TY - JOUR A1 - Mosel, Günter A1 - Hübert, Thomas A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Zn-K EXAFS investigations on ZnS/ZnO containing vitrified ashes from municipal incinerator facilities N2 - Zn-K transmission EXAFS measurements were performed on vitrified ashes from municipal waste incinerator facilities, which contain low amounts of Zn (up to 3 wt%) and sulphur (up to 0.5 wt%) in a ZnS phase. From the Fourier transform it can be concluded that the zinc ions are fourfold co-ordinated by oxygen or sulphur ions. The amount of zinc ions of sulphur environment, e.g. the concentration of ZnS, was determined by Fourier filtering and subsequent parameter fitting. A quantitative analysis of low ZnS concentrations up to 1 wt% has been performed for samples with a molar ratio Zn/S < 5. PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011802202743 SN - 0022-2461 SN - 1573-4803 VL - 36 SP - 5017 EP - 5025 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Norwell, Mass. AN - OPUS4-18579 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Michaelis, Matthias T1 - Untersuchungen zur ZnO-Reduktion beim Schmelzen von Filterstäuben im elektrischen Lichtbogenofen KW - Filterstäube aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen KW - Elektrischer Lichtbogenofen KW - Inertisierung KW - ZnO-Reduktion KW - Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse PY - 2008 SN - 0027-2957 SN - 1863-9763 VL - 40 IS - 6 SP - 294 EP - 300 PB - Erich Schmidt CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-17692 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hesselbach, J. A1 - Herrmann, C. A1 - Bock, R. A1 - Dettmer, T. A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Meyer-Pittroff, R. A1 - Falk, O. A1 - Hansen, A. T1 - Kühlschmierstoffe aus technischen tierischen Fetten und Altspeisefetten - Herstellung, Technologie und Ökobilanzierung KW - Enzymatische Alkoholyse KW - Tierfett KW - Altspeisefett KW - Kühlschmierstoff KW - Umesterung KW - Produktökobilanz KW - LCA PY - 2003 SN - 1435-5272 VL - 9 IS - Sonderheft `Biokatalyse´ SP - 24 EP - 27 PB - BIOCOM CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2684 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Recknagel, Angelika A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Waste Treatment using Thermochemical Materials Separation KW - Thermochemische Materialtrennung KW - Edelstahlschlacken KW - Klärschlammaschen PY - 2004 SN - 1382-3469 VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 1843 EP - 1847 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-4425 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Kley, Gerd ED - Gaballah, I. T1 - Thermochemical treatment of waste materials T2 - REWAS 2004, Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology CY - Madrid, Spain DA - 2004-09-26 PY - 2004 SN - 84-95520-04-4 SP - 2245 EP - 2252 PB - Minerals, Metals and Materials Society CY - Warrendale AN - OPUS4-5679 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Enzymatische Alkoholyse unterschiedlicher Fette und Altfette zur Gewinnung von Kühlschmierstoffen und oleochemischen Sonderprodukten T2 - DBU-TUHH Klick-off Meeting des Innovations Centrums ICBio CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 2002-10-21 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6046 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Möglichkeiten der Esterölherstellung aus Altfetten durch enzymatische Altfettalkoholyse T2 - DBU-Meeting "Verbundvorhaben Biokatalyse" CY - Osnabrück, Germany DA - 2002-04-15 PY - 2002 AN - OPUS4-6048 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mosel, Günter A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Hübert, Thomas A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Zn-K EXAFS investigations on ZnO/ZnS-containing vitrified incinerator ashes PY - 1998 SP - 833 EP - 834 PB - Hamburger Synchrotonstrahlungslabor CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-7033 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf T1 - Phosphordüngemittel aus Klärschlammasche PY - 2003 VL - 2 SP - 8 CY - Zürich AN - OPUS4-2578 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard T1 - Möglichkeiten der Nutzbarmachung von Phosphat aus Klärschlammaschen durch thermochemische Behandlung - Ergebnisse experimenteller Untersuchungen T2 - VDI-Seminar 43-36-25, Klärschlamm / Tiermehl / Altholz / Biogene Abfälle CY - München, Deutschland DA - 2004-02-12 KW - Klärschlammaschen KW - Verwertung KW - Schadstoffabtrennung KW - Schwermetalle KW - Thermochemische Behandlung KW - Drehrohrofen KW - Phosphat-Düngemittel PY - 2004 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-3564 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thomé-Kozmiensky, K. J. A1 - Löschau, M. A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Thiel, S. T1 - Entsorgung von Sekundärabfällen aus der Abfallverbrennung T2 - Abfallwirtschaft für Wien CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2004-06-24 KW - Abfallverbrennung KW - Schlacke KW - Filterstaub KW - Verwertung KW - Schmelzen KW - Technische Silikate KW - Verfahrenstechnik KW - Verfahrensübersicht PY - 2004 SN - 3-935317-17-4 SP - 497 EP - 742 PB - TK-Verl. CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-3683 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Refractory materials from waste N2 - The recycling of refractory materials in the chemical, metallurgical and glass industry has only had minor relevance until now because of the high performance required from these materials (stability against corrosion, inert when coming into contact with the glass melt, etc.). Refractory lifetimes are limited because of corrosion at higher temperatures. The best furnace lifetimes has been achieved with chromium oxide and chromium oxide corund refractories. Waste from the production and use of refractory material is generated in three main forms: as residues from cutting and grinding, as refractories which have limited or no contact with glass melts, and as refractories with infiltration of sublimation residues or condensates. The waste material is classified as hazardous waste due to its chromium content. In this study, arc furnace technology was used for thermal treatment of the waste materials to enable recycling of refractory materials. (author abst.) KW - Refractories KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Chromium oxide KW - Eco-material PY - 2003 UR - https://www.jim.or.jp/journal/e/pdf3/44/07/1251.pdf SN - 1345-9678 SN - 1347-5320 VL - 44 IS - 7 SP - 1251 EP - 1254 PB - Japan Institute of Metals CY - Sendai AN - OPUS4-2832 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf T1 - Möglichkeiten zur Gewinnung von Phosphor-Düngemitteln aus Klärschlamm-, Tiermehl- und ähnlichen Aschen durch thermochemische Behandlung T2 - Symposium "Rückgewinnung von Phosphor in der Landwirtschaft und aus Abwasser und Abfall" CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2003-02-06 PY - 2003 SN - 3-932590-99-6 SP - 7/1 EP - 7/16 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2272 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Can the Rietveld method be successfully applied to the severely superimposed diffraction patterns of technical products containing seven solid solutions and a stoichiometric phase? T2 - IX. European Powder Diffraction Conference CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2004-09-02 PY - 2004 UR - http://www.xray.cz/epdic/abstracts/115.htm SN - 1211-5894 VL - 11 IS - 1a SP - 40 EP - 41 PB - CSCA CY - Praha AN - OPUS4-4064 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Baeck, Burkhard A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Alcoholysis of waste fats with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol using Candida antarctica lipase A in large-scale tests N2 - Commercial native lipase A from Candida antarctica was used to produce alkyl esters through the alcoholysis of (waste) fats with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. The process was carried out in batch stirred tank reactors (from 100 mL up to 3000 L). The content of alkyl esters in reaction mixtures was determined by gradient HPLC using an evaporative light scattering detector and the reaction progress was controlled by determining the ratio of the palmitic acid ester peak area to the oleic acid ester peak area in HPLC chromatograms. The results show that alcoholysis is the favoured reaction in presence of excess water and water-insoluble alcohols in comparison with hydrolysis (fatty acid content <5%). The optimum amount of water for the alcoholysis was found to be 80-100% of the amount of fat. In the presence of low quantities of water both alcoholysis and hydrolysis are slow. Conversion rate increases with increasing temperature to 65-70 °C. Based on these results a large-scale test to produce 3000 L of alkyl ester (to be used as lubricant coolant) was carried out. The experiments have proved that alcoholysis is completed after about 7-10 h depending on temperature. KW - Enzymatic alcoholysis KW - Candida antarctica lipase A KW - HPLC analysis KW - Ester oil KW - Large-scale test KW - Restaurant recycled grease PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200401051 SN - 1438-7697 SN - 1438-9312 VL - 106 IS - 12 SP - 809 EP - 814 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-5222 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Möglichkeiten zur Gewinnung von Phosphor-Düngemitteln aus Klärschlamm-, Tiermehl- und ähnlichen Aschen durch thermochemische Behandlung T2 - UBA/RWTH-Kolloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-02-06 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-5452 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Verwertung von Altfetten und Ölen mit Hilfe von Enzymen T2 - BAM Kolloquium CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-10-29 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-5453 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Thermochemical treatment - Technologies for recovery and utilisation of materials KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Materials separation KW - Refractories KW - Stainless steel PY - 2006 SN - 1009-606X VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 231 EP - 236 CY - Beijing AN - OPUS4-12346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Köcher, Peter A1 - Kley, Gerd T1 - Application of the Rietveld method to the severly superimposed diffraction patterns of technical products containing a large number of solid solution phases N2 - The Rietveld method was used to reliably interpret severely superimposed diffraction patterns of a sewage sludge ash before and after being turned into an ecologically desirable, high-quality fertilizer by a newly-developed method of thermochemical treatment. The thermochemical treatment causes severe changes in the phase composition of the ash, which can be described as a mixture of a large number of solid solution phases. T2 - European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC 9) CY - Prag, Czech Republik DA - 2005-09-02 KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Rietveld method KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Rietveld Analyse KW - Phosphor-Rückgewinnung KW - Dünger PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1524/zksu.2006.suppl_23.29 SN - 0930-486X VL - 23 SP - 29 EP - 34 PB - Oldenbourg CY - München AN - OPUS4-12574 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Köcher, Peter T1 - Thermochemical treatment - Technologies for recovery and upvaluation of materials T2 - 7th World Congress on Recovery, Recycling and Re-integration CY - Bejing, China DA - 2006-05-25 KW - Thermochemie KW - Lichtbogenofen KW - Dekontaminierung KW - Recycling KW - Verwertung KW - Ressourcenschutz KW - Silikatprodukte KW - Feuerfest KW - Schlacken PY - 2005 SP - 1 EP - 10(?) PB - Beijing Kexin Printing House CY - Peking AN - OPUS4-11540 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -