TY - RPRT A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Bronstein, Z. A1 - Brummermann, K. T1 - Materialeigenschaften von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen bestehender Straßentunnel (Kurzbericht) N2 - Im Zuge von Nachrüstungsarbeiten konnten Kunststoffdichtungsbahnproben (KDB) aus fünf deutschen Straßentunneln entnommen werden. Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens FE 15.461/2008/ERB "Materialeigenschaften von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen bestehender Straßentunnel" beauftragte das Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS), vertreten durch die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt), die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), die ausgebauten KDB-Proben systematisch zu untersuchen. Die Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen waren zwischen 10 und 23 Jahren in den jeweiligen Straßentunneln eingebaut. Im ersten Schritt wurden die Materialeigenschaften der KDB-Proben mit dafür geeigneten Methoden charakterisiert, wie Thermischen Analysen (DSC,OIT), Dichtebestimmung, Zugprüfung (mechanischen Eigenschaften), Ermittlung des Stabilisatorgehalts (ICOT), der Dicke der KDB sowie der Qualität der Fügenaht und der geotextilen Schutzschicht. Im Verlauf des Vorhabens wurden Bergwasserproben aus den Straßentunneln entnommen und analysiert. Der Auftraggeber übermittelte der BAM die Ergebnisse zur Auswertung. Bei der Entnahme wurden folgende Parameter vor Ort bestimmt: Entnahmetemperatur, pH-Wert sowie partiell der Sauerstoffgehalt. Im Prüflabor wurden dann die Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit und die Elementaranalyse mittels ICP-OES zur Bestimmung der Metallionenkonzentration (u. a. Eisen, Mangan und Kupfer)durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden weiterführende Versuche zur Oxidationsbeständigkeit im Autoklaven in Anlehnung an DIN EN ISO 13438 durchgeführt, um den Einfluss von Metallionen auf die oxidative Beständigkeit zu untersuchen. Mit Hilfe der Daten aus der Bergwasseranalyse wurde ein geeignetes Modellmedium entwickelt, die im Autoklaventest an einem bereits ohne Metallionen untersuchten Produkt (Produkt II, FE 15.449/207/ERB) erprobt wurden. Die aus diesem Forschungsprojekt entstehenden neuen Erkenntnisse sollen in die aktuelle Normungs- und Gremienarbeit eingebracht werden. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the course of retrofitting works geomembrane samples (GBR-P) were removed from German road tunnels. In the framework of the research project FE 15.461/2008/ERB "Material properties of geosynthetic liners removed from existing road tunnel constructions" instructed by the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), the Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM) investigated removed GBR-P products received from five different road tunnels. The GBR-P products were installed for a period of 10 up to 23 years in the respective road tunnels. In the first step, the material properties of the natural aged geomembranes were characterized using suitable methods, such as thermal analysis (DSC and standard OIT), density, tensile tests (mechanical properties), the thickness of the geomembrane, the stabilizer content (ICOT), the quality of the seam weld (shear and peel properties) and on a selected GBR-P products the burst strength and the water permeability was determined. During the course of the project, mountain water samples were taken from the road tunnels and analyzed. The field parameter such as the pH-value, the oxygen content as well as the sampling temperature of the mountain water was determined. In the laboratory, the determination of the conductivity and the elementary analysis by ICP-OES to determine the metal ion content (iron, copper, manganese etc) was performed. In addition, further autoclave tests according to DIN EN ISO 13438 were performed to investigate the influence of different metal ions on the oxidative stability. For this purpose, a model medium was developed, which was tested in the autoclave test on an already examined product (product II from the R&D project FE 15.449/2007/ERB). The results from the R&D project findings will be incorporated into the standards and committee work. KW - Polyolefine KW - Dichtungsbahnen KW - Oxidative Langzeitbeständigkeit KW - Medieneinfluss PY - 2014 UR - http://bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de SN - 978-3-95606-104-2 SN - 0943-9293 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English IS - B 107 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Fachverlag NW in der Carl Schünemann Verlag GmbH CY - Bergisch Gladbach AN - OPUS4-32589 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Bronstein, Z. A1 - Brummermann, K. T1 - Materialeigenschaften von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen bestehender Straßentunnel (Abschlussbericht) N2 - Im Zuge von Nachrüstungsarbeiten konnten Kunststoffdichtungsbahnproben (KDB) aus fünf deutschen Straßentunneln entnommen werden. Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens FE 15.461/2008/ERB "Materialeigenschaften von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen bestehender Straßentunnel" beauftragte das Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS), vertreten durch die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt), die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), die ausgebauten KDB-Proben systematisch zu untersuchen. Die Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen waren zwischen 10 und 23 Jahren in den jeweiligen Straßentunneln eingebaut. Im ersten Schritt wurden die Materialeigenschaften der KDB-Proben mit dafür geeigneten Methoden charakterisiert, wie Thermischen Analysen (DSC,OIT), Dichtebestimmung, Zugprüfung (mechanischen Eigenschaften), Ermittlung des Stabilisatorgehalts (ICOT), der Dicke der KDB sowie der Qualität der Fügenaht und der geotextilen Schutzschicht. Im Verlauf des Vorhabens wurden Bergwasserproben aus den Straßentunneln entnommen und analysiert. Der Auftraggeber übermittelte der BAM die Ergebnisse zur Auswertung. Bei der Entnahme wurden folgende Parameter vor Ort bestimmt: Entnahmetemperatur, pH-Wert sowie partiell der Sauerstoffgehalt. Im Prüflabor wurden dann die Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit und die Elementaranalyse mittels ICP-OES zur Bestimmung der Metallionenkonzentration (u. a. Eisen, Mangan und Kupfer)durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden weiterführende Versuche zur Oxidationsbeständigkeit im Autoklaven in Anlehnung an DIN EN ISO 13438 durchgeführt, um den Einfluss von Metallionen auf die oxidative Beständigkeit zu untersuchen. Mit Hilfe der Daten aus der Bergwasseranalyse wurde ein geeignetes Modellmedium entwickelt, die im Autoklaventest an einem bereits ohne Metallionen untersuchten Produkt (Produkt II, FE 15.449/207/ERB) erprobt wurden. Die aus diesem Forschungsprojekt entstehenden neuen Erkenntnisse sollen in die aktuelle Normungs- und Gremienarbeit eingebracht werden. KW - Polyolefine KW - Dichtungsbahnen KW - Oxidative Langzeitbeständigkeit KW - Medieneinfluss PY - 2014 UR - http://bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2015/830/pdf/B107.pdf SN - 978-3-95606-104-2 SN - 0943-9293 IS - B 107 SP - 1 EP - 58 PB - Fachverlag NW in der Carl Schünemann Verlag GmbH CY - Bergisch Gladbach AN - OPUS4-32590 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela T1 - High Pressure Autoclave Test (HPAT) for measuring oxidative resistance of polyolefinic products T2 - Polymertec2014 CY - Merseburg, Germany DA - 2014-06-25 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-30989 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela T1 - Influence of transition metal ions on the thermo-oxidative degradation of polyethylene geomembranes (GBR-P) used in road tunnels T2 - 10th International Conference on Geosynthetics CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2014-09-21 PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-31532 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robertson, Daniela T1 - The oxidative resistance of polymeric geosynthetic barriers (GBR-P) used for road and railway tunnels N2 - The results of autoclave tests according to DIN EN ISO 13438 (method C) and conventional oven tests in line with DIN EN 14575 are presented for the evaluation of the resistance to oxidation of geosynthetic barriers GBR-P based on polyethylene. These GBR-P products are used as a barrier layer against water in road and railway tunnels. The residual mechanical stability of the exposed materials was determined by tensile testing. The remaining activity of the stabiliser was investigated using the OIT method. The results of both accelerating test methods are discussed and compared in detail. Based on autoclave tests at three temperatures (e.g. 60, 70 and 80 °C) and 50 bar oxygen pressure, and additionally two more measurements at 80 °C and 10 and 20 bar oxygen pressure, a modified Arrhenius extrapolation is used for an assessment of the expected service time of one of the GBR-P products. KW - Geosynthetic barrier KW - Oxidative durability KW - Accelerated ageing KW - Autoclave KW - Oven PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.09.012 SN - 0142-9418 VL - 32 IS - 8 SP - 1594 EP - 1602 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-31442 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Kaundinya, I. ED - Ziegler, M. ED - Bräu, G. ED - Heerten, G. ED - Laackmann, K. T1 - Influence of transition metal ions on the thermo-oxidative degradation of polyethylene geomembranes (GBR-P) used in road tunnels N2 - Geomembranes are used to seal tunnels and similar constructions against mountain water insurgence. Such water contains different transition metal ions in the form of dissolved metal salts. The influence of metal ions on the oxidative degradation process of geomembranes based on polyethylene is examined. The tests were carried out with the autoclave method according to DIN EN ISO 13438, using a test media separately modified by different transition metal ions. Following the accelerated aging tests, tensile tests and FTIR analysis were carried out to assess the change in material properties during the treatment. Tensile strength and elongation at break for a defined failure criterion (e.g. T50, time to 50% drop of the residual tensile strength and strain relative to the initial value) are measured and the results show a decrease of T50 values during the aging with metal ions compared to the aged sample in the Standard test medium. FTIR results exhibited that a carbonyl peak in the region around 1700 to 1780 cm'1 arose during the thermal treatment, as a result of oxidative degradation. The carbonyl index of samples aged in different modified test media was monitored and the results showed metal ion specific differences in the ability to increase the carbonyl index. These results demonstrate that the presence of certain transition metal ions has a significant influence on the oxidative degradation process. The results presented in this paper are part of an R&D project [Report FE 15.461/2008/ERB, 2013] financed by the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). T2 - 10th International conference on geosynthetics CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 21.09.2014 KW - Oxidation KW - Degradation KW - Transition metal ion KW - Acceleration KW - Very low density polyethylene (VLDPE) PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-9813953-9-6 SP - Paper 170, 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-31716 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Schütt, Ch. A1 - Birke, V. ED - Zekkos, Dimitrios ED - Farid, Arvin ED - De, Anirban ED - Reddy, Krishna R. ED - Yesiller, Nazli T1 - Zero Valent Metal (ZVI) Nanoparticles in Geotextiles and Geomembranes N2 - Reactive geomembranes and geotextiles are an innovative approach to control the migration of contaminants in geotechnical applications. Within a joint research project in cooperation with a medium-sized enterprise, the preparation and characterization of “reactive” geomembranes and geotextiles modified by the addition of zero-valent metal nanoparticles was performed. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles were added to polyethylene or to the fillings of geo-containers or geosynthetic clay liners. These geosynthetic products consist of mixtures of sand with clay or bentonite, typically embedded in geotextile nonwovens or geomats. The permeability of these geo-containers can be adjusted by the ratio of clay or bentonite to sand. ZVI nanoparticles were also added as reactive material to geomembranes made of polyethylene with additives like the antioxidant Irganox 1010 or glycerin. These additives prohibit oxidation of the nanoparticle and act as hydrogen donor in the dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Contaminates such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metal compounds are either decomposed or converted to less toxic species (e.g. Cr-(VI) reduction to Cr-(III)). The paper reports the first experimental results from manufacturing of the reactive geomembrane model materials and characterization of the products with microscopic techniques. First breakthrough measurements of the ZVI modified geomembrane compared to a reference sample are presented. KW - geomembranes KW - geotextiles KW - nano particles KW - nano iron PY - 2016 UR - http://ascelibrary.org/page/books/s-gsp SN - 978-0-7844-8012-0 DO - https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784480120 VL - 269 SP - 498 EP - 507 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers CY - Reston, VA, USA ET - 1 AN - OPUS4-37264 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Retzlaff, J. A1 - Bronstein, Z. A1 - Müller-Rochholz, J. A1 - Böhning, Martin A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Schröder, Hartmut T1 - Oxidative resistance of geosynthetics: practical aspects and developments of testing at elevated temperature and oxygen pressure N2 - Service life of geosynthetics made of polyolefin materials is mainly limited by oxidative degradation. Durability of polyolefin products depend on formulation, morphology resulting from manufacturing, design and particularly on the antioxidants used. Although the fundamental oxidative reactions are known, the complex effect of geosynthetic characteristics and external influences mean that durability assessments require practical tests. The assessment of oxidative durability involves exposure to accelerating conditions as well as the material characterisation with respect to the state of stabilisation and/or degradation (e.g. by tensile testing and/or oxidation induction time). The autoclave test developed by BAM for durability assessments of polyolefin geosynthetics is based on the simultaneous application of moderately elevated temperatures (up to 80 degrees Celsius) and elevated oxygen pressures (up to 5.0 MPa) in combination with a surrounding aqueous medium. Thus this test method provides several advantages in comparison to conventional oven testing, especially with respect to test duration, impact of surrounding environment and the potential to differentiate and rank oxidative resistance between products of very different dimensions (surface/volume) and stabilisation. In view of the increasing demand for durability assessments of geosynthetic products with lifetimes significantly exceeding 25 years, the contribution is focused on practical aspects concerning implementation and optimisation of test procedures, conditions and evaluation of results. Furthermore, advanced approaches based on multiple exposure conditions will also be included and corresponding calculations of expected service life in typical applications will be evaluated with respect to significance and repeatability. Thereby involved standards and recommendations - such as EN ISO 13438, Part C or EAG-EDT - are considered. T2 - EuroGeo4, 4th European Geosynthetics Conference CY - Edinburgh, UK DA - 2008-09-07 KW - Ageing KW - Degradation KW - HDPE KW - Laboratory test KW - Oxidation KW - Polypropylene PY - 2008 IS - Paper 178 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-18423 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köth, A. A1 - Appelhans, Dietmar A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Tiersch, B. A1 - Koetz, J. T1 - Use of weakly cationic dendritic glycopolymer for morphological transformation of phospholipid vesicles into tube-like networks N2 - Using cationic polyelectrolytes with different molecular architectures, only hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) with maltose shell is suited to tailor the morphological transformation of anionic vesicles into tube-like networks. The interaction features of those materials partly mimic biological features of tubular proteins in nature. KW - Cationic phospholipid vesicles KW - Anionic polyelectrolyte KW - Morphological transformatio PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm06439h SN - 1744-683X VL - 7 SP - 10581 EP - 10584 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-25070 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Robertson, Daniela T1 - Evaluierung des Autoklaventests nach DIN EN ISO 13438 zur Untersuchung der Oxidationsbeständigkeit von Geokunststoffen auf Polyolefinbasis T2 - VSVI Seminar CY - Münster, Germany DA - 2012-02-28 PY - 2012 AN - OPUS4-27213 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -