TY - JOUR A1 - Hähner, P. A1 - Rinaldi, C. A1 - Bicego, V. A1 - Affeldt, E. E. A1 - Brendel, T. A1 - Andersson, H. A1 - Beck, T. A1 - Klingelhöffer, Hellmuth A1 - Kühn, Hans-Joachim A1 - Köster, A. A1 - Loveday, M. A1 - Marchionni, M. A1 - Rae, C. T1 - Research and development into a European code-of-practice for strain-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing JF - International Journal of Fatigue N2 - Thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing plays an increasingly important role in the design, the reliability assessment and the lifecycle management of safety critical components used, for instance, for power generation, in the process industry and in aeronautical and automotive applications, with a view to increasing the fuel efficiency, safety and service intervals, while reducing production (and material) costs. In a European Commission funded research project (acronym: TMF-Standard) of the 5th Framework Programme, 20 European laboratories have undertaken a joint research effort to establish a validated code-of-practice (CoP) for strain-controlled TMF testing. Starting from a survey of the testing protocols and procedures previously used by the partners, a comprehensive pre-normative research activity into various issues has been completed, addressing the dynamic temperature control, the effects of deviations in nominal temperatures and phase angles, the influences of temperature gradients, as well as the practicalities of test interruption and restart procedures. Meaningful allowable tolerances for the various test parameters were identified and practical recommendations as to the test techniques were formulated. From this a preliminary CoP was compiled and used to guide an extensive round robin exercise among the project partners. From the statistical analysis of that exercise, a validated CoP was derived dealing with strain-controlled constant amplitude TMF of nominally homogeneous metallic materials subjected to spatially uniform temperature fields and uniaxial mechanical loading. It is intended to give advice and guidance on the appropriate test setup, testing procedures and the analysis of results, in particular for newcomers in the field of strain-controlled TMF. This paper highlights some of the results of the TMF-Standard project. Moreover, commonalities and differences of the present CoP with respect to the standard documents for strain-controlled TMF, which have been developed at ISO and ASTM levels, are presented in this paper. KW - Thermo-mechanical fatigue KW - Ni-base superalloy KW - Standardisation KW - Test methods PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.01.052 SN - 0142-1123 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 372 EP - 381 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-17536 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tamberg, D. A1 - Thiele, D. A1 - Brodda, B. G. A1 - Lammertz, H. A1 - Coerdt, W. A1 - Mainka, E. A1 - Görgenyi, T. A1 - Stütz, A. A1 - Aigner, H. A1 - Deron, S. A1 - Kuhn, E. T1 - Evaluation of an interlaboratory comparison of the chemical assay of U, Th oxide coated particles T2 - IAEA safeguards: an introduction PY - 1981 SN - 92-0-179081-3 N1 - Serientitel: IAEA safeguards – Series title: IAEA safeguards IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 38 PB - IAEA CY - Wien AN - OPUS4-33362 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiele, D. A1 - Brodda, B.-G. A1 - Mainka, E. A1 - Görgenyi, T. A1 - Kuhn, E. A1 - Aigner, H. T1 - International Comparison of the Chemical Assay of Uranium and Thorium in THTR Fuel for Safegurards Purposes JF - Journal of nuclear materials PY - 1983 SN - 0022-3115 IS - 113 SP - 142 EP - 148 PB - North Holland Publ. Co CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-40817 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Frenz, Holger A1 - Gruhn, B. A1 - Dietrich, C. A1 - Lehmann, J. A1 - Krämer, E. A1 - Glaubitz, Steffen A1 - Wimmer, J. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Kühn, Hans-Dieter A1 - Breitkreutz, Konrad A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Hoffmann, E. A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Sphäroguß als Werkstoff für Behälter zur Beförderung, Zwischen- und Endlagerung radioaktiver Stoffe; Untersuchung zu alternativen Eignungsnachweisen - Fachband 3: Werkstoffuntersuchungen, 1989 - 1992 T2 - BAM Forschungsvorhaben 01507 N2 - Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit und ferritischer bzw. ferritisch-perlitischer Matrix gehören zu einer Werkstoffgruppe, die ausreichende Festigkeiten mit hohen Duktilitäten verbindet. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Kenntnisse über die Zusammenhänge zwischen der chemischen Zusammensetzung, der Gefügeausbildung und den mechanischen Eigenschaften erweitert. Dabei wurden sowohl unterschiedliche Gießverfahren (Sand- und Kokillenguß) in der Herstellung, als auch die Auswirkungen von Umwandlungsprozessen im Gefüge infolge von Wärmebehandlungen diskutiert. Die statistische Auswertung von Einzelergebnissen aus der qualitätssichernden Begutachtung von Lager- und Transportbehältern für radioaktive Stoffe wurden durch mechanische und bruchmechanische Untersuchungen an 24 Werkstoffsorten aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit ergänzt. KW - Eignungsnachweis KW - Endlagerung KW - Lagerbehälter KW - Radioaktiver Stoff KW - Sphäroguß (GGG-40) KW - Transportbehälter KW - Zwischenlagerung PY - 1992 N1 - Das Projekt wurde gefördert vom Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie (BMFT); Förderkennzeichen: KWA 79052. SP - 1 EP - 178 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59950 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoinkis, E. A1 - Röhl-Kuhn, Barbara T1 - In situ small-angle neutron scattering study of nitrogen adsorption and condensation in mesoporous silica glass CPG-10-75 JF - Journal of colloid and interface science N2 - Film formation and capillary condensation of nitrogen at 78 K on the mesoporous controlled pore glass CPG-10-75 have been studied at certain relative pressures by in situ small-angle neutron scattering. On desorption ramified clusters of vapor filled voids have been observed, but not on adsorption. The kinetics of adsorption and desorption have been followed. The experimental results are discussed with respect to recent theoretical studies of fluids in complex pore systems. KW - In situ SANS KW - Controlled pore glass KW - Vitreous silica KW - Adsorption KW - Capillary condensation KW - Percolation KW - Cavitation KW - Self-similar growth PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.08.044 SN - 0021-9797 SN - 1095-7103 VL - 296 IS - 1 SP - 256 EP - 262 PB - Elsevier CY - Orlando, Fla. AN - OPUS4-12521 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eschricht, N. A1 - Hoinkis, E. A1 - Mädler, F. A1 - Schubert-Bischoff, P. A1 - Röhl-Kuhn, Barbara T1 - Knowledge-based reconstruction of random porous media JF - Journal of colloid and interface science N2 - An evolutionary optimization technique is used to reconstruct digitized material models of 3003 nm3 size for mesoporous two-phase systems. The models are adapted to the two-point probability (TPP) and to a volume-based pore-size distribution (PSD) which were derived from SANS and adsorption experiments and which carry statistical information about morphology and topology of the pore system. To avoid extreme update-costs, the bulk of mutations are assessed by means of a suitable approximation of the PSD; it is demonstrated that a sporadic insertion of the PSD suffices to drive the algorithm towards satisfactory models in acceptable time. Our approach is knowledge-based in the sense that (i) the mutations are restricted to expedient exchanges of phase-voxels by a heuristic rule, and (ii) the sporadic calculation of the PSD from the current state of the model, in essence, provides an efficient self-control for the evolutionary process. We applied the method to reconstruct periodic models of the xerogel Gelsil 200. Such reconstructs of real mesoporous solids could be utilized, for instance, to verify theories of adsorption and capillary condensation. KW - Knowledge-based reconstruction KW - Evolutionary optimization KW - SANS KW - Pore size distribution KW - Two-point correlation KW - Porous media KW - Xerogel PY - 2005 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.004 SN - 0021-9797 SN - 1095-7103 VL - 291 IS - 1 SP - 201 EP - 213 PB - Elsevier CY - Orlando, Fla. AN - OPUS4-12522 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoinkis, E. A1 - Röhl-Kuhn, Barbara T1 - Application of percolation theory to the drainage of liquid nitrogen from mesoporous silica xerogel gelsil 50 JF - Langmuir N2 - Previous in situ small-angle neutron scattering studies of nitrogen adsorption and desorption at 78 K on the mesoporous silica xerogels Gelsil 50 and Gelsil 75 revealed the formation of ramified clusters of vapor-filled pores on desorption, which is characteristic for a percolation process. In the present work, we check whether the adsorption/desorption isotherm data for a monolithic sample of Gelsil 50 can be analyzed in terms of a bond-percolation model. Three powder samples were studied too. Percolation probability data are presented and the effects of heterogeneous nucleation, finite size, and surface clusters on drainage from Gelsil 50 are addressed. The mean coordination number was derived. The results of the analysis are discussed with respect to recent theoretical work for interactions of fluids with complex pore systems. The monolithic sample and a powder sample were characterized by small-angle neutron scattering data. KW - Percolation Theory KW - Adsorption KW - Desorption KW - Silica Xerogel Gelsil 50 PY - 2005 SN - 0743-7463 SN - 1520-5827 VL - 21 IS - 16 SP - 7366 EP - 7372 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-12523 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoetz, U. A1 - Deliolanis, N.C. A1 - Ng, D. A1 - Pauli, Jutta A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Kühn, E. A1 - Heuer, S. A1 - Beisker, W. A1 - Köster, R.W. A1 - Zitzelsberger, H. A1 - Caldwell, R.B. T1 - Usefulness of a Darwinian system in a biotechnological application: evolution of optical window fluorescent protein variants under selective pressure JF - PLoS one N2 - With rare exceptions, natural evolution is an extremely slow process. One particularly striking exception in the case of protein evolution is in the natural production of antibodies. Developing B cells activate and diversify their immunoglobulin (Ig) genes by recombination, gene conversion (GC) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Iterative cycles of hypermutation and selection continue until antibodies of high antigen binding specificity emerge (affinity maturation). The avian B cell line DT40, a cell line which is highly amenable to genetic manipulation and exhibits a high rate of targeted integration, utilizes both GC and SHM. Targeting the DT40's diversification machinery onto transgenes of interest inserted into the Ig loci and coupling selective pressure based on the desired outcome mimics evolution. Here we further demonstrate the usefulness of this platform technology by selectively pressuring a large shift in the spectral properties of the fluorescent protein eqFP615 into the highly stable and advanced optical imaging expediting fluorescent protein Amrose. The method is advantageous as it is time and cost effective and no prior knowledge of the outcome protein's structure is necessary. Amrose was evolved to have high excitation at 633 nm and excitation/emission into the far-red, which is optimal for whole-body and deep tissue imaging as we demonstrate in the zebrafish and mouse model. KW - Fluorescent protein KW - Quantum yield PY - 2014 DO - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107069 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - e107069-1 EP - e107069-12 PB - PubMed Central AN - OPUS4-31976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kelm, Jürgen A1 - Kühn, H. A1 - Klein, M. A1 - Wiesmath, A. A1 - Demco, D.E. A1 - Blümich, B. A1 - Gold, P.W. T1 - The NMR-MOUSE: quality control of elastomers JF - Journal of magnetic resonance KW - NMR-MOUSE KW - Double-quantum NMR KW - Quality control KW - Elastomers PY - 2001 SN - 1090-7807 SN - 0022-2364 VL - 19 SP - 497 EP - 499 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego, Calif. AN - OPUS4-1034 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -