TY - JOUR A1 - Igartua, A. A1 - Fernández, X. A1 - Areitioaurtena, O. A1 - Luther, R. A1 - Seyfert, C. A1 - Rausch, J. A1 - Illaramendi, I. A1 - Berg, M. A1 - Schultheiß, H. A1 - Duffau, B. A1 - Plouseau, S. A1 - Woydt, Mathias T1 - Biolubricants and triboreactive materials for automotive applications N2 - The research institution TEKNIKER has coordinated the EUROPEAN Project EREBIO, were different biodegradable lubricants have been formulated by FUCHS and BAM for heavy duty engines (GUASCOR), and passenger cars (RENAULT). In the frame of this article, it has been summarised the results obtained when developing biodegradable passenger car lubricants in combination with triboreactive materials. Replacing hydrocarbon-based oils with biodegradable products is one of the ways to reduce adverse effects on the ecosystem caused by the use of lubricants. The application of low or no sulphur, ash and phosphorous (lowSAP) ester- or polyglycol-based oils, intended for passenger car engine lubricants as substitutes for hydrocarbon-based oils, required the preparation of a composition of lubricants with comparable tribological and functional properties. The study is focussed on passenger car motor oils (PCMO) with reduced metal-organic additives. This is necessary in order to reduce the ash build-up in the after treatment system and therefore improve its efficiency and lifetime. High fuel efficiency and long drain intervals are requested, as well. To follow a line in a consequent way, these oils have to be biodegradable and non-toxic to the aqueous environment according to the directive EC/1999/45, coherent with other international standard. In a modern diesel or gasoline engine, the engine oils has to fulfil quite a number of different functions, such as lubricating and cooling the system, wear protection, soot and particle handling with less deposit tendency and so on. In the paper a study of the biodegradability, toxicity and the tribological properties has been carried out for new developed prototype engine bio-oils. Also, some different plasma sprayed triboreactive coatings have been deposited on cast iron piston rings, being studied also their tribological properties. Finally, the behaviour of the new bio-oils selected and plasma sprayed triboreactive coatings on piston rings have been screened in a real engine. T2 - European Conference on Tribology (ECOTRIB) CY - Ljubljana, Slovenia DA - 2007-06-14 KW - Friction KW - Biolubricant KW - Piston ring KW - Bearing KW - Ester KW - Polyglycol PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2008.10.015 SN - 0301-679X VL - 42 IS - 4 SP - 561 EP - 568 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-19060 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Igartua, A. A1 - Fernandez, X. A1 - Woydt, Mathias A1 - Luther, R. A1 - Illarramendi, I. ED - Lakshminarayanan, P.A. ED - Nayak, N.S. T1 - Tribological tests to simulate wear on piston rings N2 - In order to reduce experimental effort, tribological tests are performed for coating selection, simulating the friction, wear and scuffing behaviour between the piston ring and cylinder liner, as well as lubricant evaluation. The creation of test standards in piston ring/cylinder liner simulation is discussed. PVD coatings, HVOF coatings and nitriding treatments have been applied to piston rings as alternative for chromium coatings. CrN/TiN coating seems very effective for increasing the wear and scuffing resistance. Biodegradable engine oils based on esters and polyglycols reduce friction and exceed the wear resistance of reference engine oils based on hydrocarbons for the new generation engines with high cylinder pressures. KW - Friction KW - HVOF KW - Chromium KW - CrN/TiN KW - Scuffing KW - Wear KW - Resistance KW - Tribo-system KW - Piston ring KW - Cylinder liner KW - SRV Test KW - Schwingung KW - Reibung KW - Verschleiß KW - Oscillation KW - Friction and Wear KW - Extreme pressure test KW - Coating KW - Physical vapour deposited coating (PVD) KW - High Pressure–High Velocity Oxi-fuel coating (HP-HVOF) KW - Friction coefficient KW - Wear scar KW - Lubricant KW - Bio-degradable lubricant KW - Ester KW - Glycol KW - Viscosity index KW - Viscosity grade KW - Thematic piston ring PY - 2011 SN - 978-0-470-82882-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470828847.ch11 IS - Chapter 11 SP - 167 EP - 195 PB - John Wiley & Sons AN - OPUS4-26253 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -