TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Schütt, Ch. A1 - Birke, V. ED - Zekkos, Dimitrios ED - Farid, Arvin ED - De, Anirban ED - Reddy, Krishna R. ED - Yesiller, Nazli T1 - Zero Valent Metal (ZVI) Nanoparticles in Geotextiles and Geomembranes N2 - Reactive geomembranes and geotextiles are an innovative approach to control the migration of contaminants in geotechnical applications. Within a joint research project in cooperation with a medium-sized enterprise, the preparation and characterization of “reactive” geomembranes and geotextiles modified by the addition of zero-valent metal nanoparticles was performed. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles were added to polyethylene or to the fillings of geo-containers or geosynthetic clay liners. These geosynthetic products consist of mixtures of sand with clay or bentonite, typically embedded in geotextile nonwovens or geomats. The permeability of these geo-containers can be adjusted by the ratio of clay or bentonite to sand. ZVI nanoparticles were also added as reactive material to geomembranes made of polyethylene with additives like the antioxidant Irganox 1010 or glycerin. These additives prohibit oxidation of the nanoparticle and act as hydrogen donor in the dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Contaminates such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metal compounds are either decomposed or converted to less toxic species (e.g. Cr-(VI) reduction to Cr-(III)). The paper reports the first experimental results from manufacturing of the reactive geomembrane model materials and characterization of the products with microscopic techniques. First breakthrough measurements of the ZVI modified geomembrane compared to a reference sample are presented. KW - geomembranes KW - geotextiles KW - nano particles KW - nano iron PY - 2016 UR - http://ascelibrary.org/page/books/s-gsp SN - 978-0-7844-8012-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480120 VL - 269 SP - 498 EP - 507 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers CY - Reston, VA, USA ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-37264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köth, A. A1 - Appelhans, Dietmar A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Tiersch, B. A1 - Koetz, J. T1 - Use of weakly cationic dendritic glycopolymer for morphological transformation of phospholipid vesicles into tube-like networks N2 - Using cationic polyelectrolytes with different molecular architectures, only hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) with maltose shell is suited to tailor the morphological transformation of anionic vesicles into tube-like networks. The interaction features of those materials partly mimic biological features of tubular proteins in nature. KW - Cationic phospholipid vesicles KW - Anionic polyelectrolyte KW - Morphological transformatio PY - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm06439h SN - 1744-683X VL - 7 SP - 10581 EP - 10584 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-25070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robertson, Daniela T1 - The oxidative resistance of polymeric geosynthetic barriers (GBR-P) used for road and railway tunnels N2 - The results of autoclave tests according to DIN EN ISO 13438 (method C) and conventional oven tests in line with DIN EN 14575 are presented for the evaluation of the resistance to oxidation of geosynthetic barriers GBR-P based on polyethylene. These GBR-P products are used as a barrier layer against water in road and railway tunnels. The residual mechanical stability of the exposed materials was determined by tensile testing. The remaining activity of the stabiliser was investigated using the OIT method. The results of both accelerating test methods are discussed and compared in detail. Based on autoclave tests at three temperatures (e.g. 60, 70 and 80 °C) and 50 bar oxygen pressure, and additionally two more measurements at 80 °C and 10 and 20 bar oxygen pressure, a modified Arrhenius extrapolation is used for an assessment of the expected service time of one of the GBR-P products. KW - Geosynthetic barrier KW - Oxidative durability KW - Accelerated ageing KW - Autoclave KW - Oven PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.09.012 SN - 0142-9418 VL - 32 IS - 8 SP - 1594 EP - 1602 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-31442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela T1 - Test methode for the assessment of service life of polymeric geosynthetic barriers (GBR-P) for road tunnels T2 - EuroGeo5 2012 CY - Valencia, Spain DA - 2012-09-16 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27197 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Brummermann, K. A1 - Kaundinya, I. A1 - Saathoff, F. T1 - Test method for the assessment of the service life of polymeric geosynthetic barriers (GBR-P) for road tunnels T2 - Euro GEO 5 - 5th European geosynthetics congress CY - Valencia, Spain DA - 2012-09-16 KW - Durability KW - Oxidation KW - Acceleration ageing KW - GBR-P PY - 2012 SN - 978-0415-64340-5 VL - 1 IS - Topic: Transport SP - 150 EP - 154 AN - OPUS4-27312 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela T1 - Test method for testing oxidative resistance of polythylene based products T2 - Polymers for Advanced Technologies CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2013-09-29 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-29303 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robertson, Daniela T1 - Test method for testing oxidative resistance of polyethylene based products KW - Oxidation KW - Degradation KW - Polyethylene KW - Polypropylene PY - 2013 SN - 1042-7147 SN - 1099-1581 VL - 24 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 1 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-29406 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Retzlaff, J. A1 - Bronstein, Z. A1 - Müller-Rochholz, J. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Schröder, Hartmut T1 - Oxidative resistance of geosynthetics: practical aspects and developments of testing at elevated temperature and oxygen pressure N2 - Service life of geosynthetics made of polyolefin materials is mainly limited by oxidative degradation. Durability of polyolefin products depend on formulation, morphology resulting from manufacturing, design and particularly on the antioxidants used. Although the fundamental oxidative reactions are known, the complex effect of geosynthetic characteristics and external influences mean that durability assessments require practical tests. The assessment of oxidative durability involves exposure to accelerating conditions as well as the material characterisation with respect to the state of stabilisation and/or degradation (e.g. by tensile testing and/or oxidation induction time). The autoclave test developed by BAM for durability assessments of polyolefin geosynthetics is based on the simultaneous application of moderately elevated temperatures (up to 80 degrees Celsius) and elevated oxygen pressures (up to 5.0 MPa) in combination with a surrounding aqueous medium. Thus this test method provides several advantages in comparison to conventional oven testing, especially with respect to test duration, impact of surrounding environment and the potential to differentiate and rank oxidative resistance between products of very different dimensions (surface/volume) and stabilisation. In view of the increasing demand for durability assessments of geosynthetic products with lifetimes significantly exceeding 25 years, the contribution is focused on practical aspects concerning implementation and optimisation of test procedures, conditions and evaluation of results. Furthermore, advanced approaches based on multiple exposure conditions will also be included and corresponding calculations of expected service life in typical applications will be evaluated with respect to significance and repeatability. Thereby involved standards and recommendations - such as EN ISO 13438, Part C or EAG-EDT - are considered. T2 - EuroGeo4, 4th European Geosynthetics Conference CY - Edinburgh, UK DA - 2008-09-07 KW - Ageing KW - Degradation KW - HDPE KW - Laboratory test KW - Oxidation KW - Polypropylene PY - 2008 IS - Paper 178 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-18423 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Brummermann, K. A1 - Kaudinya, I. A1 - Saathoff, F. T1 - Möglichkeiten der Abschätzung der Langzeitbeständigkeit von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) auf Polyolefinbasis für den Tunnelbau N2 - Im Rahmen eines von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) initiierten Forschungsvorhabens (15.449/2007/ERB: „Prüfverfahren zur Beurteilung der Lebensdauer von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen für Straßentunnel“) wurden anhand von Untersuchungen an Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) auf Basis von Polyolefinwerkstoffen die Möglichkeiten der Beurteilung der oxidativen Langzeitbeständigkeit sondiert. Im Mittelpunkt stand die Erprobung des Autoklaventests in Anlehnung an DIN EN ISO 13438 (Methode C1/C2) an ausgewählten, für den Tunnelbau repräsentativen marktüblichen KDB-Produkten. Die Untersuchungen im Autoklaven bei erhöhten Temperaturen (60 °C, 70 °C und 80 °C) und Sauerstoffdrücken (11, 21 und 51 bar) wurden durch vergleichende Versuche im Wärmeschrank (Ofen) bei erhöhter Temperatur (85 °C) in Anlehnung an DIN EN 14575 ergänzt. Die KDBProdukte wurden außerdem einer eingehenden Materialcharakterisierung (Zugprüfung, DMA, DSC) unterzogen. Weiterhin wurden Bauwerksdaten recherchiert und auf ihre Nutzbarkeit zur Bewertung und Prüfbarkeit der Langzeitbeständigkeit von KDB in Tunneln betrachtet. Ziel war auch, die Anwendbarkeit des bisher vorgeschlagenen Extrapolationsmodells zur Auswertung der Ergebnisse von Autoklaventests an im Tunnelbau marktüblichen Produkten für Nutzungsdauern über 25 Jahre zu überprüfen und zur Entwicklung eines geeigneten Prüfverfahrens beizutragen. Der Beitrag geht auf Ergebnisse des Vorhabens ein und zeigt erste Schlussfolgerungen und weiteren Untersuchungsbedarf auf. Die Ergebnisse werden in den „Empfehlungen zu Dichtungssystemen im Tunnelbau EAG-EDT“ des Arbeitskreises 5.1 „Kunststoffe in der Geotechnik und im Wasserbau“ berücksichtigt, deren 2. Auflage in Vorbereitung ist. Aspekte des thermischen Verhaltens der eingesetzten Werkstoffe sowie mögliche Anpassungen der Prüfrandbedingungen für die Autoklaventests werden ergänzt und Hinweise zur Interpretation von Prüfergebnissen gegeben. Außerdem wurden inzwischen ausgehend von den Ergebnissen des Forschungsvorhabens erste Autoklaven-Ringversuche in drei Prüfinstitutionen initiiert. T2 - 12. Informations- und Vortragstagung über "Kunststoffe in der Geotechnik" CY - Munich, Germany DA - 03.03.2011 KW - Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen auf Polyolefinbasis KW - Oxidative Langzeitbeständigkeit KW - Autoklaventest - beschleunigte Alterung KW - DSC KW - DMA PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-940476-26-5 IS - Geotechnik Sonderheft 2011 SP - 35 EP - 42 AN - OPUS4-24399 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Schröder, Hartmut T1 - Möglichkeiten der Abschätzung der Langzeitbeständigkeit von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (KDB) auf Polyolefinbasis für den Tunnelbau T2 - 12. Informations- und Vortragstagung über Kunststoffe in der Geotechnik (FS-KGEO 2011) CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2011-03-03 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23415 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -