TY - JOUR A1 - Habel, Wolfgang A1 - Baumann, I. A1 - Berghmans, F. A1 - Borzycki, K. A1 - Chojetzki, C. A1 - Haase, K.-H. A1 - Jaroszewicz, L.R. A1 - Kleckers, T. A1 - Niklès, M. A1 - Rothhardt, M. A1 - Schlüter, Vivien A1 - Thévenaz, L. A1 - Tur, M. A1 - Wuilpart, M. T1 - Guidelines for the characterization and use of fibre optic sensors - Basic definitions & a proposed standard for FBG-based strain sensors N2 - This paper describes the outcome of two groups which are involved in the specification of guidelines for fibre optic sensors performance and testing. The "Guideline for use of fibre optic sensors" from the COST-299 guideline group, and the "Optical Strain Sensor based on Fibre Bragg Grating" from the GESA guideline group of the VDI - "The Association of German Engineers". Through appropriate specifications and definitions, both guidelines aim at enabling better understanding of fibre optic sensors characteristics and performances. A concise view into the structure of the guidelines is presented, emphasizing important aspects. The English version of the two guidelines will be available in autumn 2009. KW - Guideline KW - Standards KW - Fibre optic sensor KW - Strain sensor KW - Fibre Bragg grating KW - Distributed sensor PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.835362 SN - 0038-7355 SN - 0361-0748 SN - 0277-786X VL - 7503 SP - 75035E-1 - 75035E-4 PB - SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering CY - Billingham, Wash. AN - OPUS4-20110 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nickel, C. A1 - Angelstorf, J. A1 - Bienert, Ralf A1 - Burkart, C. A1 - Gabsch, S. A1 - Giebner, S. A1 - Haase, A. A1 - Hellack, B. A1 - Hollert, H. A1 - Hund-Rinke, K. A1 - Jungmann, D. A1 - Kaminski, H. A1 - Luch, A. A1 - Maes, H.M. A1 - Nogowski, A. A1 - Oetken, M. A1 - Schaeffer, A. A1 - Schiwy, A. A1 - Schlich, K. A1 - Stintz, M. A1 - von der Kammer, F. A1 - Kuhlbusch, T.A.J. T1 - Dynamic light-scattering measurement comparability of nanomaterial suspensions N2 - Increased use of nanomaterials in everyday products leads to their environmental release and therefore, the information need on their fate and behaviour. Nanomaterials have to be suspended with high repeatability and comparability for studies on environmental effects. They also have to be well characterised with a focus on the state of agglomeration and particle size distribution. Dynamic light-scattering (DLS) is a common technique used for these measurements. If suspensions are prepared in different laboratories, then concern has risen about the comparability of the measured results, especially when different DLS instruments are used. Therefore, for quality assurance, a round-robin test was conducted to assess the comparability of different DLS instruments and a dispersion protocol in ten independent laboratories. Polystyrene and TiO2 were chosen as test (nano)materials. For the comparability of the DLS instruments, the average sizes of the PSL and a stabilised TiO2 suspension were measured. The measured average hydrodynamic diameter shows an overall good inter-laboratory comparability. For the PSL suspension, an average hydrodynamic diameter of 201 ± 13 nm and for the TiO2 suspension an average diameter of 224 ± 24 nm were detected. For the TiO2 suspension that was prepared at each laboratory following an established suspension preparation protocol, an average hydrodynamic diameter of 211 ± 11 nm was detected. The measured average particle size (mode) increased up to 284 nm with a high standard deviation of 119 nm if the preparation protocol could not established and different procedures or different equipment were employed. This study shows that no significant differences between the employed DLS instrument types were determined. It was also shown that comparable measurements and suspension preparation could be achieved if well-defined suspension preparation protocols and comparable equipment can be used. KW - Comparison measurement KW - Dynamic light scattering KW - Nanomaterial suspension KW - Standard operation procedure KW - Instrumentation PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2260-2 SN - 1388-0764 SN - 1572-896X VL - 16 SP - 2260-1 EP - 2260-12 PB - Kluwer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-30193 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaebler, A. A1 - Moessinger, A. A1 - Goelden, F. A1 - Manabe, A. A1 - Goebel, M. A1 - Follmann, R. A1 - Koether, D. A1 - Modes, C. A1 - Kipka, A. A1 - Deckelmann, M. A1 - Rabe, Torsten A1 - Schulz, Bärbel A1 - Kuchenbecker, Petra A1 - Lapanik, A. A1 - Mueller, S. A1 - Haase, W. A1 - Jakoby, R. T1 - Liquid crystal-reconfigurable antenna concepts for space applications at microwave and millimeter waves N2 - Novel approaches of tunable devices for millimeter wave applications based on liquid crystal (LC) are presented. In the first part of the paper, a novel concept of a tunable LC phase shifter realized in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics technology is shown while the second part of the paper deals with a tunable high-gain antenna based on an LC tunable reflectarray. The reflectarray features continuously beam scanning in between ±25°. Also first investigations on radiation hardness of LCs are carried out, indicating that LCs might be suitable for space applications. KW - Tunable antenna KW - Phase shifter KW - Liquid crystal KW - LTCC PY - 2009 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-194273 DO - https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/876989 SN - 1687-5877 VL - 2009 IS - Article ID 876989 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Hindawi Publishing Corporation CY - New York, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-19427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guehrs, E. A1 - Schneider, M. A1 - Günther, Ch. M. A1 - Hessing, P. A1 - Heitz, K. A1 - Wittke, D. A1 - López-Serrano Oliver, Ana A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Plendl, J. A1 - Eisebitt, S. A1 - Haase, A. T1 - Quantification of silver nanoparticle uptake and distribution within individual human macrophages by FIB/SEM slice and view N2 - Quantification of nanoparticle (NP) uptake in cells or tissues is very important for safety assessment. Often, electron microscopy based approaches are used for this purpose, which allow imaging at very high resolution. However, precise quantification of NP numbers in cells and tissues remains challenging. The aim of this study was to present a novel approach, that combines precise quantification of NPs in individual cells together with high resolution imaging of their intracellular distribution based on focused ion beam/ scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) slice and view approaches. KW - Nanoparticles KW - FIB/SEM slice and view KW - Absolute dose KW - Cellular internalization KW - Macrophage PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-400626 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-017-0255-8 SN - 1477-3155 VL - 15 SP - Article 21, 1 EP - 11 AN - OPUS4-40062 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Homann, C. A1 - Krukewitt, Lisa A1 - Frenzel, Florian A1 - Grauel, Bettina A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Haase, M. T1 - Aufwärtskonvertierende NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4‐Kern/Schale‐Nanokristalle mit hoher Lumineszenzquantenausbeute N2 - Eine modifizierte Syntheseroute auf der Basis wasserfreier Seltenerdacetate wurde zur Synthese aufwärtskonvertierender Kern/Schale‐Nanokristalle mit mittleren Größen zwischen 15 bis 45 nm eingesetzt. Die nahezu monodispersen Partikel bestehen aus einem NaYF4:Yb,Er‐Kern, dotiert mit 18 % Yb3+ und 2 % Er3+, und einer inerten Schale aus NaYF4, wobei die Dicke der Schale dem jeweiligen Radius des Kernpartikels entspricht. Absolutmessungen der Photolumineszenz‐Quantenausbeuten bei verschiedenen Anregungsleistungsdichten zeigen, dass die Quantenausbeuten von 45 nm Kern/Schale‐Partikeln schon fast an die Quantenausbeute des mikrokristallinen aufwärtskonvertierenden Leuchtstoffs heranreichen. Kleinere Kern/Schale‐Partikel, die nach der gleichen Methode hergestellt wurden, zeigen nur eine moderate Abnahme der Quantenausbeute. Beispielsweise ist die Quantenausbeute von 15 nm großen Kern/Schale‐Partikeln bei hohen Leistungsdichten (100 W cm−2) nur um einen Faktor drei kleiner als die des mikrokristallinen Leuchtstoffpulvers und um ungefähr einen Faktor 10 kleiner bei niedrigen Leistungsdichten (1 W cm−2). KW - Nicht lineare Prozesse KW - Nanopartikel KW - Quantenausbeute PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201803083 VL - 130 IS - 28 SP - 8901 EP - 8905 PB - Wiley VCH Verlag AN - OPUS4-45573 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Homann, C. A1 - Krukewitt, Lisa A1 - Frenzel, Florian A1 - Grauel, Bettina A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Haase, M. T1 - NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 Core/Shell Nanocrystals with High Upconversion Luminescence Quantum Yield N2 - Upconversion core/shell nanocrystals with different mean sizes ranging from 15 to 45 nm were prepared via a modified synthesis procedure based on anhydrous rare‐earth acetates. All particles consist of a core of NaYF4:Yb,Er, doped with 18 % Yb3+ and 2 % Er3+, and an inert shell of NaYF4, with the shell thickness being equal to the radius of the core particle. Absolute measurements of the photoluminescence quantum yield at a series of different excitation power densities show that the quantum yield of 45 nm core/shell particles is already very close to the quantum yield of microcrystalline upconversion phosphor powder. Smaller core/shell particles prepared by the same method show only a moderate decrease in quantum yield. The quantum yield of 15 nm core/shell particles, for instance, is reduced by a factor of three compared to the bulk upconversion phosphor at high power densities (100 W cm−2) and by approximately a factor of 10 at low power densities (1 W cm−2). KW - Core shell structure KW - Upconversion KW - Non lienear processes KW - Nanoparticle KW - Quantum yield PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803083 VL - 57 IS - 28 SP - 8765 EP - 8769 PB - Wiley-VCH AN - OPUS4-45574 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Carl, F. A1 - Grauel, Bettina A1 - Pons, Monica A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Haase, M. T1 - LiYF4:Yb/LiYF4 and LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals with luminescence decay times similar to YLF laser crystals and the upconversion quantum yield of the Yb,Er doped nanocrystals N2 - We developed a procedure to prepare luminescent LiYF4:Yb/LiYF4 and LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell nanocrystals with a size of approximately 40 nm revealing luminescence decay times of the dopant ions that approach those of high-quality laser crystals of LiYF4:Yb (Yb:YLF) and LiYF4:Yb,Er (Yb,Er:YLF) with identical doping concentrations. As the luminescence decay times of Yb3+ and Er3+ are known to be very sensitive to the presence of quenchers, the long decay times of the core/shell nanocrystals indicate a very low number of defects in the core particles and at the core/shell interfaces. This improvement in the performance was achieved by introducing two important modifications in the commonly used oleic acid based synthesis. First, the shell was prepared via anewly developed method characterized by a very low nucleation rate for particles of pure LiYF4 shell material. Second, anhydrous acetates were used as precursors and additional drying steps were applied to reduce the incorporation of OH− in the crystal lattice, known to quench the emission of Yb3+ ions. Excitation power density (P)-dependent absolute measurements of the upconversion luminescence quantum yield (Φ,UC) of LiYF4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 core/shell particles reveal a maximum value of 1.25% at P of 180 W·cm−2. Although lower than the values reported for NaYF4:18%Yb,2%Er core/shell nanocrystals with comparable sizes, these Φ, UC values are the highest reported so far for LiYF4:18%Yb,2%Er/LiYF4 nanocrystals without additional dopants. Further improvements May nevertheless be possible by optimizing the dopant concentrations in the LiYF4 nanocrystals. KW - Nano KW - Crystal KW - Quantum yield KW - LiYF4 KW - Synthesis KW - Lifetime KW - Fluorescence KW - NIR KW - Photoluminescence KW - Lanthanide KW - Upconversion nanoparticle KW - Nanomaterial PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-515395 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3116-y SN - 1998-0124 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 797 EP - 806 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-51539 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waiblinger, H. U. A1 - Bartsch, D. A1 - Brockmeyer, J. A1 - Bruenen-Nieweler, C. A1 - Busch, U. A1 - Haase, I. A1 - Hahn, A. A1 - Haarmann, M. A1 - Hauser, W. A1 - Huber, I. A1 - Jany, K. D. A1 - Kirmse, N. A1 - Lindeke, S. A1 - Neumann, K. A1 - Naumann, H. A1 - Paschke, A. A1 - Pietsch, K. A1 - Pöpping, B. A1 - Reiting, R. A1 - Schroeder, U. A1 - Schwägele, F. A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Zagon, J. T1 - Methods of differentiating animal species in food - Status quo N2 - In the field of animal species differentiation, work on standardizing methods has been intensified in Germany in recent years, not least due to the horsemeat scandal in 2013. Even though there are now hardly ever any positive findings anymore in examinations to detect horse adulterations in foods such as lasagne, animal species differentiation altogether ranks high in detecting adulteration of foods. This article, therefore, summarises the current status of analytical techniques used in Germany with standardization at German level. It has been established by the working group "Biochemical and Molecular Biological Analytics" of the Lebensmittelchemische Gesellschaft (Food Chemistry Society within the German Chemical Society) with support of experts in the working group “Molecular biology techniques for differentiating plant and animal species" (§64 of the German Food and Feed Code - LFGB) and the "Immunology and molecular biology" task force of the food hygiene and food of animal origin working group (ALTS), both from Germany. KW - Animal species differentiation KW - Fish species KW - PCR KW - ELISA KW - LC-MS/MS PY - 2017 IS - 3 SP - 29 EP - 36 PB - Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH CY - Frankfurt am Main AN - OPUS4-43485 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grauel, Bettina A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Homann, C. A1 - Krukewitt, Lisa A1 - Andresen, Elina A1 - Roik, Janina A1 - Recknagel, Sebastian A1 - Haase, M. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute T1 - Volume and surface effects on two-photonic and three-photonic processes in dry co-doped upconversion nanocrystals N2 - Despite considerable advances in synthesizing high-quality core/shell upconversion (UC) nanocrystals (NC; UCNC) and UCNC photophysics, the application of near-infrared (NIR)-excitable lanthanide-doped UCNC in the life and material sciences is still hampered by the relatively low upconversion luminescence (UCL) of UCNC of small size or thin protecting shell. To obtain deeper insights into energy transfer and surface quenching processes involving Yb3+ and Er3+ ions, we examined energy loss processes in differently sized solid core NaYF4 nanocrystals doped with either Yb3+ (YbNC; 20% Yb3+) or Er3+ (ErNC; 2% Er3+) and co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ (YbErNC; 20% Yb3+ and 2% Er3+) without a surface protection shell and coated with a thin and a thick NaYF4 shell in comparison to single and co-doped bulk materials. Luminescence studies at 375 nm excitation demonstrate backenergy transfer (BET) from the 4G11/2 state of Er3+ to the 2F5/2 state of Yb3+, through which the red Er3+ 4F9/2 state is efficiently populated. Excitation power density (P)-dependent steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements at different excitation and emission wavelengths enable to separate surface-related and volume-related effects for two-photonic and threephotonic processes involved in UCL and indicate a different influence of surface passivation on the green and red Er3+ emission. The intensity and lifetime of the latter respond particularly to an increase in volume of the active UCNC core. We provide a threedimensional random walk model to describe these effects that can be used in the future to predict the UCL behavior of UCNC. KW - Nano KW - Nanomaterial KW - Upconversion KW - Nanoparticle KW - Lanthanide KW - Photoluminescence KW - Quantum yield KW - Pphotophysics KW - Lifetime KW - Sensor KW - Excitation KW - Power density KW - Single particle KW - Brightness KW - NIR KW - Mechanism KW - Modeling KW - Simulation KW - Energy transfer PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-535317 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3727-y SN - 1998-0124 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 2362 EP - 2373 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-53531 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waiblinger, H. U. A1 - Brockmeyer, J. A1 - Bruenen-Nieweler, C. A1 - Busch, U. A1 - Haase, I. A1 - Hahn, A. A1 - Haarmann, M. A1 - Hauser, W. A1 - Huber, I. A1 - Jany, K. D. A1 - Kirmse, N. A1 - Lindeke, S. A1 - Neumann, K. A1 - Naumann, H. A1 - Paschke, A. A1 - Pietsch, K. A1 - Pöpping, B. A1 - Reiting, R. A1 - Schroeder, U. A1 - Schwägele, F. A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Zagon, J. T1 - Methoden zur Differenzierung von Tierarten in Lebensmitteln – Status quo N2 - Nicht zuletzt bedingt durch den Pferdefleischskandal im Jahr 2013 wurden in Deutschland die Aktivitäten bei der Methodenstandardisierung im Bereich der Tierarten-Differenzierung in den vergangenen Jahren intensiviert. Wenn auch positive Befunde bei dem Nachweis von Bestandteilen aus Pferd in Lebensmitteln wie Lasagne derzeit so gut wie nicht mehr anzutreffen sind, so hat die Tierartendifferenzierung insgesamt beim Nachweis von Verfälschungen in Lebensmitteln einen hohen Stellenwert. Diese Arbeit fasst daher den aktuellen Stand der Analytik in Deutschland mit Schwerpunkt bei der Standardisierung zusammen. Sie wurde erstellt durch die Arbeitsgruppe „Biochemische und molekularbiologische Analytik“ der Lebensmittelchemischen Gesellschaft mit Unterstützung von Experten der Arbeitsgruppe „Molekularbiologische Methoden zur Pflanzen- und Tierartendifferenzierung“ (§ 64 LFGB) sowie der ALTS-Arbeitsgruppe „Immunologie und Molekularbiologie“ (jeweils D). KW - ELISA KW - PCR KW - Multiplex KW - DNA-Chip KW - Fischarten KW - Standardisierung KW - Molekularbiologie KW - Immunoassay KW - Hybridisierung KW - Digitale PCR KW - LC-MS/MS KW - Massenspektrometrie KW - Schnellmethoden KW - Screening KW - Milch KW - Microarray KW - LAMP KW - Laborvergleichuntersuchungen KW - Referenzmaterialien KW - Standardverfahren PY - 2017 SN - 0015-363X IS - 1 SP - 97 EP - 102 PB - Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-39038 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waiblinger, H. U. A1 - Bartsch, D. A1 - Brockmeyer, J. A1 - Bruenen-Nieweler, C. A1 - Busch, U. A1 - Haase, I. A1 - Hahn, A. A1 - Haarmann, M. A1 - Hauser, W. A1 - Huber, I. A1 - Jany, K. D. A1 - Kirmse, N. A1 - Lindeke, S. A1 - Neumann, K. A1 - Naumann, H. A1 - Paschke, A. A1 - Pietsch, K. A1 - Pöpping, B. A1 - Reiting, R. A1 - Schroeder, U. A1 - Schwägele, F. A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Zagon, J. T1 - Methods of differentiating animal species in foods – Status quo N2 - Work on standardising methods in the field of animal species differentiation has been intensified in Germany in recent years, not least due to the horsemeat scandal in 2013. Even though there are now hardly ever any positive findings any more in examinations to detect horse adulterations in foods such as lasagne, animal species differentiation altogether ranks high in detecting adulteration of foods. This article therefore summarises the current status of analytical techniques used in Germany with standardisation at German level. It has been established by the working group “Biochemical and Molecular Biological Analytics” of the Lebensmittelchemische Gesellschaft (Food Chemistry Society within the German Chemical Society) with support of experts in the working group “Molecular biology techniques for differentiating plant and animal species” (§ 64 of the German Food and Feed Code – LFGB) and the “Immunology and molecular biology” task force of the food hygiene and Food of animal origin working group (ALTS), both from Germany. KW - Animal species differentiation KW - Fish species KW - PCR KW - Standardisation KW - DNA chip KW - Multiplex methods KW - Digital PCR KW - ELISA methods KW - Immunoassays KW - LC-MS/MS KW - Reference materials KW - Microarrays KW - LAMP KW - Interlaboratory studies PY - 2017 SN - 0179-2415 VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 50 EP - 55 PB - Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH CY - Frankfurt AN - OPUS4-39264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Z. A1 - Villa Santos, C. A1 - Legrand, A. A1 - Haase, F. A1 - Hara, Y. A1 - Kanamori, K. A1 - Aoyama, T. A1 - Urayama, K. A1 - Doherty, C. M. A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard A1 - Colon, Y. J. A1 - Furukawa, S. T1 - Multiscale structural control of linked metal–organic polyhedra gel by aging-induced linkage-reorganization N2 - Assembly of permanently porous metal–organic polyhedra/cages (MOPs) with bifunctional linkers leads to soft supramolecular networks featuring both porosity and processability. However, the amorphous nature of such soft materials complicates their characterization and thus limits rational structural control. Here we demonstrate that aging is an effective strategy to control the hierarchical network of supramolecular gels, which are assembled from organic ligands as linkers and MOPs as junctions. Normally, the initial gel formation by rapid gelation leads to a kinetically trapped structure with low controllability. Through a controlled post-synthetic aging process, we show that it is possible to tune the network of the linked MOP gel over multiple length scales. This process allows control on the molecular-scale rearrangement of interlinking MOPs, mesoscale fusion of colloidal particles and macroscale densification of the whole colloidal network. In this work we elucidate the relationships between the gel properties, such as porosity and rheology, and their hierarchical structures, which suggest that porosity measurement of the dried gels can be used as a powerful tool to characterize the microscale structural transition of their corresponding gels. This aging strategy can be applied in other supramolecular polymer systems particularly containing kinetically controlled structures and shows an opportunity to engineer the structure and the permanent porosity of amorphous materials for further applications. KW - SAXS KW - Metal-organic polyhedra KW - Structural control PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-532309 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc02883a SN - 1478-6524 SN - 1742-2183 VL - 12 IS - 38 SP - NIL_1 EP - NIL_9 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-53230 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haase, A. A1 - Arlinghaus, H. F. A1 - Tentschert, J. A1 - Jungnickel, H. A1 - Graf, P. A1 - Mantion, Alexandre A1 - Draude, F. A1 - Galla, S. A1 - Plendl, J. A1 - Goetz, M.E. A1 - Masic, A. A1 - Meier, W. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Taubert, A. A1 - Luch, A. T1 - Application of laser postionization secondary neutral mass spectrometry / time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry in nanotoxicology: Visualization of nanosilver in human macrophages and cellular responses N2 - Silver nanoparticles (SNP) are the subject of worldwide commercialization because of their antimicrobial effects. Yet only little data on their mode of action exist. Further, only few techniques allow for visualization and quantification of unlabeled nanoparticles inside cells. To study SNP of different sizes and coatings within human macrophages, we introduce a novel laser postionization secondary neutral mass spectrometry (Laser-SNMS) approach and prove this method superior to the widely applied confocal Raman and transmission electron microscopy. With time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) we further demonstrate characteristic fingerprints in the lipid pattern of the cellular membrane indicative of oxidative stress and membrane fluidity changes. Increases of protein carbonyl and heme oxygenase-1 levels in treated cells confirm the presence of oxidative stress biochemically. Intriguingly, affected phagocytosis reveals as highly sensitive end point of SNP-mediated adversity in macrophages. The cellular responses monitored are hierarchically linked, but follow individual kinetics and are partially reversible. KW - Nanosilver KW - Laser-SNMS KW - TOF-SIMS KW - Confocal Raman microscopy KW - Oxidative stress KW - Protein carbonyls PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/nn200163w SN - 1936-0851 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 3059 EP - 3068 PB - ACS Publ. CY - Washington, DC, USA AN - OPUS4-23656 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haase, A. A1 - Tentschert, J. A1 - Jungnickel, H. A1 - Graf, P. A1 - Mantion, Alexandre A1 - Draude, F. A1 - Plendl, J. A1 - Goetz, M.E. A1 - Galla, S. A1 - Masic, A. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Taubert, A. A1 - Arlinghaus, H. F. A1 - Luch, A. T1 - Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in human macrophages: uptake, intracellular distribution and cellular responses N2 - Silver nanoparticles (SNP) are among the most commercialized nanoparticles worldwide. They can be found in many diverse products, mostly because of their antibacterial properties. Despite its widespread use only little data on possible adverse health effects exist. It is difficult to compare biological data from different studies due to the great variety in sizes, coatings or shapes of the particles. Here, we applied a novel synthesis approach to obtain SNP, which are covalently stabilized by a small peptide. This enables a tight control of both size and shape. We applied these SNP in two different sizes of 20 or 40 nm (Ag20Pep and Ag40Pep) and analyzed responses of THP-1-derived human macrophages. Similar gold nanoparticles with the same coating (Au20Pep) were used for comparison and found to be non-toxic. We assessed the cytotoxicity of particles and confirmed their cellular uptake via transmission electron microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy. Importantly a majority of the SNP could be detected as individual particles spread throughout the cells. Furthermore we studied several types of oxidative stress related responses such as induction of heme oxygenase I or formation of protein carbonyls. In summary, our data demonstrate that even low doses of SNP exerted adverse effects in human macrophages. KW - Silver nanoparticles KW - Neurotoxicology KW - Protein carbonyls KW - ROS PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/304/1/012030 SN - 1742-6588 SN - 1742-6596 VL - 304 SP - 012030-1 - 012030-14 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol, UK AN - OPUS4-24035 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -