TY - GEN A1 - He, Shulin A1 - Johnston, P. R. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter ED - Sandrelli, F. ED - Tettamanti, G. T1 - Analyzing Immunity in Non-model insects Using De Novo Transcriptomics N2 - With the advent of widely accessible and cost-effective next-generation sequencing technologies, it has become increasingly feasible to study insect immunity on a deep genomic or transcriptomic level. Here we introduce a protocol that is aimed at exploiting transcriptomic data to study immunity in non-model insect organisms. We provide instructions for an entire workflow, starting with successfiil extraction of insect RNA through to bioinformatic guidelines for the effective analysis of mRNA sequencing data. The RNA extraction procedure is based on TRIzol Reagent and a spin-column clean-up Step. The bioinformatic pipeline is intended to help users identify immune genes from de novo transcriptome data and includes guidelines for conducting differential gene expression analyses on transcriptomic data. The immune gene prediction method is based on inferring protein homologs with HMMERand Blastp and talces Advantage ofthe ImmunoDB database, which is a valuable resource for research on insect immune-related genes and gene families. The differential gene expression analysis procedure utilizes the DESeq2 package as imple� mented in R. We hope this protocol will serve as a usefi.il resource for researchers aiming to study immunity in non-model insect species. KW - RNA extraction KW - mRNA-seq KW - ImmunoDB KW - Immune gene prediction KW - Differential gene expression analysis KW - De novo assembly PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0259-1_2 VL - 2020 SP - 35 EP - 49 PB - Springer Science+Business Media CY - Luxemburg AN - OPUS4-53888 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tauber, J. P. A1 - Einspanier, R. A1 - Evans, J. D. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Co-incubation of dsRNA reduces proportion of viable spores of Ascosphaera apis , a honey bee fungal pathogen N2 - There are viral, fungal, bacterial and trypanosomal pathogens that negatively impact the individual and superorganismal health of the western honey bee. One fungal pathogen, Ascosphaera apis , affects larvae and causes the disease chalkbrood. A previous genome analysis of As. apis revealed that its genome encodes for RNA interference genes, similar to other fungi and eukaryotes. Here, we examined whether As. apis -targeting double-stranded RNA species could disrupt the germination of As. apis. We observed that when spores were co-incubated with As. apis -targeting dsRNA, fewer spores were activated for germination, suggesting an uptake of exogenous genetic material at the very onset of germination and consequent damage to essential transcripts needed for germination. Overall, these results indicate that the causative agent of chalkbrood disease, As. apis , can be successfully targeted using an RNAi-based strategy. KW - DsRNA KW - Honey bee KW - Pathogen KW - Ascosphaera apis KW - RNAi KW - Control PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2020.1754090 VL - 59 IS - 5 SP - 791 EP - 799 AN - OPUS4-52881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - von Laar, C. A1 - Baar, C. A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Genetic relationships of local infestations by Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum and their associated predator Korynetes caeruleus from buildings in North-Eastern Germany N2 - Wood-destroying pests such as Anobium punctatum and Xestobium rufovillosum cause damage to art and cultural objects as well as to buildings. Monitoring population dynamics of pest species as well as of their naturally occurring counterparts are an essential part in the development of biological control measures as alternatives to conventional wood protection. Therefore, both the dispersal and homogeneity of pest and beneficial insect populations across multiple sites and buildings were investigated in the present study using DNA barcoding. Specifically, beetles of Anobium punctatum (de Geer 1774) (Coleoptera, Ptinidae), Xestobium rufovillosum (de Geer, 1974) (Coloeptera, Ptinidae), and Korynetes caeruleus (de Geer 1775) (Coleoptera, Cleridae) were collected from buildings at four different sites in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, North-Eastern Germany. DNA analysis was performed using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). For A. punctatum, low base pair variability was found in the gene segment studied (4-5 SNPs) within one building (Greven) and between four spatially separated sites. Conversely, in X. rufovillosum, the sequences from two sites studied were homogeneous within a site but differed between locations by nine base pair positions (SNPs). The main result of this study is that the pests A. punctatum and X. rufovillosum showed a higher variability in the investigated gene segment than the natural counterpart K. caeruleus. T2 - IRG52 Webinar on Wood Protection CY - Online meeting DA - 01.11.21 KW - Anobium punctatum KW - Xestobium rufovillosum KW - Korynetes caeruleus KW - DNA barcode PY - 2021 SN - 2000-8953 VL - 21 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - The International Research Group on Wood Protection CY - Stockholm, Sweden AN - OPUS4-54197 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golian, M. A1 - Bien, T. A1 - Schmelzle, S. A1 - Esparza Mora, Margy Alejandra A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Dreisewerd, K. A1 - Buellesbach, J. ED - Appel, Arthur G. T1 - Neglected Very Long-Chain Hydrocarbons and the Incorporation of Body Surface Area Metrics Reveal Novel Perspectives for Cuticular Profile Analysis in Insects N2 - Most of our knowledge on insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) stems from analytical techniques based on gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, this method has its limits under standard conditions, particularly in detecting compounds beyond a chain length of around C40. Here, we compare the CHC chain length range detectable by GC-MS with the range assessed by silver-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (Ag-LDI-MS), a novel and rarely applied technique on insect CHCs, in seven species of the order Blattodea. For all tested species, we unveiled a considerable range of very long-chain CHCs up to C58, which are not detectable by standard GC-MS technology. This indicates that general studies on insect CHCs May frequently miss compounds in this range, and we encourage future studies to implement analytical techniques extending the conventionally accessed chain length range. Furthermore, we incorporate 3D scanned insect body surface areas as an additional factor for the comparative quantification of extracted CHC amounts between our study species. CHC quantity distributions differed considerably when adjusted for body surface areas as opposed to directly assessing extracted CHC amounts, suggesting that a more accurate evaluation of relative CHC quantities can be achieved by taking body surface areas into account. KW - Cuticular hydrocarbons KW - Blattodea KW - GC-MS KW - Ag-LDI-MS KW - Chemical ecology PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543530 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010083 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 2 EP - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz AN - OPUS4-54353 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Armitage, S. AO A1 - Genersch, E. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Rafaluk-Mohr, C. A1 - Rolff, J. ED - Milutinovic, B. ED - Armitage, S. AO T1 - Tripartite interactions: how immunity, microbiota and pathogens interact and affect pathogen virulence evolution N2 - The bipartite interactions between insect hosts and their bacterial gut microbiota, or their bacterial pathogens, are empirically and theoretically well-explored. However, direct, and indirect tripartite interactions will also likely occur inside a host. These interactions will almost certainly affect the trajectory of pathogen virulence evolution, an area that is currently under researched. The interactions within tripartite associations can be competitive, that is, exploitative-competition, interference-competition or apparent-competition. Competitive interactions will be significantly influenced by non-competitive effects, for example, immunopathology, immunosuppression, and microbiota-mediated tolerance. Considering a combination of these interactions and effects, will enable an increased understanding of the evolution of pathogen virulence. This new perspective allows us to identify several novel research questions, which we hope will be a useful framework for future research. KW - Tripartite interactions KW - Community-level interactions KW - Microbiota KW - Pathogen virulence KW - Host immunity PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/J.cois.2021.12.011 VL - 50 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Inc. CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands AN - OPUS4-54357 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sieksmeyer, T. A1 - He, S. A1 - Esparza Mora, Margy Alejandra A1 - Jiang, S. A1 - Petrasiunaite, V. A1 - Kuropka, B. A1 - Banasiak, Ronald A1 - Julseth, M. J. A1 - Weise, C. A1 - Johnston, P. R. A1 - Rodriguez-Rojas, A. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Eating in a losing cause: Limited benefit of modifed macronutrient consumption following infection in the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis N2 - Background: Host–pathogen interactions can lead to dramatic changes in host feeding behaviour. One aspect of this includes self-medication, where infected individuals consume substances such as toxins or alter their macronutrient consumption to enhance immune competence. Another widely adopted animal response to infection is illness-induced anorexia, which is thought to assist host immunity directly or by limiting the nutritional resources available to pathogens. Here, we recorded macronutrient preferences of the global pest cockroach, Blatta orientalis to investigate how shifts in host macronutrient dietary preference and quantity of carbohydrate (C) and protein (P) interact with immunity following bacterial infection. Results: We fnd that B. orientalis avoids diets enriched for P under normal conditions, and that high P diets reduce cockroach survival in the long term. However, following bacterial challenge, cockroaches signifcantly reduced their overall nutrient intake, particularly of carbohydrates, and increased the relative ratio of protein (P:C) consumed. Surprisingly, these behavioural shifts had a limited efect on cockroach immunity and survival, with minor changes to immune protein abundance and antimicrobial activity between individuals placed on diferent diets, regardless of infection status. Conclusions: We show that cockroach feeding behaviour can be modulated by a pathogen, resulting in an illness-induced anorexia-like feeding response and a shift from a C-enriched to a more P:C equal diet. However, our results also indicate that such responses do not provide signifcant immune protection in B. orientalis, suggesting that the host’s dietary shift might also result from random rather than directed behaviour. The lack of an apparent beneft of the shift in feeding behaviour highlights a possible reduced importance of diet in immune regulation in these invasive animals, although further investigations employing pathogens with alternative infection strategies are warranted. KW - Animal immune system KW - A key interface KW - Host and symbiont ecology KW - Behavioural mechanisms KW - Biotic environment PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-02007-8 SN - 2730-7182 VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-55002 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiang, Shixiong A1 - Marco, H. G. A1 - Scheich, Nina A1 - He, S. A1 - Wang, Z. A1 - Gäde, G. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Comparative analysis of adipokinetic hormones and their receptors in Blattodea reveals novel patterns of gene evolution N2 - Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a neuropeptide produced in the insect corpora cardiaca that plays an essential role in mobilising carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body to the haemolymph. AKH acts by binding to a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR). In this study, we tackle AKH ligand and receptor gene evolution as well as the evolutionary origins of AKH gene paralogues from the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches). Phylogenetic analyses of AKH precursor sequences point to an ancient AKH gene duplication event in the common ancestor of Blaberoidea, yielding a new group of putative decapeptides. In total, 16 different AKH peptides from 90 species were obtained. Two octapeptides and seven putatively novel decapeptides are predicted for the first time. AKH receptor sequences from 18 species, spanning solitary cockroaches and subsocial wood roaches as well as lower and higher termites, were subsequently acquired using classical molecular methods and in silico approaches employing transcriptomic data. Aligned AKHR open reading frames revealed 7 highly conserved transmembrane regions, a typical arrangement for GPCRs. Phylogenetic analyses based on AKHR sequences support accepted relationships among termite, subsocial (Cryptocercus spp.) and solitary cockroach lineages to a large extent, while putative post-translational modification sites do not greatly differ between solitary and subsocial roaches and social termites. Our study provides important information not only for AKH and AKHR functional research but also for further analyses interested in their development as potential candidates for biorational pest control agents against invasive termites and cockroaches. KW - Adipokinetic hormone KW - Adipokinetic hormone receptor KW - ‘Green’ pesticide KW - Neuropeptide KW - Termite PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-579141 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12861 SN - 0962-1075 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Wiley online library CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-57914 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mazumdar, Tilottama A1 - Bartholomäus, A. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter ED - Rokas, A. T1 - Draft Genome of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 N2 - Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 is a generalist entomopathogenic fungus. The mechanisms of pathogenesis of such fungi in insects like termites are not completely understood. Here, we report the draft genome sequence, as sequenced on the Oxford Nanopore platform. The genome has a GC% of 47.82 and a size of 45,688,865 bp KW - Draft Genome KW - Entomopathogenic Fungus KW - Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 KW - Mechanisms of pathogenesis KW - Infecting a number of insects, KW - Close proximity to colonies PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-573186 DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01267-22 SN - 2576-098X VL - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - ASM Journals CY - Nashville, USA AN - OPUS4-57318 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esparza Mora, Margy Alejandra A1 - Mazumdar, Tilottama A1 - Jiang, Shixiong A1 - Radek, Renate A1 - Thiem, Julian N. A1 - Feng, Linshan A1 - Petrašiūnaitė, Vesta A1 - Banasiak, Ronald A1 - Golian, Marek A1 - Gleske, Melanie A1 - Christophe, Lucas A1 - Springer, Andreas A1 - Buellesbach, Jan A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Defensive behavior is linked to altered surface chemistry following infection in a termite society N2 - The care-kill response determines whether a sick individual will be treated or eliminated from an insect society, but little is known about the physiological underpinnings of this process. We exploited the stepwise infection dynamics of an entomopathogenic fungus in a termite to explore how care-kill transitions occur, and identify the chemical cues behind these shifts. We found collective responses towards pathogen-injected individuals to vary according to severity and timing of pathogen challenge, with elimination, via cannibalism, occurring sooner in response to a severe active infection. However, injection with inactivated fungal blastospores also resulted in increased albeit delayed cannibalism, even though it did not universally cause host death. This indicates that the decision to eliminate an individual is triggered before pathogen viability or terminal disease status has been established. We then compared the surface chemistry of differently challenged individuals, finding increased amounts of long-chained methyl-branched alkanes with similar branching patterns in individuals injected with both dead and viable fungal blastospores, with the latter showing the largest increase. This coincided with the highest amounts of observed cannibalism as well as signs of severe moribundity. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into the emergent collective behaviors involved in the disease defense of a termite society. KW - Termite KW - Social Immunity KW - CHC KW - Pathogen PY - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-594468 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42947-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London AN - OPUS4-59446 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xing, N. A1 - Höfler, T. A1 - Hearn, C. J. A1 - Nascimento, M. A1 - Camps Paradell, G. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Kunec, D. A1 - Osterrieder, N. A1 - Cheng, H. H. A1 - Trimpert, J. T1 - Fast-forwarding evolution - Accelerated adaptation in a proofreading-deficient hypermutator herpesvirus N2 - Evolution relies on the availability of genetic diversity for fitness-based selection. However, most deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses employ DNA polymerases (Pol) capable of exonucleolytic proofreading to limit mutation rates during DNA replication. The relative genetic stability produced by high-fidelity genome replication can make studying DNA virus adaptation and evolution an intensive endeavor, especially in slowly replicating viruses. Here, we present a proofreading-impaired Pol mutant (Y547S) of Marek’s disease virus that exhibits a hypermutator phenotype while maintaining unimpaired growth in vitro and wild-type (WT)-like pathogenicity in vivo. At the same time, mutation frequencies observed in Y547S virus populations are 2–5-fold higher compared to the parental WT virus. We find that Y547S adapts faster to growth in originally non-permissive cells, evades pressure conferred by antiviral inhibitors more efficiently, and is more easily attenuated by serial passage in cultured cells compared to WT. Our results suggest that hypermutator viruses can serve as a tool to accelerate evolutionary processes and help identify key genetic changes required for adaptation to novel host cells and resistance to antiviral therapy. Similarly, the rapid attenuation achieved through adaptation of hypermutators to growth in cell culture enables identification of genetic changes underlying attenuation and virulence, knowledge that could practically exploited, e.g. in the rational design of vaccines. KW - Polymerase mutant KW - Proofreading deficient KW - Hypermutation KW - Adaption KW - DNA polymerase KW - Marek's Disease Virus PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-565631 DO - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veac099 SN - 2057-1577 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford, UK AN - OPUS4-56563 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golian, M. J. A1 - Friedman, D. A. A1 - Harrison, M. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Buellesbach, J. T1 - Chemical and transcriptomic diversity do not correlate with ascending levels of social complexity in the insect order Blattodea N2 - AbstractEusocial insects, such as ants and termites, are characterized by high levels of coordinated social organization. This is contrasted by solitary insects that display more limited forms of collective behavior. It has been hypothesized that this gradient in sociobehavioral sophistication is positively correlated with chemical profile complexity, due to a potentially increased demand for diversity in chemical communication mechanisms in insects with higher levels of social complexity. However, this claim has rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we compare different levels of chemical and transcriptomic complexity in selected species of the order Blattodea that represent different levels of social organization, from solitary to eusocial. We primarily focus on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) complexity, since it has repeatedly been demonstrated that CHCs are key signaling molecules conveying a wide variety of chemical information in solitary as well as eusocial insects. We assessed CHC complexity and divergence between our studied taxa of different social complexity levels as well as the differentiation of their respective repertoires of CHC biosynthesis gene transcripts. Surprisingly, we did not find any consistent pattern of chemical complexity correlating with social complexity, nor did the overall chemical divergence or transcriptomic repertoire of CHC biosynthesis genes reflect on the levels of social organization. Our results challenge the assumption that increasing social complexity is generally reflected in more complex chemical profiles and point toward the need for a more cautious and differentiated view on correlating complexity on a chemical, genetic, and social level. KW - Chemical ecology KW - Ecological genetics KW - Entomology KW - Evolutionary ecology PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608260 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70063 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 14 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-60826 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hellemans, S. A1 - Rocha, M. M. A1 - Wang, M. A1 - Romero Arias, J. A1 - Aanen, D. K. A1 - Bagnères, A.-G. A1 - Buček, A. A1 - Carrijo, T. F. A1 - Chouvenc, T. A1 - Cuezzo, C. A1 - Constantini, J. P. A1 - Constantino, R. A1 - Dedeine, F. A1 - Deligne, J. A1 - Eggleton, P. A1 - Evans, T. A. A1 - Hanus, R. A1 - Harrison, Mark C. A1 - Harry, M. A1 - Josens, G. A1 - Jouault, C. A1 - Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M. A1 - Kaymak, E. A1 - Korb, J. A1 - Lee, C.-Y. A1 - Legendre, F. A1 - Li, H.-F. A1 - Lo, N. A1 - Lu, T. A1 - Matsuura, K. A1 - Maekawa, K. A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Mizumoto, N. A1 - Oliveira, D. E. A1 - Poulsen, M. A1 - Sillam-Dussès, D. A1 - Su, N.-Y. A1 - Tokuda, G. A1 - Vargo, E. L. A1 - Ware, J. L. A1 - Šobotník, J. A1 - Scheffrahn, R. H. A1 - Cancello, E. A1 - Roisin, Y. A1 - Engel, M. S. A1 - Bourguignon, T. T1 - Genomic data provide insights into the classification of extant termites N2 - The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa. Here, we produce an updated termite classification using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstruct phylogenies under diverse substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed as concatenated matrices or within the multi-species coalescence framework. Our classification is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci and taxa, and topological tests. We show that the Neoisoptera are composed of seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including the Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, and Termitogetonidae Holmgren, raised from subfamilial rank. The species-rich Termitidae are composed of 18 subfamily-level monophyletic lineages, including the new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, and Promirotermitinae; and the revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Holmgren, and Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building an updated taxonomic classification on the foundation of unambiguously supported monophyletic lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused by the future availability of novel phylogenetic markers and methods. The taxonomic stability is further guaranteed by the modularity of the new termite classification, designed to accommodate as-yet undescribed species with uncertain affinities to the herein delimited monophyletic lineages in the form of new families or subfamilies. KW - Termite KW - Taxonomy KW - Evolution PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-608276 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51028-y VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC AN - OPUS4-60827 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Baar, C A1 - Laar von, C A1 - Plarre, Rüdiger A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Insektenmonitoring und genetisches Barcoding N2 - Die aus der Kirche in Greven entnommenen A. punctatum wiesen größere genetische Unterschiede auf als die aus der isolierten Zucht der BAM. Dies lässt vermuten, dass ein Austausch von zufliegenden oder eingeschleppten Individuen zu einer erhöhten genetischen Variabilität beiträgt. Die Ergebnisse der Sequenzanalysen vom Standort Greven zeigten, dass vier Variationen vorhanden waren. Die DNA-Barcodes aus der Datenbank NCBI (Frankreich, Finnland und Deutschland) besaßen nur SNPs, die bereits aus den Insekten der Kirche in Greven bekannt waren. Nach aktueller Datenlage für den betrachteten Genabschnitt sind diese Varianten (V2 bis V22) als repräsentativ für den mitteleuropäischen Raum anzunehmen. Potenzielle weitere Varianten lassen sich nur über eine größere Stichprobenanzahl entdecken/finden. Die Ergebnisse der Käferproben aus der isolierten Zucht der BAM sind deutlich homogener und entsprachen der Variante 1 aus Greven. Die Variante 1 wurde ebenfalls in vier französischen und einer deutschen Probe aus der NCBI-Datenbank nachgewiesen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf zwei Hauptvariationen (Vx und V20) hin, wobei die eine (VJ homogener als die andere (V20) zu sein scheint. Da für den Räuber K. caeruleus keine Unterschiede in der COI gefunden wurden, gilt zu prüfen, ob der gewählte Genabschnitt für die Untersuchung repräsentativ ist. Dies ist mit einer höheren Probenzahl zu validieren. T2 - 32. Deutsche Holzschutztagung CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 25.04.2024 KW - Korynaetes caeruleus KW - Insektenmonitoring KW - Genetisches Barcoding KW - Anobium punctatum PY - 2024 SP - 244 EP - 252 AN - OPUS4-60027 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter A1 - Natsopoulou, M. E. A1 - Doublet, V. A1 - Fürst, M. A1 - Weging, S. A1 - Brown, M. J. F. A1 - Gogol-Döring, A. A1 - Paxton, R. J. T1 - Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss N2 - Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo. The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline. KW - Virulence KW - Emerging infectious disease KW - Pollinator KW - Decline PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-368030 DO - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0811 SN - 0962-8452 VL - 283 IS - 1833 SP - Article 0811, 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-36803 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - McMahon, Dino Peter T1 - Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss N2 - Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo. The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline. T2 - 8th European meeting of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects CY - Helsinki, Finland DA - 08.08.2016 KW - Emerging infectious disease KW - Species decline KW - Virulence PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37849 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -