TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Airaksinen, M.
A1 - Järnström, H.
A1 - Tirkkonen, T.
A1 - Witterseh, T.
T1 - Material labelling: Combined material emission tests and sensory evaluations
T2 - Indoor Air 2008, 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate
CY - Copenhagen, Denmark
DA - 2008-08-17
KW - Material labelling
KW - Emission test
KW - Sensory evaluation
KW - Odour intensity
KW - Acceptability
PY - 2008
IS - Paper 1066
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-18047
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kunz, C.
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk
A1 - Neumann, C.
A1 - Turchanin, A.
A1 - Bartolomé, J. F.
A1 - Müller, F. A.
A1 - Gräf, S.
T1 - Tribological performance of metal-reinforced ceramic composites selectively structured with femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures
N2 - The impact of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on tribological properties was investigated for metal-reinforced ceramic composites (Al2O3-ZrO2-Nb). For this purpose, the metallic niobium (Nb) phase was selectively structured with LIPSS in an air environment with different values of the fs-laser peak fluence by near-infrared fs-laser radiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 1 kHz), taking advantage of the different light absorption behavior of ceramic and metal. The tribological performance was evaluated by reciprocating sliding tests in a ball-on-disc configuration using Ringer's solution as lubricant. The surfaces were characterized before and after laser irradiation by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and by measuring the contact angle with Ringer's solution. The LIPSS formation resulted in an increased wetting of the surface with the lubricant. Moreover, the selectively structured composite surfaces revealed a coefficient of friction significantly reduced by a factor of ~3 when compared to the non-irradiated surface. Furthermore, the formation of a laser-induced oxidation layer was detected with NbO as the most prominent oxidation state. Selectively structured composites with outstanding mechanical properties and enhanced tribological performance are of particular interest for biomedical applications.
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Femtosecond laser ablation
KW - Ceramic matrix composites
KW - Tribology
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143917
SN - 0169-4332
SN - 1873-5584
VL - 499
IS - 1
SP - 143917
PB - Elsevier B.V.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-49255
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abou-Ras, D.
A1 - Caballero, R.
A1 - Fischer, C.-H.
A1 - Kaufmann, C.A.
A1 - Lauermann, I.
A1 - Mainz, R.
A1 - Mönig, H.
A1 - Schöpke, A.
A1 - Stephan, C.
A1 - Streeck, C.
A1 - Schorr, S.
A1 - Eicke, A.
A1 - Döbeli, M.
A1 - Gade, B.
A1 - Hinrichs, J.
A1 - Nunney, T.
A1 - Dijkstra, H.
A1 - Hoffmann, V.
A1 - Klemm, D.
A1 - Efimova, V.
A1 - Bergmaier, A.
A1 - Dollinger, G.
A1 - Wirth, Thomas
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Rockett, A.A.
A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A.
A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J.
A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V.
A1 - Schmid, T.
A1 - Choi, P.-P.
A1 - Müller, M.
A1 - Bertram, F.
A1 - Christen, J.
A1 - Khatri, H.
A1 - Collins, R.W.
A1 - Marsillac, S.
A1 - Kötschau, I.
T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films
N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits.
KW - Elemental distributions
KW - Comparison
KW - Depth profiling
KW - Chemical mapping
KW - Thin films
KW - Solar cells
KW - Chalcopyrite-type
KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523
SN - 1431-9276
SN - 1435-8115
VL - 17
IS - 5
SP - 728
EP - 751
PB - Cambridge University Press
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-24506
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Buckle, T.
A1 - van der Wal, S.
A1 - van Malderen, S.
A1 - Müller, Larissa
A1 - Kuil, J.
A1 - van Unen, V.
A1 - Peters, R.
A1 - van Bemmel, M.
A1 - McDonnell, L.
A1 - Velders, A.
A1 - Koning, F.
A1 - Vanhaeke, F.
A1 - van Leeuwen, F.
T1 - Hybrid imaging labels: providing the link between mass spectrometry-based molecular pathology and theranostics
N2 - Development of theranostic concepts that include inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) imaging can be hindered by the lack of a direct comparison to more standardly used methods for in vitro and in vivo evaluation; e.g. fluorescence or nuclear medicine. In this study a bimodal (or rather, hybrid) tracer that contains both a fluorescent dye and a chelate was used to evaluate the existence of a direct link between mass spectrometry (MS) and in vitro and in vivo molecular imaging findings using fluorescence and radioisotopes. At the same time, the hybrid label was used to determine whether the use of a single isotope label would allow for MS-based diagnostics.
KW - Imaging
KW - Laser Ablation ICP-MS
KW - Diagnostics
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-396813
DO - https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.17484
VL - 7
IS - 3
SP - 624
EP - 633
PB - IvySpring
AN - OPUS4-39681
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wiedensohler, A.
A1 - Wiesner, A.
A1 - Weinhold, K.
A1 - Birmili, W.
A1 - Herrmann, M.
A1 - Merkel, M.
A1 - Müller, T.
A1 - Pfeifer, S.
A1 - Schmidt, A.
A1 - Tuch, T.
A1 - Velarde, F.
A1 - Quincey, P.
A1 - Seeger, Stefan
A1 - Nowak, A.
T1 - Mobility particle size spectrometers: Calibration procedures and measurement uncertainties
N2 - Mobility particle size spectrometers (MPSS) belong to the essential instruments in aerosol science that determine the particle number size distribution (PNSD)in the submicrometer size range. Following calibration procedures and target uncertainties against standards and reference instruments are suggested for a complete MPSS quality assurance program: a) calibration of the CPC counting efficiency curve (within 5% for the plateau counting efficiency; within 1 nm for the 50% detection efficiency diameter), b) sizing calibration of the MPSS, using a certified polystyrene latex (PSL) particle size standard at 203 nm (within 3%), c) intercomparison of the PNSD of the MPSS (within 10% and 20% of the dN/dlogDP concentration for the particle size range 20 – 200 nm and 200 to 800 nm, respectively), and d) intercomparison of the integral PNC of the MPSS (within 10%). Furthermore, following measurement uncertainties have been investigated: a) PSL particle size standards in the range from 100-500nm match within 1% after sizing calibration at 203 nm. b) Bipolar diffusion chargers based on the radioactive nuclides Kr85, Am241 and Ni63 and a new ionizer based on corona discharge follow the recommended bipolar charge distribution, while soft X-ray-based charges may alter faster than expected. c) The use of a positive high voltage supply show a 10% better performance than a negative one. d) The intercomparison of the integral PNC of an MPSS against the total number concentration is still within the target uncertainty at an ambient pressure of approximately 500 hPa.
KW - Measurement uncertainties
KW - Mobility particle size spectrometer (MPPS)
KW - Condensation particle counter (CPC)
KW - Calibration
PY - 2017
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-425060
DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2017.1387229
SN - 1521-7388
VL - 52
IS - 2
SP - 146
EP - 164
PB - Tailor & Francis
CY - USA
AN - OPUS4-42506
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Goschnick, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Chanie, E.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
T1 - Messung der empfundenen Geruchsintensität mit Multigas-Sensorsystemen, das Forschungsvorhaben SysPAQ
KW - Geruch
KW - Sensorsystem
KW - Perceived Air Quality
KW - Produkttypischer Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
PY - 2007
SN - 978-3-18-091995-9
SN - 0083-5560
IS - 1995
SP - 17
EP - 29
PB - VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-16370
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Debatin, F.
A1 - Thomas, A.
A1 - Kelling, A.
A1 - Hedin, N.
A1 - Bacsik, Z.
A1 - Senkovska, I.
A1 - Kaskel, S.
A1 - Junginger, M.
A1 - Müller, H.
A1 - Schilde, U.
A1 - Jäger, Christian
A1 - Friedrich, A.
A1 - Holdt, H.-J.
T1 - In situ synthesis of an imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate ligand and formation of a microporous zinc-organic framework with H2-and CO2-storage ability
KW - Metal-organic framework
KW - Synthesis
KW - XRD
KW - FTIR
KW - NMR
KW - Gas sorption
KW - Microporous materials
KW - N,O ligands
KW - Solvothermal synthesis
PY - 2010
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200906188
SN - 1433-7851
SN - 1521-3773
SN - 0570-0833
VL - 49
IS - 7
SP - 1258
EP - 1262
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-21132
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seah, M.P.
A1 - Spencer, S.J.
A1 - Bensebaa, F.
A1 - Vickridge, I.
A1 - Danzebrink, H.
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Gross, Thomas
A1 - Österle, Werner
A1 - Wendler, E.
A1 - Rheinländer, B.
A1 - Azuma, Y.
A1 - Kojima, I.
A1 - Suzuki, N.
A1 - Suzuki, M.
A1 - Tanuma, S.
A1 - Moon, D.W.
A1 - Lee, H.J.
A1 - Cho, H.M.
A1 - Chen, H.Y.
A1 - Wee, A. T. S.
A1 - Osipowicz, T.
A1 - Pan, J.S.
A1 - Jordaan, W.A.
A1 - Hauert, R.
A1 - Klotz, U.
A1 - van der Marel, C.
A1 - Verheijen, M.
A1 - Tamminga, Y.
A1 - Jeynes, C.
A1 - Bailey, P.
A1 - Biswas, S.
A1 - Falke, U.
A1 - Nguyen, N.V.
A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D.
A1 - Ehrstein, J.R.
A1 - Muller, D.
A1 - Dura, J.A.
T1 - Critical review of the current status of thickness measurements for ultrathin SiO2 on Si - Part V: Results of a CCQM pilot study
N2 - Results are reported from a pilot study under the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) to compare measurements of and resolve any relevant measurement issues in, the amount of thermal SiO2 oxide on (100) and (111) orientation Si wafer substrates in the thickness range 1.5 - 8 nm. As a result of the invitation to participate in this activity, 45 sets of measurements have been made in different laboratories using 10 analytical methods: medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), RBS, elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS), XPS, SIMS, ellipsometry, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectrometry (GIXRR), neutron reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measurements are made on separate sets of 10 carefully prepared samples, all of which have been characterised by a combination of ellipsometry and XPS using carefully established reference conditions and reference parameters.
The results have been assessed against the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) data and all show excellent linearity. The remaining data sets correlate with the NPL data with average root-mean-square scatters of 0.15 nm, half being better than 0.1 nm and a few at or better than 0.05 nm. Each set of data allows a relative scaling constant and a zero thickness offset to be determined. Each method has an inherent zero thickness offset between 0 nm and 1 nm and it is these offsets, measured here for the first time, that have caused many problems in the past. There are three basic classes of offset: water and carbonadeous contamination equivalent to ~1 nm as seen by ellipsometry; adsorbed oxygen mainly from water at an equivalent thickness of 0.5 nm as seen by MEIS, NRA, RBS and possibly GIXRR; and no offset as seen by XPS using the Si 2p peaks. Each technique has a different uncertainty for the scaling constant and consistent results have been achieved. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has large uncertainties for the scaling constant but a high precision and, critically, if used correctly, has zero offset. Thus, a combination of XPS and the other methods allows the XPS scaling constant to be determined with low uncertainty, traceable via the other methods. XPS laboratories returning results early were invited to test a new reference procedure. All showed very significant improvements. The reference attenuation lengths thus need scaling by 0.986 ± 0.009 (at an expansion factor of 2) deduced from the data for the other methods. Several other methods have small offsets and, to the extent that these can be shown to be constant or measurable, then these methods will also show low uncertainty. Recommendations are provided for parameters for XPS, MEIS, RBS and NRA to improve their accuracy.
KW - Calibration
KW - Ellipsometry
KW - GIXRR
KW - Interlaboratory study
KW - MEIS
KW - Neutron reflectometry
KW - NRA
KW - RBS
KW - Silicon dioxide
KW - SIMS
KW - XPS
PY - 2004
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1909
SN - 0142-2421
SN - 1096-9918
VL - 36
IS - 9
SP - 1269
EP - 1303
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-5549
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Seah, M.P.
A1 - Spencer, S.J.
A1 - Bensebaa, F.
A1 - Vickridge, I.
A1 - Danzebrink, H.
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Gross, Thomas
A1 - Österle, Werner
A1 - Wendler, E.
A1 - Rheinländer, B.
A1 - Azuma, Y.
A1 - Kojima, I.
A1 - Suzuki, N.
A1 - Suzuki, M.
A1 - Tanuma, S.
A1 - Moon, D.W.
A1 - Lee, H.J.
A1 - Cho, H.M.
A1 - Chen, H.Y.
A1 - Wee, A. T. S.
A1 - Osipowicz, T.
A1 - Pan, J.S.
A1 - Jordaan, W.A.
A1 - Hauert, R.
A1 - Klotz, U.
A1 - van der Marel, C.
A1 - Verheijen, M.
A1 - Tamminga, Y.
A1 - Jeynes, C.
A1 - Bailey, P.
A1 - Biswas, S.
A1 - Falke, U.
A1 - Nguyen, N.V.
A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D.
A1 - Ehrstein, J.R.
A1 - Muller, D.
A1 - Dura, J.A.
T1 - Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si, Part V: Results of a CCQM Pilot Study of Thickness Measurements
KW - SiO2
KW - Thin films
KW - Thickness
KW - XPS
KW - Ellipsometry
KW - TEM
PY - 2003
SN - 1473-2734
SP - 57 pages
AN - OPUS4-4118
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schnell, A.
A1 - Rübner, Katrin
A1 - Seher, Julia
A1 - Müller, A.
A1 - Liebezeit, S.
A1 - Fenner, J.
A1 - Martin, F.
A1 - Pniok, N.
T1 - REALight ‐ Leichtgranulate und REA‐Gips aus feinkörnigen sulfatbelasteten Bau‐ und Abbruchabfällen
N2 - Ziel des Projekts REALight ist die Entwicklung einer Referenzanlage zur Herstellung von Leichtgranulaten (leichte Gesteinskörnungen) aus Bau‐ und Abbruchabfällen und zur Gipsrückgewinnung. Als Rohstoffe werden bisher ungenutzte oder auf niedrigem Niveau eingesetzte Bau‐ und Abbruchabfälle und industrielle Nebenprodukte verwendet. Als Produkte werden leichte Gesteinskörnungen hergestellt. Die Sulfatabtrennung durch eine thermische Zersetzung bildet die Grundlage für die zusätzliche Gewinnung von Rauchgasentschwefelungs‐Gips (REA‐Gips). Das Projekt wird im Rahmen der Fördermaßnahme „Ressourceneffiziente Kreislaufwirtschaft – Bauen und Mineralische Stoffkreisläufe (ReMin)” gefördert. ReMin ist eine Maßnahme zur Umsetzung des BMBF‐Forschungskonzepts „Ressourceneffiziente Kreislaufwirtschaft” als Teil der BMBF Strategie „Forschung für nachhaltige Entwicklung – FONA”. Ziel der Förderung ist es, den Ausbau der Kreislaufwirtschaft voranzutreiben. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Bauwirtschaft mit ihrer hohen Nachfrage nach Rohstoffen und gleichzeitig großen Mengen an anfallenden mineralischen Abfällen. Am Projekt REALight sind 12 Partner aus verschiedenen Bereichen der Baustoffherstellung und ‐anwendung, Abfallaufbereitung, Verfahrenstechnik sowie Forschung und Entwicklung beteiligt.
T2 - 21. Internationale Baustofftagung (ibausil)
CY - Weimar, Germany
DA - 13.09.2023
KW - Baustoffrecycling
KW - Leichtgranulate
KW - Gips
KW - Leichte Gesteinskörnungen
KW - Drehrohrofen
KW - Recycling
KW - Mauerwerkbruch
KW - Infraleichtbeton
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-591708
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2840
SN - 2509-7075
VL - 6
IS - 6
SP - 530
EP - 536
PB - Ernst & Sohn
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-59170
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Jakob, B.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Häringer, D.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Loubet, F.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by means of sensor systems, the European Project SysPAQ
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - Sensor systems
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Perceived intensity
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 326
SP - 1
EP - 4
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-20106
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brüngel, R.
A1 - Rückert, J.
A1 - Müller, P.
A1 - Babick, F.
A1 - Friedrich, C. M.
A1 - Ghanem, A.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Mech, A.
A1 - Weigel, S.
A1 - Wohlleben, W.
A1 - Rauscher, H.
T1 - NanoDefiner Framework and e-Tool Revisited According to the European Commission’s Nanomaterial Definition 2022/C 229/01
N2 - The new recommended definition of a nanomaterial, 2022/C 229/01, adopted by the European Commission in 2022, will have a considerable impact on European Union legislation addressing chemicals, and therefore tools to implement this new definition are urgently needed. The updated NanoDefiner framework and its e-tool implementation presented here are such instruments, which help stakeholders to find out in a straightforward way whether a material is a nanomaterial or not. They are two major outcomes of the NanoDefine project, which is explicitly referred to in the new definition. This work revisits the framework and e-tool, and elaborates necessary adjustments to make these outcomes applicable for the updated recommendation. A broad set of case studies on representative materials confirms the validity of these adjustments. To further foster the sustainability and applicability of the framework and e-tool, measures for the FAIRification of expert knowledge within the e-tool’s knowledge base are elaborated as well. The updated framework and e-tool are now ready to be used in line with the updated recommendation. The presented approach may serve as an example for reviewing existing guidance and tools developed for the previous definition 2011/696/EU, particularly those adopting NanoDefine project outcomes.
KW - Nanomaterial definition
KW - Nanomaterial categorisation
KW - Nanomaterial regulation
KW - Nanomaterial legislation
KW - Decision support
KW - FAIRification
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571618
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13060990
SN - 2079-4991
VL - 13
IS - 6 - Special Issue "Identification and Quantification of Nanomaterials"
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel, CH
AN - OPUS4-57161
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Faghani, A.
A1 - Gholami, M. F.
A1 - Trunk, M.
A1 - Müller, J.
A1 - Pachfule, P.
A1 - Vogl, S.
A1 - Donskyi, Ievgen
A1 - Li, M.
A1 - Nickl, Philip
A1 - Shao, J.
A1 - Huang, M. R. S.
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Arenal, R.
A1 - Koch, C. T.
A1 - Paulus, B.
A1 - Rabe, J. P.
A1 - Thomas, A.
A1 - Haag, R.
A1 - Adeli, M.
T1 - Metal-Assisted and Solvent-Mediated Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Triazine Structures on Gram Scale
N2 - Covalent triazine frameworks are an emerging material class that have shown promising performance for a range of applications. In this work, we report on a metal-assisted and solvent-mediated reaction between calcium carbide and cyanuric chloride, as cheap and commercially available precursors, to synthesize two-dimensional triazine structures (2DTSs). The reaction between the solvent, dimethylformamide, and cyanuric chloride was promoted by calcium carbide and resulted in dimethylamino-s-triazine intermediates, which in turn undergo nucleophilic substitutions. This reaction was directed into two dimensions by calcium ions derived from calcium carbide and induced the formation of 2DTSs. The role of calcium ions to direct the two-dimensionality of the final structure was simulated using DFT and further proven by synthesizing molecular intermediates. The water content of the reaction medium was found to be a crucial factor that affected the structure of the products dramatically. While 2DTSs were obtained under anhydrous conditions, a mixture of graphitic material/2DTSs or only graphitic material (GM) was obtained in aqueous solutions. Due to the straightforward and gram-scale synthesis of 2DTSs, as well as their photothermal and photodynamic properties, they are promising materials for a wide range of future applications, including bacteria and virus incapacitation.
KW - XPS
KW - Triazine
KW - 2D
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c02399
VL - 142
IS - 30
SP - 12976
EP - 12986
PB - ACS American Chemical Society
AN - OPUS4-51203
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, A.
A1 - Goecke, S.-F.
A1 - Sievi, P.
A1 - Albert, F.
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - Laser beam oscillation strategies for fillet welds in lap joints
N2 - Laser beam oscillation opens up new possibilities of influencing the welding process in terms of compensation of tolerances and reduction of process emissions that occur in industrial applications, such as in body-in-white manufacturing. The approaches are to adapt the melt pool width in order to generate sufficient melt volume or to influence melt pool dynamics, e.g. for a better degassing. Welding results are highly dependent on the natural frequency of the melt pool, the used spot diameter and the oscillation speed of the laser beam. The conducted investigations with an oscillated 300 µm laser spot show that oscillation strategies, which are adjusted to the joining situation improve welding result for zero-gap welding as well as for bridging gaps to approximately 0.8 mm. However, a complex set of parameters has to be considered in order to generate proper welding results. This work puts emphasize on introducing them.
KW - Laser beam welding
KW - Gap compensation
KW - Process monitoring and control
KW - System technology
KW - Automotive application
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2014.08.149
SN - 1875-3892
VL - 56
SP - 458
EP - 466
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
AN - OPUS4-31437
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Albert, F.
A1 - Baum, S.
A1 - Goecke, S.
A1 - Müller, A.
A1 - Sievi, P.
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - Nahtgeführtes Laserstrahl-Remoteschweißen mit Strahloszillation - Beeinflussung der Schweißnahtanmutung, der Schweißnahtgeometrie und der Spaltüberbrückbarkeit
PY - 2013
SN - 0036-7184
VL - 65
IS - 9
SP - 631
EP - 635
PB - Verl. für Schweißen u. Verwandte Verfahren, DVS-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-29300
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tötzke, C.
A1 - Gaiselmann, G.
A1 - Osenberg, M.
A1 - Bohner, J.
A1 - Arlt, Tobias
A1 - Markötter, H.
A1 - Hilger, A.
A1 - Wieder, F.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P.
A1 - Banhart, J.
A1 - Schmidt, V.
A1 - Lehnert, W.
A1 - Manke, I.
T1 - Three-dimensional study of compressed gas diffusion layers using synchrotron X-ray imaging
N2 - We present a synchrotron X-ray tomographic study on the morphology of carbon fiber-based gas diffusion layer (GDL) material under compression. A dedicated compression device is used to provide well-defined compression conditions. A flat compression punch is employed to study the fiber geometry at different degrees of compression. Transport relevant geometrical parameters such as porosity, pore size and tortuosity distributions are calculated. The geometric properties notably change upon compression which has direct impact on transport conditions for gas and fluid flow. The availability of broad 3D paths, which are most important for the transport of liquid water from the catalyst layer through the GDL, is markedly reduced after compression. In a second experiment, we study the influence of the channel-land-pattern of the flow-field on shape and microstructure of the GDL. A flow-field compression punch is employed to reproduce the inhomogeneous compression conditions found during fuel cell assembly. While homogenously compressed underneath the land the GDL is much less and inhomogeneously compressed under the channel. The GDL material extends far into the channel volume where it can considerably influence gas and fluid flow. Loose fiber endings penetrate deeply into the channel and form obstacles for the discharge of liquid water droplets.
KW - Synchrotron X-ray tomography
KW - Gas diffusion layer (GDL)
KW - Microstructure
KW - Water transport path
KW - Pore size analysis
KW - Geometrical tortuosity
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.062
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 253
SP - 123
EP - 131
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
AN - OPUS4-29979
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bauer, L.J.
A1 - Wieder, Frank
A1 - Truong, V.
A1 - Förste, F.
A1 - Wagener, Y.
A1 - Jonas, A.
A1 - Praetz, S:
A1 - Schlesiger, C.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, B.R.
A1 - Kanngießer, B.
A1 - Zaslansky, P.
A1 - Mantouvalou, I.
T1 - Absorption Correction for 3D Elemental Distributions of Dental Composite Materials Using Laboratory Confocal Micro-X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
N2 - Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectroscopy facilitates three-dimensional (3D) elemental imaging of heterogeneous samples in the micrometer range. Laboratory setups using X-ray tube excitation render the method accessible for diverse research fields but interpretation of results and quantification remain challenging. The attenuation of X-rays in composites depends on the photon energy as well as on the composition and density of the material. For confocal micro-XRF, attenuation severely impacts elemental distribution information, as the signal from deeper layers is distorted by superficial layers. Absorption correction and quantification of fluorescence measurements in heterogeneous composite samples have so far not been reported. Here, an absorption correction approach for confocal micro-XRF combining density information from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) data with laboratory X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and synchrotron transmission measurements is presented. The energy dependency of the probing volume is considered during the correction. The methodology is demonstrated on a model composite sample consisting of a bovine tooth with a clinically used restoration material.
KW - Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
KW - Dental composite materials
KW - Computed tomography
KW - Absorption correction
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601630
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00116
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
VL - 96
IS - 21
SP - 8441
EP - 8449
PB - American Chemical Society Publications
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-60163
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Trajkovski, B.
A1 - Jaunich, Matthias
A1 - Müller, W.
A1 - Beuer, F.
A1 - Zafiropoulos, G.
A1 - Houshmand, A.
ED - Eppel, S.J.
T1 - Hydrophilicity, viscoelastic, and physicochemical properties variations in dental bone grafting substitutes
N2 - The indication-oriented Dental Bone Graft Substitutes (DBGS) selection, the correct bone defects classification, and appropriate treatment planning are very crucial for obtaining successful clinical results. However, hydrophilic, viscoelastic, and physicochemical properties’ influence on the DBGS regenerative potential has poorly been studied. For that reason, we investigated the dimensional changes and molecular mobility by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of xenograft (cerabone®), synthetic (maxresorb®), and allograft (maxgraft®, Puros®) blocks in a wet and dry state. While no significant differences could be seen in dry state, cerabone® and maxresorb® blocks showed a slight height decrease in wet state, whereas both maxgraft® and Puros® had an almost identical height increase. In addition, cerabone® and maxresorb® blocks remained highly rigid and their damping behaviour was not influenced by the water. On the other hand, both maxgraft® and Puros® had a strong increase in their molecular mobility with different damping behaviour profiles during the wet state. A high-speed microscopical imaging system was used to analyze the hydrophilicity in several naturally derived (cerabone®, Bio-Oss®, NuOss®, SIC® nature graft) and synthetic DBGS granules (maxresorb®, BoneCeramic®, NanoBone®, Ceros®). The highest level of hydrophilicity was detected in cerabone® and maxresorb®, while Bio-Oss® and BoneCeramic® had the lowest level of hydrophilicity among both naturally derived and synthetic DBGS groups. Deviations among the DBGS were also addressed via physicochemical differences recorded by Micro Computed Tomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray powder Diffractometry, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Such DBGS variations could influence the volume stability at the grafting site, handling as well as the speed of vascularization and bone regeneration. Therefore, this study initiates a new insight into the DBGS differences and their importance for successful clinical results.
KW - Biomaterials
KW - Bone grafting
KW - Bone substitutes
KW - Hydrophilicity
KW - Mechanical analysis
PY - 2018
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-439890
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020215
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 11
IS - 2
SP - Article 215, 1
EP - 19
PB - MDPI AG
CY - Basel, Switzerland
AN - OPUS4-43989
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Masendorf, R.
A1 - Müller, C.
A1 - Henkel, C.
A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth
A1 - Klubberg, F.
A1 - Scholz, A.
A1 - Wagener, R.
ED - Borsutzki, M.
ED - Moninger, G.
T1 - DIN 50100 Schwingfestigkeitsversuch - Aktueller Stand der Überarbeitung
N2 - DIN 50100 definiert die Bedingungen für den Schwingfestigkeitsversuch, der zur Ermittlung von Kennwerten dient, die das Verhalten metallischer Werkstoffe und Bauteile bei zyklischer Beanspruchung mit einer konstanten Lastamplitude beschreiben (Wöhlerversuch). Die Norm umfasst die Versuchsdurchführung, die Versuchsauswertung sowie die Dokumentation von lastgeregelten Wöhlerversuchen im Zeit- und Langzeitfestigkeitsbereich. Mit DIN 50100 soll erreicht werden, dass die Wöhlerlinien verschiedener Prüfstellen miteinander vergleichbar und die wesentlichen Randbedingungen der Versuchsdurchführung dokumentiert werden. Da die Ergebnisse von Schwingfestigkeitsversuchen streuen, ist die Treffsicherheit für die Schätzung der Kennwerte von der Anzahl der Versuche einer Versuchsreihe abhängig. In Abhängigkeit von einer geforderten Treffsicherheit wird durch die DIN 50100 der erforderliche Stichprobenumfang vorgegeben.
T2 - Tagung Werkstoffprüfung 2014 - Fortschritte in der Werkstoffprüfung für Forschung und Praxis
CY - Bad Neuenahr, Germany
DA - 03.12.2015
PY - 2015
SN - 978-3-514-00816-8
SP - 175
EP - 180
PB - Verlag Stahleisen
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-35176
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Karsten
A1 - Favre, A.
A1 - Hilbert, F.
A1 - Quercetti, Thomas
A1 - Neumeyer, Tino
A1 - Weingart, Barbara
T1 - Prototype testing of a protective structural packaging for 30B cylinder
N2 - Three drop test campaigns have been performed with DN 30 Protective Structural Packaging (PSP) developed by DAHER NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES GmbH for the transport of natural, enriched and reprocessed uranium hexafluoride (up to 5 wt%) in 30B cylinders.
The mechanical prototype testing is intended to demonstrate that the package DN30 complies with regulatory requirements under normal and hypothetical accident conditions of transport (NCT, ACT) relevant to IF, AF and B(U)F packages, respectively.
The paper includes the results of the latest test campaign carried out in 2015-2016 at the drop test facility of BAM, Germany with new full scale prototypes of the DN30 PSP and 30B cylinders. Repetition of drop test sequences became necessary after changing to Polyisocyanurate foam as shock absorbing material with variable foam densities. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of the UF6 content of the 30B cylinder is now simulated by a mixture of cement and steel grid as modified surrogate material; instead of small steel balls. The behavior of this new content simulation is assumed to be more realistic with respect to the properties of real UF6.
T2 - PATRAM 2016, 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials
CY - Kobe, Japan
DA - 18.09.2016
KW - Drop test
KW - Packaging
KW - Radioactive material
KW - Uranium hexafluoride
PY - 2016
SP - Paper 1018, 1
EP - 11
PB - INMM
CY - Deerfield, Illinois, USA
AN - OPUS4-37568
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dal Molin, E. S.
A1 - Henning, L. M.
A1 - Müller, J. T.
A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob
A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard
A1 - Bekheet, M. F.
A1 - Gurlo, A.
A1 - Simon, U.
T1 - Robocasting of ordered mesoporous silica‐based monoliths: Rheological, textural, and mechanical characterization
N2 - Hierarchically porous, high‐surface‐area silica materials are excellent candidates for multiple applications like catalysis and environmental remediation. Shaping these materials with additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, like robocasting, could enable their use with the benefit of on‐demand, customized shaping and maximizing performance. Herein, ordered mesoporous silica COK‐12 slurries were robocasted into monoliths, containing different ratios of uncalcined COK‐12 and sodium bentonite (0–25 wt.%). The rheology of the mixed slurries is characterized by lower flow indexes (0.69 vs. 0.32) and higher yield stresses (96 vs. 259 Pa) compared to pure COK‐12 ones. Monoliths were printed in woodpile structures and calcined at 600°C. Micro‐CT measurements showed a linear shrinkage of 25% after calcination. Mechanical characterization showed increased uniaxial strength (0.20 ± 0.07 to 1.0 ± 0.3 MPa) with increasing binder/solids ratio from 13 to 25%. The amorphous, mesoporous structure of COK‐12 was retained. The structures exhibited open porosities of 52 ± 4% and showed higher specific mesopore volumes, and increased average mesopore size (6 vs. 8 nm) compared to COK‐12. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering analysis revealed an increased lattice parameter (10.3 vs. 11.0 nm) and reduced wall thickness (3.1 nm vs. 4.1 nm) of the COK‐12 in the monoliths. These properties indicate suitability for their application as porous supports and adsorbents.
KW - Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
KW - Additive manufacturing
KW - OMS
KW - Porous materials
KW - Robocasting
KW - X-ray scattering
KW - MOUSE
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-582503
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300109
VL - 4
IS - 11-12
SP - 615
EP - 631
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
AN - OPUS4-58250
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Henning, L. M.
A1 - Müller, J. T.
A1 - Smales, Glen Jacob
A1 - Pauw, Brian Richard
A1 - Schmidt, J.
A1 - Bekheet, M. F.
A1 - Gurlo, A.
A1 - Simon, U.
T1 - Hierarchically porous and mechanically stable monoliths from ordered mesoporous silica and their water filtration potential
N2 - Mechanically stable structures with interconnected hierarchical porosity combine the benefits of both small
and large pores, such as high surface area, pore volume, and good mass transport capabilities. Hence, lightweight micro-/meso-/macroporous monoliths are prepared from ordered mesoporous silica COK-12 by means of spark plasma sintering (SPS, S-sintering) and compared to conventionally (C-) sintered monoliths. A multi-scale model is developed to fit the small angle X-ray scattering data and obtain information on the hexagonal lattice parameters, pore sizes from the macro to the micro range, as well as the dimensions of the silica population. For both sintering techniques, the overall mesoporosity, hexagonal pore ordering, and amorphous character are preserved. The monoliths' porosity (77–49%), mesopore size (6.2–5.2 nm), pore volume (0.50–0.22 g cm-3
), and specific surface area (451–180 m2 g-1) decrease with increasing processing temperature and pressure. While the difference in porosity is enhanced, the
structural parameters between the C-and S-sintered monoliths are largely converging at 900 C, except for the mesopore size and lattice parameter, whose dimensions are more extensively preserved in the
S-sintered monoliths, however, coming along with larger deviations from the theoretical lattice. Their higher mechanical properties (biaxial strength up to 49 MPa, 724 MPa HV 9.807 N) at comparable porosities and ability to withstand ultrasonic treatment and dead-end filtration up to 7 bar allow S-sintered monoliths to reach a high permeance (2634 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), permeability (1.25 x 10^-14 m2), and ability to reduce the chemical oxygen demand by 90% during filtration of a surfactant-stabilized oil in water emulsion, while indicating reasonable resistance towards fouling.
KW - SAXS
KW - Hierarchically porous
KW - Silica
KW - Water filtration
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-555928
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NA00368F
SN - 2516-0230
SP - 1
EP - 17
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
AN - OPUS4-55592
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Levandowski, G. V.
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.
KW - Sugar cane bagasse
KW - Chicken manure ash
KW - Thermochemical treatment
KW - Nutrient
KW - Plant availability
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895
VL - 10
SP - 895
EP - 6
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-50973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Thieme-Hack, M.
A1 - Berghaus, U.
A1 - Brümmer, F.
A1 - Elsner, U.
A1 - Färber, C.
A1 - Frank, D.
A1 - Illgas, M.
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Kathage, J.
A1 - Leers, A.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Röger-Göpfert, C.
A1 - Russland, H.-J.
A1 - Schnabel, B.
A1 - Schneider, O.
A1 - Schockmann, D.
A1 - Schomakers, H.
A1 - Schwalbe, D.
A1 - Stegemann, D.
A1 - van den Berg, T.
A1 - Kramps, S.
T1 - Fachbericht Kunststoffsportböden - Nachhaltige Kunststoffbelagsauswahl für Sportfreianlagen
N2 - Kunststoff- und Kunststoffrasenflächen kommt bei intensiv genutzten Flächen als Allwetterbeläge eine große Bedeutung zu. Sie leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Absicherung eines ganzjähriger Sportangebote.
Gerade Kunststoffrasen ist aber in den letzten Jahren häufig in die Kritik geraten, insbesondere durch gefährliche Inhaltsstoffe und andere negative Einflüsse auf die Umwelt. Dies hat bei Bauherren zu einer Verunsicherung geführt und Fragen aufgeworfen, die erst teilweise beantwortet sind. Die Diskussionen rund um diesen Allwetterbelag haben bereits dazu geführt, dass von Seiten der Industrie viel verändert wurde und neue innovative Lösungen gefunden werden.
Der Fachbericht stellt eine Handreichung für Fachleute und interessierte Laien dar, um mehr Klarheit besonders hinsichtlich der Umweltanforderungen zu erzielen.
KW - Kunststoffsportbeläge
KW - Kunstrasen
KW - Umweltverträglichkeit
KW - Schadstofftransfer
KW - Mikroplastik
PY - 2022
UR - https://shop.fll.de/de/fachbericht-kunststoffsportboeden-broschuere.html
SP - 1
EP - 70
PB - Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau (FLL)
CY - Bonn
AN - OPUS4-54390
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Léonard, F.
A1 - Lange, A.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - On the Morphological and Crystallographic Anisotropy of Diesel Particulate Filter Materials
N2 - The determination of the anisotropy of materials’ microstructure and morphology (pore space) in diesel particulate filter (DPF) materials is an important problem to solve, since such anisotropy determines the mechanical, thermal, and filtration properties of such materials. Through the use of a dedicated (and simple) segmentation algorithm, it is shown how to exploit the information yielded by 3D X-ray computed tomography data to quantify the morphological anisotropy. It is also correlated that such anisotropy of the pore space Such anisotropy of the pore space is also correlated with the microstructure and crystallographic anisotropy of the material in several showcases: a microstructurally isotropic material, such as SiC, and some morphologically and microstructurally anisotropic cordierite materials. In the later case, the finer the grain size, the more isotropic the microstructure.
KW - Diesel Particulate Filter Materials
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-540705
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101380
VL - 24
IS - 2101380
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Wiley VCH GmbH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-54070
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kind, L.
A1 - Plamper, F.A.
A1 - Göbel, R.
A1 - Mantion, Alexandre
A1 - Müller, A. H. E.
A1 - Pieles, U.
A1 - Taubert, A.
A1 - Meier, W.
T1 - Silsesquioxane/polyamine nanoparticle-templated formation of star- or raspberry-like silica nanoparticles
KW - Silica nanoparticles
KW - 3D TEM
KW - Star-shaped nanoparticles
KW - Raspberry-shaped nanoparticles
PY - 2009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/la900229n
SN - 0743-7463
SN - 1520-5827
VL - 25
IS - 12
SP - 7109
EP - 7115
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-19580
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kunz, C.
A1 - Büttner, T.N.
A1 - Naumann, B.
A1 - Boehm, A.V.
A1 - Gnecco, E.
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Neumann, C.
A1 - Turchanin, A.
A1 - Müller, F.A.
A1 - Gräf, S.
T1 - Large-area fabrication of low- and high-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures on carbon fibers
N2 - The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were investigated on carbon fibers under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength λ = 1025 nm. The LIPSS were fabricated in an air environment at normal incidence with different values of the laser peak fluence and number of pulses per spot. The morphology of the generated structures was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Fast-Fourier transform analyses. Moreover, the material structure and the surface chemistry of the carbon fibers before and after laser irradiation was analyzed by micro Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Large areas in the cm2 range of carbon fiber arrangements were successfully processed with homogenously distributed high- and low-spatial frequency LIPSS. Beyond those distinct nanostructures, hybrid structures were realized for the very first time by a superposition of both types of LIPSS in a two-step process. The findings facilitate the fabrication of tailored LIPSS-based surface structures on carbon fibers that could be of particular interest for e.g. fiber reinforced polymers and concretes.
KW - Fs-Laser
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Carbon fibers
KW - Large area structuring
PY - 2018
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622318302781
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.035
SN - 0008-6223
SN - 1873-3891
VL - 133
SP - 176
EP - 185
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-44625
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wolff, M.
A1 - Wonneberger, R.
A1 - Freiberg, K.E.
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
A1 - Giebeler, L.
A1 - Koitzsch, A.
A1 - Kunz, C.
A1 - Weber, H.
A1 - Hufenbach, J.K.
A1 - Müller, F.A.
A1 - Gräf, S.
T1 - Formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures on Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with different chemical composition
N2 - Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are amorphous metal alloys known for their unique physical and mechanical properties. In the present study, the formation of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the Zr-based BMGs Zr46Cu46Al8, Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 (Vit105) and Zr57Cu15.4Al10Ni12.6Nb5 (Vit106) was investigated as a function of their different chemical composition. For this purpose, LIPSS were generated on the sample surfaces in an air environment by fs-laser irradiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 100 kHz). The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the impact of LIPSS formation on the structure and chemical surface composition was analyzed before and after fs-laser irradiation by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Despite the different chemical composition of the investigated BMGs, the fs-laser irradiation resulted in almost similar properties of the generated LIPSS patterns. In the case of Zr61Cu25Al12Ti2, Vit105 and Vit106, the surface analysis revealed the preservation of the amorphous state of the materials during fs-laser irradiation. The study demonstrated the presence of a native oxide layer on all pristine BMGs. In addition, fs-laser irradiation results in the formation of laser-induced oxide layers of larger thickness consisting of an amorphous ZrAlCu-oxide. The precise laser-structuring of BMG surfaces on the nanoscale provides a versatile alternative to thermoplastic forming of BMG surfaces and is of particular interest for the engineering of functional material surfaces.
KW - Bulk metallic glasses
KW - Femtosecond laser
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Chemical analysis
KW - Oxidation
PY - 2023
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-581799
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103305
SN - 2468-0230
VL - 42
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Elsevier B.V.
AN - OPUS4-58179
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wang, Y.
A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander
A1 - Schmidt, F.
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Schwitalla, A.D.
T1 - Micro-CT analysis and mechanical properties of low dimensional CFR-PEEK specimens additively manufactured by material extrusion
N2 - Material extrusion of thermoplastic polymers enables the realization of complex specific designs with high performance composites. The present study aims at evaluating the mechanical properties of carbon fiberreinforced semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer polyether ether ketone (CFR-PEEK) manufactured by material extrusion and correlating them with results obtained by micro-CT. Samples in the shape of small bars were provided by Kumovis (Munich, Germany). The determination of surface roughness and density was followed by three-point bending tests. To reveal the pore distribution as well as the fusion quality of CFR PEEK when applied with external forces, micro-CT scans were performed with an X-ray microscope before and after the mechanical test to localize the sites where the fracture is generated. The density of CFR-PEEK bars indicated that they had superior mechanical properties compared with our previous study on unfilled 3D printed PEEK (bending modulus: (5.4 ± 0.5) GPa vs. (1.05 ± 0.05) GPa to (1.48 ± 0.10) GPa; bending strength: (167 ± 11) MPa vs. (51 ± 15) to (193 ± 7) MPa). Micro-CT analyses revealed the local 3D-distribution of voids. Voids of 30 μm diameter are nearly spherical and make up the main part of the total porosity. The larger the voids, the more they deviate from a spherical shape. Significant lack-of-fusion voids are located between the deposited filaments. By growing and merging, they act as seeds for the forming fracture line in the region of the flexural specimens where the maximum local tensile stresses occurred under bending load. Our work provides a detailed analysis of printed PEEK with fiber additive and relates this with mechanical properties.
KW - CFR-PEEK
KW - Material extrusion (MEX)
KW - FFF
KW - Surface topography
KW - Bending property
KW - Micro-CT
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106085
SN - 1751-6161
VL - 146
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-58112
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, A.
A1 - Goecke, S.F.
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - Laser beam oscillation for fillet welding
N2 - In todays automotive frame-and-body construction, laser welds are typically carried out as square butt welds in lap joints. These welds are increasingly produced by remote laser welding optics with working distances of 500 mm and more. This enables simple path programming because clamping devices are traversed over and therefore low cycle times with improved productivity is achieved. However, workpiece tolerances lead to part displacements and varying joint positions over time. These displacements have to be acted against by appropriate flange length that contain for positioning deviations. Using this concept, aspired light-weight optimisations, e.g. reducing flange length, are difficult to achieve. By using seam tracking sensors, part tolerances are automatically detected and counteracted for. In addition, joint edge detection allows constructive changes on the type of weld. Fillet welds reduce flange lengths', improve force flow and open up possibilities for visual quality monitoring. Apart from that, vertical displacements in the form of height tolerances still occur. This needs consideration by adapting the set of welding parameter to the current welding situation. In this respect, one main welding parameter is the lateral beam offset to the upper sheet. Since body-in-white welding applications mainly comprise of zinc-coated steel sheets, special requirements for the welding process are given. Especially zero-gap-welding and welding of joints with gaps larger than 0.2 mm are critical. Using a laser beam oscillation process can stabilise these situations. Approaches to finding parameter sets are presented in this paper.
KW - Laser beams
KW - Welding
KW - Fillet welds
KW - Gap
KW - Process procedures
KW - Monitoring systems
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-014-0165-4
SN - 0043-2288
SN - 1878-6669
VL - 58
IS - 6
SP - 865
EP - 872
PB - Springer
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-32075
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, A.
A1 - Goecke, S.F.
A1 - Rethmeier, Michael
T1 - Laser beam oscillation welding for automotive applications
N2 - Laser beam oscillation, applied one- or two-dimensional to the actual welding process, influences the welding process in terms of compensation of tolerances and reduction of process emissions like spatter and melt ejections that occur in industrial applications, such as in body-in-white manufacturing. If the welding process could be adapted to these tolerances by the momentarily demanded melt pool width to generate sufficient melt volume or to influence melt pool dynamics, e.g. for a better degassing, laser welding would become more robust. However, beam oscillation results are highly dependent on the natural frequency of the melt pool, the used spot diameter and the oscillation speed of the laser beam. The conducted investigations with an oscillated 300 μm laser spot show that oscillation strategies which are adjusted to the joining situation can bridge gaps to approximately 0.6 mm at metal sheet thickness of 0.8 mm. However, the complex behaviour of the melt pool has to be considered to generate proper welding results. This work puts emphasis on showing aspects of beam oscillation in fillet welding in lap joints.
KW - Automotive application
KW - Melt pool dynamics
KW - Adaptive welding beam oscillation
KW - Laser welding
KW - Gap bridging
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-018-0625-3
SN - 0043-2288
SN - 1878-6669
VL - 62
IS - 5
SP - 1039
EP - 1047
PB - Springer
AN - OPUS4-45774
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Waurischk, Tina
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Chen, Y.-F.
A1 - Contreras Jaimes, A.
T1 - Datengetriebener Workflow für die beschleunigte Entwicklung von Glas (GlasDigital)
N2 - Das Projekt GlasDigital wurde im allgemeinen vorgestellt, sowie die einzelnen Zwischenstände der verschiedenen Arbeitspakete aller Projektpartner präsentiert. Die allgemeine Porjektvorstellung ist auf deutsch. Die Zwischenstände der Arbeitsinhalte sind auf englisch.
T2 - PMD Vollversammlung
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 03.11.2022
KW - Oxidglas
KW - Robotische Glasschmelzanlage
KW - ML
KW - Ontologie
KW - Digitaler Zwilling
KW - Bildanalyse
PY - 2022
AN - OPUS4-56491
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mühler, T.
A1 - Helsch, G.
A1 - Heinrich, J.G.
A1 - Yao, Dongxu
A1 - Gräf, S.
A1 - Müller, F.A.
A1 - Günster, Jens
T1 - Strategies for the selective volume sintering of ceramics
N2 - The present study is dealing with the basic physics for a novel way to generate a free-formed ceramic body, not like common layer by layer, but directly by Selective Volume Sintering (SVS) in a compact block of ceramic powder. To penetrate with laser light into the volume of a ceramic powder compact it is necessary to investigate the light scattering properties of ceramic powders. Compared with polymers and metals, ceramic materials are unique as they offer a wide optical window of transparency. The optical window typically ranges from below 0.3 up to 5 µm wave length. In the present study thin layers of quartz glass (SiO2) particles have been prepared. As a function of layer thickness and the particle size, transmission and reflection spectra in a wave length range between 0.5 and 2.5 µm have been recorded. Depending on the respective particle size and by choosing a proper relation between particle size and wave length of the incident laser radiation, it is found that light can penetrate a powder compact up to a depth of a few millimeters. With an adjustment of the light absorption properties of the compact the initiation of sintering in the volume of the compact is possible.
KW - Additive Manufacturing
PY - 2014
DO - https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.174
SN - 0884-2914
VL - 29
IS - 17
SP - 2095
EP - 2099
PB - Materials Research Society
CY - Warrendale, Pa.
AN - OPUS4-32544
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -