TY - CONF A1 - Habig, Karl-Heinz A1 - Chatterjee-Fischer, R. A1 - Hoffmann, F. T1 - Zum tribologischen Verhalten von Oberflächenschichten, die durch Eindiffusion von Stickstoff, Bor oder Vanadin in Eisenwerkstoffe gebildet werden T2 - 2. Europäischer Tribologie-Kongreß, EUROTRIB CY - Düsseldorf, Deutschland DA - 1977-10-03 PY - 1977 VL - 1 SP - 28-1-28-4 AN - OPUS4-8735 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habig, Karl-Heinz A1 - Chatterjee-Fischer, R. A1 - Hoffmann, F. T1 - Adhäsiver, abrasiver und tribochemischer Verschleiß von Oberflächenschichten, die durch Eindiffusion von Bor, Vanadin oder Stickstoff in Stahl gebildet werden PY - 1978 SN - 0017-6583 SN - 0341-101X VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 28 EP - 35 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-8932 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habig, Karl-Heinz A1 - Evers, W. A1 - Chatterjee-Fischer, R. T1 - Verschleiß- und Versagensuntersuchungen an gehärteten, nitrierten und borierten Stählen in Abhängigkeit von der Wärmebehandlung des Gegenkörpers und der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Schmierstoffadditiven PY - 1978 SN - 0017-6583 SN - 0341-101X VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 272 EP - 280 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-8933 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habig, Karl-Heinz A1 - Chatterjee-Fischer, R. A1 - Hoffmann, F. T1 - Wear protection of steels by boriding, vanadizing, nitriding, carburising, and hardening PY - 1980 SN - 0261-3069 SN - 0141-5530 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 83 EP - 92 PB - Scient. & Techn. Pr. CY - Reigate AN - OPUS4-9384 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Sapich, B. A1 - Fischer, T. A1 - Haferkorn, J. A1 - Geue, T. A1 - Fritz, Andreas A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Date, R. A1 - Fawcett, A. A1 - Stumpe, J. T1 - Anisotropic films of poly(olefin sulfone)s with cinnamoyl side groups prepared by self-organisation and photoreactions T2 - Liquid Crystals and its practical application PY - 2006 VL - 4 IS - 18 SP - 9 EP - 21 AN - OPUS4-14594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ortel, Erik A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Chuenchom, L. A1 - Polte, Jörg A1 - Smarsly, B. A1 - Krähnert, R. T1 - Mesoporous metal oxide films with controlled pore size, wall thickness and pore hierarchy templated by PEO-b-PB-b-PEO triblock copolymers T2 - 24. Deutsche Zeolith- Tagung CY - Magdeburg, Germany DA - 2012-03-07 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-25122 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wüstenberg, Hermann A1 - Hauser, T. A1 - Boehm, R. A1 - Hintze, H. A1 - Fischer, E. T1 - Neue Ansätze zur Ultraschallprüfung von Eisenbahnachsen mit Array-Prüfköpfen T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung ; 2001 (Berlin) : 2001.05.21-23 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2001-05-21 PY - 2001 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp01/papers/v20/v20.htm N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. IS - 75-CD PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1136 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schenk, Gottfried A1 - Hansen, W. A1 - Hintze, H. A1 - Fischer, R. T1 - Ultraschallprüfung von Radsatzwellen mit Gruppenstrahlern - erste praktische Erfahrungen N2 - Zusammenfassung Bei der laufenden Instandhaltung der Schienenfahrzeuge werden die Radsätze auf Fehlerfreiheit geprüft. Dabei werden sowohl die Laufräder wie auch die Radsatzwellen einer zerstörungsfreien Prüfung mit Ultraschall unterzogen. Im Werk Wittenberge der DB Regio AG wurde im Jahre 2001 die bisher eingesetzte Handprüfung bzw. eine teilmechanisierte Prüfung mit konventioneller Technik durch eine mechanisierte automatische Prüfung mit Ultraschall-Gruppenstrahlertechnik abgelöst. Die bisherige individuelle Befundbewertung durch A-Bilder wurde durch eine numerische Rekonstruktion der Prüfdaten mit bildhafter Darstellung ersetzt. Dabei konnte die Prüfaussage signifikant verbessert und die Prüfzeit von bisher bis zu 30 Minuten auf 5 Minuten reduziert werden. Ziel bei der Prüfung von Radsatzvollwellen ist es, die Rad- und Bremsscheibensitze sowie sämtliche Querschnittsübergänge auf radiale Fehler, d.h. auf quer zur Längsachse liegende Risse, zu überprüfen. Die eingeschränkte Zugänglichkeit der Prüforte hätte beim Einsatz von konventioneller Technik eine Vielzahl von Winkelprüfköpfen erforderlich gemacht, was in der Praxis einen schwer zu bewältigenden Aufwand allein auf Seiten der Prüfmechanik mit sich gebracht hätte. Die Technik der laufzeitgesteuerten Gruppenstrahler ermöglicht es, sämtliche geforderten Prüfbereiche mit 4 Prüfköpfen zu erfassen. T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2002 CY - Weimar, Deutschland DA - 2002-05-06 KW - Ultraschall Gruppenstrahler KW - Prüfung von Radsatzvollwellen KW - Bildhafte Auswertetechnik PY - 2002 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp02/papers/v34/v34.htm SN - 3-931381-39-0 N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. IS - 80-CD PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1461 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markwart, Jens C. A1 - Battig, Alexander A1 - Zimmermann, Lisa A1 - Wagner, Martin A1 - Fischer, Jochen A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Wurm, Frederik R. T1 - Systematically controlled decomposition mechanism in phosphorus flame retardants by precise molecular architecture: P−O vs P−N N2 - Flame retardants (FR) are inevitable additives to many plastics. Halogenated organics are effective FRs but are controversially discussed due to the release of toxic gases during a fire or their persistence if landfilled. Phosphorus-containing compounds are effective alternatives to halogenated FRs and have potential lower toxicity and degradability. In addition, nitrogencontaining additives were reported to induce synergistic effects with phosphorus-based FRs. However, no systematic study of the gradual variation on a single phosphorus FR containing both P−O and P−N moieties and their comparison to the respective blends of phosphates and phosphoramides was reported. This study developed general design principles for P−O- and P−N-based FRs and will help to design effective FRs for various polymers. We synthesized a library of phosphorus FRs that only differ in their P-binding pattern from each other and studied their decomposition mechanism in epoxy resins. Systematic control over the decomposition pathways of phosphate (PO(OR)3), phosphoramidate (PO(OR)2(NHR)), phosphorodiamidate (PO(OR)(NHR)2), phosphoramide (PO(NHR)3), and their blends was identified, for example, by reducing cis-elimination and the formation of P−N-rich char with increasing nitrogen content in the P-binding sphere. Our FR epoxy resins can compete with commercial FRs in most cases, but we proved that the blending of esters and amides outperformed the single molecule amidates/diamidates due to distinctively different decomposition mechanisms acting synergistically when blended. KW - Phosphorus KW - Flame retardants KW - Epoxies KW - Mechanistic study KW - Toxicity PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-481549 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00129 SN - 2637-6105 VL - 1 IS - 5 SP - 1118 EP - 1128 PB - ACS AN - OPUS4-48154 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kockert, M. A1 - Mitdank, R. A1 - Zykov, A. A1 - Kowarik, Stefan A1 - Fischer, F. T1 - Absolute Seebeck coefficient of thin platinum films N2 - The influence of size effects on the thermoelectric properties of thin platinum films is investigated and compared to the bulk. Structural properties, like the film thickness and the grain size, are varied. We correlate the electron mean free path with the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and the absolute Seebeck coefficient SPt of platinum. A measurement platform was developed as a standardized method to determine SPt and show that SPt,film is reduced compared to SPt,bulk. Boundary and surface scattering reduce the thermodiffusion and the phonon drag contribution to SPt,film by nearly the same factor. We discuss in detail on behalf of a model, which describes the temperature dependence of the absolute Seebeck coefficient, the influence of size effects of electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interaction on SPt. KW - Thin magnetic films PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-499007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5101028 SN - 0021-8979 VL - 126 SP - 105106 PB - AIP AN - OPUS4-49900 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Polte, Jörg A1 - Tuaev, X. A1 - Wuithschick, M. A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Rademann, K. A1 - Kraehnert, R. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Formation mechanism of colloidal silver nanoparticles: analogies and differences to the growth of gold nanoparticles N2 - The formation mechanisms of silver nanoparticles using aqueous silver perchlorate solutions as precursors and sodium borohydride as reducing agent were investigated based on time-resolved in situ experiments. This contribution addresses two important issues in colloidal science: (i) differences and analogies between growth processes of different metals such as gold and silver and (ii) the influence of a steric stabilizing agent on the growth process. The results reveal that a growth due to coalescence is a fundamental growth principle if the monomer-supplying chemical reaction is faster than the actual particle formation. KW - Silver nanoparticle growth KW - Formation mechanisms KW - Nucleation KW - SAXS PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/nn301724z SN - 1936-0851 VL - 6 IS - 7 SP - 5791 EP - 5802 PB - ACS Publ. CY - Washington, DC, USA AN - OPUS4-26427 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Polte, Jörg A1 - Herder, Martin A1 - Erler, Robert A1 - Rolf, Simone A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Würth, Christian A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Kraehnert, R. A1 - Emmerling, Franziska T1 - Mechanistic insights into seeded growth processes of gold nanoparticles N2 - A facile approach for the synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles with radii in the range of 7 to 20 nm is presented. Starting from monodisperse seeds with radii of 7 nm, produced in the first step, the addition of a defined amount of additional precursor material permits distinct size regulation and the realization of predicted nanoparticle sizes. These information were derived from ex- and in situ investigations by comprehensive small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and UV-Vis data to obtain information on the physicochemical mechanisms. The obtained mechanisms can be transferred to other seeded growth processes. Compared to similar approaches, the presented synthesis route circumvents the use of different reducing or stabilizing agents. The size of resulting nanoparticles can be varied over a large size range presented for the first time without a measurable change in the shape, polydispersity or surface chemistry. Thus, the resulting nanoparticles are ideal candidates for size dependence investigations. KW - Gold nanoparticles KW - SAXS KW - XANES KW - Growth mechanism PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00541j SN - 2040-3364 SN - 2040-3372 VL - 2 IS - 11 SP - 2463 EP - 2469 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-22346 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ortel, Erik A1 - Fischer, A. A1 - Chuenchom, L. A1 - Polte, Jörg A1 - Emmerling, Franziska A1 - Smarsly, B.M. A1 - Kraehnert, R. T1 - New triblock copolymer templates, PEO-PB-PEO, for the synthesis of titania films with controlles mesopore size, wall thickness, and bimodal porosity N2 - The synthesis and properties of a series of new structure-directing triblock copolymers with PEO-PB-PEO structure (PEO = poly(ethylene oxide) and PB = polybutadiene) and their application as superior pore-templates for the preparation of mesoporous titania coatings are reported. Starting from either TiCl4 or from preformed TiO2 nanocrystalline building blocks, mesoporous crystalline titanium oxide films with a significant degree of mesoscopic ordered pores are derived, and the pore size can be controlled by the molecular mass of the template polymer. Moreover, the triblock copolymers form stable micelles already at very low concentration, i.e., prior to solvent evaporation during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process (EISA). Consequently, the thickness of pore walls can be controlled independently of pore size by changing the polymer-to-precursor ratio. Thus, unprecedented control of wall thickness in the structure of mesoporous oxide coatings is achieved. In addition, the micelle formation of the new template polymers is sufficiently distinct from that of typical commercial PPO-PEO-PPO polymers (Pluronics; PPO = poly(propylene oxide)), so that a combination of both polymers facilitates bimodal porosity via dual micelle templating. KW - Mesoporous materials KW - Titanium oxide films KW - Anatase nanoparticles KW - PEO-PB-PEO KW - Dual templating PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201101520 SN - 1613-6810 SN - 1613-6829 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 298 EP - 309 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-26277 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gähde, J. A1 - Fischer, T. A1 - Falkenhagen, Jana A1 - Dittmar, A. A1 - Gnauck, R. T1 - Interaction of Polyurethane Model Compounds with Metal Oxides KW - Polyurethane model compounds KW - Mono layers KW - Specific interaction at oxide surfaces KW - Catalyzed hydrolysis PY - 1997 SN - 0021-8995 SN - 1097-4628 VL - 64 SP - 2449 EP - 2455 PB - Wiley InterScience CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-2156 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartel, Bernhard A1 - Weiß, André A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Kleemeier, M. A1 - Hartwig, A. A1 - Vogt, C. A1 - Fischer, R.X. T1 - Layered silicate epoxy nanocomposites: formation of the inorganic-carbonaceous fire protection layer N2 - The layered silicate (LS) modification and processing parameters applied control the morphology of the LS/polymer composites. Here, increasing the surface area of the LS particles by using alternative drying processes increases dispersion towards a more typical nanocomposite morphology, which is a basic requirement for promising flame retardancy. Nevertheless, the morphology at room temperature does not act itself with respect to flame retardancy, but serves as a prerequisite for the formation of an efficient surface protection layer during pyrolysis. The formation of this residue layer was addressed experimentally for the actual pyrolysis region of a burning nanocomposite and thus our results are valid without any assumptions or compromises on the time period, dimension, surrounding atmosphere or temperature. The formation of the inorganic-carbonaceous residue is influenced by bubbling, migration, reorientation, agglomeration, ablation, and perhaps also delamination induced thermally and by decomposition, whereas true sintering of the inorganic particles was ruled out as an important mechanism. Multiple, quite different mechanisms are relevant during the formation of the residue, and the importance of each mechanism probably differs from one nanocomposite system to another. The main fire protection effect of the surface layer in polymer nanocomposites based on non-charring or nearly non-charring polymers is the increase in surface temperature, resulting in a substantial increase in reradiated heat flux (heat shielding). KW - Nanocomposite KW - Fire retardancy KW - Epoxy resin KW - Fire behavior KW - Flammability PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1644 SN - 1042-7147 SN - 1099-1581 VL - 22 IS - 12 SP - 1581 EP - 1592 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-24916 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -