TY - JOUR A1 - Morichi, M. A1 - Fanchini, E. A1 - Bruggemann, C. A1 - Perot, B. A1 - Ricard, D. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Developments and experiences of the CHANCE, MICADO and PREDIS projects in radioactive waste characterization N2 - Characterization is a very important step in dealing with materials and waste streams generated during the operational and decommissioning phases of nuclear installations, including nuclear power plants. Characterization allows differentiation between materials that can be released from regulatory control and those that require further treatment and conditioning to become a stable waste form suitable for future storage and final disposal according to its waste classification. Characterization is also needed in the pre-disposal stages of radioactive waste management to demonstrate compliance with the waste acceptance criteria of the facilities that will accept the different waste forms. This work will present the strategies developed and implemented by the three projects for in-depth and accurate waste characterization and investigation of the different radioactive waste packages considered. CHANCE, MICADO, and PREDIS will present their goals, the methods developed, the technologies used and the (preliminary) results contributing to the improvement of the safety and the data and information quality of the waste packages analyzed at the different stages of the waste management process. Special emphasis will also be given to complementary approaches highlighting the usability of the technologies, the accessibility of the data, and the problem-solving of the three projects within the European panorama. KW - Waste management KW - Radioactive waste KW - Waste chracterization PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-571872 DO - https://doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2022052 SN - 2491-9292 VL - 9 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - EPJ Nuclear Sci. Technol. AN - OPUS4-57187 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Mielentz, Frank A1 - Prabhakara, Prathik A1 - Baensch, Franziska A1 - Johann, Sergej A1 - Hofmann, Detlef A1 - Sturm, Patrick A1 - Stamm, Michael A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Multi-sensory monitoring and ultrasound for quality assurance at underground sealing structures N2 - Within the safety concepts of underground disposal sites of nuclear waste, engineered barriers play an important role. As these sealing structures have high demands concerning integrity, we aim at advancing the available construction materials, monitoring, and inspection techniques within the project SealWasteSafe. A specifically developed alkali-activated material is compared to classical salt concrete. A comprehensive multi-sensory monitoring scheme is used at 150-340 l specimens to monitor setting and hardening of both materials. All sensors are demonstrated to resist the highly alkaline environments. Besides cabled and wireless temperature and humidity of the materials, strain variations using fibre optic sensors and acoustic emissions are recorded over periods of at least 28 days, partly for more than eight months. After hardening of the specimens, further nondestructive evaluations using ultrasonic echo and thermographic measurements are conducted. Preliminary results proof the suitability of the tested sensors and clearly highlight differences between the tested materials. Particularly, the newly developed alkali-activated material shows lower acoustic emission activity indicating less cracking activity. Additionally, unique ultrasonic methods will enable better images of potential internal objects and cracks at in-situ sealing structures. A largescale ultrasonic system is optimised to reliably detect objects at a depth exceeding 9 m while still obtaining a good resolution. Modelling studies show the potential of further increasing the distance between individual transducer arrays. Additionally, a new ultrasonic borehole probe using phased arrays allowing for beam focussing is constructed and tested. Laboratory measurements at a halfcylindrical concrete specimen coincide well with the previous modelling. In total, the presented safe materials, detailed monitoring approaches and ultrasonic quality assurance methods will help to obtain safe sealing structures within salt as a host rock. The concepts can partly be transferred to sealing structures in alternative host rocks and will also be valuable for non-nuclear waste repositories. T2 - NDE NucCon CY - Espoo, Finland DA - 25.01.2023 KW - SealWasteSafe KW - Engineered barriers KW - Monitoring KW - Embedded sensors KW - Ultrasonic imaging PY - 2023 SP - 2 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-56928 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Martin, Tina A1 - Trela, Christiane T1 - Geophysical investigation of tailings dams - the TAILSAFE challenge N2 - One of the main problems in the assessment of the operability, stability and contamination potential of tailings facilities is the lack of data on subsurface materials, properties and structures. One key task in the use of geophysics is the selection of the proper methods for a given site/problem combination. Interpretation of the acquired and processed physical data (e.g. electrical resistivity distribution) into something useful for site assessment (e.g. contamination distribution) is another. In the TAILSAFE project (funded by the European Commission) we have worked with partners on the use of geophysics for tailings facilities inspection. DC and complex resistivity, ground penetrating radar, and spectral analysis of surface waves and multichannel analysis of surface waves have been used on dams and beaches. In most cases, our methods provided useful information on the subsurface structure, but the translation of geophysical values into geotechnical or other parameters is still challenging. KW - Geophysics KW - Geoelectrics KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Spectral analysis of surface waves KW - Tailings PY - 2007 SN - 0967-0513 VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 157 EP - 162 PB - EPP Publ. CY - Richmond AN - OPUS4-25080 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - THES A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Optimierung und Erweiterung der Parallel-Seismik-Methode zur Bestimmung der Länge von Fundamentpfählen N2 - Das Parallel-Seismik-Verfahren dient vor allem der nachträglichen Langenmessung von Fundamentpfählen oder ähnlichen Elementen zur Gründung von Bauwerken. Eine solche Messung wird beispielsweise notwendig, wenn ein Gebäude verstärkt, erhöht oder anders als bisher genutzt werden soll, aber keine Unterlagen mehr über die Fundamente vorhanden sind. Das Messprinzip des schon seit einigen Jahrzehnten bekannten Verfahrens ist relativ einfach: Auf dem Pfahlkopf wird meist durch Hammerschlag eine Stoßwelle erzeugt, die durch den Pfahl nach unten lauft. Dabei wird Energie in den Boden abgegeben. Die abgestrahlten Wellen werden von Sensoren in einem parallel zum Pfahl hergestellten Bohrloch registriert. Aus den Laufzeiten lassen sich die materialspezifischen Wellengeschwindigkeiten im Pfahl und im Boden sowie die Pfahllange ermitteln. Bisher wurde meist ein sehr einfaches Verfahren zur Datenauswertung verwendet, das die Lange der Pfahle systematisch überschätzt. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden die mathematisch-physikalischen Grundlagen beleuchtet und durch Computersimulation die Wellenausbreitung in Pfahl und Boden genau untersucht. Weitere Simulationen klarten den Einfluss verschiedener Mess- und Strukturparameter, beispielsweise den Einfluss von Bodenschichtung oder Fehlstellen im Pfahl. So konnte geklärt werden, in welchen Fällen mit dem Parallel-Seismik-Verfahren gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden können (z. B. bei Fundamenten in Sand oder Ton) und wo es an seine Grenzen stößt (z. B. bei Gründung im Fels). Auf Basis dieser Ergebnisse entstand ein neuer mathematischer Formalismus zur Auswertung der Laufzeiten. In Verbindung mit einem Verfahren zur Dateninversion, d. h. der automatischen Anpassung der Unbekannten in den Gleichungen an die Messergebnisse, lassen sich sehr viel genauere Werte für die Pfahllange ermitteln als mit allen bisher publizierten Verfahren. Zudem kann man nun auch mit relativ großen Abstanden zwischen Bohrloch und Pfahl (2 - 3 m) arbeiten. Die Methode wurde an simulierten Daten ausführlich getestet. Die Messmethode und das neue Auswerteverfahren wurden in einer Reihe praktischer Anwendungen getestet – und dies fast immer erfolgreich. Nur in einem Fall komplizierter Fundamentgeometrie bei gleichzeitig sehr hoher Anforderung an die Genauigkeit war schon nach Simulationen klar, dass hier ein Einsatz nicht sinnvoll ist. Dafür zeigte es sich, dass auch die Lange von Pfahlwanden und Spundwanden ermittelt werden kann. Die Parallel-Seismik-Methode funktioniert als einziges verfugbares Verfahren zur Fundamentlangenermittlung zugleich in den meisten Bodenarten sowie an metallischen und nichtmetallischen Fundamenten und kommt ohne Kalibrierung aus. Sie ist nun sehr viel breiter einsetzbar und liefert sehr viel genauere Ergebnisse. Die Simulationen zeigten noch Potential für Erweiterungen, zum Beispiel durch den Einsatz spezieller Sensoren, die zusätzliche Wellentypen empfangen und unterscheiden können. N2 - The Parallel Seismic (PS) method is used for determination of the unknown or undocumented depth/length of foundations, mostly piles. PS is an established but rather not commonly used geophysical technique, which has been developed several decades ago. Currently, this method is standardized in France and included in the FHWA method catalog. The principle behind PS is quite simple: an impulse is generated on top of the pile by a hammer stroke, generating elastic waves (mainly compressional) traveling downward through the pile. Due to the high impedance contrast between pile and soil, the main part of the energy remains in the pile, but some is transmitted as guided waves into the surrounding soil. After reaching the pile toe, transmitted/diffracted waves of nearly spherical front are generated. These waves are recorded by sensors (hydrophones or geophones) in a nearby borehole. From the first arrival times registered at the sensors, the apparent wave velocity is calculated, which is different above the pile toe (pile velocity) and below (soil velocity). In the conventional data analysis, the pile length is estimated based on the intersection of the two travel time branches, leading to a systematic overestimation of the length of the pile. This thesis provides a systematic treatise of the mathematical and physical foundations of wave propagation in piles and soil. Extensive numerical simulations and parametric studies have been carried out to investigate the nature of the wave-field and influence of measurement and structural parameters. The results revealed the range of applicability of Parallel Seismic, but also some limitations, e. g. in the case of rock socketed foundations or piles containing flaws. A new formalism for data interpretation was developed based on the simulation results, which takes into account the soil layers and the borehole inclination. This novel data interpretation scheme was used in combination with different data inversion methods. A comparison of the results showed that the commonly used Levenberg-Marquardt type least squares approach gives sufficiently accurate estimations in most common scenarios. The VFSA (very fast simulated annealing) method offers some advantages (e. g. avoiding local minima under certain conditions) but is much more time consuming. The new interpretation method was successfully validated using several sets of simulated data. It proved to be not only more accurate than all other available methods, but also to extend the maximum allowable pileborehole distance to 2 – 3 m. Besides the numerical study, several field investigations have been carried out for the purpose of this study and also in the framework of real world projects. The foundation types included secant pile walls and sheet piles. The method performed successfully in all cases but one: a highly accurate determination of the connection of a T-shaped footing. In this particular case, the inapplicability of the method was concluded after some preliminary simulations, thus avoiding unnecessary costs to the client. Performing simulations prior to the actual testing is recommended in dealing with all non-standard cases. Today, Parallel Seismic is the only method applicable on metallic and non metallic foundations which can be used without calibration. It has the largest range of all borehole methods. T3 - BAM Dissertationsreihe - 70 KW - Parallel-Seismik KW - Fundament KW - Inversion KW - Bohrpfahl KW - Längenbestimmung PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-883 SN - 978-3-9813853-5-9 SN - 1613-4249 VL - 70 SP - 1 EP - 221 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-88 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grohmann, Maria A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Buske, S. T1 - Geometry Determination of a Foundation Slab Using the Ultrasonic Echo Technique and Geophysical Migration Methods N2 - The ultrasonic echo technique is a frequently used method in non destructive testing for geometry Determination of concrete building elements. Important tasks are thickness measurements as well as the localization and characterization of built-in components and inhomogeneities. Currently mainly the synthetic aperture focusing family of techniques (SAFT) is used for imaging. These algorithms have difficulties in imaging steeply dipping interfaces and complicated structures such as steps and lower boundaries of voids. As an alternative two geophysical migration methods, pre-stack Kirchhoff depth migration and pre-stack Reversetimemigration (RTM)were tested in this paper at a reinforced concrete foundation slab. The slab consists of various reinforcement contents, different thicknesses and two pile heads. In a first step, both methods were evaluated with synthetic 2D data. In the second step, ultrasonic measurement data recorded with shear wave transducers on a line profile on the foundation slab were processed. The use of an automatic scanner simplified the measurements. A comparison of the geophysical migration results with those of SAFT shows, in particular for RTM, a significant improvement in the Imaging of the geometry of the foundation slab. Vertical borders were reconstructed and the location and structure of the lower boundary of the foundation slab were reproduced better. Limitations still exist in imaging the piles below the slab. KW - Kirchhoff migration KW - Ultrasonic echo technique KW - Synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) KW - Reverse-time migration PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-016-0334-z SN - 0195-9298 (Print) 1573-4862 (Online) VL - 2016/Band 1 IS - 35:1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer CY - New York AN - OPUS4-35838 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Köpp, Christan T1 - Monitoring and digital tools for pre-disposal handling of cemented wastes N2 - Multifaceted developments for pre-disposal management of low and intermediate level radioactive waste are undertaken in the EC funded project PREDIS. In work package 7, innovations in cemented waste handling and pre-disposal storage are advanced by testing and evaluating. To provide better means for safe and effective monitoring of cemented waste packages including prediction tools to assess the future integrity development during pre-disposal activities, several monitoring and digital tools are evaluated and improved. Both safety enhancement (e. g. less exposure of testing personnel) and cost effectiveness are part of the intended impact. Current methods to pack, store, and monitor cemented wastes are identified, analysed and improved. Innovative integrity testing and monitoring techniques applied to evaluate and demonstrate package and storage quality assurance are further developed. The work includes but is not limited to inspection methods such as muon imaging, wireless sensors integrated into waste packages as well as external package and facility monitoring such as remote fiber optical sensors. The sensors applied will go beyond radiation monitoring and include proxy parameters important for long term integrity assessment (e. g. internal pressure). The measured data will be used in digital twins of the packages for specific simulations (geochemical, integrity) providing a prediction of future behaviour. Machine Learning techniques trained by the characterization of older packages will help to connect the models to the actual data. As data handling, processing and fusion are crucial for both the monitoring and the digital twin model, all data (measured and simulated) will be collected in a joint data base and connected to a decision framework. Finally, the implementation of the improved techniques will be tested at actual facilities. An overview about various relevant tools, their interconnections, and first research results will be shown. T2 - 9th IGD-TP Symposium CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 20.09.2022 KW - Predis KW - Monitoring KW - Sensors KW - Simulation KW - Digital twin PY - 2022 AN - OPUS4-55827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Qualitätssicherung überschnittener Bohrpfahlwände mit der Ultraschallmethode am Beispiel der Schleuse Dörverden T2 - Bauwerksdiagnose 2012 an BAM Berlin, Praktische Anwendungen Zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen und Zukunftsaufgaben CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2012-02-23 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-26887 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - TAILSAFE: Investigation and Improvement of Tailings Facilities T2 - NDT-CE 2003, International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-09-16 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - TAILSAFE: Investigation and Improvement of Tailings Facilities T2 - XIIIth European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-08-25 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3833 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grohmann, Maria A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Büttner, Christoph A1 - Buske, Stefan T1 - Application of iterative elastic reverse time migration to shear horizontal ultrasonic echo data obtained at a concrete step specimen N2 - The ultrasonic echo technique is broadly applied in non‐destructive testing (NDT) of concrete structures involving tasks such as measuring thickness, determining geometry and locating built‐in elements. To address the challenge of enhancing ultrasonic imaging for complex concrete constructions, we adapted a seismic imaging algorithm – reverse time migration (RTM) – for NDT in civil engineering. Unlike the traditionally applied synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT), RTM takes into account the full wavefield including primary and reflected arrivals as well as multiples. This capability enables RTM to effectively handle all wave phenomena, unlimited by changes in velocity and reflector inclinations. This paper concentrates on applying and evaluating a two‐dimensional elastic RTM algorithm that specifically addresses horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves only, as these are predominantly used in ultrasonic NDT of concrete structures. The elastic SH RTM algorithm was deployed for imaging real ultrasonic echo SH‐wave data obtained at a concrete specimen exhibiting a complex back wall geometry and containing four tendon ducts. As these features are frequently encountered in practical NDT scenarios, their precise imaging holds significant importance. By applying the elastic SH RTM algorithm, we successfully reproduced nearly all reflectors within the concrete specimen. In particular, we were capable of accurately reconstructing all vertically oriented reflectors as well as the circular cross sections of three tendon ducts, which was not achievable with traditional SAFT imaging. These findings demonstrate that elastic SH RTM holds the ability to considerably improve the imaging of complex concrete geometries, marking a crucial advancement for accurate, high‐quality ultrasonic NDT in civil engineering. KW - Engineering KW - Finite-Difference Time Domain KW - Non-Destructive KW - Seismic KW - Migration KW - Ultrasonic-Echo Technique PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608744 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/nsg.12318 SN - 1569-4445 VL - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60874 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertola, N. A1 - Schumacher, T. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Bruehwiler, E. T1 - Early detection of structural damage in UHPFRC structures through the combination of acoustic emission and ultrasonic stress wave monitoring N2 - Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (UHPFRC) offers several advantages compared to concrete, notably due to the strain hardening behavior under tensile actions. Structures made of this composite material are lightweight and highly durable, thanks to the UHPFRC waterproofing quality. Nonetheless, the tensile behavior leads to a different cracking pattern than conventional concrete and is not fully understood yet. This paper presents a combined approach using both passive ultrasonic (US) stress wave (or acoustic emission) and active US stress wave monitoring to localize and quantify damage progression in a full-scale UHPFRC beam during experimental load testing. The proposed monitoring approach involves 24 US transducers that are embedded randomly throughout a 4.2- meter-long laboratory UHPFRC T-beam. Continuous monitoring enabled accurate localization of US stress sources caused by loading-induced cracking as well as from pulses generated by the embedded US transducers. This study shows that it is possible to predict the location and shape of the macro-crack that is linked to structural failure early on, i.e., just after the end of the elastic domain. This combined approach opens new possibilities to monitor the structural behavior and detect damage on UHPFRC structures before they affect the structural behavior in terms of deflection and strain. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 11.6.2024 KW - UHPFRC KW - Acoustic emission KW - Damage detection PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604708 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ewshm2024/papers/477_manuscript.pdf DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29698 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60470 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schumacher, T. A1 - Bertola, N. A1 - Epple, Niklas A1 - Bruehwiler, E. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Combined Passive and Active Ultrasonic Stress Wave Monitoring of Concrete Structures: An Overview of Data Analysis Techniques and Their Applications and Limitations N2 - Combined passive ultrasonic (US) stress wave [better known as acoustic emission (AE)] and active US stress wave monitoring has been shown to provide a more holistic picture of ongoing fracture processes, damage progression, as well as slowly occurring aging and degradation mechanisms in concrete structures. Traditionally, different data analysis techniques have been used to analyze the data generated from these two monitoring techniques. For passive US stress wave monitoring, waveform amplitudes, hit rates, source localization, and b-value analysis, among others, have been used to detect and locate cracking. On the other hand, amplitude tracking, magnitude squared coherence (MSC), and coda wave interferometry (CWI) are examples of analyses that have been employed for active US stress wave monitoring. In this paper, we explore some of these data analysis techniques and show where their respective applications and limitations might be. After providing an overview of the monitoring approach and the different data analysis techniques, results and observations from selected laboratory experiments are discussed. Finally, suggestions for further work are proposed. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 11.06.2024 KW - Ultrasound KW - Acoustic emission KW - Concrete KW - Stress PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604687 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ewshm2024/papers/824_manuscript.pdf DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29863 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60468 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Skłodowska, Anna A1 - Baensch, Franziska A1 - Lay, Vera A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Kühne, Hans-Carsten T1 - Acoustic emission monitoring for engineered barriers in nuclear waste disposal N2 - To safely dispose of nuclear waste in underground facilities, engineered barrier systems are needed to seal shafts and galleries. The material used in these barriers must be adapted to the host rock parameters. Shrinking and cracking must be avoided to provide a barrier with almost zero permeability. For repositories in salt rock environments, several types of salt concrete (SC) are possible construction materials. Within the project SealWasteSafe, we compared the behavior of an innovative alkali-activated material (AAM) with standard SC in their hydration and hardening phase. To monitor the microstructural changes within the two materials SC and AAM, acoustic emission (AE) signals have been recorded for up to ~250 days on 340-litercubic specimens. The phenomenon of AE is defined as the emission of elastic waves in materials due to the release of localized internal energy. Such energy release can be caused by the nucleation of micro-fracture, e.g., in concrete while curing or when exposed to load. The occurrence of AE events gives first rough indications of microstructural changes and potentially occurring cracking and thus, provides insights for structural health monitoring (SHM). The results show, that for the first 28 days after casting, less AE activity was detected in the AAM compared to SC. After 61 days, in the AAM material, the number of AE events exceeded those observed in the SC. However, the majority of the AE detected and located in AAM was related to surface effects, and not to microstructural changes or occurring cracks within the bulk volume. Additionally, the source location analysis indicated, that despite lower activity in SC, we observed some clustering of the events. In contrast, in AAM, the activity inside the specimen is randomly distributed over the whole volume. The monitoring results help to estimate the material’s sealing properties which are crucial to assess their applicability as sealing material for engineered barriers. T2 - 11th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2024) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 11.06.2024 KW - Endlager KW - Barriere KW - AAM KW - Akustische Emission PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-604699 UR - https://www.ndt.net/article/ewshm2024/papers/768_manuscript.pdf DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29834 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - NDT.net AN - OPUS4-60469 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Chapuzet, C. A1 - Ben Lagha, S. A1 - Zovini, C. A1 - Uras, S. A1 - Doupou, S. A1 - Köpp, Christian T1 - Assess potential technologies for implementation phase, considering cost-benefit ratio and availability (Technology Selection) N2 - Technology selection is an important part of the planning process when setting up a waste management programme. This continues to be crucial during implementation of the programme to evaluate if suitable technologies are being implemented. This Domain Insight document provides guidance on the assessment and selection of potential technologies for implementation during the pre-disposal phase of the waste management lifecycle, considering factors such as cost-benefit ratio and availability (EURAD Pre-disposal theme overview, domain 2.1.3, Technology Selection), as a part of the sub-theme “Planning pre-disposal management of radioactive waste in close cooperation with waste generators” (Planning) and, on the broader theme 2 “Pre-disposal Activities prior to geological disposal” (Pre-disposal). In the planning process for a waste management programme, it is critical for the waste owner to assess the feasibility of technologies for processing, storage, and monitoring, taking economic constraints into account and considering subsequent stages in the waste management lifecycle, including final disposal. In addition, technology selection must be based on the waste inventory that has been generated, planned waste stream composition and the evolution of resulting waste packages in storages. The accuracy, effectiveness and efficiency of the technologies deployed in a facility require periodic review and update, as needed, throughout the lifetime of the facility. KW - Radioactive waste KW - Management KW - Final disposal KW - Intermediate storage KW - Technology selection PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608795 UR - https://predis-h2020.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EURAD_PREDIS-DI-2.1.3.-Technology-selection.pdf SP - 1 EP - 16 AN - OPUS4-60879 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maack, Stefan A1 - Küttenbaum, Stefan A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst ED - Rogge, Andreas ED - Meng, Birgit T1 - Baulicher IST-Zustand zur Bewertung von Betonbrücken auf der Grundlage messtechnischer Kennwerte - ZfPStatik N2 - Das Projekt „ZfPStatik“ entwickelt eine Handlungsempfehlung zur Bewertung bestehender Bauwerke mit Hilfe zerstörungsfreier Messdaten. Durch die Bauwerksprüfungen können Unsicherheiten bei der Nachrechnung reduziert werden, wodurch realistischere Beurteilungen der Standsicherheit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit ermöglicht werden. Zudem wird die Entwicklung neuer Ingenieurdienstleistungen gefördert. Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren haben insgesamt das Potential, die Entscheidungsgrundlagen für die Beurteilung und Erhaltung bestehender Bauwerke zu verbessern. T2 - 11. Jahrestagung des DAfStb mit 63. Forschungskolloquium der BAM Green Intelligent Building CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.10.2024 KW - Betonbrücken KW - ZfPStatik KW - Bauwerksprüfungen PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-613290 SN - 978-3-9818564-7-7 SP - 303 EP - 308 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-61329 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Active and passive ultrasonic experiments with transducers embedded in concrete T2 - CARGESE summer School: "Passive Imaging and monitoring in wave physics: from seismology to ultrasound" CY - Cargese, France DA - 2015-05-11 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34376 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stähler, S. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Pirskawetz, Stephan A1 - Nowak, Thomas Rudolf A1 - Weise, Frank ED - Sens-Schönfelder, Christoph ED - Ritter, Joachim ED - Wegler, Ulrich ED - Große, Christian T1 - Detection of subtle changes in materials by Coda Wave interferometry T2 - Noise and diffuse wavefields workshop CY - Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany DA - 2009-07-05 KW - Coda wave interferometry Beton KW - Schädigung KW - Ultraschall-Transmission PY - 2009 SN - 978-3-00-027952-2 SN - 0947-1944 VL - II SP - 59 EP - 61 AN - OPUS4-20574 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cotic, P. A1 - Jaglicic, Z. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Effner, Ute A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Trela, Christiane A1 - Bosiljkov, V. T1 - Effect of moisture on the reliability of void detection in brickwork masonry using radar, ultrasonic and complex resistivity tomography N2 - The influence of moisture on the reliability of detection of larger voids in brickwork masonry was investigated using three non-destructive techniques: radar, ultrasonic and complex resistivity (CR). Radar and ultrasonic travel time tomography, as well as CR tomography, were performed over a specific cross section of a specimen containing a large void at a known position to determine the influence of different levels of moisture content in the brickwork on the wave velocities and the CR magnitude. We defined a numerical estimator to quantitatively determine the void detection efficiency from the images obtained when exposing the specimen to moisture. The results showed radar to be the most reliable technique for void detection in both dry and wet masonry, while CR performed much better in detecting larger air voids in wet masonry. KW - Radar KW - Ultrasonic and complex resistivity KW - Tomography KW - Masonry KW - Moisture KW - Void detection KW - Ultrasound PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-0011-3 SN - 1359-5997 SN - 1871-6873 VL - 46 IS - 10 SP - 1723 EP - 1735 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht AN - OPUS4-29991 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Bridge monitoring using embedded ultrasonics First results from the BLEIB reference structure N2 - The BLEIB reference structure The structure is a two-span, 24 m long inverse u-shaped post-tensioned concrete beam. Fibre optic sensing cables, RFID sensors and ultrasonic transducers are permanently embedded. Other sensing techniques (vibrational, optical, ultrasonic, mechanical) are applied externally. Tension can be adjusted. Loads can be placed at arbitrary locations. Limited damage is introduced to one span. The BLEIB reference structure is located at BAM‘s test site in Horstwalde, south of Berlin. Ultrasonic transducer before concreting. Embedded ultrasonic transducers 14 piezo transducers have been embedded before concreting. They are located in five sections, two close to the centers of both spans respectively and one above the central bearing. Load experiment and data evaluation In a first experiment load 2 (weight 2 t) was moved three times along the southern (right) span. The tension forces were modified as well. Ultrasonic transmission measurements were repeated over time and evaluated using Coda Wave Interferomerry (CWI), which determines correlation coefficients and relative velocity changes as subtle indicators for loads and other changes in the material. T2 - New mathematics for a safer world: wave propagation in heterogeneous materials CY - Edinburgh, UK DA - 12.06.2017 KW - Bridge monitoring KW - Ultrasound KW - Embedded transducers KW - Coda wave interferometry PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40578 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Katzenbach, R. A1 - Klingmüller, O. A1 - Hillmann, S. A1 - Willmes, Michael T1 - REFUND: Untersuchung von Bestandsgründungen für eine Entscheidung zur Wiedernutzung T1 - REFUND: Investigation of existing foundations and decision making before re-use N2 - Vor einer geplanten Weiter- oder Wiedernutzung von Bestandsgründungen stellt sich die Frage nach deren Lage, Geometrie und Zustand im Untergrund. Hierfür gibt es verschiedene Prüfverfahren. Die Abläufe bei Planung und Prüfung sind jedoch bisher nicht standardisiert und die Möglichkeiten bzw. Grenzen der Prüfverfahren den Planern wenig bekannt. Im Forschungsprojekt REFUND (2014–2016) wurden unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Normen und des Stands der Technik Ablaufdiagramme für die Planung der Wiedernutzung sowie die Untersuchung des Bestands entwickelt. Dies geschah getrennt für Einzel- und Streifenfundamente, Platten und Pfähle. An zwei Praxisbeispielen wurden die Abläufe getestet und optimiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einem Handbuch zusammengefasst. Es soll Planer und andere Verantwortliche bei der wirtschaftlich und technisch optimierten Durchführung von Wiedernutzungsprojekten unterstützen. N2 - Before re-using existing foundations they have to be investigated for position, geometry and condition in the subsurface. The procedures and protocols haven't been standardized yet. Capabilities and limitations of appropriate testing methods are not known to all stakeholders. In the frame of the research project REFUND (2014-2016) we have developed decision trees for the planning and the investigation process, separately for single and strip foundations, slabs and piles. The protocols were tested in line with two actual projects. The results have been compiled in a handbook, which will support planners and other participants in a technical and economical optimized way to perform re-use of foundations. KW - Fundament KW - Wiedernutzung KW - Entscheidung KW - Zerstörungsfrei PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.201700038 SN - 1437-0999 VL - 94 IS - 10 SP - 676 EP - 681 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-42615 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Goldschmidt, Sebastian A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Bienert, K. A1 - Schalk, H. A1 - Molkenthin, A. ED - Jacobsen, S. ED - Justnes, H. ED - Cepuritis, R. ED - Hornbostel, K. ED - Peng, Y. T1 - Quality control of hydrophobic coatings with an integrated marker element by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) N2 - Reinforced concrete structures are affected by damage caused e. g. by freeze-thaw effects or corrosion. Most damage processes are triggered by moisture transport including soluble substances. Hydrophobie coatings can be used for prevention of such damage, but quantitative on-site quality assurance methods are so far missing. A way to overcome this problem is to integrate marker substances into the coating, which can be detected by spectroscopic methods. Different types of marker elements have been tested. It can be shown that transition metals are best suited for the task. Currently a LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) System is developed for the measurement of penetration depth and content of the hydrophobic coating via the marker element in the peripheral zone of concrete. T2 - ICDC 2012 - International congress on durability of concrete CY - Trondheim, Norway DA - 18.06.2012 KW - Hydrophobic coating KW - Marker element KW - Quality control KW - Depth of penetration KW - Concrete repair KW - Pitting corrosion KW - Chloride KW - Exposure KW - Freeze-taw cycles KW - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy KW - Hydrophobierung KW - Laser Induced Breakdown Spektroskopie KW - Qualitätskontrolle PY - 2012 SN - 978-82-8208-031-6 SP - Session B 1, 1 EP - 14 AN - OPUS4-27527 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Taffe, Alexander T1 - Concept for a reference pile testing site for the development and improvement of NDT-CE N2 - Pile testing as a NDT-CE (non-destructive-testing in civil engineering) method provides information about the condition of foundations. It is also used as a tool for quality control. Real size test fields with sound piles, piles with flaws and piles connected with a foundation allow calibration of measurement devices and method comparison under "real" conditions. Such a site is planned on a BAM testing area south of Berlin. The joint use facilitates the establishment of the testing site as a national or European reference site. T2 - 6th International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE) CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-09-16 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ndtce03/papers/v026/v026.htm SN - 3-931381-49-8 SP - 1 EP - 6(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2757 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Ertel, Jens-Peter A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Grohmann, Maria T1 - Old ideas to improve pile integrity testing revisited and optimized N2 - Low strain pile integrity testing is an established method in QA of foundation piles. The technique is very effective and well accepted for larger flaws and length determination. It is part of standards and recommendations. Challenges exist for more complicated structures (e. g. pile walls, diaphragm walls, and pile under structures) and small flaws. Interpretation is subjective in many cases. Possible solutions, e.g. the use of vibrators instead of a hammer or application of several sensors instead of one have been proposed decades ago, but not used much in practice. In several projects we are working on the extension and optimizations of these ideas, based on input from other engineering disciplines. In the frame of the project PileInspect we are working with an international consortium on the use of vibrators instead of a hand held hammer. This allows the full control of input signals as well as the use of (semi)automatic classification routines from machine diagnosis. At BAM we are using a low cost vibrator and deconvolution routines to improve the results of classical low strain testing. In another project we are working on multichannel measurements with sensor placement along the pile axis. This can be used to determine the travel direction of certain waves (downwards or upwards) to improve the interpretation of measurements on piles below constructions or pile walls. The use of ideas adapted from geophysics („vertical seismic profiling“) are helpful. Both concepts are proven by simulations results and first field tests. T2 - NDT-CE 2015 - International symposium non-destructive testing in civil engineering CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.09.2015 KW - Pile inspect KW - Ultraseismic KW - Low strain pile integrity testing KW - Piles KW - Shaker KW - Deconvolution KW - Vertical seismic profiling PY - 2015 SN - 1435-4934 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-34716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Streicher, Doreen A1 - Stoppel, Markus A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert ED - Forde, M. T1 - Automated non-destructive investigation of railway bridge condition T2 - 11th International Conference and Exhibiton "Structural Faults and Repair - 2006" CY - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK DA - 2006-06-13 KW - Non-Destructive Testing KW - Automated scanning device KW - Combination of methods KW - Ultrasonic-echo KW - Impact-echo KW - Impulse radar PY - 2006 SN - 0-947644-59-8 SP - 1 EP - 8(?) PB - Engineering Technics Pr., CY - Edingburgh AN - OPUS4-12530 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mark, Peter A1 - Sanio, David A1 - Balzani, Daniel A1 - Curoșu, Iurie A1 - Hafner, Annette A1 - König, Markus A1 - Kuhlenkötter, Bernd A1 - Thewes, Markus A1 - Baille, Wiebke A1 - Hackl, Klaus A1 - Hagedorn, Philipp A1 - Meschke, Günther A1 - Nestorović, Tamara A1 - Neu, Gerrit Emanuel A1 - Sauer, Roger A1 - Tafili, Merita A1 - Vogel, Andreas A1 - Weber, Sebastian A1 - Wichern, Marc A1 - Wichtmann, Torsten A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Freitag, Steffen A1 - Menges, Achim A1 - Simon, Sven T1 - Modulares Wiederverwenden von Bestandstragwerken T1 - Modular reuse of existing load-bearing structures N2 - Natürliche Prozesse laufen im Kreislauf ab. Auf Vergehen folgt gleichwertiges Entstehen. Solch ein Zirkularitätsprinzip ist im Tragwerksbau nicht verankert. Nach Nutzungsende werden Bauwerke abgebrochen, falls möglich zerlegt und recycelt. Besonders davon betroffen ist die Stahlbetonbauweise mit ihrem enormen Baubestand. Abbruch löst ein fatales Downcycling aus, mit minderwertigem Betoneinsatz als Schüttgut oder Deponierung. Selten besiegeln dabei Tragfähigkeitsdefizite das Nutzungsende, vielmehr sind Nutzungseinschränkungen oder baurechtliche Schranken ausschlaggebend. Die Folgen sind eine enorme Verschwendung an Ressourcen wie Sand oder Kies, Treibhausgasemission zur Aufbereitung und Abfall. Wiederverwenden (engl. reuse) bedeutet ein erneutes Nutzen von Stahlbeton als Bauteil (Modul). Nicht mehr genutzte Tragwerke werden dazu in die noch tragfähigen Anteile zerlegt, in ihren Eigenschaften charakterisiert, aufgearbeitet und baukastenartig zu neuen Tragwerken zusammengefügt. Es entsteht ein kreislauffähiges Modulsystem. Der Sonderforschungsbereich 1683 mit Sprecherschaft an der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum befasst sich mit dieser Art der modularen Wiederverwendung und erarbeitet Entwurfs‐ und Reparaturkonzepte für Tragwerke aus wiederverwendetem Stahlbeton, automatisierte Charakterisierungs‐ und Aufarbeitungsverfahren sowie Prozessmethoden für Logistik, Dekonstruktion und die Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung. Der Beitrag stellt die Konzepte und Demonstratoren möglicher Tragwerke vor. N2 - Natural processes run in cycles. On decay follows full regeneration. Such circularity is not yet rooted in the principles of structural engineering. At the end of service, buildings are demolished and, when feasible, disassembled for recycling. This also applies to reinforced concrete construction with its vast building stock. Demolition triggers a fatal downcycling process in which the concrete is used as bulk material or disposed of in a landfill. However, near the end of service, capacity deficits are seldom the key factor; utilization limits or construction regulations are decisive instead. The consequences are an enormous waste of resources, such as sand or gravel, greenhouse gas emissions from reprocessing and waste. Reuse means the repeated use of reinforced concrete as structural components (modules). No longer needed buildings are deconstructed into load-bearing elements, characterized, refurbished, and assembled into new modular structures, creating a circular modular system. The Collaborative Research Center 1683 at Ruhr University Bochum is a multidisciplinary cooperation addressing modular reuse. It develops design and repair concepts for load-bearing structures made of reused reinforced concrete, automated characterization and processing, and processes for logistics, deconstruction, and sustainability assessment. This paper presents early concepts and demonstrators of such envisaged structures. KW - Wiederverwendung KW - Kreislaufwirtschaft KW - Stahlbeton KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Modulares Bauen KW - Automatisierung KW - Reuse KW - Circular economy KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Sustainability KW - Modular construction KW - Automation PY - 2025 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.70000 SN - 0932-8351 VL - 102 IS - 8 SP - 424 EP - 435 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-64015 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Ertel, Jens-Peter A1 - Grohmann, Maria ED - Stahlmann, J. T1 - Low-Strain-Pfahlintegritätsprüfung reloaded: Geht nicht doch ein bisschen mehr? N2 - Die beiden in dieser Arbeit dargestellten Beispiele zeigen, dass sich die Low-strain-Pfahlintegritätsprüfung noch über den bisherigen, schon sehr erfolgreichen Stand hinaus entwickeln kann. Der Einsatz von Vibratortechnik und passender mathematischer Methoden bietet das Potential, Prüfungen auch unter bisher nicht lösbaren Randbedingungen durchzuführen. Dazu gehören sehr schlanke Pfähle und Messungen bei hohem Störpegel. Der erhöhte Mess- und Auswerteaufwand ist jedoch im Einzelfall gegenüber dem erzielbaren Erfolg abzugleichen. Apparativ müssen noch Entwicklungsarbeiten geleistet werden, um einen einfachen und zuverlässigen Einsatz in der Praxis zu ermöglichen. Die Messung mit mehreren Sensoren entlang des Pfahls kann schon heute in der Praxis eingesetzt werden. In vielen Fällen lassen sich damit auch Messungen an Pfählen im Bestand durchführen, bei denen die konventionelle Pfahlprüfung aufgrund von überlagernden Signalen aus der aufgehenden Struktur versagt. T2 - Pfahl-Symposium 2015 - Fachseminar CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 19.02.2015 KW - Pfahlprüfung KW - Integritätsprüfung KW - Vibrator KW - Mehrkanalmethode KW - Dekonvolution PY - 2015 SN - 3-927610-92-5 N1 - Serientitel: Mitteilung des Instituts für Grundbau und Bodenmechanik - Technische Universität Braunschweig – Series title: Mitteilung des Instituts für Grundbau und Bodenmechanik - Technische Universität Braunschweig IS - 99 SP - 117 EP - 135 PB - TU Braunschweig, Institut für Grundbau und Bodenmechanik AN - OPUS4-32643 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Measurement of Sheet Pile Length by Pile Integrity Testing and the Parallel Seismic Method T2 - Symposium on Engineering and Environmental Geophysics (SAGEEP) CY - Keystone, CO, USA DA - 2010-04-11 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21166 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Crosshole Sonic Logging of Secant Pile Walls - A Feasibility Study T2 - Symposium on Engineering and Environmental Geophysics (SAGEEP) CY - Keystone, CO, USA DA - 2010-04-11 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21165 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Klingmüller, O. A1 - Schallert, M. A1 - Bobbe, A. ED - Petrukhin, V.P. ED - Ulitsky, V.M. ED - Kolybin, I.V. ED - Lisyuk, M.B. ED - Kholmyansky, M.L. T1 - Quality assurance of a secant pile wall using three different non-destructive test methods T2 - International geotechnical conference "Geotechnical challenges in megacities" CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-06-07 KW - Bohrpfahlwand KW - Integritätsprüfung KW - Ultraschallmethode KW - Parallel Seismik KW - Pile wall KW - Integrity testing KW - Cross-hole sonic logging KW - Parallel seismics PY - 2010 SN - 978-5-9902005-2-4 VL - 3 SP - 1131 EP - 1136 PB - GRF AN - OPUS4-21620 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Shokouhi, Parisa A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Zoëga, Andreas A1 - Barner, Andreas A1 - Schöne, Dieter T1 - Using ultrasonic coda wave interferometry for monitoring stress-induced changes in concrete T2 - 23rd SAGEEP Symposium on the application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems CY - Keystone, Colorado, USA DA - 2010-04-11 KW - Coda wave interferometry KW - Concrete KW - Beton KW - Stress KW - Ultrasonics KW - Ultraschall PY - 2010 SN - 1554-8015 SP - 650 EP - 654 AN - OPUS4-21570 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Quality assurance of a secant pile wall using three different non-destructive test methods T2 - ISSMGE International Geotechnical Conference, Geotechnical Challenges in Megacities CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-06-07 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21687 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Detection of Subtle Changes in Materials by Coda Wave Interferometry T2 - 10th European Conference on NDT (ECNDT) CY - Moscow, Russia DA - 2010-06-07 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21448 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Linder, S. A1 - Paasche, H. A1 - Tronicke, J. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Vienken, T. T1 - Zonal cooperative inversion of crosshole P-wave, S-wave, and georadar traveltime data sets N2 - In this study, we use and extend a recently developed zonal cooperative inversion approach and apply it to the inversion of three independent geophysical field data sets. We invert crosshole P-wave, S-wave, and georadar data sets acquired in sand and gravel dominated unconsolidated sediments to detect and characterize different sedimentary units relevant for an engineering or hydrological site characterization. The zonal cooperative inversion of the three traveltime data sets results in a single subsurface model, which is a geophysical three-parameter model (P-wave, S-wave, and georadar velocity) outlining the major subsurface zonation while explaining all input data sets. Comparing our zonal model to direct push (DP) logging data (tip resistance, sleeve friction, and dielectric permittivity) shows good agreement; i.e., the zones in our geophysical model largely correspond to major DP parameter changes. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the sparse DP data can be inter- and extrapolated to the entire tomographic plane which allows for further geotechnical and hydrological interpretations. This study illustrates that the zonal cooperative inversion approach is highly flexible and an excellent tool to characterize a variety of environments in terms of multiple physical parameters. KW - Seismic KW - Georadar KW - Direct push techniques KW - Crosshole tomography KW - Cooperative inversion KW - Site characterization PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.10.003 SN - 0926-9851 VL - 72 IS - 4 SP - 254 EP - 262 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-23266 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - SIP - Komplexe elektrische Widerstandstomographie T2 - DACH-Jahrestagung 2008 CY - St. Gallen, Switzerland DA - 2008-04-28 PY - 2008 AN - OPUS4-25016 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kruschwitz, Sabine A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Trela, Christiane A1 - Wöstmann, Jens T1 - Complex resistivity and radar investigation of building material: First results of field scale measurements N2 - Moisture ingress is one of major damaging factors for masonry buildings. As the complex resistivity (CR) is sensitive to textural properties as well as to the pore fluid chemistry of wet porous media, its non-destructive application can provide helpful information for conservators. In a comprehensive laboratory study it has been shown that CR might even be able to distinguish between salt content and saturation degree in only one measurement. The combined use of electrical and electromagnetic measurement techniques in two field-scale flooding experiments has shown some unexpected differences. Possible reasons are discussed and it is shown that bringing together the information of both methods leads to a clearer picture. KW - Complex resistivity KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Masonry KW - Salt and moisture damage PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.2478/s11600-009-0019-4 SN - 1895-6572 SN - 1895-7455 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 96 EP - 113 PB - Springer CY - Warsaw AN - OPUS4-20575 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wunderlich, C. A1 - Fischer, J. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Schallert, M. A1 - Klingmüller, O. T1 - Auswertung von Ringversuchen zur Vergleichbarkeit von Pfahlintegritätsprüfungen T2 - Fachtagung Bauwerksdiagnose - Praktische Anwendungen zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen und Zukunftsaufgaben CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2010-02-18 KW - Bohrpfähle KW - Ringversuch KW - Integritätsprüfung PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-940283-24-5 IS - DGZfP-BB 121 SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-20978 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Reverse Time Migration: A Seismic Imaging Technique Applied to Ultrasound Data T2 - NDE/NDT for Highway & Bridges: Structural Materials Technology (SMT) 2010 CY - New York City, NY, USA DA - 2010-08-16 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21835 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Traveltime inversion of parallel-seismic data for foundation lenght estimation T2 - EAGE Near Surface 2010 CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 2010-09-06 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21920 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Tronicke, J. T1 - Travel-time inversion of parallel-seismic data for foundation length estimation T2 - Near Surface 2010 - 16th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 2010-09-06 KW - Parallel Seismik KW - Fundamente KW - Pfähle KW - Inversion KW - Simulated annealing KW - Levenberg-Marquardt PY - 2010 SN - 978-90-73781-88-7 IS - P08 SP - 1 EP - 5 AN - OPUS4-22544 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Trela, Christiane A1 - Bien, J. A1 - Kaminski, T. A1 - Bernardini, G. T1 - Multi-tool inspection and numerical analysis of an old masonry arch bridge N2 - Complex special inspection of an old masonry arch bridge according to the Guideline on Inspection and Condition Assessment of Railway Bridges and numerical analysis of the structure are presented. The guideline summarises recommendations for the step-by-step investigation of railway bridges applying enhanced methods developed during the EU-funded project Sustainable Bridges. For the investigation of the arch barrel, the ballast parameters and the inner structure of the backfill behind the arch barrel a number of various advanced non-destructive and minor-destructive testing methods were applied. Deformation of the structure during load tests was measured using three independent measuring systems: laser vibrometer, LVDT and microwave radar. Results of calculations performed with 2D and 3D models based on FEM are compared with the field load tests. Sensitivity of the ultimate load of the structure to investigated parameters is studied in FE model. Some general conclusions according to methods of testing and modelling of masonry arch bridges are presented and discussed. KW - Masonry bridges KW - Non-destructive testing KW - Bridge inspection KW - Finite element method PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1080/15732471003645666 SN - 1573-2479 SN - 1744-8980 IS - NSIE_A_465075 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-22838 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Milmann, Boris A1 - Wöstmann, Jens A1 - Röllig, Mathias A1 - Feldmann, Rüdiger A1 - Täljsten, B. ED - Masoud Motavalli, T1 - Near surface mounted CFRP-rods - preparation of reinforcing measures and quality control by means of non-destructive testing T2 - 4th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE2008) CY - Zurich, Switzerland DA - 2008-07-22 PY - 2008 SN - 978-3-905594-50-8 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-17747 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Sabine A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Krause, Martin A1 - Bohlen, T. T1 - Reverse time migration: A seismic imaging technique applied to ultrasound data T2 - NDE/NDT for highways and bridges - Structural materials technology (SMT) CY - New York, USA DA - 2010-08-16 KW - Ultraschall KW - Rekonstruktion KW - Migration PY - 2010 SN - 978-1-57117-211-2 SP - 554 EP - 559 CY - Columbus, OH, USA AN - OPUS4-22543 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Meggyes, Tamás A1 - McDonald, C. A1 - Roehl, K. E. A1 - Witt, K. J. A1 - Debreczeni, Á. T1 - TAILSAFE - Investigation and improvement of tailings facilities N2 - Improperly built or managed tailing dams pose major risks to human lives and the environment. Research for risk reduction by new technologies including slurry handlings, stochastic modelling, development of a parameter framework as well as work on legislation and authorisation procedures will be done in the EC-funded project TAILSAFE. Focus of this paper is on geophysial techniques for structure investigation and monitoring. T2 - 13th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering ; 13e Congrès Européen de Mécanique des Sols et de la Géotechnique CY - Prague, Czech Republic DA - 2003-08-25 KW - Tailing dams KW - Hazards KW - Geotechnics KW - Stochastics KW - Geophysics KW - Monitoring PY - 2003 SN - 80-8676904-6 N1 - Serientitel: DGZfP-Proceedings BB – Series title: DGZfP-Proceedings BB IS - 85-CD SP - 179 EP - 182 CY - Praha AN - OPUS4-2758 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - PREDIS: Innovative ways for pre disposal treatment and monitoring of low and medium radioactive waste N2 - The EURATOM PREDIS project (http://www.predis-h2020.eu, last access:TS1) targets the development and implementation of activities for predisposal treatment of radioactive waste streams other than nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. It started on 1 September 2020 with a 4 year duration. The consortium includes 47 partners from 17 member states. The overall budget of the project is EUR23.7 million, with EC contribution of EUR 14 million. The PREDIS project develops and increases the technological readiness level (TRL) of treatment and conditioning methodologies for wastes for which no adequate or industrially mature Solutions are currently available, including metallic materials, liquid organic waste and solid organic waste. The PREDIS project also develops innovations in cemented waste handling and predisposal storage by testing and evaluating. The technical work packages align with priorities formulated within the Roadmap Theme 2 of EURAD (https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/TS2), Nugenia Global Vision (https://snetp.eu/nugenia/TS3) and with those identified by the project’s industrial end users group (EUG). The PREDIS will produce tools guiding decision making on the added value of the developed technologies and their impact on the design, safety and economics of waste management and disposal. Four technical work packages are focusing on specific waste types: metallic, liquid organic, solid organic, and cemented wastes. For the first three, the main aim lies in processing, stabilizing, and packaging the different waste streams, e.g. by using novel geopolymers, to deliver items which are in line with national and international waste acceptance criteria. In contrast, the fourth technical work package has a different focus. To provide better ways for a safe and effective monitoring of cemented waste packages including prediction tools to assess the future integrity development during predisposal activities, several digital tools are evaluated and improved. Safety enhancement (e.g. less exposure of testing personnel) and cost-effectiveness are part of the intended impact. The work includes but is not limited to inspection methods, such as muon imaging, wireless sensors integrated into waste packages as well as external package and facility monitoring, such as remote Fiber optic sensors. The sensors applied will go beyond radiation monitoring and include proxy parameters important for long-term integrity assessment (e.g. internal pressure). Sensors will also be made cost-effective to allow the installation of many more sensors compared to current practice. The measured data will be used in digital Twins of the waste packages for specific simulations (geochemical, integrity) providing a prediction of future behavior. Machine learning techniques trained by the characterization of older waste packages will help to connect the models to the current data. All data (measured and simulated) will be collected in a joint database and connected to a decision framework to be used at actual facilities. The presentation includes detailed information about the various tools under consideration in the Monitoring of cemented waste packages, their connection and first results of the research. T2 - Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 10.11.2021 KW - Radioactive waste disposal KW - RFID KW - Monitoring KW - Cemented waste PY - 2021 AN - OPUS4-54157 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bienert, K. A1 - Schalk, H. A1 - Molkenthin, A. A1 - Wilsch, Gerd A1 - Goldschmidt, Sebastian A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst ED - Grantham, M. ED - Mechtcherine, V. ED - Schneck, U. T1 - Quality control of hydrophobic coatings with an integrated marker element by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) N2 - Reinforced concrete structures are affected by damage, caused e.g., by freeze-thaw effects or corrosion. Most damage processes are triggered by moisture transport including soluble substances. Hydrophobic coatings can be used for prevention of such damage, but quantitative on-site quality assurance methods are so far missing. A way to overcome this problem is to integrate marker substances into the coating, which can be detected by spectroscopic methods. Different types of marker elements have been tested. It can be shown that transition metals are best suited for the task. Currently a LIBS (Laser Induces Breakdown Spectroscopy) system is developed for the measurement of penetration depth and content of the hydrophobic coating via the marker element in the peripheral zone of concrete. T2 - Concrete solutions 2011 - 4th International conference on concrete repair CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 26.09.2011 KW - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) KW - Hydrophobic coating KW - Quality control KW - Depth of penetration KW - Concrete repair KW - Chloride PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-415-61-622-5 SP - 805 EP - 811 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London AN - OPUS4-25151 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Helmerich, Rosemarie A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst A1 - Stoppel, Markus A1 - Wiggenhauser, Herbert ED - Mencik, J. T1 - The role of advanced non-destructive techniques in condition assessment of existing bridges T2 - 2nd International Conference "Reliability, Safety and Diagnostics of Transport Structures and Means 2005" CY - Parduce, Czech Republic DA - 2005-07-07 KW - Condition assessment KW - Non-destructive testing (NDT) KW - Scanning system KW - Impulse radar KW - Ultrasonic echo KW - Impact echo KW - Active thermography KW - LIBS PY - 2005 SN - 80-7194-769-5 SP - 111 EP - 118 PB - University of Pardubice CY - Pardubice AN - OPUS4-7695 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Multichannel Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) - Application to Geotechnics and Construction Materials T2 - Near Surface 2004, 10th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics CY - Utrecht, Netherlands DA - 2004-09-06 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-3973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - RUFUS - Re-Use of Foundations on Urban Sites - Ein EU-Projekt zur Wiedernutzung von Fundamenten T2 - Pfahl-Symposium 2003 CY - Braunschweig, Germany DA - 2003-02-20 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3830 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Evaluation of temperature influence on ultrasound velocity in concrete by coda wave interferometry T2 - International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, NDTMS-2011 CY - Istanbul, Turkey DA - 2011-05-15 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24111 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stähler, S.C. A1 - Sens-Schönfelder, C. A1 - Niederleithinger, Ernst T1 - Monitoring stress changes in a concrete bridge with coda wave interferometry N2 - Coda wave interferometry is a recent analysis method now widely used in seismology. It uses the increased sensitivity of multiply scattered elastic waves with long travel-times for monitoring weak changes in a medium. While its application for structural monitoring has been shown to work under laboratory conditions, the usability on a real structure with known material changes had yet to be proven. This article presents experiments on a concrete bridge during construction. The results show that small velocity perturbations induced by a changing stress state in the structure can be determined even under adverse conditions. Theoretical estimations based on the stress calculations by the structural engineers are in good agreement with the measured velocity variations. KW - Bridges (structures) KW - Concrete KW - Interferometry KW - Structural acoustics PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3553226 SN - 0001-4966 SN - 1520-8524 VL - 129 IS - 4 SP - 1945 EP - 1952 PB - AIP CY - Melville, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-28588 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -