TY - CONF A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Zeps, Robert A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Spoormaker, T. ED - Pierucci, S. ED - Klemes, J.J. ED - De Rademaeker, E. ED - Fabiano, B. ED - Buratti, S.S. T1 - The explosive decomposition of tetrafluoroethylene: large scale tests and simulations N2 - There is a lack of data on the self-ignition behaviour of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) in industrial sized equipment. In order to assess the tendency of TFE for decomposition in large scale vessels, , a facility was designed and constructed. Tests were carried out in a cylindrical reactor with a volume of 100 L with initial pressures of 5 and 10 bar(a). The effect of the reactor adjustment (vertical or horizontal) was taken into account. The current work describes the test set up and summarizes the experimental results achieved. Furthermore, this paper reports on a numerical model for the prediction of the self -heating of TFE in closed vessels, which was previously developed for small scale reactors and has been here validated for larger dimensions with the experiments performed in the new facility. T2 - 14th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Florence, Italy DA - 12.05.2013 KW - Tetrafluoroethylene KW - Self-heating KW - Large-scale reactor KW - Numerical simulation PY - 2013 SN - 978-88-95608-22-8 SN - 1974-9791 N1 - Serientitel: Chemical engineering transactions – Series title: Chemical engineering transactions IS - 31 SP - 1 EP - 6(?) PB - AIDIC, Associazione Italiana di Ingegneria Chimica CY - Milano AN - OPUS4-28549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Zeps, Robert T1 - Simulation and experimental determination of the self-ignition of tetrafluoroethylene in a 100-dm³-autoclave N2 - The main industrial application of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE, Chemical formula C2F4) is as monomer in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), sold under various brand names, like Teflon® resin by DuPont. The process leading to the formation of PTFE is a Polymerisation, which normally occurs in large reactors as a liquid phase reaction. T2 - 11. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 07.11.2013 PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-86011-058-4 IS - P-15 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-30026 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Ferrero, Fabio T1 - Modeling helps improve safety in the production of teflon KW - Self ignition KW - Numerical simulation KW - MITD KW - TFE PY - 2011 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. SP - 44 EP - 45 AN - OPUS4-23831 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Spoormaker, T. T1 - Der Stoff, aus dem die Zukunft ist N2 - Beim begehrten Kunststoff Teflon führt kein Weg an einem komplexen Herstellungsprozess vorbei, der aufgrund der besonderen Eigenschaften des Ausgangsstoffes spezieller sicherheitstechnischer Anforderungen bedarf. Comsol Multiphysics unterstützte Wissenschaftler in der Auslegung der Produktionsanlagen bei der Identifizierung von Gefahrenquellen. KW - Tetrafluorethylen KW - Selbstentzündung KW - Numerisches Modell PY - 2011 SN - 1866-5004 SN - 1436-3348 SN - 0939-5504 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. VL - 6 SP - 64 EP - 66 PB - Göller CY - Baden-Baden AN - OPUS4-24706 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Numerical analysis of the effect of the electrode distance during the determination of the flammability limits of gases N2 - COMSOL Multiphysics® was used as a tool for the better understanding of the evolution of flow patterns during the induced ignition of gases. A simplified model was developed for the scope, by coupling the weakly compressible Navier Stokes module and the convection and conduction module. The current paper presents the results of the performed simulations. T2 - COMSOL Conference 2011 CY - Ludwigsburg, Germany DA - 26.10.2011 KW - Spark ignition KW - Gas flow KW - Temperature PY - 2011 SN - 978-0-9839688-0-1 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. SP - 1 EP - 7 CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-24700 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ferrero, Fabio T1 - Numerical Analysis of the Effect of the Electrode Distance during the Determination of the Flammability Limits of Gases T2 - COMSOL Conference 2011 CY - Ludwigsburg, Germany DA - 2011-10-26 PY - 2011 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. AN - OPUS4-24626 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Acikalin, Hatice Aydan A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Modellazione del processo di autoaccensione del TFE KW - Convezione naturale (free convention) KW - Trasporto reattivo (reactive flow) KW - Reazione in fase gas (gas reaction) KW - Autoignizione (self-ignition) PY - 2011 SN - 0390-2358 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. VL - 6 SP - 84 EP - 90 PB - ERIS CY - Milan AN - OPUS4-24094 LA - ita AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Spoormaker, T. A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - On the minimum ignition temperature for the explosive decomposition of tetrafluoroethylene on hot walls: Experiments and calculations N2 - The Minimum Ignition Temperature of Decomposition (MITD) of tetrafluoroethylene in a partially heated pipe was analyzed for different initial pressures (5, 10 and 15 bara). The pipe used had an internal length of 1 m, an internal diameter of 30 mm with a volume of about 0.7 dm³ and was vertically oriented. Pressure at the pipe top and temperature at four different locations along the pipe axis were measured. Tetrafluoroethylene was found to decompose at lower temperatures for increasing initial pressures, in agreement with previous tests with reactors with fully heated walls. A complete passive quenching in the non-heated part of the pipe was observed only for an initial pressure of 5 bara, while for higher initial pressures, the decomposition propagated completely along the test pipe. Moreover, the test results on the MITD were compared with data from previous experiments in fully heated 0.2 and 3 dm³ cylindrical reactors and showed a decrease of the MITD with the heated volume through heated surface ratio of the vessel. Furthermore, the prediction of the MITD of tetrafluoroethylene by simplified calculation methods was attempted, showing a good agreement with the experimental results. KW - Tetrafluoroethylene KW - Decomposition KW - Self-ignition PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2011.11.005 SN - 0950-4230 SN - 1873-3352 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 293 EP - 301 PB - Butterworth CY - Guildford, Surrey AN - OPUS4-25138 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Krause, Heike A1 - Schröder, Volkmar ED - Suter, G. ED - de Rademaeker, E. T1 - Study of the explosive decomposition of tetrafluoroethylene in a partially heated pipe T2 - 13th International symposium on loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries CY - Brugge, Belgium DA - 2010-06-06 KW - Unstable gases KW - TFE KW - Decomposition KW - Pipes PY - 2010 SN - 978-90-76019-291 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. VL - 02 SP - 415 EP - 418 CY - Brugge, Belgium AN - OPUS4-21489 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ferrero, Fabio T1 - Study of the Explosive Decomposition of Tetrafluoroethylene in a Partially Heated Pipe T2 - 13th International Symposium on Loss Prevention 2010 CY - Bruges, Belgium DA - 2010-06-07 PY - 2010 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. AN - OPUS4-21409 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ferrero, Fabio T1 - A Parametric Study of Shock Wave Simulations with Help of COMSOL Multiphysics T2 - COMSOL Conference CY - Milan, Italy DA - 2012-12-10 PY - 2012 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. N1 - Geburtsname von Meyer-Scherf, Ronald: Meyer, R. - Birth name of Meyer-Scherf, Ronald: Meyer, R. AN - OPUS4-26705 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Acikalin, Hatice Aydan A1 - Steinbach, J. T1 - Improvements in the modeling of the self ignition of tetrafluoroethylene N2 - In order to prevent incidents in the industrial production of Teflon® from Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), the safety related aspects of the self-heating process of TFE must be taken into account. Simulations of this self heating process were performed with COMSOL Reaction Engineering Lab® and COMSOL® COMSOL Multiphysics®. A complex reaction net was employed, resulting in a model allows for a good agreement with experimentally achieved results. T2 - COMSOL Conference 2010 CY - Paris, France DA - 2010-11-17 KW - Heating KW - Free convection KW - Reactive flow KW - Gas reaction KW - Self ignition PY - 2010 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-24174 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ferrero, Fabio T1 - The Explosive Decomposition of Tetrafluoroethylene: Large Scale Tests and Simulations T2 - 14th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries CY - Florence, Italy DA - 2013-05-12 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28668 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Zeps, Robert A1 - Kreißig, Michael A1 - Steinhübel, Marco T1 - Untersuchung des Zündverhaltens von Tetrafluorethylen/Luft-Gemischen durch Kompressionsvorgänge im Pilot- und Industriemaßstab N2 - Die adiabate Kompression stellt insbesondere für zerfallsfähige Gase eine potentielle Zündquelle sowohl bei Herstellungsprozessen als auch beim Umgang in weiterverarbeitenden Betrieben oder beim Endnutzer dar. So kam es in der Vergangenheit etwa in TFE-verarbeitenden Anlagen wiederholt zu Störfällen durch Adiabate Kompressionsvorgänge des Monomers. Unter dem Begriff „zerfallsfähige Gase“ oder auch „chemisch-instabile Gase“ versteht man Gase, bei denen es auch in Abwesenheit eines Oxidators nach einer Zündung zu einem explosionsartigem Reaktionsverlauf kommen kann, wie es etwa beim Tetrafluorethylen (TFE) der Fall ist. Die Zerfallsreaktion von TFE ist in Gleichung dargestellt. Sobald eine Zündquelle die Zerfallsreaktion initiiert, kann diese bei bestimmten Anfangsbedingungen von Druck und Temperatur explosionsartig verlaufen. Die schnelle Reaktionsrate zusammen mit der hohen Exothermie der Reaktion kann zur Bildung von heftigen Explosionen führen, wie sie sonst nur bei Brenngas/Oxidator-Gernischen üblich sind. T2 - 11. Fachtagung Anlagen-, Arbeits- und Umweltsicherheit CY - Köthen, Germany DA - 07.11.2013 PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-86011-058-4 IS - P-14 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-30027 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ferrero, Fabio A1 - Kluge, Martin A1 - Hensel, Christina A1 - Schmidtchen, Ulrich A1 - Holtappels, Kai T1 - The behavior of acetylene cylinders involved in fire: An experimental and numerical analysis N2 - Fire exposure tests of acetylene cylinders were performed. The purpose of the experiments was to gather information on the behavior in fire of such vessels, depending on the initial charge of acetylene. In fact "empty" acetylene cylinders still contain the solvent in which acetylene is dissolved plus the amount of acetylene to saturation at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature and may still constitute a threat to safety. In the fire exposure tests performed the hazardousness of these vessels was demonstrated, since it was observed that not only fully charged acetylene cylinders but also cylinders with saturated solvent can explode, provided the heat transfer to the vessel is sufficient. The times to explosion were shorter for fully charged cylinders, due to the higher initial pressure and to the faster pressure increase. The effects of the explosions are comparable for both fully charged cylinders and for cylinders with saturated solvent, except for the smaller fireball which is produced in the second case, due to the smaller amount of fuel available. In both cases the cylinder walls or at least fragments can fly further than 100 m away from the burst location. Results of the experiments are presented in the paper. During the tests, temperature measurements at the cylinder walls and in the cylinder interior were performed. Furthermore, the pressure in the cylinder was recorded. The collected data will serve for the validation of a numerical model for the simulation of the heating of acetylene cylinders involved in fire and of the afterward cooling with water, which has been developed. The constitutive model equations and the results of some simulations are presented in the paper. T2 - 19th International congress of chemical and process engineering (CHISA 2010) / 7th European congress of chemical engineering (ECCE-7) CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2010-08-28 KW - Safety KW - Acetylene KW - Heat transfer KW - Fire KW - Simulation PY - 2010 SN - 978-80-02-02210-7 N1 - Geburtsname von Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. - Birth name of Kluge, Martin: Beckmann-Kluge, M. IS - F3.1 / 0973 SP - 1 EP - 13 CY - Prague, Czech Republic AN - OPUS4-21923 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -