TY - CONF A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Zakel, E. ED - Delhez, R. T1 - X-ray powder diffraction investigation of ternary Au-Cu-Sn alloys T2 - 3. European Powder Diffraction Conference CY - Wien, Vienna DA - 1993-11-25 PY - 1994 SN - 0-87849-682-3 SN - 0255-5476 N1 - Serientitel: Materials science forum – Series title: Materials science forum VL - 166-169 IS - 166/169 SP - 443 EP - 448 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf ET - 3 AN - OPUS4-12597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abdelkhalik, A. A1 - Askar, Enis A1 - Markus, D. A1 - Stolz, T. A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Zakel, S. T1 - Explosion regions of 1,3-dioxolane/nitrous oxide and 1,3-dioxolane/air with different inert gases - Experimental data and numerical modelling N2 - In this study, experimental determination and modelling investigations for the explosion regions of 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/N2O and 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/air mixtures were carried out and compared. The experimental measurements were carried out at 338 K and atmospheric pressure according to EN1839 method T using the inert gases N2, CO2, He and Ar. The results showed that the ratio of the lower explosion limit in N2O (LELN2O) to the lower explosion limit in air (LELair) is 0.52 and the ratio of the maximum oxygen content in air (MOCair) to the limiting oxidizer fraction in nitrous oxide (LOFN2O) is 0.36 ± 0.02 independent of the inert gas. When comparing the inert gas amount at the apex based on the pure oxidizing component, which is O2 in case of air, N2O-containing mixtures need less inert gas to reach the limiting oxidizer quantity whereas the efficiency of inert gases is in the same order. The coefficients of nitrogen equivalency however were found to differ to some extent. The explosion regions of 1,3-dioxolane/inert gas/oxidizer mixtures were modelled using the calculated adiabatic flame temperature profile (CAFTP) method as well as corrected adiabatic flame temperatures. The results indicate good agreement with experimental data for CO2, N2 and Ar- containing mixtures. The noticeable deviations that occur when He is the inert gas are due to the lacking transport data of that mixture. KW - Explosion limits KW - Flammability KW - CAFTP KW - Adiabatic Flame Temperatures PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104496 SN - 0950-4230 VL - 71 SP - 4496 PB - Elsevier Ltd AN - OPUS4-52849 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Zakel, S. A1 - Brandes, E. T1 - Reliable safety characteristics of flammable gases and liquids - The database CHEMSAFE N2 - The safety characteristics of flammable gases and liquids are required when identifying potentially explosive mixtures and taking appropriate actions concerning explosion protection. Examples are given here of the safe handling and evaluation of hazards during the processing, storage, transport, and disposal of flammable liquids and gases. The CHEMSAFE database is presented as a reliable source of safety characteristic data, and its new open-access version is introduced. CHEMSAFE currently contains assessed properties for about 3000 liquids, gases and mixtures. The lack of a broad experimental foundation in the extensive field of non-atmospheric conditions shows the need for further investigation and standardization. This article summarizes experimental evidence and estimation methods for safety characteristic data under non-atmospheric conditions pointing out current limitations. Suggestions for pre-normative research on safety data under non-atmospheric conditions are given. KW - Explosion protection KW - Safety characteristics KW - Classification KW - Flammable Gas KW - Flammable Liquid PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2019.07.002 SN - 0950-4230 VL - 62 SP - 103914 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-48547 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Zakel, S. A1 - Brandes, E. A1 - Schröder, Volkmar T1 - Safety characteristics of flammable gases and liquids – a review N2 - The safety characteristics of flammable gases and liquids are required when identifying potentially explosive mixtures and taking appropriate actions concerning explosion protection. Examples are given in this review of the safe handling and evaluation of hazards during the processing, storage, transport, and disposal of flammable liquids and gases. The CHEMSAFE database is presented as a reliable source of safety characteristic data, and ist new open-access version is introduced. CHEMSAFE currently contains assessed properties for about 3000 flammable liquids, gases and mixtures. The lack of a broad experimental foundation in the extensive field of non-atmospheric conditions shows the need for further investigation and standardization. This review summarizes experimental evidence and estimation methods for safety characteristic data under non-atmospheric conditions pointing out current limitations. Suggestions for pre-normative research on safety data under nonatmospheric conditions are given. T2 - 12th International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions CY - Kansas City, USA DA - 12.08.2018 KW - Explosion protection KW - Safety characteristic KW - Classification KW - Flammable gas KW - Flammable liquid PY - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 15 AN - OPUS4-46295 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -