TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Measurement of Nitrogen in Steel by Carrier Gas Hot Extraction - a Challenge in Calibration T2 - 6th International Workshop on progress in analytical chemistry in the steel and metals industries CY - Luxembourg, Luxembourg DA - 2002-05-14 PY - 2002 SP - 1(?) AN - OPUS4-1629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Development of SI-traceable standards of high metrological quality for chemical analysis of the elements T2 - 12th Euroanalysis ; 12th European Conference on Analytical Chemistry CY - Dortmund, Germany DA - 2002-09-08 PY - 2002 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 375 IS - 8, P1-018 SP - 198 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1630 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Development of SI-traceable standards of high metrological quality for chemical analysis of the elements T2 - Towards an integrated infrastructure for measurements CY - Warszawa, Poland DA - 2002-06-18 PY - 2002 SP - 66 EP - 67 AN - OPUS4-1631 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - BAM System of Primary Pure Elements - Aim and Current State T2 - CCQM Annual Meeting of Inorganic Working Group CY - Ottawa, Canada DA - 2002-10-09 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1603 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Meier, Klaus A1 - Wäthen, U. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Lamberty, A. A1 - Robouch, P. T1 - The certification of the mass fraction of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sn and TI in four grades of unalloyed zinc intended for use in emission spectrometry - BCR-322R, BCR-323R, BCR-324R, BCR-325R, Project Report EUR 20267 EN PY - 2002 SN - 92-894-3706-5 SP - 1 EP - 55 PB - Office for Official Publications of the European Communities CY - Luxembourg AN - OPUS4-1606 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Dudzus, Thomas A1 - Meier, Klaus A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - The measurement of O and N by classical carrier gas hot extraction (HE) - Carrier gas hot extraction after activation with photons T2 - CENAM CY - Mexico City, Mexico DA - 2002-01-28 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1610 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf T1 - Preparation of primary calibration substances - method development for trace analysis T2 - CENAM CY - Mexico City, Mexico DA - 2002-01-28 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-1611 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Noack, Siegfried ED - Abiko, K. ED - Takaki, S. T1 - Activities of Division "Inorganic Chemical Analysis; Reference Materials" of BAM in the Field of Analysis of Metals T2 - 9th international conference on ultrahigh-purity base metals CY - Sendai, Japan DA - 2002-10-14 PY - 2002 SP - 297 EP - 302 CY - Sendai AN - OPUS4-1602 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Merchel, Silke A1 - Dudzus, Thomas A1 - Ecker, Klaus A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian T1 - Viele (BAM-) Wege führen zu den leichten Elementen T2 - 12. Jahrescolloquium "Analyse von Feststoffen unterschiedlicher Materialien aus Industrie und Umwelt" CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2002-11-19 PY - 2002 SP - 1(?) AN - OPUS4-2024 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - Establishing traceability to SI for elemental analysis: reporting from a difficult but worthwhile journey PY - 2002 UR - http://www.spectroscopyeurope.com/articles/quality-matters/2052-establishing-traceability-to-si-for-elemental-analysis-reporting-from-a-difficult-but-worthwhile-journey SN - 0966-0941 VL - 14 IS - 6 SP - 27 EP - 28 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-2028 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Russe, K. A1 - Broekaert, J.A.C. T1 - Determination of main and minor components of silicon based materials by a combustion with elemental fluorine. Separation of gaseous fluorination products by carrier gas distillation and gas mass spectrometry N2 - For the determination of main and minor components in silicon-based ceramic powders, a decomposition by a combustion with elemental fluorine and separation of the volatile fluorination products by a carrier-gas distillation with a subsequent detection by quadrupole mass spectrometry is described. The necessity and success of the separation step is demonstrated for the determination of boron as a minor constituent in SiC, where the spectral interferences of silicon on the boron signals are decreased considerably. The method developed is shown to be directly applicable to determination of silicon in Si3N4, SiC, and SiO2. The determination of nitrogen in Si3N4 requires additional effort, to separate nitrogen from the excess of fluorine. For the determination of boron, a complete mobilization of BF3 is assured by the presence of an adequate amount of GeF4. Analysis results obtained with different types of calibration show a precision of 30 g for boron at the milligram-per-gram level and a precision between 0.5 and 2% (m/m) for the main components, silicon and nitrogen. Within these standard deviations, the results agree well with the values expected from the stoichiometry, with the results for silicon and boron obtained by wet chemical decomposition and slurry techniques in combination with ICP-OES and with the results for nitrogen obtained by carrier gas heat extraction. PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac991238c SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 72 IS - 16 SP - 3875 EP - 3880 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-989 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Valkiers, S. A1 - Aregbe, Y. A1 - Bréas, O. A1 - Taylor, P. A1 - Ding, T. ED - Gills, T. T1 - Gravimetrically Prepared Isotope Mixtures to Produce Isotopic Reference Materials for Sulfur with SI Traceable Ratios T2 - 8th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials ; 8th BERM CY - Bethesda, MD, USA DA - 2000-09-17 PY - 2001 SN - 1618-2642 VL - 370 IS - 2-3 SP - 141 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-990 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Valkiers, S. A1 - Taylor, P.D.P. A1 - De Bièvre, P. T1 - Calibration in isotopic measurements N2 - The meaning of calibration in general and in the field of isotopic measurements in particular is described, stressing the fundamental difference between calibration as an aim and tools to achieve calibration. The role of proper uncertainty budgeting as a prerequisite for establishing a “calibrated” measurement is explained. It leads to the recommendation that the quality of the uncertainty statement should be heavily weighed when ranking or judging “calibrated” isotopic measurement results evaluated by the Commission on Atomic Weight and Isotopic Abundances. KW - Calibration KW - Uncertainty KW - Measurement result KW - Isotopic measurement PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00162-7 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 198 IS - 1-2 SP - 71 EP - 76 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-912 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Ding, T. A1 - Valkiers, S. A1 - Quetel, C. A1 - De Bièvre, P. A1 - Taylor, P. A1 - Gonfiantini, R. T1 - Preparation of two synthetic isotope mixtures for the calibration of isotope amount ratio measurements of sulfur N2 - Two synthetic isotope mixtures for the calibration of sulfur isotope amount ratio measurements were gravimetrically prepared from high purity Ag2S materials enriched in 32S, 33S, and 34S. The mixtures were made so as to closely resemble the (natural) isotopic composition of the materials to be “calibrated”. This allowed a totally independent evaluation, on the same samples, of the relative combined uncertainty of: (a) the procedure to perform direct measurements of the amount of substance ratios of gas isotopes in the redetermination of the Avogadro constant and (b) the gravimetric preparation procedure. The result of both procedures, mass spectrometry and gravimetry, agree to a relative uncertainty of 3 × 10-4 for sulfur amount ratio measurements of the major abundant isotopes. Thus it seems that a direct measurement of isotopic gas mixtures (e.g. of natural isotopic composition) is now possible for sulfur—and probably also for other gaseous isotopes—without necessarily having to rely on “calibration” by means of values provided by measurements of gravimetrically prepared isotope mixtures. However, synthetic mixtures may be needed for validation and verification purposes, in particular for quality assurance. KW - Sulfur KW - Absolute isotope amount ratio KW - Synthetic isotope mixtures KW - Sulfur hexafluoride KW - Mass spectrometry PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00235-3 SN - 0168-1176 SN - 0020-7381 SN - 1387-3806 SN - 1873-2798 VL - 197 IS - 1-3 SP - 131 EP - 137 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-913 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Ruße, K. A1 - Bréas, O. A1 - Valkiers, S. A1 - Taylor, P. T1 - Fluorination of organic materials into CF4 for the measurements of carbon isotope ratios T2 - V Isotope Workshop CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 2000-07-01 PY - 2000 IS - poster P1-1 AN - OPUS4-914 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Dudzus, Thomas A1 - Meier, Klaus A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Hedrich, Martina ED - Hirschfeld, D. T1 - Messung von Sauerstoff und Stickstoff mit klassischer Trägergasheißextraktion und Trägergasheißextraktion nach Aktivierung mit Photonen für die nationalen primären Kalibriernormale T2 - 8. Symposium Nichtmetalle in Metallen - NIM ; 8. Tagung des Gemeinschaftsausschusses "Nichtmetalle in Metallen" der GDMB CY - Münster, Deutschland DA - 2000-03-16 PY - 2000 SN - 3-9806913-1-4 SP - 19 EP - 27 PB - GDMB, Ges. für Bergbau, Metallurgie, Rohstoff- und Umwelttechnik CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld AN - OPUS4-915 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - De Bièvre, P. T1 - How to establish traceability in chemical measurements and reference materials? T2 - Symposium "Reference Materials for Technologies in the New Millenium" CY - Berlin, BAM, Germany DA - 2000-05-22 KW - Traceability KW - Reference materials KW - Uncertainty KW - Matrix reference materials KW - Amount standards PY - 2000 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) AN - OPUS4-916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van der Veen, A. M H A1 - Zalewska, E. T. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Beelen, R. R. A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Fükő, J. A1 - Büki, T. A1 - Szilágyi, Z. N. A1 - Beránek, J. A1 - Cieciora, D. A1 - Ochman, G. A1 - e.t al., T1 - Metrologia International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), find out more - KEY COMPARISON International comparison CCQM-K118 natural gas N2 - CCQM-K118 was an international key comparison on natural gas composition with two types of gases, i.e., a low calorific hydrogen-enriched natural gas and a high calorific LNG type of gas. There were 14 participating laboratories. The traveling standards (i.e., 14 mixtures each) were obtained from an external source and checked for homogeneity and stability before and after the participants' measurements at the two coordinating laboratories. The data evaluation was performed using a consensus value and a laboratory effect model. The results of the participants were benchmarked against a key comparison reference value computed from the largest consistent subset (LCS) of the submitted results, adjusted for the differences between the travelling standards. For the first time in a key comparison in gas analysis, the model included a term to account for excess variability in the LCS. Most of the participants reported one or a few (slightly) discrepant results. Partly this is due to the heterogeneity and heteroscedasticity of the datasets. In all, the results in this key comparison demonstrate the good comparability of the national measurement standards for natural gas composition maintained by the participating NMIs. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA). To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA). KW - CCQM-K PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/59/1A/08017 SN - 0026-1394 VL - 59 IS - 1A PB - IOP Publishing LTD AN - OPUS4-56308 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gopala, Anil A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Matschat, Ralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Process methodology for the small scale production of m6N5 purity zinc using a resistance heated vacuum distillation system N2 - Ultra high purity Zn (m6N5) was obtained through triple vacuum distillation using an m4N5 Zn as input material. High-volatile impurities were removed from the zinc matrix by vacuum evaporation, while traces having lower volatility than the matrix remained in the residual material after finishing of the entire purification process. The time required for the removal of the main high-volatile impurity (Cd) was monitored using a connected gas source mass spectrometer. During distillation the Zn vapor of the distillate was condensed on the cap of a glassy carbon crucible which was water cooled by a movable copper block. The temperatures were optimized for the removal of the volatiles and for the distillation process using vapor pressure data. High resolution glow discharge mass spectrometry was applied for the analysis and purity evaluation of the distilled and input zinc. The analysis confirmed the reduction of the metallic impurities from 43 mg kg-1 to 0.5 mg kg-1 (m6N5) after three consecutive vacuum distillations. An increase in the grain size and a decrease in the micro-hardness were observed for the purified Zn material. KW - Ultra high purity KW - Vacuum distillation KW - High resolution glow discharge mass KW - Spectrometry KW - Micro-hardness KW - Zinc KW - Purification PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.02.080 SN - 0254-0584 VL - 122 IS - 1 SP - 151 EP - 155 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-21127 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich T1 - Advances in purification and trace analysis of Zinc T2 - UHPM 2009 CY - Sendai, Japan DA - 2009-12-15 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20628 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -