 SN - 0-8031-2853-3 SN - 0066-0558 N1 - Serientitel: ASTM STP – Series title: ASTM STP VL - 1371 SP - 257 EP - 278 PB - ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials CY - West Conshohocken, Pa. AN - OPUS4-3128 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ledworuski, Siegmar A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Brookes, Stephen-Peter A1 - May, Thomas ED - Pohl, M. T1 - Untersuchungen zum automatisierten Zugversuch für die Weiterentwicklung der Norm EN 10002-1 im Rahmen des Europäischen Forschungsprojektes TENSTAND T2 - Werkstoffprüfung - Konstruktion, Qualitätssicherung und Schadensanalyse CY - Neu-Ulm, Deutschland DA - 2004-11-24 KW - Zugversuch KW - TENSTAND KW - Dehngeschwindigkeit KW - Geschwindigkeitseinfluß KW - EN 10002-1 PY - 2004 SN - 3-88355-337-9 SP - 73 EP - 78 PB - Werkstoff-Informationsges. CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-5608 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth T1 - Sichere und zuverlässige Anwendung von Werkstoffen - Optische Verfahren zur Untersuchung von Nickel-Basis-Legierungen T2 - Materials Week 2002, Materialica CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2002-09-30 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6129 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, W. A1 - Darowski, N. A1 - Zizak, I. A1 - Schumacher, G. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Wanderka, N. A1 - Neumann, W. ED - Chandra, T. ED - Torralba, Jose M. ED - Sakai, T. T1 - Measurement of Gamma/Gamma' Lattice Mismatch in Creep Deformed SIngle Crystal Superalloy SC16 Using Synchrotron X-Radiation T2 - International Conference on Processing & Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY - Leganés, Spain DA - 2003-07-07 KW - Superalloy KW - Lattice mismatch KW - High temperature KW - Creep deformed PY - 2003 SN - 0-87849-919-9 SN - 0255-5476 N1 - Serientitel: Materials science forum – Series title: Materials science forum IS - 426-432/5 SP - 4555 EP - 4560 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Uetikon-Zürich AN - OPUS4-2790 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Burlet, H. A1 - McColvin, G. A1 - Henderson, M. B. A1 - Garcia, J. C. A1 - Peteves, S. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Maldini, M. A1 - Klotz, U. E. A1 - Luthi, T. A1 - Wilcock, I. M. ED - Strang, A. T1 - Microstructural and Mechanical Performance Assessment of Diffusion Bonded Bimetallic Model Discs T2 - 6th International Charles Parsons Turbine Conference CY - Dublin, Ireland DA - 2003-09-16 PY - 2003 SN - 1-904350-20-8 SN - 1366-5510 N1 - Serientitel: Book / The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining – Series title: Book / The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining IS - 800 SP - 735 EP - 748 PB - Maney CY - London AN - OPUS4-2823 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Darowski, N. A1 - Zizak, I. A1 - Schumacher, G. A1 - Wanderka, N. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Chen, W. A1 - Neumann, W. T1 - Lattice mismatch in creep-deformed single crystal superalloy SC16 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2002.pdf#page=283 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 283 EP - 285 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2491 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Darowski, N. A1 - Zizak, I. A1 - Schumacher, G. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Chen, W. A1 - Neumann, W. T1 - Temperature dependence of x-ray intensity profile FWHM of the gamma' phase in the creep-deformed single crystal superalloy SC16 N2 - High-resolution diffraction using synchrotron x-ray radiation was applied to study γ´ precipitates with an L12 superlattice crystal structure in the single crystal superalloy SC16 after creep deformation at 1223 K with a creep strain of ±0.5% for tensile and compressive loads, respectively. The measurements of full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 001 and 100 γ´ superlattice reflections were performed at various temperatures from ambient temperature to 1173 K in vacuum. The experimental results revealed that the FWHM of both reflections decrease with increasing temperature. It is well-known that changes in particle size and lattice distortion in materials could lead to a variation of FWHM. The observed behaviour is discussed in the light of both the above-mentioned aspects. The decrease in the peak width is mainly attributed to the temperature dependence of the internal strain state. KW - Creep deformation KW - Synchrotron x-ray radiation PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/38/10A/038 SN - 0022-3727 SN - 1361-6463 VL - 38 IS - 10A SP - A200 EP - A203 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol AN - OPUS4-11967 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, W. A1 - Darowski, N. A1 - Zizak, I. A1 - Schumacher, G. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Neumann, W. T1 - Lattice distortion in precipitates of single crystal superalloy SC16 under creep deformation N2 - Specimens of single crystal superalloy SC16 were creep deformed at 1223 K along [0 0 1] up to ±0.5% creep strain using stresses of -150 MPa and +150 MPa, respectively. Line widths and peak positions of superlattice reflections were measured by means of X-ray diffraction parallel and perpendicular to the load axis in the temperature range between 293 K and 1173 K. The line widths were found to decrease with the increase of temperature for both directions on the two specimens after tensile and compressive creep deformation. After both kinds of creep deformation the crystal lattice showed tetragonal distortion which decreased with increasing temperature. The tetragonality after tensile creep deformation was larger than unity while it was smaller than unity after compressive creep deformation. The peak positions and widths restored after cooling back to room temperature. The experimental results can qualitatively be explained by the creation of dislocations during deformation and their anisotropic arrangement at the γ/γ' interfaces. KW - Superalloys KW - Creep deformation KW - Lattice distortion PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.12.032 SN - 0168-583X SN - 1872-9584 VL - 246 IS - 1 SP - 201 EP - 205 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-12498 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -