TY - GEN A1 - Alexander, I. A1 - Braun, H.-J. A1 - Dettmann, T. A1 - Fimmen, H. A1 - Haberkamp, H. A1 - Katz, H. A1 - Krischok, Frank A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Pötzsch, Klaus-Michael A1 - Zentgraf, R. A1 - Putzschke, M. T1 - Bericht über den Ablauf und die Ursachen der Havarie des Tankmotorschiffes 'Waldhof' am 13. Januar 2011 auf dem Mittelrhein (Rhein-km 553,75) KW - Schiffshavarie KW - Gefahrgut-Tankschiff KW - Schwimmstabilität PY - 2013 IS - S-312.4/016 SP - 1 EP - 224 AN - OPUS4-27729 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Heming, Frank T1 - Rückendeckung N2 - Sicherheit - Trotz des Spotts anderer Europäer, 'Auffahrunfälle gebe es nur in Deutschland', wird das Ziel eines Anfahr- statt Unterfahrschutzes für das Tankfahrzeugheck hierzulande weiter verfolgt. PY - 2013 SN - 0016-5808 VL - 3 SP - 14 EP - 17 PB - Storck CY - Hamburg AN - OPUS4-27745 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borch, Jörg-Peter A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian A1 - Burghardt, Frank T1 - Sicherheit von Flüssiggasflaschen im Unfallfeuer N2 - Neben herkömmlichen Stahlflaschen, die seit Jahrzehnten in fast unveränderter Bauform für Flüssiggase (Propan-Butan-Gemische) eingesetzt werden, etablieren sich immer mehr Flaschen aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen (GFK) mit einer geringeren Masse. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) wurde beauftragt, das Verhalten dieser Gasflaschen unter den extremen Bedingungen eines Unfallfeuers zu untersuchen. In einem Brandprüfstand der BAM auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (TTS) in Horstwalde wurden deshalb beide Typen von Propangasflaschen einem simulierten Unfallfeuer ausgesetzt. KW - Gefahrgut KW - Flüssiggas KW - Flaschen KW - Unfallfeuer KW - Druckgefäße KW - Gefahrguttransport PY - 2013 SN - 2191-0073 VL - 3 IS - 11/12 SP - 44 EP - 47 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-29720 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Gefahrguttanks N2 - Einführung in die Gefahrgutvorschriften ADR/RID Bewertungskonzepte für Druckbehälter und Gefahrguttanks Berücksichtigung auslegungsüberschreitender Belastungen Forschungsergebnisse T2 - Wirtschaft trifft Wissenschaft CY - Cottbus - Senftenberg, Germany DA - 10.03.2016 KW - Gefahrgutvorschriften KW - Wärmebehandlung PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35549 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Hazmat tanks under extreme loading condition N2 - Gefahrguttanks werden primär gegen betriebliche Belastungen dimensioniert. Unfallbelastungen spielen hierbei keine Rolle. In der Vergangenheit gab es immer wieder einige katastrophale Unfälle, die nicht nur materielle Schäden zur Folge hatten sondern bei denen auch Todesopfer zu beklagen waren. Zur Ermittlung möglicher Sicherheitsreserven werden Untersuchungen zum Abtrag auslegungsüberschreitender Belastungen durchgeführt. Mit dem Grenzlasttragverfahren steht ein leistungsfähiges Analysewerkzeug zur Verfügung, mit dem nichtlineare Beanspruchungsszenarien bewertet werden können. Der Vergleich der numerischen mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen zeigt dies eindeutig. T2 - Gefahrgutkolloquium CY - Quetètaro, Mexico DA - 14.03.2016 KW - Hazmat tanks PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-35651 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zur, Malte A1 - Klippel, Alexander A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Leder, A. T1 - Numerical simulation and experimental study of cabin-airflow and transport of gas-mixtures in aircraft cargo compartments: model validation N2 - Dangerous goods are transported as air freight in commercial aircrafts. Using plastic jerrycans or plastic containers, liquids or gases can escape by leakage or permeation effects. Prior research by the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) showed that the lower explosion limit can be reached when transporting dangerous goods in sea-freight containers under normal transportation situations. This motivated the presented study of the transportation situation of dangerous goods in cargo compartments of commercial airplanes. The scope of this paper is to present the experimental method used for validating a numerical model for CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations. The CFD model will be used in a future study to evaluate the potential risk from transporting dangerous goods. The objective of this paper is to present the model mock-up of an aircraft cargo compartment and some examples of three dimensional velocity profiles of the air flow in the mock-up. The velocity profiles are calculated using numerical simulations and measured by Laser-Doppler-Anemometry (LDA) experiments. The mock-up is a generic model of a wide-body aircraft lower deck cargo compartment in a 1:10 scale. Geometry, air exchange rates and inlet as well as outlet flow conditions in the cargo compartment are modeled using realistic boundary conditions. The commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code ANSYS CFX 14 is used for numerical flow simulations applying RANS (Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes) equations and turbulence models. The turbulence models studied are the renormalization group k-ε-model (RNG), the Reynolds-Stress model by Launder, Reece and Rodi (LRR) and the SST-k-ω-model by Menter (SST). The flow measurement with LDA in the mock-up of a cargo compartment proves to be a feasible method for producing data to validate CFD simulations. Qualitative evaluation of the results shows a good overall agreement between numerical and experimental results. The experimental validation indicates that the implemented CFD model is capable of reproducing the flow situation in the model mock-up. T2 - ASME 2013 Fluids engineering summer meeting - 7th International symposium on flow applications in aerospace CY - Incline Village, Nevada, USA DA - 07.07.2013 KW - Computational fluid dynamics KW - Aircraft cabin air flow KW - Gas mixtures KW - Model validation PY - 2013 SN - 978-0-7918-5555-3 IS - Paper FEDSM2013-16622 SP - 1 EP - 9 AN - OPUS4-30076 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Balke, Christian T1 - BLEVE performance of fire protection coating systems on dangerous goods tanks in a test fire N2 - How can the risk of a BLEVE be reduced? That is the main question based on different research projects. In various large scale fire tests fire protection coating systems were used of different manufacturers. The degree of the coating as well as the layer thickness and the processing were varied. These experimental configurations were partly tested with and without pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valves were not protected again the thermal Load from the test fire. The ambition is to find a minimum of the thickness from the fire protection coating witch delay a BLEVE up to 90 minutes. Here are given the most interested configurations of tanks in fire and a description of the test-rigs. KW - BLEVE KW - Fire protection coating KW - Isolation KW - Test rigs KW - Large scale fire test PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.12720/ijmse.1.2.90-93 SN - 2315-4527 VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 90 EP - 93 PB - Engineering and technology publishing AN - OPUS4-30124 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - PALESTRA - Pre-warning system of tanks containing dangerous goods T2 - 4. FORUM SOBRE NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS E APLICACOES DE END E INSPECÄO CY - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil DA - 2014-04-28 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30645 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Birk, A. M. A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Gonzales, F. A1 - Prabhakaran, A. A1 - Borch, Jörg-Peter A1 - Bradley, I. A1 - Bisby, L. ED - de Rademaeker, E. ED - Schmelzer, P. T1 - Fire testing of total containment pressure vessels N2 - Full engulfment fire tests have been conducted on total containment pressure vessels filled to 50% and 98 % capacity with water. The tests included an unprotected tank and tanks with two different levels of thermal protection. Total containment in this context means there was no pressure relief device. The tests were conducted with 1/3rd linear scale rail tank cars similar to the DOT 111 tank cars used in North America. The 2.4 m3 model tanks were subjected to 100 % engulfing fires fuelled by liquid propane. The fire heat flux was approximately 80 % by radiation and 20 % by convection with a total heat flux to a cool surface of approximately 100 kW/m2. T2 - 15th International Symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion (loss 2016) CY - Freiburg, Germany DA - 05.06.2016 KW - fire testing KW - hazmat tanks KW - integrity PY - 2016 SN - 978-88-95608-39-6 DO - https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1648047 VL - 48 SP - 277 EP - 282 PB - AIDIC CY - Milano, Italy AN - OPUS4-36361 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bradley, I. A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Birk, A. M. A1 - Bisby, L. T1 - Novel equipment for the study of pressure vessel response to fire N2 - Pressurisation of full-containment pressure vessels in fire is known to be driven by thermal stratification. The predominant mode of heat transfer to the contents (convection from the shell to the liquid phase) results in formation of „hot“ boundary layers. Sub-cooled boiling may also be present. The warm layer rises to the surface through buoyancy and bubble flow, increasing the surface of the liquid above that of the bulk temperature, and hence driving a pressure rise. For reliable prediction of the complex effects governing vessel pressurization a three-dimensional numerical model is required. Work is being undertaken on such a model by other institutions in cooperation with this project. T2 - ASME 2016 CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 11.11.2016 KW - Vessels KW - Novel equipment PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38433 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Sklorz, Christian T1 - A new tank design for Hazmat N2 - Initial studies have shown pre-deformed honeycomb structure pressure vessels to have comparable burst pressure to straight steel vessels. It was shown that honeycomp structured tanks have a higher energy absorption than straight steel tanks. Future studies will investigate optimization of the deformed plate, to determine if increased payloads or a reduced wall thickness can be achieved. T2 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (ICME 2016) CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 11.11.2016 KW - Hazmat KW - Tankdesign KW - Honeycomb structure PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Romero Navarrete, José-Antonio A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Experimental and theoretical modeling of cargo sloshing during braking N2 - The outputs from a simplified mathematical designed to simulate the liquid cargo-vehicle interaction during an emergency braking maneuver, have been compared with full scale data regarding the sloshing pressure on one of the vehicle chambers. While the specific dimensions and fill level of the fluid within the chamber in the full scale testing, have been considered for the simulation model, the vehicle has been simplified to a straight truck instead of an articulated truck. Nevertheless, the pressure within the chamber is realistically modelled, concerning the maximum and minimum pressures attained, with differences lower than 10% between the simulation and the experimental data. Consequently, these results suggest that the articulation pertaining to the articulated vehicle, does not affect in a significant manner the maximum and minimum values of the pressure within the chamber. A nonlinear model for the suspension, however, could improve the model performance. On the other hand, simulation results suggest that the effect of sloshing could cause a loss of braking efficiency on the order of 7%, when such performance is measured in terms of the stopping time. T2 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2016) CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 11.11.2016 KW - Braking event KW - Dynamic pressures KW - Vehicle containers PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-7918-5055-8 VL - 4B SP - Article V04BT05A002, IMECE2016-65698, 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-38400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Romero, J. A. A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Experimental and theoretical modeling of cargo sloshing during braking N2 - Simplified cargo-vehicle interaction: linear pendulum, rigid multibody linear dynamics, straight, instead of articulated vehicle. Realistic results about the pressure developed on the sensor, with differences lower than 10% between the simulation and the experimental data. Sloshing could affect the braking efficiency in 7%, approximately, corresponds with other sources. T2 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2016) CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 11.11.2016 KW - Cargo sloshing KW - Road transportation KW - Braking in a turn PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38403 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schönfelder, Thorsten A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Temperature distribution during filling of a composite receptacle N2 - The arrangement of the measuring sensors allowed the capture of air flow induced temperatures and material temperatures on various points of the cylinder body. Four significant temperature levels could be observed: Inside the cylinder (far from the wall, close to the wall), inside the aluminium liner and outer surface. Figure 5 shows the temperature distribution after a regular filling process with a filling time of ten minutes. The temperature sensors T1 - T9 are marked with different colors. The corresponding measurement points are shown in Figure 4. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the aluminum liner the induced temperature peaks are quickly derived. A flow-induced exceeding of the maximum approval temperature is not expected. Regarding the safety assessement the results show that the pressure and temperature profilesmustbe taken into account. T2 - ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2016) CY - Phoenix, Arizona, USA DA - 11.11.2016 KW - Distribution during filling KW - Type III composite pressure receptacles PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-38404 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Pötzsch, Sina A1 - Timme, Sebastian A1 - Sklorz, Christian A1 - Skoczowsky, Danilo A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Krüger, Simone T1 - Fire protection systems for tanks made of GFRP N2 - The application of lightweight materials for tanks for transportation appears promising. Besides saving weight and therefore transportation costs, new complex geometries that depart from common cylindrical shapes of steel tanks can be manufactured. For transportation of dangerous goods, fire and explosion safety must be maintained to prevent accidents with serious consequences. In this work the fire behavior of lightweight tanks made from glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) with complex geometries is investigated. Pretests on intermediate scale GFRP plates are conducted to identify suitable fire protection systems and surface treatments for composite tanks. The fire resistance is shown to be improved by addition of fire protective coatings and integrated layers. Finally, a complex rectangular GFRP tank with a holding capacity of 1100 liters is fire protected with an intumescent fire coating. The tank is filled up to 80 % with water and burned under an engulfing fully developed fire. It was shown that the intumescent layer could expand before the decomposition of the resin occurred. Furthermore, the adhesion between tank surface and coating was maintained. The structure could withstand a fire for more than 20 min. T2 - ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) 2017 CY - Tampa, Florida, USA DA - 03.11.2017 KW - Lightweight tank KW - Composites in fire KW - GFRP KW - Fire retardants KW - Intumescent layer PY - 2017 SN - 978-0-7918-5849-3 VL - 14 SP - Article UNSP V014T14A017, 1 EP - 6 PB - ASME Press AN - OPUS4-42991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. T1 - Modelling a partly filled road tanker during an emergency braking N2 - A simplified model, based upon physical principles, is proposed the simulate the effect of sloshing on the pressure developed in the tanker chambers. The model has been validated in good extent, with experimental data from full scale testing. The characteristic that mostly affects the pressure developed with the chambers of the tanker is the length of the chamber. While a reduction in this property could decrease the pressure developed within a given chamber, the analysis should take into account an overall approach, as a shortening of the individual chambers would influence the number of chambers necessary to carry a certain amount of product. Consequently, the resulting model could be used to study different effects of the sloshing cargo on the carrying vehicles, including the length and position of the chambers along the tanker body. T2 - WCECS 2017 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 25.10.2017 KW - Braking KW - Emergency KW - Tanker PY - 2017 UR - http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2017/ SN - 978-988-14048-4-8 SN - 2078-0958 VL - II SP - 610 EP - 614 AN - OPUS4-42957 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Fraňa, K. A1 - Attia, S. H. A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Numerical simulation of the filling process in the pressure bottle N2 - Parameter study for CFD in the bottle – grid resolution plays an important role on the temperature at the specific positions, 2D axi-symetrical calculation is a sufficient solution strategy in regards to the examined particular Problem. The intensity of filling process can be controlled by pressure “User defined function” provided by experiments. Numerical simulation demonstrated feasibility to predict temperature progress during the filling process successfully validated by experiments. The turbulent model k-w SST is the best strategy for the turbulent property calculations. The most intensive turbulent kinetic energy appeared in the middle region of the pressure bottle, the impact of the eddy viscosity on the wall was mostly in the wall region. T2 - ECMMM 2018 CY - Krakow, Poland DA - 10.02.2018 KW - Numerical simulation KW - Pressure bottle PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44177 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Numerical simulation of the gas filling N2 - It was possible to achieve an error as 9% or even 0% at certain time steps, as shown in the graph above, the usage of UDF code has major importance in achieving the pressure Profile required, and it heat transfer between the bottle itself and the surroundings was taken into consideration which of course had a high influence on how the temperature of the air flask changes. T2 - ASME 2017 CY - Tampa, FL, USA DA - 03.11.2017 KW - Numerical Simulation KW - Gas Filling KW - Compoite Receptacle PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42847 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank T1 - Analysis of the capsizing of a tanker in the Rhine river N2 - Simplified model made possible to get a physical perspective about this accident T2 - IMECE 2017 CY - Tampa, FL, USA DA - 03.11.2017 KW - Tanker KW - Rhine river KW - Capsizing PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42850 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. T1 - A simplified model to simulate the pitch instability of a partially filled tank trailer N2 - Singular situation of pitch instability, modeled through simplified models. More analysis is required to proposed vehicle design improvements. T2 - IMECE 2017 CY - Tampa, FL, USA DA - 03.11.2017 KW - Pitch instability KW - Tank trailer KW - Simulation PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42851 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Otremba, Frank A1 - Romero-Navarrete, José A. T1 - Modelling a partly filled road tanker during an emergency braking N2 - Figure 10 illustrates the theoretical results from the simplified model considered, together with the experimental data. These results and measurements are presented one next to the other, in order to facilitate the validity analysis of the proposed simulation methodology. These results illustrate that the trends are comparable for both sets of data, that is, a similar range is obtained for all of the variables reported. A lower pressure is generated in chamber 5, which is attributed to the shorter length of this chamber. However, such increase in pressure does not correspond exactly to the difference of lengths, as the ratio of lengths would cause a differential pressure of 2.3/1.23 = 1.86, while the ratio of average pressures is on the order of 2. That is, there is an incremental, which is associated to the maximum height attained by the fluid in the chamber. The major difference between both sets of data, the experimental and theoretical, is that the theoretical do not include much of the noise and random oscillations reported in the experimental data. Such noise, however, is of very low amplitude, in comparison with the maximum values attained. The practical applications of these results could be in the area of chamber design, so that the effects of the length of the chambers be taken into account. That is, such greater lengths for the fluid in the chamber would involve larger pressures and consequently, greater stresses. However, the analysis should include an overall perspective, that is, the shortening of the chambers would imply an increase in the number of chambers, for a certain total payload, and the superposition effect of pressures, should be considered. On the other hand, the analysis could be extended to characterize the effects of the distribution of the lengths of the different chambers along the axis of the tanker, as the different resulting forces could have different effects on the pitch response of the road tanker. T2 - WCECS 2017 CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 25.10.2017 KW - Tanker KW - Emergency KW - Braking PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-42854 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -