TY - JOUR A1 - van der Hout, J. W. A1 - van der Veen, A. M. H. A1 - Ziel, P. R. A1 - Kipphardt, Heinrich A1 - Tuma, Dirk A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Fernández, T. E. A1 - Gómez, C. A1 - Cieciora, D. A1 - Ochman, G. A1 - Dias, F. A1 - Silvino, V. A1 - Macé, T. A1 - Sutour, C. A1 - Marioni, F. A1 - Ackermann, A. A1 - Niederhauser, B. A1 - Fükő, J. A1 - Büki, T. A1 - Szilágyi, Z. N. A1 - Tarhan, T. A1 - Engin, E. T1 - International Comparison Euramet.QM-K111 – Propane in Nitrogen N2 - This key comparison aims to assess the core capabilities of the participants in gas analysis. Such competences include, among others, the capabilities to prepare Primary Standard gas Mixtures (PSMs), perform the necessary purity analysis on the materials used in the gas mixture preparation, the verification of the composition of newly prepared PSMs against existing ones, and the capability of calibrating the composition of a gas mixture. According to the Strategy for Key Comparisons of the Gas Analysis Working Group, this key comparison is classified as an RMO track A key comparison. The artefacts were binary mixtures of propane in nitrogen at a nominal amount-of-substance fraction level of 1000 μmol/mol. The values and uncertainties from the gravimetric gas mixture preparation were used as key comparison reference values (KCRVs). Each transfer standard had its own KCRV. The results are generally good. All results are within ± 1 % of the KCRV. KW - EURAMET.QM-K111 KW - Propane in nitrogen PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/54/1A/08020 SN - 0026-1394 VL - 54 IS - Technical Supplement SP - 08020, 1 EP - 34 PB - IOP Science AN - OPUS4-44471 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Schwarz, F. A1 - Heinrich, Thomas A1 - Kaufmann, J. O. A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Puttreddy, R. A1 - Rissanen, K. A1 - Schalley, C. A. T1 - Photocontrolled on-surface pseudorotaxane formation with well-ordered macrocycle multilayers N2 - The photoinduced pseudorotaxane formation between a photoresponsive axle and a tetralactam macrocycle was investigated in solution and on glass surfaces with immobilized multilayers of macrocycles. In the course of this reaction, a novel photoswitchable binding station with azobenzene as the photoswitchable unit and diketopiperazine as the binding station was synthesized and studied by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Glass surfaces have been functionalized with pyridine-terminated SAMs and subsequently withmultilayers of macrocycles through layer-by-layer self assembly. A preferred orientation of the macrocycles could be confirmed by NEXAFS spectroscopy. The photocontrolled Deposition of the axle into the surface-bound macrocycle-multilayers was monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy and led to an increase of the molecular order, as indicated by more substantial linear dichroism effects in angle-resolved NEXAFS spectra. KW - Well-ordered macrocycle multilayers KW - XPS KW - NEXAFS PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201603156 SN - 0947-6539 SN - 1521-3765 VL - 22 IS - 40 SP - 14383 EP - 14389 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-38270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lange, T. A1 - Neher, F. A1 - Klemm, E. A1 - Heinrich, Sebastian A1 - Balcazar Pust, Emilio A1 - Liebner, Christian A1 - Hieronymus, Hartmut T1 - Heterogeneous catalysis meets micro reactors: Partial oxidations in the explosion regime N2 - Investigations on primary, secondary and tertiary explosion protection have been performed for micro reactors with slit-like channels which are coated with catalyst. Ethene/oxygen mixtures have been used as model gas mixtures representing explosion group IIB (DIN EN ISO 16852). It could be shown that the explosion regime can be significantly reduced when using micro reactors (primary explosion protection). Furthermore, safe Operation inside the explosion regime is possible with micro reactors (secondary explosion protection), but, at certain conditions thermal runaway and ignition of detonations are possible. An unexpected behaviour has been found, because thermal runaway occurred when Volumetrie flow rate was increased. This behaviour is completely opposite to that of multi tube fixed bed reactors which show an increase of safety when increasing volumetric flow rate. Micro reactors can be constructed pressure-resistant even when detonations occur inside (tertiary explosion protection). For the example of o-xylene oxidation it could be shown that space time yield can be increased significantly when entering explosion regime. T2 - DGMK International conference - Selective oxidation and functionalization: Classical and alternative routes and sources CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 13.10.2014 PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-941721-44-9 VL - 2014-3 SP - 97 EP - 105 AN - OPUS4-31759 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoch, H. A1 - Wessel, A. A1 - Asche, M. A1 - Baum, D. A1 - Beckmann, F. A1 - Bräunig, P. A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Mühlethaler, R. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Stelbrink, B. A1 - Wachmann, E. A1 - Weintraub, P. A1 - Wipfler, B. A1 - Wolff, C. A1 - Zilch, M. T1 - Non-sexual abdominal appendages in adult insects challenge a 300 million year old bauplan N2 - Despite their enormous diversity, the bauplan of adult winged insects (pterygotes) is remarkably conservative since the Lower Devonian: a five-segmented head, a three-segmented thorax with three pairs of walking legs and an eleven-segmented abdomen without any non-sexual appendages 1 and 2. The only known exceptions are the abdominal appendages of adult male sepsid flies on the fourth segment; however, these are also used as copulatory organs and are supposedly maintained through sexual selection [3]. Here, we report a rod-like paired appendage from the third and fourth abdominal segments in adults of the Southeast-Asian Hemiptera taxon Bennini (Figure 1A,B; Supplemental information). These are fully musculated, innervated, and movable and bear highly organized sensory and secretory units. The appendages, termed LASSO (lateral abdominal sensory and secretory organs), are consistent in topology and structure in all species studied and not sexually dimorphic. The existence of these non-sexual abdominal appendages reveals the potential of the 300 million year old conserved bauplan of insects. KW - CT KW - Bauplan KW - Adult insects KW - Abdominal appendages PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.040 SN - 0960-9822 SN - 1879-0445 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - R16 EP - R17 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge, Mass. AN - OPUS4-30034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, D. A1 - Costa, F. R. A1 - Leuteritz, A. A1 - Purohit, Purv A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Vyalikh, A. A1 - Scheler, U. A1 - Wagenknecht, U. A1 - Kutlu, B. A1 - Heinrich, G. ED - Mittal, V. T1 - Polyolefin nanocomposites with layered double hydroxides PY - 2010 SN - 978-1-4398-1454-3 SP - 225 EP - 245 PB - CRC Press AN - OPUS4-23039 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönhals, Andreas A1 - Goering, Harald A1 - Costa, F. R. A1 - Wagenknecht, U. A1 - Heinrich, G. T1 - Dielectric properties of nanocomposites based on polyethylene and layered double hydroxide N2 - Nanocomposites with a predominantly exfoliated morphology were prepared by melt blending of organically modified doubled layered hydroxide (LDH) and low density polyethylene (PE). The prepared materials were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in detail by dielectric spectroscopy. The DSC experiments show that the degree of crystallinity decreases linearly with increasing content of the LDH. The extrapolation of this dependence to zero results in a limiting concentration of ca. 50 wt % LDH were the crystallization of PE is completely suppressed by the nanofiller. The dielectric response of pure polyethylene shows different weak relaxation processes. The intensity of dynamic glass transition (β-relaxation) increases with the concentration of LDH. This is attributed to the increasing concentration of the exchanged anion dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The SDBS molecules are strongly adsorbed at the exfoliated LDH layers. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the β-relaxation provides information about the structure and the molecular dynamics in the interfacial region between the exfoliated LDH layers and the polyethylene matrix. This analysis shows that the β-relaxation region consists of two processes: both of them obey glassy dynamics. The difference in corresponding Vogel (ideal glass transition) temperatures is about 30 K. The relaxation process at lower frequency is assigned to polyethylene segments with a reduced molecular mobility close to LDH layers. The process at higher frequencies is related to polyethylene segments in a farer distance for the surface of the nanofiller. In the nanocomposite materials an additional process due to Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization was observed. The time constant of this MWS process can be correlated with characteristic length scales in nanocomposites and therefore provides additional information on dispersion and delamination/exfoliation of the LDH layers in these materials. PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ma900077w SN - 0024-9297 SN - 1520-5835 VL - 42 IS - 12 SP - 4165 EP - 4174 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-19594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zabler, S. A1 - Rueda, A. A1 - Rack, A. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Zaslansky, P. A1 - Manke, I. A1 - Garcia-Moreno, F. A1 - Banhart, J. T1 - Coarsening of grain-refined semi-solid Al-Ge32 alloy: X-ray microtomography and in situ radiography KW - Microtomography KW - Radiography KW - 2D/3D imageanalysis KW - Technical binary alloys KW - LSW PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.05.028 SN - 1359-6454 SN - 1873-2453 VL - 55 IS - 15 SP - 5045 EP - 5055 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Kidlington AN - OPUS4-20583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mechler, S. A1 - Schumacher, G. A1 - Koteski, V. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Schäfers, F. A1 - Mahnke, H.-E. T1 - Local structure and site substitution in amorphous and quasicrystalline Zr-Ti-Ni-(Cu) alloys N2 - Local structures of amorphous and quasicrystalline phases in Zr–Ti–Ni and Zr–Ti–Ni–Cu alloys have been studied by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The amorphous phases show a high degree of icosahedral short-range order. In all investigated systems local order around Cu and Ni atoms was found to be nearly identical pointing to site substitution of Ni by Cu as the reason for an improved glass forming ability when Ni is partly substituted by Cu. The results strengthen an icosahedral cluster based approach for the structure of metallic glasses and indicate the importance of the medium-range order on glass formation. KW - Copper alloys KW - Frustration KW - Glass structure KW - Metallic glasses KW - X-ray absorption spectra PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3467265 SN - 0003-6951 SN - 1077-3118 VL - 97 IS - 4 SP - 041914-1 - 041914-3 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville, NY AN - OPUS4-22122 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Heinrich, F. T1 - Selective reduction of NO by hydrocarbons with Fe zeolites: Relations between the structure of active Fe sites and catalytic activity T2 - 3rd International Conference on Environmental Catalysis CY - Tokyo, Japan DA - 2001-12-10 PY - 2001 AN - OPUS4-6233 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinrich, F. A1 - Schmidt, C. A1 - Löffler, E. A1 - Menzel, Michael A1 - Grünert, W. T1 - Fe-ZSM-5 Catalysts for the Selective Reduction of NO by Isobutane - The Problem of the Active Sites N2 - Relations between the structure of Fe–ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by interaction of FeCl3 with H–ZSM-5 and their catalytic behavior in the SCR of NO by isobutane were investigated by combining results of catalytic studies (1000 ppm NO, 1000 ppm isobutane, and 2% O2 in He, 30,000 h-1) and of physicochemical characterization (XRD, EXAFS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, TPR, IR, XPS). By variation of the preparation conditions (method of FeCl3 introduction—chemical vapor deposition or solid-state ion exchange, washing intensity, calcination regime) and of the matrix (H–ZSM-5 with normal and high defect density), Fe–ZSM-5 materials with strongly varying properties (aggregation degree of the Fe phase, acidity) were obtained. Significant discrepancies between conclusions derived from EXAFS, TPR, and Mössbauer spectroscopy were ascribed to a preference of Mössbauer spectroscopy for the detection of aggregated phases and a high defectivity of Fe oxide clusters formed upon calcination. The critical step for the preparation of a highly disperse Fe phase is extensive washing after Fe introduction. The catalytic behavior of overexchanged Fe–ZSM-5 materials prepared by interaction of FeCl3 with H–ZSM-5 of normal defect density was not influenced by aggregation of a significant part of the Fe phase. The comparison of their catalytic properties with those of a Fe2O3/H–ZSM-5 mechanical mixture and of catalysts prepared by aqueous ion exchange or by CVD of FeCl3 into H–ZSM-5 of high defect density implies that the particular activity of overexchanged Fe–ZSM-5 arises from minority sites. In these, the Fe ions are probably isolated. Other Fe sites of low nuclearity appear to add to the activity. The poor SCR performance (at a given ability for isobutane activation) of Fe–ZSM-5 prepared with a defective ZSM-5 matrix may indicate that the Fe sites which provi de the particular activity of overexchanged Fe–ZSM-5 require the cooperation of acidic sites. KW - deNOx KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Isobutane KW - Fe-ZSM-5 KW - EXAFS KW - Mössbauer spectroscopy KW - Temperature-programmed reduction PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2002.3775 SN - 0021-9517 SN - 1090-2694 VL - 212 SP - 157 EP - 172 PB - Acad. Press CY - San Diego, Calif. AN - OPUS4-2258 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schulz, Eduard A1 - Erhard, Anton A1 - Heinrich, W. A1 - Mohr, F. T1 - Nachqualifikation einer Wasserreibbremse mit Ultraschall N2 - Neu entwickelte Gasturbinen werden im Prüffeld mit wechselnden Belastungen beaufschlagt. Dazu wird die Gasturbine mit einer Wasserreibbremse gekoppelt, mit der eine definierte Last erzeugt werden kann. Ursprünglich war die Wasserreibbremse für eine bestimmte Leistung, die den früheren Leistungen der Gasturbine entsprach, ausgelegt worden. Die erste Prüfung fand im Jahr 1975 statt. Da neuere Gasturbinen wesentlich höhere Leistungen erbringen und die vorhandene Wasserreibbremse weiterhin eingesetzt werden sollte, musste eine Nachqualifizierung vorgenommen werden. Das Ziel war die Absicherung auf eine mögliche Sprödbruchgefahr. Zunächst wurde eine Studie zur Prüfbarkeit erstellt. An speziellen Testkörpern wurden im Ultraschallabor der BAM Vorversuche zur Machbarkeit, zur Empfindlichkeitsein-stellung und zur Vorbereitung der Prüfung durchgeführt. Dazu wurden spezielle Gruppenstrahlerprüfköpfe gefertigt und ein an die komplizierte Geometrie der Bremsscheiben angepasster Manipulator gebaut. Ferner wurde, um die Prüfzeiten zu reduzieren, die Software zur Datenerfassung und zur Auswertung angepasst. Im Werk Berlin der Siemens AG wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit der Siemens AG Erlangen eine Ultraschallprüfung mit der Gruppenstahlertechnik der Wasserreibbremse durchgeführt. Überprüft wurde das gesamte Volumen auf axial, radial und tangential beanspruchte Fehler in den Bereichen der Welle und der Bremsscheibe.Die Überprüfung ergab keine relevanten Fehler, so dass die Wasserreibbremse weiterhin eingesetzt werden kann. T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2000 CY - Innsbruck, Österreich DA - 2000-05-29 PY - 2000 UR - http://www.ndt.net/abstract/dgzfp00/data/79.htm SN - 3-931381-32-3 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-940 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -