TY - CONF A1 - Barthel, Maria A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten ED - Uzoegbo, H.C. ED - Schmidt, Wolfram T1 - Concrete pavers for the mitigation of the urban heat island effect N2 - Nowadays an increasing population escapes from rural to urban regions worldwide. Especially in developing countries the number of inhabitants in urban areas triplicated from the 1950s until today. These changes entail a higher demand for residential buildings and infrastructure. Therefore, the building density and the land sealing rise because of the growing cities. Existing vegetation is replaced by sealed or paved surfaces. Concrete as building material provides a high capacity for heat storage, so that the temperature in densely populated inner cities increases. Hence, the microclimate in cities has become warmer than in the surrounding rural areas. This phenomenon is called Urban Heat Island Effect. In the presented research the aim is to reduce this effect by applying self-cooling concrete pavers at large open areas. These concrete pavers differ from normal pavers by their ability to store water temporarily. Thus these pavements counterbalance the absorption of solar radiation and the subsequent transfer of this heat to the surroundings based on the use of evaporation enthalpy. To bring this concept into practice without losing the mandatory specifications like sufficient compressive strength a multilayer design for the pavers was selected and the concrete mixture compositions were optimized for appropriate water transport properties. For the utilization in climate zones with marginal precipitation events only the concept has to be adapted to the circumstances, for example with a separate water supply. T2 - ACCTA - International conference on advances in cement and concrete technology in Africa 2013 CY - Johannesburg, South Africa DA - 28.01.2013 KW - Urban heat island effect KW - Earth-moist concrete KW - Concrete multilayers pavers KW - Water storage KW - Self-cooling pavement PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-9815360-3-4 SP - 953 EP - 960 AN - OPUS4-27769 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Barthel, Maria A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram ED - Bager, D. H. ED - Silfwerbrand, J. T1 - Multilayer concrete pavers - solutions for the mitigation of the urban heat island effect N2 - The large scale application of self-cooling concrete pavers is a future-oriented approach to reduce the urban heat island effect in inner-city areas. Making use of evaporation enthalpy, these new pavements counterbalance the absorption of solar radiation and the subsequent transfer of heat to the surrounding environment. The concrete pavers consist of a permeable top-layer and a storage layer. As the different requirements of these layers demand different concrete mixtures they are developed and optimised for their respective functions. This paper presents some results of the concrete mixture design and Solutions that combine a sufficient compressive strength as well as good water transportation properties for the face concrete layer. T2 - fib Symposium Stockholm 2012 'Concrete structures for a sustainable community' CY - Stockholm, Sweden DA - 11.06.2012 KW - Urban heat island effect KW - Concrete multilayer pavers KW - Permeability KW - Fibre concrete PY - 2012 SN - 978-91-980098-1-1 SP - 513 EP - 516 PB - Royal Institute of Technology CY - Stockholm AN - OPUS4-27271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meinel, M. A1 - Schmidt, Wolfram A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten T1 - Betontechnologische Ansätze zur Erweiterung der Leistungsmerkmale von Betonpflastersteinen N2 - Die zunehmende Bebauung und Ausweitung städtischer Gebiete führt auf Grund entstehender Wärmespeichermassen zu innerstädtischen Hitzeinseln. Dieses Phänomen ist weithin als „Urban Heat Island Effect“ oder UHI bekannt. Der Einsatz von selbstkühlenden Betonpflastersteinen könnte diesem Phänomen entgegenwirken. Derartige Steine sollen Wasser speichern, wobei dieses bei erhöhten Temperaturen wieder verdunsten soll. Durch die Nutzung der Verdunstungsenthalpie ergibt sich eine Senkung der Oberflächentemperatur. Bei einer großflächigen Verwendung dieser Pflastersteine ist eine Reduzierung der Umgebungstemperatur verglichen mit normalen Bodenbelägen möglich. Durch Sieblinienoptimierung geeigneter Betone soll sich ein guter Kompromiss zwischen erforderlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie guter Transporteigenschaften für Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf ergeben. Als besonders zweckmäßig erweisen sich Mischungen mit gleichen Anteilen an Fein- und Grobkorn. Ein Ansatz zur Realisierung der Wasserspeicherung im Betonpflasterstein stellt der Einsatz von Papierasche, einem Reststoff aus der Papierindustrie, dar. KW - Betonpflastersteine KW - Urban heat island effect PY - 2012 SN - 1439-7706 VL - 2 SP - 94 EP - 100 PB - ad-media-Verl. CY - Köln AN - OPUS4-27117 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -