TY - JOUR A1 - Giongo, A. A1 - Favet, J. A1 - Lapanje, A. A1 - Gano, K.A. A1 - Kennedy, S. A1 - Davis-Richardson, A.G. A1 - Brown, C. A1 - Beck, A. A1 - Farmerie, W.G. A1 - Cattaneo, A. A1 - Crabb, D.B. A1 - Aung, Y.-Y. A1 - Kort, R. A1 - Brumsack, H.-J. A1 - Schnetger, B. A1 - Broughton, William J. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Triplett, E.W. T1 - Microbial hitchhikers on intercontinental dust: high-throughput sequencing to catalogue microbes in small sand samples N2 - Microbiological studies on the intercontinental transport of dust are confounded by the difficulty of obtaining sufficient material for analysis. Axenic samples of dust collected at high altitudes or historic specimens in museums are often so small and precious that the material can only be sacrificed when positive results are assured. With this in mind, we evaluated current methods and developed new ones in an attempt to catalogue all microbes present in small dust or sand samples. The methods used included classical microbiological approaches in which sand extracts were plated out on a variety of different media, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification of 16S/18S rRNA sequences followed by construction of clone libraries, PCR amplification of 16S rRNA sequences followed by high-throughput sequencing (HtS) of the products and direct HtS of DNA extracted from the sand. A representative sand sample collected at Bahaï Wadi in the desert of the Republic of Chad was used. HtS with or without amplification showed the most promise and can be performed on ≤100 ng DNA. Since living microbes are often required, current best practices would involve geochemical and microscopic characterisation of the sample, followed by DNA isolation and direct HtS. Once the microbial content of the sample has been deciphered, growth conditions (including media) can be tailored to isolate the micro-organisms of interest. KW - Chad KW - Deserts KW - Eukaryota KW - 16S amplicons KW - Metagenomics PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-012-9264-0 SN - 0393-5965 SN - 1573-3025 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 84 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-27687 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noack-Schönmann, Steffi A1 - Spagin, Olga A1 - Gründer, Klaus-Peter A1 - Breithaupt, Mathias A1 - Günther, Achim A1 - Muschik, Bernd A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Sub-aerial biofilms as blockers of solar radiation: spectral properties as tools to charcterise material-relevant microbial growth N2 - Sub-aerial biofilms (SABs) are ubiquitous microbial communities that develop at the interface between hard surfaces and the atmosphere. Inherent SAB 'core-settlers' include phototrophic algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and microcolonial fungi (MCF). SABs do not simply cover hard surfaces; they interact with them in myriads of ways and bind to the underlying substrate. Secretion of extracellular mucilage aids adhesion, while organic acids and acidic polysaccharides weather the surface. As protection against solar radiation, many members of the SAB consortia produce shielding pigments while the phototrophic inhabitants are laden with photosynthetic pigments. All absorb light of many wavelengths and in addition, the cells themselves scatter light. Both effects change the spectra of incoming radiation (including wavelengths that are converted to electricity by photovoltaic cells) and decrease its intensity. To quantify these effects on SABs as complex entities of organisms and pigments, we measured the spectral properties of model and natural biofilms transferred to glass. Here we show that SABs growing on solar panels and other substrates scatter incident radiation between 250 nm up to 1800 nm and block up to 70% of its transmission. Model biofilms have the advantage that their microbial components can be 'tuned' to resemble natural ones of different compositions thus providing a novel materials-testing tool. KW - Material-colonising microorganisms KW - Microcolonial fungi KW - Glass biodeterioration KW - Solar panels KW - Biofilm-impaired transmittance of radiation PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.09.020 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 86 SP - 286 EP - 293 PB - Elsevier CY - Barking AN - OPUS4-30128 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Landsberger, Petra A1 - Boenke, Viola A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Rodenacker, K. A1 - Pierce, B.F. A1 - Kratz, K. A1 - Lendlein, A. T1 - Bacterial attachment on poly[acrylonitrile-co-(2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid)] surfaces N2 - The influence of material properties on bacterial attachment to surfaces needs to be understood when applying polymer-based biomaterials. Positively charged materials can kill adhered bacteria when the charge density is sufficiently high but such materials initially increase the adherence of some bacteria such as Escherichia coli. On the other hand, negatively charged materials have been shown to inhibit initial bacterial adhesion, but this effect has only been demonstrated in relatively few biomaterial classes and needs to be evaluated using additional systems. Gradients in surface charge can impact bacterial adhesion and this was tested in our experimental setup. Moreover, the evaluation of bacterial adhesion to biomaterials is required to assess their potential for biological applications. Here, we studied the bacterial adhesion of E. coli and Bacillus subtilis on the surfaces of acrylonitrile-based copolymer samples with different amounts of 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaMAS) comonomer. The content related to NaMAS based repeating units nNaMAS varied in the range from 0.9 to 1.5 mol%. We found a reduced colonized area of E. coli for NaMAS containing copolymers in comparison to pure PAN materials, whereby the bacterial colonization was similar for copolymers with different nNaMAS amounts. A different adhesion behavior was obtained for the second tested organism B. subtilis, where the implementation of negative charges into PAN did not change the overall adhesion pattern. Furthermore, it was observed that B. subtilis adhesion was significantly increased on copolymer samples that exhibited a more irregular surface roughness. T2 - MRS Spring meeting 2013 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 01.04.2013 KW - Biomaterial KW - Biological KW - Polymer PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.832 VL - 1569 IS - MRSS13-1569-NN15-13.R1 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-30161 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Wachsender Faktor der Energiewende: Biofilme auf Photovoltaikmodulen T2 - Vortrag, Universität Oldenburg CY - Oldenburg, Germany DA - 2014-04-29 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30870 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Rock-inhabiting fungi and phototrophs on bare rock surfaces - laboratory model systems in geomicrobiology T2 - Institutskolloquium CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2012-09-11 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26467 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montero-Calasanz, M.d.C. A1 - Göker, M. A1 - Pötter, G. A1 - Rohde, M. A1 - Spröer, C. A1 - Schumann, P. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Klenk, H.-P. T1 - Geodermatophilus normandii sp. nov., isolated from Saharan desert sand N2 - A novel Gram-reaction-positive actinobacterial strain, designated CF5/3T, was isolated from a sand sample obtained in the Sahara Desert, Chad. The greenish-black-pigmented isolate was aerobic and exhibited optimal growth from 25–40 °C at pH 6.0–10.0 with 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. The DNA G+C content of the genome of the novel strain was 75.5 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic diamino acid. The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and a minor fraction of phosphatidylglycerol. MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone, and galactose was detected as a diagnostic sugar. The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids: iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 95.6–98.8 % pairwise sequence identity with the members of the genus Geodermatophilus. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic distinctiveness, the isolate represents a novel species, Geodermatophilus normandii, with the type strain CF5/3T (=DSM 45417T=CCUG 62814T=MTCC 11412T). PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.051201-0 SN - 1466-5026 SN - 1466-5034 VL - 63 IS - 9 SP - 3437 EP - 3443 PB - SGM CY - Reading AN - OPUS4-30220 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Materials conservation for a sustainable development T2 - Workshop + Lehrveranstaltung: "Science and Past: Materials conservation for a sustainable development" CY - Zaragoza, Spain DA - 2012-11-13 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27109 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial ecology of material surfaces and their biofilms: deserts at your doorstep N2 - Introduction. Throughout a remarkably long period land colonisation on Earth has been proceeding by biofilm growth on bare rock surfaces. This very long history of sub-aerial biofilm development resulted in a high degree of their specialisation in challenging environments including desert rocks and high mountain altitudes. Presently the solid substrate/atmosphere interface habitat is frequently anthropogenic and includes e.g. building surfaces as well as industrial energy-producing facilities like solar plants. Those can be looked upon as pseudodeserts inhabited by complex microbial communities metabolising under limited water availability and high sun irradiation. Aim. We intended to compare microbial settlers from sub-aerial biofilms that grow on photovoltaic panels and painted building facades surfaces to the known database of the rock-inhabiting fungi. Materials and methods. Characteristic organisms' that dominate specific rock-inhabiting as well as buildings' facades- and photovoltaic panel-dwelling communities were isolated, identified, and characterized by microbiological and molecular biological methods. Results. Melanised meristematic ascomycetes are the most enduring and numerous dwellers on sub-aerial rock, facade and solar panel surfaces. Obviously, environmental changes perturb sub-aerial biofilm development but over a number of seasons, these changes result in relatively stable microbial communities peculiar to this particular environmental niche. Conclusions. A broad selection of melanised meristematic ascomycetes is indicative of sub-aerial biofilm on all atmosphere-exposed surfaces and can thus be referred to as "reference organisms" for these habitats. Our experimental evidence confirms that colonization of such substrates is facilitated by a symbiosis between a photosynthesizing organism and a fungus that are equipped to cope with the stress associated with sub-aerial existence. Melanised ascomycetes possess a very special stress-tolerant life style that arises under the influence of atmosphere and the solid support. It should be pointed out, that (1) these biofilm communities cannot be considered as "primitive" ones regarding the very long history of their development and high degree of their specialization; and (2) symbiotically competent but free-living bacterial/fungal biofilms cannot be compared to lichen communities, evolving much later than biofilm ecosystems. A genetically tractable laboratory system that includes the key participants of sub-aerial biofilm ecosystems is currently used for the development of standard test procedures in material sciences. Keywords. Sub-aerial biofilms, rock-inhabiting melanised fungi, reference organisms, solar panels biofilms T2 - XVI. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium; International Biodeterioation & Biodegradation Society CY - Lodz, Poland DA - 2014-09-03 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31922 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Hauswand als Wüstenlandschaft: mikrobielle Besiedlung von luft-exponierten Oberflächen T2 - 2. Photokatalyse-Kolloqium; Fachverband angewandte Photokatalyse CY - Frankfurt am Main; Deutschland DA - 2014-10-02 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31923 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Biofilme auf Photovoltaikanlagen T2 - 10. Workshop Photovoltaik-Modultechnik; TÜV Rheinland CY - Cologne, Germany DA - 2013-11-28 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-30636 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Leben auf Materialien: von Grundlagen der Biofilmbildung zu angewandter Forschung und neuen Werkstofftests T2 - DECHEMA Frühjahrstagung der Biotechnologen 2014 CY - Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland DA - 2014-03-11 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-32262 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seiffert, Franz A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Bouchez, J. A1 - Von Blanckenburg, F. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial colonization of bare rocks: laboratory biofilm enhances mineral weathering N2 - A laboratory biofilm consisting of the phototrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 and the rock-inhabiting ascomycete Knufia petricola CBS 726.95 was tested for its mineral weathering potential. Minerals with different grain sizes and mineralogy were incubated with and without biofilm in batch and in flow-through column experiments. After incubation, the mineral dissolution was quantified analysing (i) leachate chemistry via ICP-OES/MS (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry) and (ii) the residual grains as thin polished sections via SEM/TEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry). Mineral dissolution was enhanced in biotic experiments as compared to abiotic ones, for both batch culture and flow-through approaches. Analyses of thin polished sections confirmed the leaching of these elements near the surface of the mineral grains. These results clearly indicate a biotic effect on the weathering of minerals produced by the laboratory biofilm. KW - Biotic weathering KW - Flow-through cell KW - Albite KW - Forsterite KW - Olivine PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.042 SN - 1878-5220 VL - 10 SP - 123 EP - 129 PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-32739 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Rock-weathering fungi: a simple genetically tractable model system to study organism-material interactions T2 - 28th Fungal Genetics Conference CY - Pacific Grove, California, USA DA - 2015-03-17 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33056 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Knabe, Nicole A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Life on the rocks or deserts at your doorstep T2 - Seminar Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-04-15 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33101 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Wirth, R. A1 - Schreiber, A. A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Knabe, Nicole A1 - Schott, J, A1 - Benning, L.G. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - High-resolution imaging of fungal biofilm-induced olivine weathering N2 - Many microorganisms including free-living and symbiotic fungi weather minerals through the formation of biofilms on their surface. Weathering thus proceeds not only according to the mineral’s chemistry and the environmental conditions but also according to the local biofilm chemistry. These processes can be dissected in experiments with defined environmental settings and by employing genetic tools to modify traits of the fungal biofilm. Biofilms of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola strain A95 (wild-type, WT) and its melanin-deficient mutant (ΔKppks) were grown on polished olivine sections in subaerial (air-exposed) and subaquatic (submerged) conditions. After seven months of interaction at pH 6 and 25°C, the fungus-mineral interface and abiotic olivine surface were compared using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The abiotic, subaquatic olivine section showed a 25 nm thick, continuous amorphous layer, enriched in Fe and depleted in Si compared to the underlying crystalline olivine. This amorphous layer formed either through a coupled interfacial dissolution reprecipitation mechanism or through the adsorption of silicic acid on precipitated ferric hydroxides. Its thickness was likely enhanced by mechanical stresses of polishing. Directly underneath a fungal biofilm (WT and mutant alike), the surface remained mostly crystalline and was strongly etched and weathered, indicating enhanced olivine dissolution. The correlation between enhanced olivine dissolution and the absence of a continuous amorphous layer is a strong indication of the dissolution-inhibiting qualities of the latter. We propose that the fungal biofilm sequesters significant amounts of Fe, preventing formation of the amorphous layer and driving olivine dissolution onwards. The seemingly similar olivine surface underneath both WT and mutant biofilms illustrates the comparably insignificant role of specific biofilm traits in the weathering of olivine once biofilm attachment is imposed. Under subaerial conditions, the absence of water on the abiotic surface prohibited olivine dissolution. This was overcome by the water retention capacities of both the WT and mutant biofilm: the olivine surface underneath subaerial fungal biofilms was as weathered as the corresponding subaquatic olivine surface. Under the studied environmental settings, the effect of fungal biofilms on olivine weathering seems to be universal, independent of the production of melanin, the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or air-exposure. KW - Bio-weathering KW - Forsterite KW - Extracellular polymeric substances KW - Melanin KW - Black fungi PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119902 VL - 559 SP - 119902 PB - Elsevier B.V. AN - OPUS4-51403 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sanchez-Martin, Pedro A1 - Becker, Roland A1 - Toepel, J. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - An improved test for the evaluation of hydrocarbon degradation capacities of diesel-contaminating microorganisms N2 - The development of a test to evaluate the degradation of semi-volatile fuels as diesel by microorganisms is presented. This method is based on the principles described in the CEC-L-103 Standard procedure that is exclusively meant for testing the biodegradability of non-volatile lubricants. Therefore, significant modifications involve aseptic conditions for testing specific microorganisms and conducting the test in closed vessels avoiding evaporation losses, while fuel quantification using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) is retained. It is suggested that the modified procedure should enable routine application for semi-volatile hydrocarbon-based fuels. GC-FID provides additionally valuable information on the alteration of fuel component patterns during biodegradation. The procedure was successfully tested using two bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Sphingomonas sp.) and two yeasts (Moesziomyces sp. and Candida sp.) isolated from real diesel contamination cases. All tested microorganisms caused a significant degradation of diesel fuel achieving hydrocarbon degradation percentages ranging from 23% to 35%. Specific aspects on the test modification and prospects for further modification regarding targeted investigations in the field of fuel contamination by microorganisms are briefly discussed. KW - Biofouling KW - Bacteria KW - Fungi KW - CEC-L-103 KW - GC-FID KW - Reference organisms PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.01.009 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 129 SP - 89 EP - 94 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-44524 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nai, Corrado A1 - Wong, Helen A1 - Pannenbecker, A. A1 - Broughton, William J. A1 - Benoit, I. A1 - De Vries, R.P. A1 - Gueidan, C. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Nutritional physiology of a rock-inhabiting, model microcolonial fungus from an ancestral lineage of the chaetothyriales (ascomycetes) N2 - Rock-inhabiting black fungi [also microcolonial or meristematic fungi (MCF)] are a phylogenetically diverse group of melanised ascomycetes with distinctive morphological features that confer extensive stress tolerance and permit survival in hostile environments. The MCF strain A95 Knufia petricola (syn. Sarcinomyces petricola) belongs to an ancestral lineage of the order Chaetothyriales (class Eurotiomycetes). K. petricola strain A95 is a rock-inhabiting MCF and its growth requirements were studied using the 96-well plate-based Biolog™ System under ~1070 different conditions (osmotic stress, pH growth optima, growth factor requirements and nutrient catabolism). A95 is an osmotolerant, oligotrophic MCF that grows best around pH 5. Remarkably, A95 shows metabolic activity in the absence of added nitrogen, phosphorus or sulphur. Correlations could be drawn between the known nutrient requirements of A95 and what probably is available in sub-aerial systems (rock and other material surfaces). Detailed knowledge of A95's metabolic requirements allowed formulation of a synthetic medium that supports strong fungal growth. KW - Knufia petricola (syn. Sarcinomyces petricola) KW - A95 KW - Chaetothyriales (Eurotiomycetes) KW - Microcolonial fungi KW - Melanised rock-inhabiting fungi KW - Biolog™ system KW - Physiological characterisation PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2013.04.001 SN - 1087-1845 SN - 0147-5975 SN - 1096-0937 VL - 56 SP - 54 EP - 66 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-28865 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montero-Calasanz, M.C. A1 - Göker, M. A1 - Pötter, G. A1 - Rohde, M. A1 - Spröer, C. A1 - Schumann, P. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Klenk, H.P. T1 - Geodermatophilus saharensis sp. nov., isolated from sand of the Saharan desert in Chad N2 - A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, actinobacterial strain, CF5/5, was isolated from soil in the Sahara desert, Chad. It grew best at 20–35 °C and at pH 6.0–8.0 and with 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl, forming black-colored colonies. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. The DNA G + C content was 75.9 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; galactose and xylose were detected as diagnostic sugars. The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol; MK-9(H4) was the dominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were: iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. The 16S rRNA gene showed 95.6–98.3 % sequence similarity with the other named members of the genus Geodermatophilus. Based on the polyphasic taxonomy data, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus saharensis with the type strain CF5/5T = DSM 45423 = CCUG 62813 = MTCC 11416. KW - Actinomycetes KW - Geodermatophilaceae KW - Taxonomy KW - Sahara desert KW - Phenotype microarray PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-012-0860-8 SN - 0302-8933 SN - 1432-072X IS - Dezember SP - 1 EP - 7(?) PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-27630 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbiological colonization of materials as an indicator of the environmental change T2 - Konservierungswissenschaft und nachhaltige Entwicklung für die Erhaltung von Kunst- und Kulturgut - Auf dem Weg zum grünen Museum CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-04-11 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28085 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Reference Organisms in Materials Science: Why and How? T2 - 5th WMRIF General Assembly and Symposium “Materials meet life” CY - Dübendorf, Switzerland DA - 2013-05-12 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28483 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Rock Biofilms T2 - Kollouium CY - Dübendorf, Switzerland DA - 2013-05-17 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28482 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Kacunko, S. A1 - Kacunko, S. ED - Gethmann, D. ED - Wagner, A. T1 - Luftstaub über den Meeren - Wie historische Staubproben Wissenschaftler und Künstler inspirieren N2 - Schon erfahrenen Seemännern waren die Staubstürme bekannt, die zwischen den Kontinenten westwärts von Afrika über den Atlantik zogen? Doch war es Charles Darwin, der diese Phänomene erstmals in seinen wissenschaftlichen Aufzeichnungen belegte. PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-643-50491-3 N1 - Serientitel: Schnittstellen. Wissenschaft und Kunst im Dialog – Series title: Schnittstellen. Wissenschaft und Kunst im Dialog VL - 2 SP - 151 EP - 160 PB - LIT Verlag CY - Wien, Münster AN - OPUS4-28934 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Hoog, G.S. A1 - Vicente, V.A. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - The bright future of darkness - the rising power of black fungi: black yeasts, microcolonial fungi, and their relatives N2 - Black fungi are no longer viewed as neglected, rare, or exotic fungi—in fact, we now realize that they are all around us on a daily basis. In the past, we just have been looking at the wrong places, with inadequate detection tools, or with inappropriate isolation methods. In a way, the seemingly ubiquitous presence of black fungi is disturbing, reflecting one of the bright/dark contrasts of our research field: while scientists in the black yeast area all recognize the frustration of projects being rejected because of supposed societal insignificance, the general public tends to be afraid of these dangerous and omnipresent fungi. This fear dates back to 1934 when K. Kano described Hormiscium dermatitidis from a disfiguring facial infection in Japan. Since that time, many more severely mutilating and eventually fatal infections in apparently healthy people have been reported; the present issue of Mycopathologia contains another horrid example. Later, it was realized that these infections are related to diseases like chromoblastomycosis and primary cerebritis, which are already known for more than a century. Thus, severe black yeast diseases occurred long before organ transplantation was even invented, and in times when immune disorders like leukemia inevitably were rapidly followed by death. Black fungi belong to nature’s repertoire of primary pathogens, it seems, because they are able to kill healthy and immunocompetent individuals. PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-013-9666-8 SN - 0369-299X SN - 0301-486X SN - 0027-5530 SN - 1573-0832 VL - 175 IS - 5-6 SP - 365 EP - 368 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-28869 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Rock biofilms in nature and in the lab N2 - Essential processes necessary for the establishment and maintenance of rock biofilms include photosynthesis, production of extracellular polymeric substances, substrate penetration and nutrient enrichment from the atmosphere. This natural functional diversity is supported by a complex biofilm community consisting of heterotrophic and phototrophic microorganisms. While heterotrophic rock biofilm-formers are dominated by stress-tolerant microcolonial ascomycetes, phototrophs might be represented by diverse algae and cyanobacteria. Reduction of model systems to the genetically tractable minimum, a proven successful experimental strategy in different symbiotic systems, is now applied to rock biofilms. These complex and important natural systems are simulated in the lab using genetic methods coupled with continuous microscopic and analytical (microscopic as well as geochemical and biochemical) observations. Our in vitro bipartite model includes free-living and symbiosis-competent, genetically tractable microorganisms – a rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola A95 and a cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme strain ATCC 29133. To accurately reflect the development of a rock biofilm, contacts of these two genetically tractable partners are studied under well-controlled laboratory conditions. This experimental strategy is strongly supported by the knockout mutants of Knufia petricola which have been recently created and will be compared in their action on mineral surfaces. An impact of Knufia petricola strain A95 with or without protective pigments on mineral adhesion and alteration will be presented. T2 - XXX Congress of the Italian Lichen Society CY - Turin, Italy DA - 13.09.2017 KW - Knufia petricola KW - Biofilm KW - Rock-inhabiting fungus PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-43136 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria A1 - Gebhardt, Christopher A1 - Toepel, Jörg A1 - Barry, J. A1 - Munzke, N. A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Monitoring microbial soiling in photovoltaic systems: A qPCR-based approach N2 - Soiling of photovoltaic (PV) systems compromises their performance causing a significant power loss and demanding periodical cleaning actions. This phenomenon raises great concerns in the solar energy field, thus leading to notable research efforts over the last decades. Soiling is caused by a dual action of dust deposition and biofouling. However, surprisingly, the microbiological contribution to PV soiling is often overlooked or underestimated. In this study, a variety of qPCR-based methods have been developed to quantify the microbial load of fungi, bacteria and phototrophs on PV panels. These protocols were evaluated by comparison with culturedependent methods, and were implemented with real solar plants for two years. The results show that the developed molecular methods are highly sensitive and reliable to monitor the microbial component of the soiling. Fungal biomass was clearly dominant in all analysed PV modules, while bacteria and phototrophs showed much lower abundance. Light microscopy and qPCR results revealed that melanised microcolonial fungi and phototrophs are the main biofilm-forming microorganisms on the studied solar panels. In particular, the fungal qPCR protocol is proposed as a useful tool for monitoring of PV soiling, and investigating the microbial contribution to specific soiling cases. KW - Solar panels KW - PV modules KW - Real-time qPCR KW - Bacteria KW - Fungi KW - Phototrophs PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.12.008 SN - 0964-8305 VL - 129 SP - 13 EP - 22 PB - Elsevier Science AN - OPUS4-43892 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stohl, Leonie A1 - Manninger, Tanja A1 - von Werder, Julia A1 - Dehn, F. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Meng, Birgit T1 - Bioreceptivity of concrete - A review N2 - Materials that support natural biodiversity on their surfaces can compensate for human activities that have a negative impact on nature and thus contribute to a carbon-neutral and nature-positive world. Specifically designing bioreceptive materials which favor the growth of biofilms on their surface is an approach complementing conventional, macroscopic green façades. But what exactly characterizes a bioreceptive substrate and how do biofilm and substrate interact? How and why does a spontaneous colonization and the formation of biofilms take place? What are biofilms and how can they be established in a laboratory setting? How can this existing knowledge be transferred to the artificial stone concrete so that this material can be tuned to increase (or decrease) its bioreceptivity? This review paper aims at summarizing the existing state of knowledge on bioreceptive concrete and pointing out inconsistencies and contradictions which can only be removed by more interdisciplinary research in the field. KW - Bioreceptivity KW - Biofilm KW - Green facades KW - Developing building materials KW - Surface interactions KW - Concrete PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581685 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107201 SN - 2352-7102 VL - 76 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-58168 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montero-Calasanz, M.d.C. A1 - Göker, M. A1 - Pötter, G. A1 - Rohde, M. A1 - Spröer, C. A1 - Schumann, P. A1 - Klenk, H.-P. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Geodermatophilus telluris sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from Saharan desert sand N2 - A novel Gram-positive, multiloculated thalli-forming, aerobic, actinobacterial strain, CF9/1/1T, was isolated in 2007 during environmental screening for xerophilic fungi in arid desert soil from the Sahara desert, Chad. The isolate grew best at a temperature range of 20–35 °C and at pH 6.0–8.5 and with 0–4% (w/v) NaCl, forming black-coloured and irregular colonies on GYM agar. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 75.4 mol%. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as a diagnostic diamino acid. The main phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, a not yet structurally identified aminophospholipid and a small amount of phosphatidylglycerol; MK-9(H4) was identified as the dominant menaquinone and galactose was a diagnostic sugar. The major cellular fatty acids were branched-chain saturated acids: iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed 94.6–97.0% sequence similarities with those of five members of the genus: Geodermatophilus ruber DSM 45317T (94.6%), Geodermatophilus obscurus DSM 43160T (94.8%), Geodermatophilus siccatus DSM 45419T (96.2%), Geodermatophilus nigrescens DSM 45408T (96.7%) and Geodermatophilus arenarius DSM 45418T (97.0%). Based on the evidence from this polyphasic taxonomic study, a novel species, Geodermatophilus telluris sp. nov., is proposed; the type strain is CF9/1/1T (=DSM 45421T=CCUG 62764T). PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.046888-0 SN - 1466-5026 SN - 1466-5034 VL - 63 SP - 2254 EP - 2259 PB - SGM CY - Reading AN - OPUS4-28982 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wen, Keqing A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Bell, Jérémy T1 - A microfluidic platform for monitoring biofilm formation in flow under defined hydrodynamic conditions N2 - Bacterial adhesion on surfaces of medical, water and food applications may lead to infections, water or food spoilage and human illness. In comparison to traditional static and macro flow chamber assays for biofilm formation studies, microfluidic chips allow in situ monitoring of biofilm formation under various flow regimes, have better environment control and smaller sample requirements. In this work, a novel microfluidic platform is developed to investigate biofilm adhesion under precisely controlled bacteria concentration, temperature, and flow conditions. This platform central unit is a single-inlet microfluidic flow cell with a 5 mm wide chamber designed and tested to achieve ultra-homogenous flow in the central area of chamber. Within this area, defined microstructures are integrated that will disturb the homogeneity of the flow, thus changing bacterial adhesion pattern. Here we present the monitoring of bacterial biofilm formation in a microfluidic chip equipped with a microstructure known as micro-trap. This feature is based on a 3D bacteria trap designed by Di Giacomo et al. and successfully used to sequester motile bacteria. At first, fluorescent particles similar in size to Escherichia coli (E. coli) are used to simulate bacteria flow inside the flow cell and at the micro-trap. The turbulences induced by the trap are analyzed by imaging and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Secondly, the model strain E. coli TG1, ideal and well described for biofilm studies, is used to analyze biofilm formation in the micro-trap. Therefore, a stable fluorescent strain E. coli TG1-MRE-Tn7-141 is constructed by using Tn7 transposon mutagenesis according to the method described by Schlechter et al. Sequestering of E. coli cells within the micro-trap was followed using epifluorescence microscopy. The novel microfluidic platform shows great potential for assessment of bacterial adhesion under various flow regimes. The performance of structural feature with respect to the generation of turbulences that promote or reduce bacterial adhesion can be systematically examined. The combination of flow analysis and fluorescent strain injection into the microfluidic chip shows that the micro-trap is useful for capturing bacteria at defined positions and to study how flow conditions, especially micro-turbulences, can affect biofilm formation. It represents a powerful and versatile tool for studying the relation between topography and bacteria adhesion. T2 - International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY - Katowice, Poland DA - 15.10.2023 KW - Biofilm KW - E. coli KW - Microfluidics KW - Velocimetry KW - Fluorescence PY - 2023 AN - OPUS4-59593 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Favet, J. A1 - Lapanje, A. A1 - Giongo, A. A1 - Kennedy, S. A1 - Aung, Y.-Y. A1 - Cataneo, A. A1 - Kort, R. A1 - Brumsack, H.-J. A1 - Schnetger, B. A1 - Triplett, E.W. A1 - Beck, A. A1 - Broughton, William J. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial hitchhikers on intercontinental dust - Chadian origins T2 - VAAM-Jahrestagung 2011 CY - Karlsruhe, Germany DA - 03.04.2011 KW - Intercontinental dust KW - Desert soil PY - 2011 SN - 0947-0867 IS - EMP114 SP - 118 PB - Spektrum, Akad. Verl. AN - OPUS4-23629 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stohl, Leonie A1 - Tonon, Chiara A1 - Cook, Jake A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Dehn, Frank A1 - von Werder, Julia T1 - Understanding bioreceptivity of concrete: realistic and accelerated weathering experiments with model subaerial biofilms N2 - Vertical greening systems are a promising solution to the increasing demand for urban green spaces, improving environmental quality and addressing biodiversity loss. This study facilitates the development microbially greened algal biofilm facades, which offer a low maintenance vertical green space. The study focuses on concrete as a widely used building material and explores how physical surface characteristics impact its bioreceptive properties. Concrete samples, produced from the same mix but differing in surface structure, were subjected to a laboratory weathering experiment to assess their bioreceptivity. A novel inoculation method was employed, involving a single initial inoculation with either alga ( Jaagichlorella sp.) alone, or a model biofilm consisting of a combination of the alga ( Jaagichlorella sp.) with a fungus ( Knufia petricola). The samples underwent four months of weathering in a dynamic laboratory setup irrigated with deionized water to observe subaerial biofilm attachment and growth. The formation of subaerial biofilms was monitored with high resolution surface imaging, colorimetric measurements and Imaging Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometry (Imaging PAM-F), with Imaging PAM-F proving the most effective. Statistical analysis revealed that by impacting surface pH value and water retention capability, surface structures significantly influence microbial growth and that the concrete’s bioreceptivity can be influenced through thoughtful design of the materials surface. The inoculation of algae combined with a fungus facilitated the formation of a stable subaerial biofilm, enabling algae to colonize a surface structure that it could not colonize alone. This finding highlights the importance of modelling synergistic interactions present in natural biofilms. KW - Bioreceptivity KW - Concrete KW - Biofilm PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653105 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-025-02864-x SN - 1359-5997 VL - 59 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-65310 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittrich, Maria A1 - Paulo, Carlos A1 - Knabe, Nicole A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Zaitsev, Vladimir A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microscopic Raman study of fungal pigment using the genetically amenable rock inhabitant Knufia petricola as a model organism N2 - Fungal pigments such as melanin and carotenoids are distinctive markers of animal and plant pathogenic fungi as well as their environmental relatives. These complex pigments play important roles in pathogenicity and stress tolerance while also being useful as biomarkers. Accordingly, it is important to be able to identify in situ the pigments in black fungi, a group of clinical and environmental importance. In this study, wild-type and genetically modified strains of Knufia petricola A95 and wild fungal cells attached to ancient rock were investigated for their spectroscopic and microscopic Raman features and morphological appearance. Knockout mutants of melanin synthesis genes pks1 (polyketide synthase), sdh1 (scytalone dehydratase), and both pks1 and the carotenoid synthesis gene phd1 (phytoene desaturase) were studied We applied two different Raman microscopes using two lasers, with 633 nm and 488 nm wavelengths. We analyzed and compared Raman spectra between the measured reference substances and the mutant and wild-type strains. In the wild strain WT:A95, the peaks close to melanin peals were found at 1353 cm−1 and 1611 cm−1. There are no characteristic melanin peaks at 1580–1600 cm−1 and around 1350 cm−1 at the spectrum of the Δpks1/Δphd1 mutant and the Δsdh1 mutant. The Δpks1 mutant spectrum has the peaks at the beta-carotene v2 C-C in-plane stretch at 1155 cm−1 and v3 C-CH3 deformation at 1005 cm−1. The peaks of carotenoids and melanin were found in all mutants and the wild strain, except the Δpks1/Δphd1 mutant. Raman spectra allow for discrimination between the various pigments. Hence, interactions between natural fungal melanin, as well as other protective pigments, and complex environmental matrices can be characterized on a range of spatial and temporal scales. KW - Raman Spectroscopy KW - Instrumentation KW - Analytical Chemistry KW - Knufia petricola KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2023.123250 SN - 1386-1425 VL - 303 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier BV AN - OPUS4-58792 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breitenbach, Romy A1 - Silbernagl, Dorothee A1 - Toepel, J. A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Broughton, William J. A1 - Sassaki, G. L. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Corrosive extracellular polysaccharides of the rock-inhabiting model fungus Knufia petricola N2 - Melanised cell walls and extracellular polymeric matrices protect rock-inhabiting microcolonial fungi from hostile environmental conditions. How extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) perform this protective role was investigated by following development of the model microcolonial black fungus Knufia petricola A95 grown as a sub-aerial biofilm. Extracellular substances were extracted with NaOH/formaldehyde and the structures of two excreted polymers studied by methylation as well as NMR analyses. The main polysaccharide (~ 80%) was pullulan, also known as α-1,4-; α-1,6-glucan, with different degrees of polymerisation. Αlpha-(1,4)-linked-Glcp and α-(1,6)-linked-Glcp were present in the molar ratios of 2:1. A branched galactofuromannan with an α-(1,2)-linked Manp main chain and a β-(1,6)-linked Galf side chain formed a minor fraction (~ 20%). To further understand the roles of EPS in the weathering of minerals and rocks, viscosity along with corrosive properties were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The kinetic viscosity of extracellular K. petricola A95 polysaccharides (≈ 0.97 × 10-6 m2 s-1) ranged from the equivalent of 2% (w/v) to 5% glycerine, and could thus profoundly affect diffusion-dominated processes. The corrosive nature of rock-inhabiting fungal EPS was also demonstrated by its effects on the aluminium coating of the AFM cantilever and the silicon layer below. KW - Corrosion KW - EPS KW - Melanised microcolonial fungi (MCF) KW - Pullulan KW - Sub-aerial biofilms (SAB) KW - α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucans KW - AFM cantilever vibration KW - Nanoviscosity KW - Nanocorrosion of aluminium and silicon PY - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-435910 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-017-0984-5 SN - 1433-4909 SN - 1431-0651 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 165 EP - 175 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-43591 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shirakawa, M.A. A1 - Zilles, R. A1 - Mocelin, A. A1 - Gaylarde, C.C. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Heidrich, Gabriele A1 - Giudice, M.C. A1 - Del Negro, G.M.B. A1 - John, V.M. T1 - Microbial colonization affects the efficiency of photovoltaic panels in a tropical environment N2 - Sub-aerial biofilm (SAB) development on solar panels was studied in São Paulo. After 6, 12 and 18 months' exposure, photovoltaic panels were covered by increasing proportions of organic matter (42%, 53% and 58%, respectively). Fungi were an important component of these biofilms; very few phototrophs were found. Major microorganisms detected were melanised meristematic ascomycetes and pigmented bacterial genera Arthrobacter and Tetracoccus. While diverse algae, cyanobacteria and bacteria were identified in biofilms at 6 and 12 months, diversity at a later stage was reduced to that typical for SAB: the only fungal group detected in 18 month biofilm was the meristematic Dothideomycetes and the only phototrophs Ulothrix and Chlorella. Photovoltaic modules showed significant power reductions after 6, 12 (both 7%) and 18 (11%) months. The lack of difference in power reduction between 6 and 12 months reflects the dual nature of soiling, which can result from the deposition of particulates as well as from SAB fouling. Although 12-month old SAB demonstrated an almost 10-fold increase in fungal colonization and a higher organic content, the larger non-microbial particles (above 10 µm), which were important for efficiency reduction of lightly-biofilmed panels, were removed by high rainfall just before the 12-month sampling. KW - Sub-aerial biofilms KW - Energy production KW - Phototrophs KW - Fungi KW - Solar panels KW - Fouling KW - Biofilms KW - Photovoltaic module PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.050 SN - 0301-4797 SN - 1095-8630 VL - 157 SP - 160 EP - 167 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-33107 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial colonisation of bare rocks: a balance between understanding fungal genetics and weathering processes T2 - Geomicrobiological and Geochemical Colloquium CY - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam DA - 2015-06-19 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33519 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - A simple genetically tractable model system to study fungus-material interactions T2 - Kolloqium Fachbereich Geochemie CY - Philipps-Universität Marburg; Germany DA - 2015-07-01 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33751 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - "... a forted residence 'gainst the tooth of time..." T2 - Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC) CY - Universität Hamburg DA - 2015-06-11 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33518 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Microbial colonisation of bare rocks: a laboratory model to study initial and microscopic weathering processes T2 - Steepest Decent 2015 CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2015-04-18 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33234 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Life on the Rocks: A simple genetically tractable model system to study fungus-rock interactions T2 - Arbeitsgruppenseminar Pathologie & Biochemie CY - University de Parana, Brazil DA - 2015-11-09 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-35091 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Maria A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Toepel, Jörg T1 - A novel qPCR protocol for the specific detection and quantification of the fuel-deteriorating fungus Hormoconis resinae N2 - A wide variety of fungi and bacteria are known to contaminate fuels and fuel systems. These microbial contaminants have been linked to fuel system fouling and corrosion. The fungus Hormoconis resinae, a common jet fuel contaminant, is used in this study as a model for developing innovative risk assessment methods. A novel qPCR protocol to detect and quantify H. resinae in, and together with, total fungal contamination of fuel systems is reported. Two primer sets, targeting the markers RPB2 and ITS, were selected for their remarkable specificity and sensitivity. These primers were successfully applied on fungal cultures and diesel samples demonstrating the validity and reliability of the established qPCR protocol. This novel tool allows clarification of the current role of H. resinae in fuel contamination cases, as well as providing a technique to detect fungal outbreaks in fuel systems. This tool can be expanded to other well-known fuel-deteriorating microorganisms. KW - Microbial contamination KW - Real-time quantitative PCR KW - Microbiologically influenced corrosion; KW - Diesel biodeterioration KW - Fouling KW - Indicator PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2016.1177515 SN - 0892-7014 VL - 32 IS - 6 SP - 635 EP - 644 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon AN - OPUS4-37337 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Some like it on the rocks: mineral-weathering fungi with manifold protective pigments N2 - The interface between materials and the environment is populated by microorganisms which organize on surfaces to form specially adapted and resistant microbial associations, so-called biofilms. Surface-bound biofilm growth is associated with substantial secretion of metabolic products that can significantly influence material corrosion. Here, a group of material-inhabiting fungi are presented, which colonize and weather air-exposed materials such as building façades, roofs and solar systems. A selected model fungus is used to carry out genetic and molecular biology experiments, which are microbiologically cutting-edge and allow for the development of novel time-saving techniques for material testing. The degree of material damage under the influence of this model fungus shows a measure of the aggressiveness of the biofilm under defined environmental conditions - and thus explores fundamental components of the interaction between material and biofilm. T2 - Kolloquium Bodenkunde CY - Göttingen, Germany DA - 06.07.2016 KW - Microcolonial fungi KW - Sub-aerial biofilms KW - Knufia petricola PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37382 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - A new tool in material science - Targeted disruption of melanin synthesis in rock-inhabiting fungi N2 - The ability to survive almost absolute dehydration through air-drying is a remarkable feature of rock-inhabiting microcolonial fungi (MCF), which colonise rock surfaces in hot and cold deserts. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms which allow this group of fungi to conquer natural and man-made environments requires a set of modern biological techniques and approaches that are under development in our laboratory. We will present an overview of the targeted disruption of melanin biosynthesis genes in the rock-inhabiting Knufia petricola and give inside into the lines of research and the network of supporting laboratories that made this progress possible. T2 - 6. Meeting of the ISHAM Working Group "Black Yeasts and Relatives" CY - Viterbo, Italy DA - 15.09.2016 KW - Black fungi KW - SAB KW - Biofilm PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37693 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pokharel, R. A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Schuessler, J. A. A1 - Frings, P. J. A1 - Sobotka, R. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - von Blanckenburg, F. T1 - Magnesium stable isotope fractionation on a cellular level explored by cyanobacteria and black fungi with implications for higher plants N2 - In a controlled growth experiment we found that the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme has a bulk cell 26Mg/24Mg ratio (expressed as δ26Mg) that is −0.27‰ lower than the growth solution at a pH of ca. 5.9. This contrasts with a recently published δ26Mg value that was 0.65‰ higher than growth solution for the black fungus Knufia petricola at similar laboratory conditions, interpreted to reflect loss of 24Mg during cell growth. By a mass balance model constrained by δ26Mg in chlorophyll extract we inferred the δ26 Mg value of the main Mg compartments in a cyanobacteria cell: free cytosolic Mg (−2.64‰), chlorophyll (1.85‰), and the nonchlorophyll-bonded Mg compartments like ATP and ribosomes (−0.64‰). The lower δ26Mg found in Nostoc punctiforme would thus result from the absence of significant Mg efflux during cell growth in combination with either (a) discrimination against 26Mg during uptake by desolvation of Mg or transport across protein channels or (b) discrimination against 24Mg in the membrane transporter during efflux. The model predicts the preferential incorporation of 26Mg in cells and plant organs low in Mg and the absence of isotope fractionation in those high in Mg, corroborated by a compilation of Mg isotope ratios from fungi, bacteria, and higher plants. KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Black fungi KW - Nostoc punctiforme KW - Knufia petricola KW - Magnesium PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02238 SN - 1520-5851 SN - 0013-936X VL - 52 IS - 21 SP - 12216 EP - 12224 PB - ACS Publications AN - OPUS4-46832 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knabe, Nicole A1 - Gorbushina, Anna ED - Gurtler, V. ED - Trevors, J. T. T1 - Territories of rock-inhabiting fungi: Survival on and alteration of solid air-exposed surfaces N2 - Subaerial biofilms that are omnipresent at the interface between all solid substrates and the atmosphere are composed of a unique and widespread group of ascomycetes called rock-inhabiting fungi or microcolonial fungi (MCF), typically in communities with other microorganisms. While subaerial biofilms in toto have important roles in mineral weathering and biodeterioration of materials, methodological approaches to subaerial biofilm communities are diverse and frequently focussed on MCF. Here, we review the historical development of the research methods applied in the field and consider perspectives to increase our understanding of the biofilm-induced changes of solid substrate surfaces. KW - Biologically induced mineral weathering KW - Geobiology KW - Microcolonial fungi KW - Subaerial biofilm KW - Symbiosis PY - 2018 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0580951718300047 SN - 9780128146040 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mim.2018.06.001 VL - 45 SP - Chapter 6, 145 EP - 169 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-47181 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gorbushina, Anna ED - Ziegahn, K.-F. T1 - Idealbiofilm als neues Testsystem: Laborsimulation von Umwelteinflüssen und biologischer Einwirkung auf Materialien T2 - 39. Jahrestagung der GUS 2010 - Umweltflüsse erfassen, simulieren, bewerten CY - Stutensee, Deutschland DA - 2010-03-17 KW - Materialschäden KW - Mikrobielle Vergesellschaftungen KW - Pilze KW - Cyanobakterien PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-9813136-0-4 SP - 197 EP - 207 PB - DWS Werbeagentur und Verlag GmbH CY - Pfinztal AN - OPUS4-21109 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Genetic manipulation of protective pigments in a rock-inhabiting model fungus Knufia petricola A95 N2 - Sub-aerial biofilms typically form on bare rock. They consist of 99% cell material and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) metabolising at low water availability. Rock-inhabiting melanised fungi represent an important part of the microbial community in these environments, playing important roles in the colonisation of mineral surfaces, rock weathering and soil formation in the ecological/geochemical context. Different cellular stress responses make rock-inhabiting ascomycetes fit for survival under extremely changing irradiation, as well as water, energy sources and nutrient availability. Melanised, rock-inhabiting fungi possess multiple protective pigments, form facultative symbiotic associations with photobionts and weather minerals. Melanised fungi build a protective layer around the cell that is critical in adhesion to other living partners, for the colonisation of the substrate and in the subsequent damage of the colonised surface. We chose Knufia petricola (Chaetothyriales) as a model species to analyse colonisation of surfaces. The basic physiology of K. petricola strain A95 is studied, its full genome sequence has been prepared for annotation and methods for deleting specific genes have been established. Unique features of K. petricola including the protective pigments (melanin and carotenoids) and EPS/cell wall properties are now being dissected genetically. As K. petricola strain A95 is in the basic clade of Chaetothyriales, it is an ancestor of both important human pathogens including Exophiala and lichens from the Verrucariaceae family. For this reason studies with A95 can help clarify the basis of fungal pathogenicity – as well as explain interactions with microscopic phototrophic partners like unicellular green algae and cyanobacteria. With Knufia petricola we will establish a canon of experimental approaches to characterise and quantify fungi that actively contact inanimate solid materials. The set of methods developed for Knufia will be adapted to heavily melanised and EPS-producing ascomycetes and can be broadly applied to medically important as well as material-colonising fungi. T2 - Gordon Research Conference (Cellular & Molecular Fungal Biology) CY - Holderness, NH, USA DA - 19.06.2016 KW - Model fungus KW - Knufia petricola A95 KW - Biofilm PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37812 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Broughton, W.J. T1 - Microbiology of the atmosphere-rock interface: How biological interactions and physical stresses modulate a sophisticated microbial ecosystem N2 - Life at the atmosphere-lithosphere boundary is an ancient terrestrial niche that is sparsely covered by thin subaerial biofilms. The microbial inhabitants of these biofilms (a) have adapted to all types of terrestrial/subaerial stresses (e.g., desiccation, extreme temperatures, low nutrient availability, intense solar radiation), (b) interact with minerals that serve as both a dwelling and a source of mineral nutrients, and (c) provoke weathering of rocks and soil formation. Subaerial communities comprise heterotrophic and phototrophic microorganisms that support each other's lifestyle. Major lineages of eubacteria associated with the early colonization of land (e.g., Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria) are present in these habitats along with eukaryotes such as microscopic green algae and ascomycetous fungi. The subaerial biofilm inhabitants have adapted to desiccation, solar radiation, and other environmental challenges by developing protective, melanized cell walls, assuming microcolonial architectures and symbiotic lifestyles. How these changes occurred, their significance in soil formation, and their potential as markers of climate change are discussed below. KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Geobiology KW - Microcolonial fungi KW - Rock inhabiting KW - Fungi-phototroph symbioses KW - Soil formation KW - Subaerial biofilms KW - Weathering PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073349 SN - 0066-4227 VL - 63 SP - 431 EP - 450 PB - Annual Reviews Inc. CY - Palo Alto, CA, USA AN - OPUS4-20243 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, C. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin A1 - Achazi, K. A1 - Landsberger, Petra A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Haag, R. T1 - Active antibacterial and antifouling surface coating via a facile one-step enzymatic cross-linking N2 - Prevention of microbial contamination of surfaces is one of the biggest challenges for biomedical applications. Establishing a stable, easily produced, highly antibacterial surface coating offers an efficient solution but remains a technical difficulty. Here, we report on a new approach to create an in situ hydrogel film-coating on glass surfaces made by enzymatic cross-linking under physiological conditions. The cross-linking is catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/glucose oxidase (GOD)-coupled cascade reactions in the presence of glucose and results in 3D dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) scaffolds bound to the surface of glass. These scaffolds continuously release H2O2 as long as glucose is present in the system. The resultant polymeric coating is highly stable, bacterial-repellent, and functions under physiological conditions. Challenged with high loads of bacteria (OD540 = 1.0), this novel hydrogel and glucose-amended coating reduced the cell viability of Pseudomonas putida (Gram-negative) by 100% and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) by ≥40%, respectively. Moreover, glucose-stimulated production of H2O2 by the coating system was sufficient to kill both test bacteria (at low titers) with >99.99% Efficiency within 24 h. In the presence of glucose, this platform produces a coating with high effectiveness against bacterial adhesion and survival that can be envisioned for the applications in the glucose-associated medical/oral devices. KW - Antifouling KW - Surface coating KW - Biofilm KW - Bacterial adhesion PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01527 SN - 1525-7797 SN - 1526-4602 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 210 EP - 216 AN - OPUS4-39003 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rasesh, Pokharel A1 - Gerrits, Ruben A1 - Schuessler, Jan A. A1 - Floor, Geerke H. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm T1 - Mg isotope fractionation during uptake by a rock-inhabiting, model microcolonial fungus Knufia petricola at acidic and neutral pH N2 - The model rock-inhabiting microcolonial fungus Knufia petricola fractionates stable Mg isotopes in a time and pH-dependent manner. During growth, the increase of 26Mg/24Mg in the fungal cells relative to the growth media amounted to 0.65 ± 0.14‰at pH 6 and 1.11 ± 0.35‰at pH 3. We suggest a constant equilibrium fractionation factor during incorporation of Mg into ribosomes and ATP as a cause of enrichment of 26Mg in the cells. We suggest too that the proton gradient across the cell wall and cytoplasmic Membrane controls Mg2+ transport into the fungal cell. As the strength of this gradient is a function of extracellular solution pH, the pHdependence on Mg isotope fractionation is thus due to differences in fungal cell mass fluxes. Through a mass balance model we show that Mg uptake into the fungal cell is not associated with a unique Mg isotope fractionation factor. This Mg isotope fractionation dependence on pH might also be observed in any organism with cells that follow similar Mg uptake and metabolic pathways and serves to reveal Mg cycling in ecosystems. KW - Isotope fractionation KW - Fungus KW - Magnesium PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01798 SN - 0013-936X SN - 1520-5851 VL - 51 IS - 17 SP - 9691 EP - 9699 PB - ACS Publications CY - USA AN - OPUS4-43018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Biofilms on solar panel surfaces – new materials, long-known colonisers N2 - Simple, microbial biofilms have prevailed since life began on Earth. Biofilms form at the interfaces of solids with gases or liquids and have multiple effects on Substrate and element cycles. In geobiological terms, the most interesting microbial communities are those that form on solids exposed to air (subaerial). Microbial colonisers of the atmosphere-lithosphere interface include algae, cyanobacteria, fungi as well as heterotrophic bacteria and they have colonised virtually every rock surface throughout the entire geological history of the Earth. In addition to sequestering carbon, sub-aerial biofilms (SABS) actively participate in rock weathering. Rock-inhabiting SABs are the primary settlers on lava following volcanic eruptions and on rocks following the retreat of glaciers. SABs especially dominate hostile environments in which growth of higher Vegetation is restricted especially in deserts, polar- and alpine regions. SABs are the primary colonisers of lithospheric (e.g. rocks) and anthropogenic Substrates (buildings, monuments, solar panels, etc.). Life at the solid material/atmosphere interface influences and is affected by both the underlying Substrate and the microclimate surrounding it. Although subaerial life is ubiquitous, how SABs develop and importantly degrade underlying Substrates can only be clarified in well-controlled experiments that often involve simplified model Systems, So far, biofilm development on solar panels has been studied using; (i) metagenomics; (ii) in situ microscopy; and (iii) classical microbiological methods that are both qualitative and quantitative. Here we suggest that solar panel biofilms are accessible and highly relevant objects to study microbial ecology, geobiology and biodeterioration. T2 - 7th Congress of European Microbiologists (FEMS 2017) CY - València, Spain DA - 09.07.2017 KW - SABs KW - Biodeterioration KW - Biofilm KW - Solar panel PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41189 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gorbushina, Anna T1 - Some like it on the rocks: The microcolonial fungus Knufia petricola A95 N2 - Black ascomycetous microcolonial fungi (MCF) are persistent inhabitants of rock surfaces in deserts as well as ubiquitous in other wide-spread terrestrial ecosystems including man-made materials such as solar panels. Applied research is necessary to find ways of preventing MCF from colonising and degrading solar panels and historic monuments. T2 - Mycological Seminar BAM / RKI CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 20.07.2017 KW - MCF KW - Black yeast PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-41855 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stephan, Ina A1 - Askew, P. A1 - Gorbushina, Anna A1 - Grinda, Manfred A1 - Hertel, Horst A1 - Krumbein, W.E. A1 - Müller, R.-J. A1 - Pantke, Michael A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - Schmitt, G. A1 - Schwibbert, Karin ED - Czichos, Horst ED - Saito, T. ED - Smith, L. T1 - Biogenic impact on materials N2 - Materials as constituents of products or components of technical systems rarely exist in isolation and many must cope with exposure in the natural world. This chapter describes methods that simulate how a material is influenced through contact with living systems such as microorganisms and arthropods. Both unwanted and desirable interactions are considered. This biogenic impact on materials is intimately associated with the environment to which the material is exposed (Materials-Environment Interaction, Chap. 15). Factors such as moisture, temperature and availability of food sources all have a significant influence on biological systems. Corrosion (Chap. 12) and wear (Chap. 13) can also be induced or enhanced in the presence of microorganisms. Section 14.1 introduces the categories between desired (biodegradation) and undesired (biodeterioration) biological effects on materials. It also introduces the role of biocides for the protection of materials. Section 14.2 describes the testing of wood as a building material especially against microorganisms and insects. Section 14.3 characterizes the test methodologies for two other groups of organic materials, namely polymers (Sect. 14.3.1) and paper and textiles (Sect. 14.3.2). Section 14.4 deals with the susceptibility of inorganic materials such as metals (Sect. 14.4.1), concrete (Sect. 14.4.2) and ceramics (Sect. 14.4.3) to biogenic impact. Section 14.5 treats the testing methodology concerned with the performance of coatings and coating materials. In many of these tests specific strains of organisms are employed. It is vital that these strains retain their ability to utilize/attack the substrate from which they were isolated, even when kept for many years in the laboratory. Section 14.6 therefore considers the importance of maintaining robust and representative test organisms that are as capable of utilizing a substrate as their counterparts in nature such that realistic predictions of performance can be made. KW - Materialschutz KW - Biologie KW - Organismus KW - Standard KW - Prüfung PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-642-16640-2 SP - 769 EP - 844 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-24210 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -