TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Dahms, A. A1 - Knudsen, H.N. A1 - Afshari, A. A1 - Wargocki, P. A1 - Olesen, B. A1 - Berglund, B. A1 - Ramalho, O. A1 - Goschnick, J. A1 - Häringer, D. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Nesa, D. A1 - Chanie, E. A1 - Ruponen, M. A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by a Sensor System, the European Project SysPAQ T2 - Indoor Air 2008, 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 2008-08-17 KW - Perceived air quality KW - Perceived odour intensity KW - Profiling KW - Sensor system PY - 2008 IS - Paper ID: 530 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-18302 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Bitter, F. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Knudsen, H.N. A1 - Afshari, A. A1 - Wargocki, P. A1 - Olesen, B. A1 - Berglund, B. A1 - Ramalho, O. A1 - Goschnick, J. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Nesa, D. A1 - Chanie, E. A1 - Ruponen, M. T1 - Messung der empfundenen Geruchsintensität mit Multigas-Sensorsystemen, das Forschungsvorhaben SysPAQ KW - Geruch KW - Sensorsystem KW - Perceived Air Quality KW - Produkttypischer Geruch KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emissionen PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-18-091995-9 SN - 0083-5560 IS - 1995 SP - 17 EP - 29 PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-16370 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panasková, J. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Scutaru, A.M. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Entwicklungen der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen in Innenräumen N2 - Um eine gute Luftqualität in Gebäuden zu erreichen, müssen Reinigungslasten durch Lüften aus Räumen abgeführt bzw. vermieden oder verringert werden. Wird der Luftwechsel verringert, verschlechtert sich die Raumluftqualität, und die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer nimmt ab. An Arbeitsplätzen kann es bei schlechter Luftqualität und der daraus resultierenden Unzufriedenheit zu einer geringeren Produktivität der Beschäftigten kommen. Um die Reinigungslasten und deren Wirkung auf den Raumnutzer überdas Geruchsempfinden zu verringern, ist neben einer messtechnischen Erfassung der Verunreinigungen auch eine sensorische Prüfung in Innenräumen und von Bauprodukten notwendig. In diesem Artikel wird die Entwicklung der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen im Innenraum erläutert und auf Anwendungen eingegangen. KW - Geruch KW - Innenraum KW - Bauprodukte KW - Bewertung PY - 2014 SN - 2195-643X VL - 135 IS - 2 SP - 70 EP - 82 PB - DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH CY - München AN - OPUS4-32403 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Dahms, A. A1 - Bitter, F. A1 - Wargocki, P. A1 - Olesen, B. A1 - Knudsen, H.N. A1 - Afshari, A. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Airaksinen, M. A1 - Järnström, H. A1 - Tirkkonen, T. A1 - Witterseh, T. T1 - Material labelling: Combined material emission tests and sensory evaluations T2 - Indoor Air 2008, 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate CY - Copenhagen, Denmark DA - 2008-08-17 KW - Material labelling KW - Emission test KW - Sensory evaluation KW - Odour intensity KW - Acceptability PY - 2008 IS - Paper 1066 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-18047 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Brödner, Doris A1 - Kalus, Sabine A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Kasche, J. T1 - Chemische analytische Bewertung von Baustoffemissionen T2 - Deutsche Kälte-Klima-Tagung 2008 CY - Ulm, Deutschland DA - 2008-11-20 KW - AgBB-Schema KW - VOC KW - Emissionen KW - Bauprodukte KW - Bewertung Emissionen PY - 2008 IS - AA.IV.15 SP - 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-18406 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stephan, H. A1 - Gloe, K. A1 - Kraus, Werner A1 - Spies, H. A1 - Johannsen, B. A1 - Wichmann, K. A1 - Reck, Günter A1 - Chand, D. K. A1 - Bharadwaj, P. K. A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Müller, W. M. A1 - Vögtle, F. ED - Moyer, B. A. T1 - Binding and extraction of pertechnetate and perrhenate by azacages T2 - Symposium Fundamentals and Applications of Anion Separations ; American Chemical Society national meeting CY - Chicago, IL, USA DA - 2001-08-25 PY - 2004 SN - 0-306-47911-7 SP - 151 EP - 168 PB - Kluwer Acad./Plenum Publ. CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-3667 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Kasche, J. A1 - Bitter, F. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Müller, B. T1 - Environmental and Health Provisions for Building Products - Identification and evaluation of VOC emissions and odour exposure (Research Report 202 62 320 / UBA-FB 001002) N2 - In this study 50 construction products were tested in emission test chambers according to the requirements of the AgBB-scheme: 7 acrylic and 6 silicone sealants, 6 paste-like synthetic resin plasters, 13 wood based products, 4 adhesives, 5 lacquers, 6 wall paints and 3 further construction products. VOC and odour emissions were tested on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, and 28th day. In addition to the VOC-measurements, a test procedure was developed to evaluate odour emission of construction products.This test is planned to be implemented into the AgBB-Scheme. A direct evaluation by a sensory panel in the emission test chamber was not possible. So the odour samples were collected in 300- litre tedlar bags which were evaluated later. Odour intensity of the samples was compared with different acetone concentrations. Within this study an interlaboratory comparison was conducted using the newly developed odour test method. Additionally, VVOC emissions, detection of carcinogenic compounds, repeatability of emission test chamber tests, and other issues are presented. This project has shown that construction products can be evaluated in accordance with the AgBB scheme. A sensory evaluation is intended to be introduced in the AgBB scheme. A method for this evaluation is described in this study. The test procedure should be enhanced and validated for practical utilisation. KW - Building products KW - Emissions KW - Odour KW - AgBB-Scheme KW - Chamber tests KW - Interlaboratory study KW - Construction products KW - Emission test chamber KW - Odour evaluation KW - VOC KW - VVOC KW - SVOC KW - Thermal desorption KW - GC/MS KW - GC-ODP KW - Odour standard of comparison KW - Gas sensor KW - Acrylic and silicone sealant KW - Wood-based product KW - Paints KW - Lacquers KW - Interlaboratory comparison PY - 2007 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/environmental-health-provisions-for-building SN - 1862-4804 SN - 0722-186X IS - 21 SP - 1 EP - 381 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-15931 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Plehn, W. A1 - Müller, D. T1 - VOC emissions from building materials accompanying sensory tests for different evaluation schemes N2 - Within a follow up project of a former study (Horn et al. 2005) emissions and odor from different types of construction products were investigated (financed by the German Federal Environmental Agency - FKZ 37 07 62 300). The tested materials were mainly those used for construction of floors indoors. For this type of materials in Germany several labeling procedures exist which are based on Emission chamber testing. Two important labeling procedures in Germany are based on the AgBBevaluation scheme (Däumling et al. 2005). For some applications (flooring material) it is the mandatory Ü-mark of DIBt (German Institute for Construction Technology). Furthermore for carpets, adhesives and many other products, like sealants, mattresses, furniture and so on the voluntary blue angel mark exist. Within this scheme the volatile organic compounds (VOC) compounds are measured with well established procedures and are evaluated with LCI-values which were derived from health information. Beyond that many complaints according to building products are caused by odors. Therefore an evaluation procedure for the odor is very important and should be implemented into all of the mentioned labeling schemes. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Odor KW - Construction product KW - VOC-emission KW - Evaluation KW - AgBB PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23881 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Results of sensory tests and sensory-limit settings for building materials in Germany N2 - Indoor air pollutants influence the health and comfort of building occupants and consequently the energy consumption of the building. The pollutants are emitted by various sources. Among these sources, building products are of particular importance. To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany also mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. This procedure is based on the assessment scheine of the Committee for Health-related Evaluation of Building Products (AgBBScheme). The sensory-limit settings for building-material label Blue Angel offer consumer to differ not only low-emission but also low-odour Building materials from another building materials. T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate CY - Austin, TX, USA DA - 05.06.2011 KW - Perceived air-quality KW - Odour evaluation KW - Odour labelling KW - Test procedure KW - Standardisation PY - 2011 IS - Paper 768 SP - 1 EP - 2 AN - OPUS4-23882 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panasková, J. A1 - Danielak, M. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Sensory-based evaluation of building product emissions - Integration into the Blue Angel award criteria and assessment scheme of the Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products (UBA-FB 001500 / Förder-Kennz. 370762300) N2 - Emissions from building products can considerably impair the quality of indoor air. The AgBB scheme is employed to evaluate the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from building products. The hygienic evaluation according to the AgBB scheme requires product-specific measuring procedures. These are available for a range of products. They have been validated in co-operation with several research and testing institutes and have been included in the criteria for awarding the Blue Angel ecolabel. The evaluation is, however, stricter and generally has lower limits. VOC emissions and odours can cause health problems so testing using sensors is an important element in the evaluation of building products and has – for reasons of precaution – been set down in the AgBB scheme. The main goal of the project was to derive a method of evaluation using sensors and limits for awarding the Blue Angel and for the AgBB scheme. Based on the research conducted (see Chapter 5 Results and Discussion), perceived intensity and hedonics were suggested as a suitable Evaluation method. The derivation of limits for the evaluation using sensors on the 28th day was effected in the present study through the additional questioning of the test subjects on the reasonability of a sample. For the Blue Angel, there could be different limits of perceived intensity and hedonics for each group of products. A preliminary suggestion for possible limits – for all product groups – is a perceived intensity of 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi as confidence coefficient, Chapter 5.1.5) and -1 (0+/-0.8, rounded to -1) for the hedonic value. KW - Labelsysteme KW - VOC KW - Geruch KW - Geruchstest KW - Emissionsmessungen KW - Building product KW - Directive KW - Health care KW - Pollutant KW - Test method KW - Hydrocarbon KW - Testing using sensors KW - Emission KW - Emission test chamber KW - Odour KW - AgBB scheme KW - Health assessment KW - Assessment procedure KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - Very volatile organic compounds KW - VVOC KW - Semi volatile organic compounds KW - SVOC KW - Thermal desorption KW - GC/MS KW - GC-ODP KW - Odour standard of comparison KW - Floor coverings KW - Coverings KW - Blue Angel KW - Odour evaluation KW - Acceptability KW - Perceived intensity KW - Hedonic KW - Reasonability KW - Standardization KW - Environmental sign KW - Volatile emission KW - Product labelling PY - 2011 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/sensory-based-evaluation-of-building-product SN - 1862-4804 IS - 61 SP - 1-133, Annex 1-109 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-25200 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brandt, S. A1 - Müller, Birgit A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Panasková, J. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Messung und Bewertung von Gerüchen aus Bauprodukten für den Innenraum T1 - Measurement and evaluation of odour emissions from building products for indoor usage N2 - Messung und Bewertung von Gerüchen aus Bauprodukten für den Innenraum gewinnen vor allem durch den zunehmenden Bau energieeffizienter Gebäude an Bedeutung. Intensive und unangenehme Gerüche werden von Bewohnerinnen, Bewohnern und Angestellten nicht akzeptiert und können auf Dauer krank machen. Bislang stand noch kein allgemein anerkanntes Messverfahren zur Verfügung. Dieses wurde nun in Forschungsprojekten entwickelt, wobei auch konkrete Bewertungsvorschläge zur Zumutbarkeit von Gerüchen gemacht wurden. Das Verfahren ist an die Messung der Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Bauprodukten gekoppelt und nutzt Probanden, um die Geruchsstärke (Intensität) und den Geruchseindruck (Hedonik) zu ermitteln. In der Praxis wird das Verfahren nun an verschiedenen Stellen erprobt. Die Bewertung der Geruchsemissionen gibt der Industrie die Möglichkeit, geruchsarme Produkte zu gestalten. Die Kennzeichnung geruchsarmer Bauprodukte mit dem Umweltzeichen Blauer Engel erleichtert Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern die Orientierung beim Einkauf. N2 - Measuring and evaluating odour emissions from building products used in indoor spaces are becoming increasingly important for the construction of energy-efficient buildings. Intensive and unpleasant smells are not accepted by inhabitants and employees and may lead to negative health effects. Up to now a consistent measuring method for odour emissions has not been available. A measuring method and also concrete standards for the assessment of odours by using reasonableness of smells have now been developed in succeeding research projects. The procedure uses a panel of test persons to determine the strength (intensity) and impression (hedonic appraisal) of odour and is linked to the already well established measurement of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products. At the Moment the new procedure is tested in practice at different laboratories. Evaluating odour emissions helps manufacturers to develop products with low or very low odour emissions. The labeling of low-odour Building products with the environmental label Blue Angel gives consumers an orientation for purchase. KW - Labelsysteme KW - VOC KW - Geruch KW - Geruchstest KW - Emissionsmessungen PY - 2011 SN - 2190-1120 SN - 2190-1147 VL - 4 SP - 50 EP - 58 PB - BfS CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25210 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kasche, J. A1 - Dahms, A. A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - Olfaktorische Bewertung von Baumaterialien T2 - 7th Workshop "Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials" CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 0005-04-04 KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emissionen KW - Geruch KW - Kammerverfahren KW - VOC PY - 2005 SP - 5-1-5-12 PB - Kassel University Press GmbH CY - Kassel AN - OPUS4-7363 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver T1 - The use of gas sampling bags for evaluating the odours of building materials T2 - Indoor Air 2005 CY - Beijing, PR China DA - 2005-09-04 KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emissionen KW - Geruch KW - Probenahmebehälter PY - 2005 SN - 7-89494-830-6 IS - 2 SP - 2030 EP - 2034 PB - Tsinghua University Press CY - Beijing AN - OPUS4-11073 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Kasche, Johannes A1 - Bitter, F. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Müller, B. T1 - Umwelt- und Gesundheitsanforderungen an Bauprodukte - Ermittlung und Bewertung der VOC-Emissionen und geruchlichen Belastungen (Forschungsbericht 20262320) KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emissionen KW - Geruch KW - AbBB-Schema KW - Kammermessungen KW - Laborvergleich PY - 2007 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/umwelt-gesundheitsanforderungen-an-bauprodukte SN - 1862-4804 IS - 16 SP - 383 Seiten PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-14791 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Birgit A1 - Danielak, M. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten N2 - Die Bewertung von VOC-Emissionen aus Bauprodukten soll durch das AgBB-Schema vereinheitlicht werden und eine gesundheitsrelevante Komponente enthalten. Das Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt) hat das AgBB-Schema in weiten Teilen für seine „Grundsätze zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten in Innenräumen“ implementiert. Neben der üblichen chemischen Emissionsmessung soll auch der Geruch für die Bewertung des Produkts herangezogen werden. Um den Geruch als festen Bestandteil in die Produktprüfung zu integrieren, wurden vom Umweltbundesamt zwei Vorhaben initiiert. Erste Ergebnisse des zweiten Vorhabens (FKZ 37 07 62 300; Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten – Integration in die Vergabegrundlagen für den Blauen Engel und das Bewertungsschema des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten) werden hier dargestellt. KW - AgBB-Schema KW - VOC KW - Emissionen KW - Geruch KW - Bauprodukte KW - Bewertung Emissionen PY - 2009 SN - 0949-8036 SN - 0039-0771 SN - 1436-4891 VL - 69 IS - 6 SP - 246 EP - 250 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-19658 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Danielak, M. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Bauproduktprüfung und Geruch - Neue Entwicklungen im Rahmen von Label-Systemen T2 - 11. Workshop - Geruch und Emissionen bei Kunststoffen CY - Kassel, Deutschland DA - 2009-03-30 KW - AgBB-Schema KW - VOC KW - Emissionen KW - Geruch KW - Bauprodukte KW - Bewertung Emissionen PY - 2009 SP - 8-1 - 8-9 AN - OPUS4-19224 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Panasková, J. A1 - Danielak, M. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten - Integration in die Vergabegrundlagen für den Blauen Engel und das Bewertungsschema des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten (UBA-FB 001500 / Förder-Kennz. 370762300) N2 - Emissionen aus Bauprodukten beeinträchtigen die Qualität der Innenraumluft erheblich. Mit Hilfe des AgBB-Schemas werden die Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen (VOC) aus Bauprodukten bewertet. Die gesundheitliche Bewertung nach dem AgBB-Schema erfordert produktspezifische Messverfahren. Diese gibt es mittlerweile für eine Reihe von Produkten. Sie wurden durch Beteiligung verschiedener Forschungseinrichtungen und Messinstitute validiert und u. a. in die Vergabekriterien des Umweltzeichens Blauer Engel übernommen. Die Bewertung ist allerdings –mit zumeist niedrigeren Grenzwerten –strenger. VOC-Emissionen und Gerüche können beide zu gesundheitlichen Belastungen führen. So ist die sensorische Prüfung ein weiteres wichtiges Element bei der Bewertung von Bauprodukten und vorsorglich auch im AgBB-Schema verankert. Hauptziel des Projektes ist es, eine Methode der sensorischen Bewertung und Grenzen für die Vergabe des Blauen Engels und für das AgBB-Schema abzuleiten. Auf Grundlage der durchgeführten Untersuchungen (siehe Kapitel 5 Ergebnisse und Diskussion) wird als Bewertungsmethode die empfundene Intensität und die Hedonik vorgeschlagen. Die Ableitung der Grenzwerte für die sensorische Bewertung am 28. Tag erfolgt über die zusätzliche Befragung der Probanden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie nach der Zumutbarkeit einer Probe. Für den Blauen Engel könnte es je Produktgruppe unterschiedliche Grenzen der empfundenen Intensität und der Hedonik geben. Ein erster Vorschlag für mögliche Grenzen, hier zunächst einheitlich für alle Produktgruppen, ist für die empfundene Intensität 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi als Sicherheit, Kapitel 5.1.5) und für die Hedonik -1 (0 +/-0,8, gerundet auf -1) (siehe dazu Abbildung 6-2). KW - Bauprodukt KW - Schadstoff KW - Prüfverfahren KW - Blauer Engel KW - SVOC KW - Flüchtige Emission KW - Kohlenwasserstoff KW - Geruch KW - Sensorik KW - AgBB-Schema PY - 2011 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/sensorische-bewertung-emissionen-aus-bauprodukten SN - 1862-4804 IS - 35 SP - 1-146, Anhang 1-109 PB - Umweltbundesamt CY - Dessau-Roßlau AN - OPUS4-24926 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Danielak, M. A1 - Zeidler, O. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Labelling of building materials - A combination of emission tests with odour tests T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition CY - Syracuse, NY, USA DA - 2009-09-13 KW - Labelling systems KW - VOCs KW - Odour KW - Sensory tests KW - Emission tests PY - 2009 IS - Paper 323 SP - 1 EP - 4 CY - Syracuse, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-19927 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Danielak, M. A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Plehn, W. A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Implentation of odour test methods into labelling procedures of flooring materials T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition CY - Syracuse, NY, USA DA - 2009-09-13 KW - AgBB-Scheme KW - Labelling KW - Flooring material KW - VOC emission KW - Odour PY - 2009 IS - Paper 356 SP - 1 EP - 3 CY - Syracuse, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-19926 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Panaskova, J. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Sensory tests for building materials and rooms - Status of the standardisation N2 - To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have also been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. All of these both voluntary and mandatory Systems combine measurements of volatile organic compounds according to ISO 16000-9 and sensory evaluations (new ISO 16000-28). In this paper a German project financed by the Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency) will be presented. The project deals with the questions of how to combine the emission tests with the sensory evaluation and what the best sensory evaluation procedure is for achieving valid and accurate results. The limited values and the evaluation methods will be presented and discussed. In the next Step the criteria for labelling those products without an unpleasant odour will be determined. The current Status of ISO 16000 - 28 and 30 will be also presented. T2 - Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International conference CY - Brisbane, Australia DA - 08.07.2012 KW - Sensory evaluation of building materials and rooms KW - Perceived air quality KW - Standardisation KW - Label KW - Normung KW - Geruch KW - Messmethoden KW - Emissionsmessung KW - Bauprodukte PY - 2012 SN - 978-1-921897-40-5 SP - 1 EP - 6 (3E.5) AN - OPUS4-27561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Thieme-Hack, M. A1 - Berghaus, U. A1 - Brümmer, F. A1 - Elsner, U. A1 - Färber, C. A1 - Frank, D. A1 - Illgas, M. A1 - Kalbe, Ute A1 - Kathage, J. A1 - Leers, A. A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Röger-Göpfert, C. A1 - Russland, H.-J. A1 - Schnabel, B. A1 - Schneider, O. A1 - Schockmann, D. A1 - Schomakers, H. A1 - Schwalbe, D. A1 - Stegemann, D. A1 - van den Berg, T. A1 - Kramps, S. T1 - Fachbericht Kunststoffsportböden - Nachhaltige Kunststoffbelagsauswahl für Sportfreianlagen N2 - Kunststoff- und Kunststoffrasenflächen kommt bei intensiv genutzten Flächen als Allwetterbeläge eine große Bedeutung zu. Sie leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Absicherung eines ganzjähriger Sportangebote. Gerade Kunststoffrasen ist aber in den letzten Jahren häufig in die Kritik geraten, insbesondere durch gefährliche Inhaltsstoffe und andere negative Einflüsse auf die Umwelt. Dies hat bei Bauherren zu einer Verunsicherung geführt und Fragen aufgeworfen, die erst teilweise beantwortet sind. Die Diskussionen rund um diesen Allwetterbelag haben bereits dazu geführt, dass von Seiten der Industrie viel verändert wurde und neue innovative Lösungen gefunden werden. Der Fachbericht stellt eine Handreichung für Fachleute und interessierte Laien dar, um mehr Klarheit besonders hinsichtlich der Umweltanforderungen zu erzielen. KW - Kunststoffsportbeläge KW - Kunstrasen KW - Umweltverträglichkeit KW - Schadstofftransfer KW - Mikroplastik PY - 2022 UR - https://shop.fll.de/de/fachbericht-kunststoffsportboeden-broschuere.html SP - 1 EP - 70 PB - Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau (FLL) CY - Bonn AN - OPUS4-54390 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baer, D. R. A1 - Cant, D. J. H. A1 - Castner, D. G. A1 - Ceccone, G. A1 - Engelhard, M. H. A1 - Karakoti, A. S. A1 - Müller, Anja ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan ED - Unger, Wolfgang ED - Shard, A. G. T1 - Preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis N2 - A variety of methods used to prepare nano-objects for surface analysis are described along with information about when they might be best applied. Intrinsic properties of NPs which complicate their characterization and need to be considered when planning for surface or other analyses of NPs are identified, including challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and functionalization of the particles as well as their dynamic nature. The relevant information about the sample preparation processes, along with analysis details and data that need to be added to the collection of material provenance information is identified. Examples of protocols that have been successfully used for preparation of nano-objects for surface analysis are included in an annex. KW - Sample preparation KW - Nanoparticles KW - Surface chemistry KW - XPS KW - Dynamic behavior KW - Nano-object KW - Surface analysis PY - 2020 SN - 978-0-12-814182-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00018-3 SP - 295 EP - 347 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50186 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Critical review of the current status of thickness measurements for ultrathin SiO2 on Si - Part V: Results of a CCQM pilot study N2 - Results are reported from a pilot study under the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) to compare measurements of and resolve any relevant measurement issues in, the amount of thermal SiO2 oxide on (100) and (111) orientation Si wafer substrates in the thickness range 1.5 - 8 nm. As a result of the invitation to participate in this activity, 45 sets of measurements have been made in different laboratories using 10 analytical methods: medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), RBS, elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS), XPS, SIMS, ellipsometry, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectrometry (GIXRR), neutron reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measurements are made on separate sets of 10 carefully prepared samples, all of which have been characterised by a combination of ellipsometry and XPS using carefully established reference conditions and reference parameters. The results have been assessed against the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) data and all show excellent linearity. The remaining data sets correlate with the NPL data with average root-mean-square scatters of 0.15 nm, half being better than 0.1 nm and a few at or better than 0.05 nm. Each set of data allows a relative scaling constant and a zero thickness offset to be determined. Each method has an inherent zero thickness offset between 0 nm and 1 nm and it is these offsets, measured here for the first time, that have caused many problems in the past. There are three basic classes of offset: water and carbonadeous contamination equivalent to ~1 nm as seen by ellipsometry; adsorbed oxygen mainly from water at an equivalent thickness of 0.5 nm as seen by MEIS, NRA, RBS and possibly GIXRR; and no offset as seen by XPS using the Si 2p peaks. Each technique has a different uncertainty for the scaling constant and consistent results have been achieved. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has large uncertainties for the scaling constant but a high precision and, critically, if used correctly, has zero offset. Thus, a combination of XPS and the other methods allows the XPS scaling constant to be determined with low uncertainty, traceable via the other methods. XPS laboratories returning results early were invited to test a new reference procedure. All showed very significant improvements. The reference attenuation lengths thus need scaling by 0.986 ± 0.009 (at an expansion factor of 2) deduced from the data for the other methods. Several other methods have small offsets and, to the extent that these can be shown to be constant or measurable, then these methods will also show low uncertainty. Recommendations are provided for parameters for XPS, MEIS, RBS and NRA to improve their accuracy. KW - Calibration KW - Ellipsometry KW - GIXRR KW - Interlaboratory study KW - MEIS KW - Neutron reflectometry KW - NRA KW - RBS KW - Silicon dioxide KW - SIMS KW - XPS PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1909 SN - 0142-2421 SN - 1096-9918 VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 1269 EP - 1303 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-5549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si, Part V: Results of a CCQM Pilot Study of Thickness Measurements KW - SiO2 KW - Thin films KW - Thickness KW - XPS KW - Ellipsometry KW - TEM PY - 2003 SN - 1473-2734 SP - 57 pages AN - OPUS4-4118 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abou-Ras, D. A1 - Caballero, R. A1 - Fischer, C.-H. A1 - Kaufmann, C.A. A1 - Lauermann, I. A1 - Mainz, R. A1 - Mönig, H. A1 - Schöpke, A. A1 - Stephan, C. A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Schorr, S. A1 - Eicke, A. A1 - Döbeli, M. A1 - Gade, B. A1 - Hinrichs, J. A1 - Nunney, T. A1 - Dijkstra, H. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Klemm, D. A1 - Efimova, V. A1 - Bergmaier, A. A1 - Dollinger, G. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Rockett, A.A. A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A. A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J. A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V. A1 - Schmid, T. A1 - Choi, P.-P. A1 - Müller, M. A1 - Bertram, F. A1 - Christen, J. A1 - Khatri, H. A1 - Collins, R.W. A1 - Marsillac, S. A1 - Kötschau, I. T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits. KW - Elemental distributions KW - Comparison KW - Depth profiling KW - Chemical mapping KW - Thin films KW - Solar cells KW - Chalcopyrite-type KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2 PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523 SN - 1431-9276 SN - 1435-8115 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 728 EP - 751 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-24506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Massiot, D. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Hübert, Thomas A1 - Schneider, M. A1 - Kentgens, A. A1 - Coté, B. A1 - Coutures, J. A1 - Gessner, W. T1 - Double rotation and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance study of 27Al: reexamination of the aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 N2 - 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of polycrystalline aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 have been measured in double rotation at 11.7 and 7.0 T and high-speed magic-angle spinning at 7.0, 9.4, 11.7, 14.1 and 17.6 T. Spinning sidebands from the satellite transitions were observed at 7.0 and 14.1 T. Each of the four structural aluminium sites [Al(IV), Al(V)(1), Al(V)(2) and Al(VI)] are observed, characterised and assigned in the spectra. The obtained parameter set gives a fully consistent interpretation in agreement with the crystal structure of the compound. KW - Aluminium KW - Kernresonanz, magnetisch KW - Winkel, magisch KW - Doppelrotation PY - 1995 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)00021-H SN - 0926-2040 SN - 1527-3326 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 175 EP - 180 PB - Academ. Press CY - Orlando, Fla. AN - OPUS4-639 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Dahms, A. A1 - Jakob, B. A1 - Knudsen, H.N. A1 - Afshari, A. A1 - Wargocki, P. A1 - Olesen, B. A1 - Berglund, B. A1 - Ramalho, O. A1 - Häringer, D. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Nesa, D. A1 - Loubet, F. A1 - Ruponen, M. T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by means of sensor systems, the European Project SysPAQ T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition CY - Syracuse, NY, USA DA - 2009-09-13 KW - Sensor systems KW - Perceived air quality KW - Perceived intensity PY - 2009 IS - Paper 326 SP - 1 EP - 4 CY - Syracuse, NY, USA AN - OPUS4-20106 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Dombinov, V. A1 - Vogel, Christian A1 - Willbold, S. A1 - Levandowski, G. V. A1 - Meiller, M. A1 - Müller, F. A1 - Zang, J. W. A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A. A1 - Jablonowski, N. D. A1 - Schrey, S. D. A1 - Adam, Christian T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash. KW - Sugar cane bagasse KW - Chicken manure ash KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Nutrient KW - Plant availability PY - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895 VL - 10 SP - 895 EP - 6 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-50973 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dombinov, V. A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Meiller, M. A1 - Müller, F. A1 - Willbold, S. A1 - Zang, J. W. A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A. A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Klose, H. A1 - Poorter, H. A1 - Jablonowski, N. D. A1 - Schrey, S. D. T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants. KW - Combustion and gasification KW - Phosphate extractability and availability KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD) PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632 DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924 SN - 1664-462X VL - 13 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne AN - OPUS4-56763 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Mack, D. E. A1 - Laquai, René A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Helle, O. A1 - Sebold, D. A1 - Vaßen, R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Charakterisierung der Porositäts- und Rissdichteentwicklung in Wärmedämmschichten von Gasturbinenschaufeln mittels Synchrotron Refraktions Radiographie N2 - Die Degradation von Wärmedämmschichten(thermal barrier coatings - TBCs) in Gasturbinen durch glasartige Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat (CMAS)Ablagerungen aus verschiedenen Quellen istseit vielen Jahren ein anhaltendes Problem. In dieser Studie wurde mit Hilfe derSynchrotron-Röntgen-Refraktions-Radiographie (SXRR), und vergleichend mit der Elektronenmikroskopie, das Eindringen von CMAS in die poröse Struktur von atmosphärisch plasmagespritzten (APS)TBCs sowie die Bildung und das Wachstum von Rissen unter thermisch zyklischer Belastung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Infiltration sowie deren Kinetik im Brenner-Teststand wesentlich vom Benetzungsverhalten des CMAS beeinflusst werden. Trotz desoffensichtlichen Angriffs von CMAS auf die Korngrenzen hat die Wechselwirkung von Yttriumdioxid-stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid (YSZ) mit intrudiertem CMAS keinen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf die Struktur und Dichte der innen Oberflächen(Risse, Poren). In einem späteren Stadium wird die Bildung von Rissen senkrecht zur äußeren Oberfläche in einer breiteren Zone der TBC-Schicht beobachtet. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - CMAS - Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat KW - SXRR - Synchrotron X-ray Refraction Radiography KW - TBC - Thermal barrier coatings PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526732 UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Programm#P32 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-52673 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mack, D. E. A1 - Laquai, René A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Helle, O. A1 - Sebold, D. A1 - Vaßen, R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Evolution of porosity, crack density, and CMAS penetration in thermal barrier coatings subjected to burner rig testing N2 - Degradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in gas‐turbine engines due to calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) glassy deposits from various sources has been a persistent issue since many years. In this study, state of the art electron microscopy was correlated with X‐ray refraction techniques to elucidate the intrusion of CMAS into the porous structure of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) TBCs and the formation and growth of cracks under thermal cycling in a burner rig. Results indicate that the sparse nature of the infiltration as well as kinetics in the burner rig are majorly influenced by the wetting behavior of the CMAS. Despite the obvious attack of CMAS on grain boundaries, the interaction of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with intruded CMAS has no immediate impact on structure and density of internal surfaces. At a later stage the formation of horizontal cracks is observed in a wider zone of the TBC layer. KW - Characterization KW - CMAS KW - Synchrotron X‐ray refraction radiography KW - Thermal barrier coatings PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16465 SN - 0002-7820 SN - 1551-2916 VL - 102 IS - 10 SP - 6163 EP - 6175 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-47804 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Scharmach, Martina A1 - Bär, Sylke A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Bloodworth, T. A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Pavkovic, N. A1 - Steker, I. T1 - Metalldetektor-Tests in Oberjettenberg November 2003 - Bundeswehrteststelle WTD 52 N2 - Dieses Poster befasst sich mit Testfeldern und Kalibrierflächen, Training, Minensuche in den Testfeldern, Ausmessung der Minenanzeigen, Dateiangabe und Analyse und dem Ausgraben der gefundenen Minen T2 - ITEP-Workshop 2003 CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 16.12.2003 KW - Testfelder KW - Kalibrierflächen KW - Minensuche PY - 2003 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-35853 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schmitt, M. A1 - Casperson, Ralf A1 - Baensch, F. A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Nationale, europäische und internationale Normung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung N2 - Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien erzeugt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung von Themen und Inhalten der relevanten Normen. Das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen ist ein zusätzlicher Faktor für die inhaltliche Korrektheit und die inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Norm. Denn wer nicht normt, wird genormt und muss letztlich Normen anwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestaltet haben. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden DINSpiegelgremien, welche die europäischen (CEN) und internationalen (ISO) Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexpert*innen für die Mitarbeit autorisieren. Auf internationaler Ebene findet die Normungsarbeit in den technischen Komitees ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” und ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds” und ihren Arbeitsgruppen statt. Das europäische Pendant ist das CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren” mit seinen Arbeitsgremien. Die DINSpiegelgremien sind für die deutsche Mitarbeit in diesen Gremien und die inhaltliche Bewertung der Norm-Entwürfe zuständig. T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024 CY - Osnabrück, Germany DA - 05.05.2024 KW - Normung KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Qualifizierung KW - Qualitätssicherung PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600726 DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29496 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 6 AN - OPUS4-60072 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Wozny, G. T1 - Raman-based advanced control of an absorption desorption system N2 - For absorption processes with fluctuating feed gas compositions it is vital to continuously adjust the operation point to achieve energy efficiency. In this contribution a Raman-based advanced process control (APC) is introduced for the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) using an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA). The APC is based on a Raman spectroscopic analysis of the composition and CO2 load of the scrubbing liquid and a non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) to adjust the scrubbing liquid cycle. In addition, an outer real-time optimization loop is set in place to update the set points for the absorption process depending on the current feed gas composition minimizing the energy consumption of the process. Implementation and testing of the APC have been carried out in a mini-plant at TU Berlin. During a plant operation of more than 160 hours robustness and stability of the APC were shown. T2 - 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering CY - Kopenhagen, Denmark DA - 31.05.2015 KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Advanced process control KW - CO2 KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Absorption KW - Process analytical technology PY - 2015 UR - https://www.elsevier.com/books/12th-international-symposium-on-process-systems-engineering-and-25th-european-symposium-on-computer-aided-process-engineering/author/978-0-444-63429-0 SN - 9780444634290 SN - 9780444634450 VL - 37 SP - 1523 EP - 1528 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-37669 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Kraemer, B. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Maiwald, Michael A1 - Wozny, G. T1 - Improved desorption control via Raman spectroscopy N2 - In this contribution a Raman spectrometer based control structure for the heating of a desorption column is proposed. For this purpose calibration experiments for the absorption of carbon dioxide using monoethanolamine solutions are carried out and calibration models are developed to measure both carbon dioxide liquid loads and monoethanolamine mass fractions. The calibration experiments are supported by online NMR spectroscopy to accurately measure the appearance of all species in the electrolyte system. Both models are tested during the plant operation of a mini-plant for the oxidative coupling of methane and the proof of concept for the control structure is given. The Raman spectroscopy implemented in the ATEX conform mini-plant shows a reliable and robust performance being even indifferent to impurities hindering the GC analysis. T2 - 20th International Conference of Process Engineering and Chemical Plant Design CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 15.10.2014 KW - Absorption KW - Carbon capture KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - desorption control KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Process analytical technology PY - 2014 UR - https://www.verfahrenstechnik.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/fg158/Dokumente/Manuskripte/2014/20th-ICPEPD-Proceedings.pdf SN - 978-3-00-047364-7 SP - 223 EP - 233 PB - Technische Universität Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-37399 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Hydroformylation of long-chained alkenes in microemulsions: Raman-spectrometer assisted mini-plant operation N2 - Hydroformylation in microemulsions under mild reaction conditions is investigated using a Rhodium-based catalyst yields high selectivity of 98:2 of the desired linear product. A successful mini-plant operation for over 130 hours was performed. Online concentration monitoring of the system was done using 785nm Raman spectrometer. T2 - Conference: 9th International Symposium on Catalysis in Multiphase Reactors CY - Lyon, France DA - 07.12.2014 KW - Hydroformylierung KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Online monitoring KW - Prozessanalytik PY - 2014 AN - OPUS4-37400 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Kraemer, B. A1 - Zientek, Nicolai A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Eine robuste Prozessanalytik für die Reaktivabsorption von CO2 aus industriellen Gasströmen basierend auf Online-NMR- und -Raman-Spektroskopie N2 - Die Abtrennung von CO2 aus industriellen Gasströmen ist eine großtechnisch wichtige Trennaufgabe. Neben der Aufarbeitung von Erdgas werden diese Verfahren zur Verminderung der CO2-Emission durch industrielle Rauchgase, insbesondere für alternativlose Prozesse wie die Stahl- und Zementproduktion diskutiert. T2 - 10. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik CY - Gerlingen, Germany DA - 25.11.2014 KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - CO2-Absorption KW - CCS PY - 2014 UR - http://arbeitskreis-prozessanalytik.de/images/stories/Veranstaltungen/Kolloquien/10_kolloquium_2014/tagungsband_10_kolloquium_ak_prozessanalytik_2014_hq-druck_f.pdf SP - P03, 23 EP - 23 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38359 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Chemometric modeling of on-line Raman spectra from miniplant operation N2 - The project InPROMPT aims to establish a robust hydroformylation reaction process of the alkene n-dodecene to the aldehyde n-tridecanal using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. This industrial relevant production process demands further research for optimization and expansion. For that purpose, the fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer is directly introduced in the product stream, which enables the recording of spectra within short control intervals. T2 - 10. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik CY - Gerlingen, Germany DA - 25.11.2014 KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Chemometrics KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Hydroformylation PY - 2014 UR - http://arbeitskreis-prozessanalytik.de/images/stories/Veranstaltungen/Kolloquien/10_kolloquium_2014/tagungsband_10_kolloquium_ak_prozessanalytik_2014_hq-druck_f.pdf SP - P12, 34 EP - 34 PB - BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38361 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. F. A1 - Nayeri, C. N. A1 - Paschereit, C. O. A1 - Greenblatt, D. T1 - Airfoil synchronous surging and pitching N2 - Combined surging and pitching of an airfoil at the identical frequency (i.e. synchronously), at four different phase differences, was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The most general unsteady theoretical formulation was adopted to calculate the lift coefficient, and then extended to explicitly compute the unsteady bound vortex sheet. This was used for comparison with experiments and facilitated the computation of both Joukowsky and impulsive-pressure lift contributions. Experiments were performed using a symmetric 18 % thick airfoil in an unsteady wind tunnel at an average Reynolds number of 3.0*10^5 , with a free-stream oscillation amplitude of 51 %, an angle-of-attack range of 2° +- 2° and a reduced frequency of 0.097. In general, excellent correspondence was observed between theory and experiment, representing the first direct experimental validation of the general theory. It was shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that the lift coefficient was not accurately represented by independent superposition of surging and pitching effects, due to variations in the instantaneous effective reduced frequency not accounted for during pure pitching. Deviations from theory, observed at angle-of-attack phase leads of 90° and 180°, were attributed to bursting of separation bubbles during the early stages of the acceleration phase. The largest deviations occurred when the impulsive-pressure lift contribution was small relative to the Joukowsky contribution, because the latter was most affected by bubble bursting. Bubble bursting resulted in large form-drag oscillations that occurred at identical phase angles within the oscillation cycle, irrespective of the phase difference between surging and pitching, as well as in the absence of pitching. KW - Unsteady aerodynamics KW - Dynamic stall KW - Separation bubble KW - Bubble bursting PY - 2025 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630068 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.220 SN - 1469-7645 VL - 1009 SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - Cambridge University Press (CUP) AN - OPUS4-63006 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sittner, Jonathan A1 - Götze, Jens A1 - Müller, Axel A1 - Renno, Axel D. A1 - Ziegenrücker, René A1 - Pan, Yuanming T1 - Trace element analysis and luminescence behavior of quartz in pegmatites of the Tørdal Region, Norway N2 - This publication presents a study on the mineral chemistry and luminescence properties of quartz samples from pegmatites of the Tørdal region in Norway. A total of 12 samples were analyzed using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR), and Cathodoluminescence (CL) to gain insights into their trace element concentration and distribution as well as their luminescence behavior. The samples are characterized by different Cl emissions at 450 nm, 500 nm 650 nm and an additional shoulder at 390 nm, which is only partially visible due to the absorption of the glass optics. Of these luminescence bands, the 500 nm band is the most dominant in most samples and it is characterized by an initial blue-green luminescence, which is not stable under electron irradiation. Moreover, it is characterized by a heterogeneous distribution within the samples. This luminescence can be mostly assigned to [AlO4/M+]0 defects, with charge compensation mostly achieved by Li+. Analyses by EPR spectroscopy prove the dominance of structurally bound Al, Li, and Ti ions in the investigated samples. Further analyses using SIMS mapping demonstrate that Na and K are mainly bound to micro fractures or inclusions, suggesting a limited role in the compensation of the luminescence centers. Additionally, the SIMS mappings show that some samples contain Al-rich clusters of 10 to 20 µm in diameter, whereas other trace elements are characterized by a homogeneous distribution. These clusters correspond to bright luminescence areas in size and shape and could potentially indicate H+ compensated [AlO4/M+]0 defects. KW - Quartz KW - Trace elements KW - SIMS KW - Cathodoluminescence KW - EPR KW - Tørdal KW - Pegmatite PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612529 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122427 VL - 670 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Elsevier BV AN - OPUS4-61252 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Medina, A. A1 - Ol, M. V. A1 - Greenblatt, D. A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph T1 - High-Amplitude Surge of a Pitching Airfoil: Complementary Wind- and Water-Tunnel Measurements N2 - RECENT interest in gust response, rotorcraft forward flight and wind energy, among other applications, has focused on streamwise oscillations of nominally two-dimensional airfoils in attached and separated flows. The airfoil may be simultaneously held at constant incidence or execute some maneuver, such as pitch. The relative freestream is spatially uniform but temporally unsteady, and this can be accomplished in a ground-test facility in two ways. The first method is to vary the output of the prime mover, such as the rotational speed of the impeller or the blower driving a wind tunnel, or (alternatively) to vary the pressure drop in the tunnel, thereby varying the flow speed in the test section, despite nominally constant primemover revolutions per minute. The second method is used to keep the tunnel’s operating speed constant, as well as to move the test article in the streamwise direction, fore and aft (for example, via an electric linear motor), such that the relative freestream speed felt by the test article varies according to some waveform. Typically, the latter approach is chosen in water tunnels, where there is too much tunnel-circuit inertia to vary the flow speed directly but where the usually low tunnel test section flow speeds enable large excursions in the relative freestream by oscillation of the test article. In fact, outright reverse flow is possible by moving the test article in the laboratory frame at a higher speed than the water-tunnel flow speed. In either case, a sinusoidal relative-speed waveform is the most intuitively realizable, and this can be combined with similar oscillations in the airfoil incidence angle or other kinematics. Although the two methods of realizing streamwise oscillations are mechanically distinct, experimental comparisons between an oscillating test article in a water tunnel and a stationary test article in a wind tunnel with a louvermechanismhave demonstrated agreement in themeasured lift and drag histories. Such experimentswere performed by Granlund et al. for a 10% freestream amplitude oscillation and fixed airfoil incidence, comparing a free-surface water tunnel and a closed-circuit wind tunnel. After buoyancy was subtracted from the wind-tunnel data (resulting from the louver pressure drop) and the model inertia subtracted from the water-tunnel data (resulting from acceleration of the test article), the remaining lift and drag histories matched well at the low freestream oscillation amplitude regime. The work of Granlund et al. was later extended to high-advance-ratio streamwise oscillations of 50% amplitude by Greenblatt et al., where the aerodynamic histories of the water-tunnel and wind-tunnel facilities were compared in combined pitch and freestreamoscillations (governed by relative pitch phase), pure pitch oscillations, and purely freestream oscillations. Agreement between the two facilities’ data for fixed-incidence streamwise oscillations was reasonably good, and in fact, better than agreement in just the static lift and drag, evidently owing to differences in blockage and model-support systems. Additionally, Greenblatt et al. determined there was no strong coupling between simultaneous freestream oscillations and pitch oscillations on resultant lift and moment coefficients. KW - Wind energy KW - Dynamic stall KW - Deep stall KW - Airfoil surging KW - Airfoil pitching PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J056408 SN - 0001-1452 SN - 1533-385X VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - 1703 EP - 1709 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AN - OPUS4-43994 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greenblatt, D. A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph T1 - Laminar separation bubble bursting in a surging stream N2 - The effect of high-amplitude harmonic surging on airfoil laminar separation bubbles, at small angles of attack, was investigated experimentally in a dedicated surging-flow wind tunnel. A generalized pressure coefficient was developed that accounts for local static pressure variations due to surging. This critical generalization facilitated direct comparisons between surging and quasisteady pressure coefficients, and thus unsteady effects could be distinguished from Reynolds number effects. A momentum-integral boundary layer analysis was implemented to determine movement of the bubble separation point, and movement of the transition point was extracted from experimental surface pressure coefficients. The most significant finding was that bubble bursting occurs, counterintuitively, during early imposition of the favorable temporal pressure gradient, because the favorable pressure gradient rapidly drives the bubble aft, rendering it unable to reattach. This surge-induced dynamic stall mechanism resulted in large lift and form-drag coefficient oscillations. Furthermore, failure to implement the generalized pressure coefficient definition resulted in temporal form-drag coefficient errors of up to 400 counts. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Boundary layer receptivity, stability & separation KW - Boundary layers PY - 2023 DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.L012102 SN - 2469-990X VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - American Physical Society AN - OPUS4-56860 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Calmon, P. A1 - Carter, L. A1 - Fischer, J. A1 - Forsyth, D. A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - McGrath, B. A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Rummel, W. A1 - Schubert, F. A1 - Selby, G. T1 - Summary of the "open space technology discussions" on reliability of NDE N2 - Since the beginnings of the European American Workshops (EAW) in 1997, the aim was to gather the experts in NDE reliability and discuss burning topics with the aim of identifying crucial problems and suggesting ways to move forward. This was usually achieved during the so-called break-out sessions, in which predetermined topics were discussed. During the 5th EAW, held in Berlin in 2013, this approach was replaced by an Open Space Technology (OST) approach. The benefit of this approach is seen in the freedom of topic choices, i. e., the topics are not predetermined but rather arise at that moment in that space and by the participants’ choice. The following topics arose: new reliability methods (Bayesian, MAPOD, …), structural health monitoring, definition of requirements of NDE by customer versus provider, what value of POD is good enough?, human factors, manual versus automated inspection, and basic concepts of reliability of NDE. The participants were encouraged to walk from one session to another and openly express their opinions. These were in the end summarized by a chosen group of moderators and presented in this paper. N2 - Seit den Anfängen der europäischen amerikanischen Workshops (EAW) im Jahr 1997 war es das Ziel, Experten auf dem Gebiet der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit zusammenzuführen und aktuelle Themen zu diskutieren, um wichtige Probleme zu identifizieren und Wege für deren Lösung vorzuschlagen. Dies wurde in der Regel während der sogenannten „Break-out Sessions“ erreicht, in denen vorgegebene Themen diskutiert wurden. Während des 5. EAW, der in Berlin im Jahr 2013 stattfand, wurde dieser Ansatz durch einen Open Space Technology (OST) Ansatz ersetzt. Open Space ist eine Methode der Gruppenmoderation, die sehr gut geeignet ist, um neue Ideen zu entwickeln und selbstständiges Arbeiten zu fördern, d. h. die Themen werden nicht vorgegeben, sondern ergeben sich in diesem Moment in diesem Raum und durch die Wahl der Teilnehmer. Die folgenden Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: neue Zuverlässigkeitsmethoden (Bayes, MAPOD, ...…), Structural Health Monitoring, Definition von Anforderungen der Kunden gegenüber den ZfP-Anbietern, Welcher Wert der POD ist gut genug?, der Einfluss menschlicher Faktoren, manuelle gegenüber automatisierte Prüfung, sowie Grundkonzepte der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit. Die Teilnehmer wurden aufgefordert, von einer Sitzung zur anderen zu wechseln und offen ihre Meinung zu äußern. Diese Meinungen wurden am Ende von einer ausgewählten Gruppe von Moderatoren zusammengefasst und werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. KW - NDE reliability KW - POD KW - Bayesian approach KW - Structural health monitoring KW - Human factors KW - Open space technology PY - 2014 UR - http://www.hanser-elibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.3139/120.110604 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110604 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 56 IS - 7-8 SP - 602 EP - 606 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-31269 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Calmon, P. A1 - Carter, L. A1 - Fisher, J. A1 - Forsyth, D. A1 - Holstein, R. A1 - McGrath, B. A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Rummel, W. A1 - Schubert, F. A1 - Selby, G. T1 - Summary of the open space technology discussions N2 - The highlight of 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) was the “Open Space Technology“(OST) discussion. The aim of the 5thEAW and, in particular, of the OST discussion - was to shed light on the reasons, which create a “deltcT between all the qualifications and reliability models and the real reliability in the field. In the previous 4 Workshops, the different topics of interest were discussed in the so-called break-out sessions, in which a specific goal for each working group was defined beforehand. In order not to move on “the old rails” in search for an answer, the break-out sessions were this year replaced by an open space approach. The reason for this was not to restrict the participants to a certain number of topics, but rather to allow the topics to arisefrom the interests of the participants and the needs of both the researchers and the NDT practitioners. This was achieved through setting up a wall of ideas. Each of the participantswas asked to write down as many questions or topics as they wanted, and pin them up on the wall throughout the duration of the entire Workshop. Finally, when the participants gathered for the discussion, those ideas were organized into 6 main topics: A. New reliability methods: Multiparameter POD, MAPOD, Bayesian B. Structural health monitoring C. Applications in industry D. Human factors E. Integrated Solutions and “delta" F. Basic concepts of reliability of NDE As in the spirit of the OST, in which the participants themselves determine the topics and decide how the discussion will flow, the participants from the topics C, D and E joined their forces and disused together. The groups separated and, under the moderation of several experts in different NDT reliability fields, the different issues have been discussed. At the end of the day the Groups were asked to present the content and the results of their work. Every group wrote a summary of the discussion. The purpose of this paper is to present the summaries of the held discussions and, therewith, share with the NDT community the main conclusions. T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 07.10.2013 PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-940283-53-5 IS - DGZfP-BB 144 SP - 1 EP - 7 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-31271 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Westad, Frank A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Repke, J.-U. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Online Spectroscopy in Microemulsions – A Process Analytical Approach for a Hydroformylation Mini-plant N2 - Within the Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins is studied in a mini-plant, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro¬emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the high sensitivity of this multi-phase system with regard to changes in temperature and composition demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve a reliable and economic plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both online NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control. The lab-scale experiments were supported by off-line GC-analysis as a reference method. A fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer was directly integrated into the reactor. 25 mixtures with varying concentrations of olefin (1-dodecene), product (n-tridecanal), water, n-dodecane, and technical surfactant (Marlipal 24/70) were prepared according to a D-optimal design. Online NMR spectroscopy was implemented by using a flow probe equipped with 1/16” PFA tubing serving as a flow cell. This was hyphenated to the reactor within a thermostated bypass to maintain process conditions in the transfer lines. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established based on the initial spectra after activation of the reaction with syngas for the prediction of unknown concentrations of 1-dodecene and n-tridecanal over the course of the reaction in the lab-scale system. The obtained Raman spectra do not only contain information on the chemical composition but are further affected by the emulsion properties of the mixtures, which depend on the phase state and the type of micelles. Based on the spectral signature of both Raman and NMR spectra, it could be deduced that especially in reaction mixtures with high 1-dodecene content the formation of isomers as a competitive reaction was dominating. Similar trends were also observed during some of the process runs in the mini-plant. The multivariate calibration allowed for the estimation of reactants and products of the hydroformylation reaction in both laboratory setup and mini-plant. T2 - 4th European Conference on Process Analytics and Control Technology (EuroPACT 2017) CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 10.05.2017 KW - Microemulsions KW - Process Analytical Technology KW - Reaction Monitoring KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy KW - Online Raman Spectroscopy PY - 2017 SP - 64 EP - 64 CY - Frankfurt a. M. AN - OPUS4-40228 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Process spectroscopy in microemulsions - setup and multi-spectral approach for reaction monitoring of a homogeneous hydroformylation process N2 - Reaction monitoring in disperse systems, such as emulsions, is of significant technical importance in various disciplines like biotechnological engineering, chemical industry, food science, and a growing number other technical fields. These systems pose several challenges when it comes to process analytics, such as heterogeneity of mixtures, changes in optical behavior, and low optical activity. Concerning this, online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for process monitoring in complex reaction mixtures due to its unique direct comparison abilities, while at the same time being non-invasive and independent of optical properties of the sample. In this study the applicability of online-spectroscopic methods on the homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation system of 1-dodecene to tridecanal is investigated, which is operated in a mini-plant scale at Technische Universität Berlin. The design of a laboratory setup for process-like calibration experiments is presented, including a 500 MHz online NMR spectrometer, a benchtop NMR device with 43 MHz proton frequency as well as two Raman probes and a flow cell assembly for an ultraviolet and visible light (UV/VIS) spectrometer. Results of high-resolution online NMR spectroscopy are shown and technical as well as process-specific problems observed during the measurements are discussed. KW - Online-spectroscopy KW - Quantitative NMR spectroscopy KW - Process analytical technology KW - Microemulsions PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa54f3 SN - 0957-0233 SN - 1361-6501 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 035501-1 EP - 035501-11 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd. AN - OPUS4-39091 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant I – Experimental setup and NMR reaction monitoring N2 - Hydroformylation represents an important homogeneous catalyzed process, which is widely used within chemical industry. Usually applied with simple alkenes like Propene and Butene aldehydes obtained from alkenes >C6 are relevant intermediates in production of plasticizers, surfactants and polymers. Today the active catalyst species is often based on valuable Rhodium complexes in aqueous solution. This implies the problem of limited water solubility of the reactands, which is acceptable for short chain lengths, but states a problem in case of higher alkenes. Along with that efficient separation and recycling of the catalyst becomes more complicated. There are different approaches tackling this problem, e.g., by using of salt formation in the BASF process or downstream distillation within the Shell process T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik CY - Wien, Austria DA - 30.11.2015 KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Process analytical technology KW - Emuslions KW - Hydroformylation KW - Online NMR spectroscopy KW - Reaction monitoring PY - 2015 SP - 51 EP - 51 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38845 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Westad, Frank A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Wozny, G. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant II - Calibration and prediction by Raman spectra N2 - The Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT aims to establish a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro-emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the temperature and concentration sensitive multi-phase system demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve an operational and economically feasible plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control assistance. The lab-scale experiments were supported by sampling for off-line GC-analysis as reference analytics. The results of the NMR experiments will be part of another contribution. T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik CY - Wien, Austria DA - 30.11.2015 KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Process analytical technology KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie KW - Emulsions KW - Hydroformylation KW - Reaction monitoring KW - Raman spectroscopy PY - 2015 SP - 66 EP - 67 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-38846 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kanzler, D. A1 - Müller, Christina T1 - How much information do we need? A reflection of the correct use of real defects in POD-evaluations N2 - To evaluate the capability of a non destructive testing system the “truth” of the used defects is essential. But what exactly is the truth of a real defect? And how much information is usable for the study? This presentation gives an overview about an advanced use of multiple metallographic cuts for the POD evaluation. In the presentation an approach is shown where information of metallographic studies are reconstructed and weighted to gain the essential information about real defects and which information are important for the detection with radiographic testing equipment. Furthermore, different connection points are discussed were additional knowledge from simulation and artificial defects can be used to gain additional certainty for the result of the evaluation. The methodology is used for the evaluation for the digital radiographic testing system for the testing of electron-beam welds, which is one possible choice to seal the Finnish copper canisters for the final deposit of spent nuclear fuel. T2 - 42nd annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation: Incorporating the 6th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE CY - Minneapolis, MN, USA DA - 25.07.2015 KW - NDT KW - POD KW - Radiography PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4940652 SN - 0094-243X VL - 1706 SP - 200008-1 EP - 200008-7 PB - AIP Publishing AN - OPUS4-37596 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kanzler, D. A1 - Müller, Christina T1 - Evaluating RT systems with a new POD approach N2 - The usefulness and purpose of evaluating nondestructive testing (NDT) systems and their capabilities has changed in the last decade. The conventional method of simply applying a familiar statistical algorithm to say whether the system is usable for the tasks is history. Nowadays, multiple parameter methods which describe the probabilities of detection (POD) of different systems or real defects need new characteristics and a broader variety of statistical models to describe the true system behaviour. The appraisal of the NDT system involves diverse departments within a company (engineering, NDT-operators, and statisticians), but is, at the same time, more needed and requested than in the past. In this article, an approach is discussed in which professionals from different fields worked well together, accomplishing cost-intensive metallographic studies in correlation with well-understood physical behaviour of NDT-methods as well as deep-discussed mathematical methods to create a holistic evaluation of the technical reliability for a specific radiographic testing (RT) equipment. The first part of the publication will show the comparison between metallographic grinding and the RT indications. An essential innovation over past evaluation methods was the use of a multi-scale smoothing algorithm, which describes physical parameters, which were not used in evaluation like the POD in this way in the past. In the second part the statistical requirements for the POD take the focus. It can often be hard to make significant statements; especially in the case where only a small amount of data is available. The combination of data and the use of knowledge from simulations are essential. One possible solution will be shown for the RT evaluation. The methodology is used for evaluating the digital RT system for the inspection of electron-beam welds, which was method considered to seal the Finnish copper canisters for the final deposit of spent nuclear fuel. T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing CY - München, Germany DA - 13.06.2016 KW - NDT KW - Reliability KW - POD KW - RT PY - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-375732 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt2016/papers/we1d4.pdf SP - id 19535, 1 EP - 8 AN - OPUS4-37573 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Meyer, Klas A1 - Ruiken, J.-P. A1 - Illner, M. A1 - Paul, Andrea A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Esche, E. A1 - Repke, J.-U. A1 - Maiwald, Michael T1 - Prozessanalytik für die moderne Verfahrenstechnik – Online-NMR- und -Raman-Spektroskopie im mizellaren Stoffsystem N2 - Homogen katalysierte Reaktionen sind wichtige Werkzeuge der chemischen Industrie. Milde Reaktionsbedingungen und hohe Selektivitäten führen zu einer energie- und ressourcenschonenden Produktion. Ein bedeutender Prozessschritt ist die Hydroformylierung. Hier kommen Kobalt- und Rhodiumkomplexe mit mehrzähnigen Liganden zum Einsatz, die zumeist in wässriger Lösung vorliegen. Die Anwendbarkeit beschränkt sich demnach auf kurzkettige Edukte mit hinreichender Wasserlöslichkeit. T2 - ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 32. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen 2016 CY - Aachen, Germany DA - 12.09.2016 KW - Hydroformylierung KW - Prozessanalytik KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie KW - NMR-Spektroskopie KW - Raman-Spektroskopie KW - Mizellen PY - 2016 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cite.201650219/epdf DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650219 SN - 1522-2640 VL - 88 SP - 1304 EP - 1317 PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-37316 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Krumbholz, N. A1 - Jansen, A. A1 - Scheller, M. A1 - Müller-Wirts, T. A1 - Lübbecke, S. A1 - Holzwarth, R. A1 - Scheunemann, R. A1 - Wilk, R. A1 - Sartorius, B. A1 - Roehle, H. A1 - Stanze, D. A1 - Beckmann, Jörg A1 - von Chrzanowski, Lars A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Koch, M. ED - Keith A. Krapels, ED - Neil A. Salmon, T1 - Handheld terahertz spectrometer for the detection of liquid explosives N2 - We present a handheld fiber-coupled terahertz spectrometer operating at a center wavelength of 1550 nm. The key elements are a fs-fiber laser, a fiber stretcher delay line and fiber-coupled antennas, which contain novel InAlAs-InGaAs multi layer chips. First experimental data obtained with this system demonstrates its great potential and robustness. In addition, we investigate different hazardous and harmless liquids in reflection geometry. These experiments show that liquids are in principle distinguishable by terahertz spectroscopy. Finally, first steps towards an algorithm that allows for an extraction of the liquids dielectric properties are discussed. The algorithm works for the analysis of reflection data even if the liquid is located inside a container. KW - Handheld terahertz spectrometer KW - Liquid explosives PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.830381 SN - 0277-786X VL - 7485 SP - 748504-1 - 748504-12 AN - OPUS4-20268 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Joschko, M. A1 - Reinhold, J. A1 - Barkusky, D. A1 - Wiemer, M. A1 - Remus, R. A1 - Busse, J. A1 - Müller, H.-J. A1 - Kiesel, J. A1 - Gleixner, G. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kirchner, M. A1 - Oehley, J. A1 - Gerlach, F. T1 - Wirkung einer organischen Düngung mit Seeschlamm auf sandigem Boden im nordostdeutschen Trockengebiet PY - 2009 SP - 1 EP - 162 CY - Frankfurt/Main AN - OPUS4-20928 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernhardt, R. A1 - Scharnweber, D. A1 - Müller, B. A1 - Thurner, P. A1 - Schliephake, K. A1 - Wyss, P. A1 - Beckmann, F. A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Worch, H. T1 - Comparison of microfocus- and synchrotron X-ray tomography for the analysis of osteointegration around T16AL4V-implants N2 - Micro-computed tomography (µCT) provides quantitative three-dimensional information of bone around titanium implants similar to classical histology. The study, based on an animal model, using cuboid-shaped biofunctionalised Ti6Al4V implants with surrounding bone after 4 weeks, is performed using 3 µCT-systems with X-ray tubes, one synchrotron-radiation-based µCT-system (SRµCT), and classical histology. Although the spatial resolution of the µCTsystems is comparable, only the results of SRµCT agree with results of classical histology. The X-ray tube sources give rise to huge artefacts in the tomograms (interface scattering, beam hardening), which impaired the quantitative analysis of bone up to about 200 µm from the implant surface. Due to the non-destructive character of µCT the specimens can be subsequently examined by classical histology without restriction. The quantitative comparison of bone formation uncovers the strong dependence of the detected amount of newly formed bone from the selected slice. This implies the necessity of 3D analysis. SRµCT and classical histology prove that surface modifications of the titanium implant significantly influence the bone formation. Using SRµCT, the preparation artefacts due to cutting and polishing are excluded. KW - X-ray micro computed tomography KW - Comparison of microfocus and synchrotron radiation KW - Osteointegration KW - Surface modification of titanium implants KW - Histology KW - Bone segmentation KW - Quantification of bone formation PY - 2004 UR - http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/papers/vol007/vol007a05.php SN - 1473-2262 VL - 7 SP - 42 EP - 51 PB - Univ. of Wales CY - Aberystwyth, Wales AN - OPUS4-5600 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolar, J. A1 - Strlic, M. A1 - Müller-Hess, D. A1 - Gruber, A. A1 - Troschke, K. A1 - Pentzien, Simone A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang T1 - Near-UV and visible pulsed laser interaction with paper N2 - The applicability of excimer laser at 308 nm and Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm with fluences below 0.86 J/cm2 for cleaning of cellulose and paper materials was evaluated. The extent of degradation of purified cotton cellulose and Fabriano paper after laser treatment as well as after a period of accelerated humid oven ageing was determined by following the changes in the degree of polymerization. While irradiation of paper with the excimer laser at 308 nm results in depolymerization of cellulose accompanied by a decrease in ISO brightness, no detrimental effects of Nd:YAG laser treatments were observed. PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(00)00149-7 SN - 1296-2074 SN - 1778-3674 VL - 1 IS - sup.1 SP - 221 EP - 224 PB - Elsevier CY - Paris AN - OPUS4-5979 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Bär, Sylke A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Bloodworth, T. A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Guelle, D. ED - Harmon, R. S. T1 - Optimizing detector trials for humanitarian demining T2 - Conference 2004 CY - Orlando, FL, USA DA - 2004-04-12 KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche KW - Feldtests KW - Modulares Modell KW - Metalldetektor PY - 2004 SN - 0-8194-5338-2 DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541124 SN - 1605-7422 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. N1 - Serientitel: SPIE proceedings series – Series title: SPIE proceedings series IS - 5415 SP - 1323 EP - 1334 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham, Wash. AN - OPUS4-6045 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Bloodworth, T. A1 - Wilrich, Peter-Th. A1 - Guelle, D. T1 - ITEP project 2.1.1.2 - Final report - Reliability model for test and evaluation of metal detectors N2 - Metal detectors used in demining have been tested within the frame of the International Test and Evaluation Programme project ITEP 2.1.1.2. Detection reliability tests were performed in accordance with the CEN workshop agreement describing specifications for test and evaluation (CWA 14747:2003). Results of these tests are aimed to verify and should help to optimise the proposed testing procedures. KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche KW - Feldtests KW - Modulares Modell KW - Metalldetektor PY - 2004 UR - http://www.itep.ws/pdf/Itep_no2.1.1.2_reliability_model.pdf N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. SP - 1 EP - 51 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-6049 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Bär, Sylke A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Bloodworth, T. A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Wilrich, Peter-Th. T1 - ITEP-Test Trials for Detection Reliability Assessment of Metal Detectors N2 - The total reliability of a mine searching system is driven by the triple of intrinsic capability, which describes the physical-technical basis capability, the application and environmental factors and the human factors. Some of them can be determined in laboratory measurements but the human factor and a part of environment conditions and their interaction with the device need to be treated statistically. That is why the test & evaluation procedure described in CEN CWA 14747:2003, includes in addition to parameter tests of metal detectors also the reliability or blind field tests under local conditions with local personnel. A series of three big field trials had been accomplished in the ITEP-project 2.1.1.2 “Reliability Model for Test & Evaluation of Metal Detectors” to specify the optimum conditions for reliable trial results with affordable effort. For each set of specific working conditions, characterized in terms of a combination of one mine type in one soil with one detector handled by local personnel, the searching system will show up a working performance in mine detection rates as a function of mine depth and show up a certain overall false call rate. During the ITEP-trials in Benkovac and Oberjettenberg the authors learnt to determine this function separately for each mine type in each soil, which is especially important for low metal mines in uncooperative soil which will be illustrated for the mine PMA2 in different types of soil. The question of representativeness for field conditions on the one hand and necessary statistical set up for the possibility to distinguish between individual detector performances is still under discussion. KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche KW - Feldtests KW - Modulares Modell KW - Metalldetektor PY - 2005 UR - http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/8.2/rd/mueller.htm SN - 1533-9440 SN - 1533-6905 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. IS - 8.2 SP - 86 EP - 90 CY - Harrisonburg AN - OPUS4-6041 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Hess, D. A1 - Troschke, K.K. A1 - Kolar, J. A1 - Strlic, M. A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang A1 - Pentzien, Simone T1 - Laserreinigung von Papier - Zwischenbericht des Eurocare-Projektes 1681 LACLEPA PY - 2001 SN - 0933-4017 IS - 8 SP - 604 EP - 610 PB - Callwey CY - München AN - OPUS4-6282 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Güttler, B. A1 - Schiel, D. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Lippitz, Andreas A1 - Müller, J.-P. T1 - Physical and Chemical Characterization of Thermal and Native Siliconoxide layers on Silicon T2 - Symposium "Reference Materials for Technologies in the New Millenium" CY - Berlin, BAM, Germany DA - 2000-05-22 PY - 2000 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) AN - OPUS4-6924 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Sieber, A. T1 - Proposals for Performance Demonstration and Modular Reliability Assessment for Humanitarian Demining N2 - For safe and reliable demining it is necessary to determine the actual true performance of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. The subject to detect a hidden subject by penetrating physical interaction with the target is similar to that of non-destructive testing where it is looked for hidden cracks etc. in material via waves and rays. The non destructive testing profession is now about 100 years old and developed some procedures to check reliability of testing. Those principles like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false calls rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are analysed. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CEN BT 126 CWA07 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. A number of blind trials were accomplished within an ITEP project to learn about the necessary statistical layout of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance to selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in these investigations was on the influence of the human factor due to the degree of experience of the operators and the infulence of uncooperative soil. The correlation of the results of the physical parameter measurement and the statistical results is analysed in a first attempt. T2 - EUDEM2-SCOT conference on requirements and technologies for the detection, removal and neutralization of landmines and UXO CY - Brussels, Belgium DA - 2003-09-15 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.itep.ws/pdf/Mueller_Eudem2003_1.pdf N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. VL - 1 SP - 233 EP - 241 AN - OPUS4-2785 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Lewis, A. A1 - Sieber, A. T1 - Performance Demonstration for Humanitarian Demining N2 - Because the demining process is always connected with a danger for human beings, it is necessary to make sure the proper functioning of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. Detecting a hidden target by penetrating physical interaction of rays or waves is similar to non-destructive testing. The non-destructive testing profession developed procedures to check the reliability of testing. These procedures, like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false call rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are used as a template. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CWA 14747: 2003 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. Within an ITEP project a number of blind trials were carried out to learn about the necessary statistical basis of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance for the selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in this first investigation was on the influence of the human factor due to the different degree of experience of the operators and the influence of the soil. PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2003-0004 SN - 0025-5300 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. VL - 45 IS - 11-12 SP - 504 EP - 512 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-2786 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Guelle, D. A1 - Lewis, A. T1 - Metal Detector Test Trials in Germany and Croatia - ITEP Project 2.1.1.2 T2 - MATEST 2003 NDT Achievements and Challenges CY - Brijuni-Pula, Croatia DA - 2003-09-28 KW - Demining KW - Metal detectors KW - Reliability tests KW - ROC diagrams KW - Test and evaluation KW - CWA07 PY - 2003 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. SP - 1(?) EP - 15(?) AN - OPUS4-2784 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Tscharntke, D. A1 - Boehm, Rainer A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Rydén, H. T1 - Ultrasonic Investigations on Copper Canister Welds in Preparation for the Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel in a Deep Repository T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - Ultrasonic measurement and modelling KW - Copper canister weld KW - Spent nuclear fuel KW - Encapsulation KW - Deep repository PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 7(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14056 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Threat Detection Technologies Covering an Extended Range of Eventualities T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - Hazardous and toxic gasses and vapours KW - Warfare substances KW - Threats other than explosives KW - Multi-gas sensor KW - Detection technology PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 11(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-14472 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Osterloh, Kurt A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Noske, Reinhard A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G. A1 - Ewert, Uwe T1 - Materialprüfung und Erkennung von Gefahren für die öffentliche Sicherheit T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2007 CY - Fürth, Deutschland DA - 2007-05-14 KW - Gefahrstoffe KW - Sicherheit KW - Kontrollen KW - Gefahrstoffnachweis KW - EFNDT Arbeitsgruppe 5 PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-931381-98-1 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-16074 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - von Weschpfennig, D. A1 - Malaga, Katarina T1 - Anti-Graffiti-Systeme auf Mauerwerk im Bereich der Bundesfernstraßen N2 - Ingenieurbauten des Bundesfernstraßenbereichs sind aufgrund ihrer Exposition an vielen Stellen besonders betroffen von Graffiti. Graffitischmierer nehmen hierbei keine Rücksicht auf die Art der Substratmaterialien, und besonders poröse Untergründe bereiten Schwierigkeiten bei der Reinigung. Um Baustoffoberflächen besser zu schützen und von Graffiti leichter reinigen zu können, wurden in den vergangen Jahren spezielle Prophylaxesysteme (Anti-Graffiti-Systeme, AGS) entwickelten. Für die Beurteilung der Funktionalität und Verwendbarkeit dieser Anti-Graffiti-Systeme wurden von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) eine neue Technische Prüfvorschrift und Technische Lieferbedingungen (TP/TL AGS-Beton) erarbeitet. Die TP/TL AGS-Beton gilt hierbei nur für die Beurteilung von AGS auf Betonuntergründen. In einer Forschungsstudie wurde untersucht, inwieweit die vorhandene Prüfvorschrift für Betonsubstrate auch auf andere Untergründe, z. B. Naturstein oder Klinker, angewendet werden kann. Weiterhin wurde untersucht, welche Faktoren eine Rolle bei der Reinigung von mit AGS behandelten verschiedenen Substraten spielen. KW - Anti-Graffiti-System KW - Mauerwerk KW - Beton KW - Reinigungseigenschaft KW - Graffiti KW - Bundesfernstraßenbereich KW - Bauwerkserhaltung/Sanierung KW - Mauerwerksbau KW - Anti-graffiti system KW - Masonry KW - Concrete KW - Cleaning efficacy KW - Maintenance and Repair KW - Masonry construction KW - Federal Motorway System PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.201101479 SN - 0932-8351 SN - 1437-0999 SN - 0005-6820 SN - 0341-1052 SN - 0932-6359 VL - 88 IS - 7 SP - 443 EP - 450 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-24369 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Zickler, S. A1 - Fahlbruch, B. A1 - Spokoiny, V. A1 - Schombach, D. A1 - Just, Tilman A1 - Cramer, H.-J. T1 - Untersuchungen zum Einfluss menschlicher Faktoren auf das Ergebnis von zerstörungsfreien Prüfungen, Möglichkeiten zur Minimierung dieses Einflusses und Bewertung der Prüfergebnisse KW - Menschliche Faktoren KW - ZfP KW - Manuelle Ultraschallprüfung KW - WkP KW - KKW PY - 2009 IS - BfS-Projekt SR 2514 / Endbericht SP - 1 EP - 79 CY - Salzgitter AN - OPUS4-26081 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Fahlbruch, B. A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Pitkänen, J. A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Kanzler, Daniel A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Schombach, D. T1 - Human factors approach to the acquisition and evaluation of NDT data N2 - This paper gives an introduction to the field of human factors with the focus on their influence on the reliability of NDT in the nuclear energy production (in-service inspections) and final storage of highly radioactive nuclear waste. A set of methodological tools has been developed in the scope of three projects, namely: 1) a theoretical model describing potential human factors influencing manual ultrasonic inspection performance during inservice inspections in nuclear power plants; 2) a method for identifying potential human errors during acquisition and evaluation of data gathered with mechanized ultrasonic, radiographic and eddy-current systems, as well as visual testing with a remote camera (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMEA); and 3) use of eye tracking methodology to optimize existing procedures and practices. The experimental results have shown that time pressure, mental workload and experience influence the quality of the inspection performance. Noticeable were influences from the organization of the working schedule, communication, procedures, supervision and demonstration task. Implementing human redundancy in critical tasks, such as defect identification, as well as using an automated aid (software) to help operators in decision making about the existence and size of defects, could lead to other kinds of problems, namely social loafing (excerpting less effort when working on tasks collectively as compared to working alone) and automation bias (uncritical reliance on the proper function of an automated system without recognizing its limitations and the possibilities of automation failure) that might affect the reliability of NDT in an undesired manner. T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing CY - Durban, South Africa DA - 16.04.2012 KW - Human Factors KW - Time Pressure KW - 4-Eye Principle KW - Automation Bias KW - Nuclear Waste Storage KW - In-Service Inspection (ISI) KW - Nuclear Power Plants KW - Eye Tracking KW - Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) PY - 2012 SN - 978-0-620-52872-6 SP - 1 EP - 10 (Paper 198) AN - OPUS4-27583 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Konchina, V. A1 - Markucic, D. A1 - Piscenec, Z. T1 - General principles of reliability assessment of NDE systems and its applicability to the mine detection practice N2 - The reliability investigations are dedicated to throw light on the performance of the NDE system with respect to the required aim. This is especially of interest when it is looked for life damaging objects in the case of mine seeking and when it is even more difficult to distinguish between the different suppliers of methods concerning their actual capability. In accordance with the conception of EFNDT WG5 and CEN BT 126 CW 07 the authors have the aim to transfer the knowledge in reliability measurement of NDE systems to the reliability measurement of mine detection systems. For this the three basic ways to investigate the reliability of NDE signals will be described. The first way of investigation, the performance demonstration, is preferred e.g. in the US American nuclear power industry. This is an integral consideration of the non destructive test as a system where the whole NDE system is packed in a black box and only the input in terms of the real existing flaws in the component is considered and compared to the output in terms of the indications of the human inspector or of the automated system. The second - the European tradition – relies on a standardized description of physical/technical parameters of the NDE system which are preconditions for successful system performance. The third approach - the modular conception - is a marriage of both: The signal chain is cut into main modules. Each module is assessed in a most appropriate individual way e.g. via modeling calculations. The single results are joint together according to the reliability theory of systems where the reliability of the total system is composed of the reliability of the subsystems. Separating criteria for the system were proposed through a reliability formula developed during a series of European-American workshops on NDE reliability. A further essential parameter especially for demining systems are the repeatability and reproducibility. Their affect on the reliability and its scatter will be investigated. Examples for the ROC/POD approach in terms of the investigation of the reliability of ultrasonic manual testing and for first attempts for the reliability investigation of demining data will be presented. It will be strongly recommended to apply the ROC/POD and Modular Conceptions to the assessment and optimization of mine seeking systems. T2 - 8th ECNDT CY - Barcelona, Spain DA - 2002-06-17 PY - 2002 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt02/397/397.htm N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Barcelona AN - OPUS4-2015 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Rosenthal, Martina A1 - Wilrich, Peter-Th. A1 - Konchina, V. A1 - Markucic, D. A1 - Piscenec, Z. T1 - Proposals for Performance Demonstration and Modular Validation T2 - NDRF Summer Conference 2002 CY - Rosersberg, Sweden DA - 2002-08-28 PY - 2002 N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. SP - 1(?) EP - 10(?) AN - OPUS4-2017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. F. A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Nayeri, C. N. A1 - Paschereit, C. O. A1 - Greenblatt, D. T1 - Dynamic Stall Under Combined Pitching and Surging N2 - Dynamic stall often occurs under conditions of simultaneous unsteady pitching and surging (e.g., rotorcraft and wind turbines), butmanymodels employ a dimensionless time base that implicitly assumes that surging is superimposed, in a quasi-steady manner, on dynamic pitching. An unsteady wind tunnel was used to examine this assumption, where a technique was developed to quantify the unsteady effects of surging on a pitching NACA 0018 airfoil. The technique involved performing multiple harmonic pitching experiments under nominally steady freestream conditions that bracketed a corresponding 50% surging amplitude (1.25 ⋅ 105 ≤ Re ≤ 3.75 ⋅ 105). By interpolating these data, unsteady-pitching/quasi-steady-surging data sets were constructed and compared with de facto synchronous pitch and surging experiments, thereby isolating the unsteady effects of surging on a pitching airfoil. Both large and small poststall maximum angles of attack (αs + 5° and αs + 15°) were considered at multiple pitch-surge phase differences. During deep dynamic stall (αs � 15°), with large-scale separation, surging was seen to have a secondary effect on the unsteady aerodynamics. However, at small poststall maximum angles of attack (αs + 5°), either light or deep dynamic stall behavior was observed depending upon the pitch-surge phase difference. This was attributed to Reynolds number history effects, exemplified by boundary-layer transition, and thus it can be referred to as “transitional” dynamic stall. KW - Dynamic stall KW - Angle of attack oscillations KW - Free stream velocity osciallations PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J059153 VL - 58 IS - 12 SP - 5134 EP - 5145 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AN - OPUS4-51037 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weh, Lothar A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Moseler, D. A1 - Heide, G. A1 - Frischat, G. T1 - Topographische Untersuchungen von Glasoberflächen mit Vickers-Eindrücken T2 - 74. Glastechnische Tagung CY - Ulm, Deutschland DA - 2000-05-29 PY - 2000 SP - 237 EP - 240 PB - DGG, Dt. Glastechn. Ges. CY - Frankfurt/M. AN - OPUS4-934 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Prado, M. O. A1 - Zanotto, E. D. T1 - Model for sintering polydispersed glass particles N2 - We propose a model to describe the sintering kinetics of polydispersed glass particles, having no adjustable parameter. The model is based on three sintering stages: a pure ‘Frenkel' (F) first step, a mixed ‘Frenkel/Mackenzie–Shuttleworth' stage, and a third, pure ‘Mackenzie–Shuttleworth' (MS) step. The model considers sample shrinkage as the sum of the partial shrinkage of several clusters, each consisting of equally sized particles and each showing independent F or MS behavior. The overall set of clusters mimics the specimen's real particle size distribution. We then introduce the concept of neck forming ability, which allows the formation of necks among particles of different sizes, relaxing the clustering condition. Using experimental physical parameters: particle size distribution, viscosity, surface energy, and the theoretical neck forming ability, the model describes well the sintering kinetics of an alumino-borosilicate glass powder having polydispersed, irregular shaped particles in a variety of temperatures. The sintering kinetics of the real powder is slower, but not far from the calculated kinetics of a monodispersed distribution containing only particles of average size. Thus the model provides a tool for estimating the sintering kinetics of real glass powders, for any size distribution and temperature, thus minimizing the number of laboratory experiments. PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00399-9 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 279 IS - 2-3 SP - 169 EP - 178 PB - North-Holland Publ. Co. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. A1 - Nayeri, C. N. A1 - Paschereit, C. O. A1 - Greenblatt, D. T1 - Airfoil in a high amplitude oscillating stream N2 - A combined theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating theoretical predictions relating to a two-dimensional airfoil subjected to high amplitude harmonic oscillation of the free stream at constant angle of attack. Current theoretical approaches were reviewed and extended for the purposes of quantifying the bound, unsteady vortex sheet strength along the airfoil chord. This resulted in a closed form solution that is valid for arbitrary reduced frequencies and amplitudes. In the experiments, the bound, unsteady vortex strength of a symmetric 18 % thick airfoil at low angles of attack was measured in a dedicated unsteady wind tunnel at maximum reduced frequencies of 0.1 and at velocity oscillations less than or equal to 50 %. With the boundary layer tripped near the leading edge and mid-chord, the phase and amplitude variations of the lift coefficient corresponded reasonably well with the theory. Near the maximum lift coefficient overshoot, the data exhibited an additional high-frequency oscillation. Comparisons of the measured and predicted vortex sheet indicated the existence of a recirculation bubble upstream of the trailing edge which sheds into the wake and modifies the Kutta condition. Without boundary layer tripping, a mid-chord bubble is present that strengthens during flow deceleration and its shedding produces a dramatically different effect. Instead of a lift coefficient overshoot, as per the theory, the data exhibit a significant undershoot. This undershoot is also accompanied by high-frequency oscillations that are characterized by the bubble shedding. In summary, the location of bubble and ist subsequent shedding play decisive roles in the resulting temporal aerodynamic loads. KW - vortex shedding KW - aerodynamics KW - general fluid mechanics PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.126 SN - 0022-1120 VL - 2016 IS - 793 SP - 79 EP - 108 AN - OPUS4-35594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Maike A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B. A1 - Florek, S. A1 - Mory, D. A1 - Panne, Ulrich T1 - Approach to Detection in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy N2 - Gated detection with intensified detectors, e.g., ICCDs, is today the accepted approach for detection of plasma emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). However, these systems are more cost-intensive and less robust than nonintensified CCDs. The objective of this paper is to compare, both theoretically and experimentally, the performance of an intensified (ICCD) and nonintensified (CCD) detectors for detection of plasma emission in LIBS. The CCD is used in combination with a mechanical chopper, which blocks the early continuum radiation from the plasma. The detectors are attached sequentially to an echelle spectrometer under the same experimental conditions. The laser plasma is induced on a series of steel samples under atmospheric conditions. Our results indicate that there is no substantial difference in the performance of the CCD and ICCD. Signal-to-noise ratios and limits of detection achieved with the CCD for Si, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, and V in steel are comparable or even better than those obtained with the ICCD. This result is further confirmed by simulation of the plasma emission signal and the corresponding response of the detectors in the limit of quantum (photon) noise. KW - LIBS KW - Detektorvergleich KW - ICCD CCD PY - 2007 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0621470 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 79 IS - 12 SP - 4419 EP - 4426 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC AN - OPUS4-15044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Müller, L. A1 - Traub, Heike A1 - Esteban-Fernández, D. A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Herrmann, Antje A1 - Schellenberger, E. A1 - Theuring, F. A1 - Kneipp, Janina T1 - Imaging by laser ablation ICP-MS N2 - ICP-MS is a well-established analytical method which excels by high accuracy, high dynamic range and extremely low limits of detection for most metals. Furthermore ICP-MS offers a very high multi-element coverage so that many elements of the periodic table can be detected simultaneously. In this series of lectures, we want to focus on the historical developments, fundamentals, instrumentation and novel applications of ICP-MS in the life and material sciences. T2 - Ringvorlesung Analytik CY - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin DA - 23.06.2017 KW - Laser ablation ICP-MS KW - Bio-Imaging PY - 2017 AN - OPUS4-40757 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaeger, Carsten A1 - Ritter, D. A1 - Goeritzer, M. A1 - Thiele, A. A1 - Blumrich, A. A1 - Beyhoff, N. A1 - Luettges, K. A1 - Smeir, E. A1 - Kasch, J. A1 - Grune, J. A1 - Müller, O. A1 - Klopfleisch, R. A1 - Foryst-Ludwig, A. A1 - Kintscher, U. T1 - Liver X Receptor Agonist AZ876 Induces Beneficial Endogenous Cardiac Lipid Reprogramming and Protects Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Damage N2 - Background - It is known that dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may improve cardiac function. However, relatively high daily doses are required to achieve sufficient cardiac concentrations of beneficial omega‐3 fatty acids. The liver X receptor (LXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor and a crucial regulator of lipid homeostasis in mammals. LXR activation has been shown to endogenously reprogram cellular lipid profiles toward increased polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Here we studied whether LXR lipid reprogramming occurs in cardiac tissue and exerts cardioprotective actions. Methods and Results - Male 129SV mice were treated with the LXR agonist AZ876 (20 µmol/kg per day) for 11 days. From day 6, the mice were injected with the nonselective β‐agonist isoproterenol for 4 consecutive days to induce diastolic dysfunction and subendocardial fibrosis while maintaining systolic function. Treatment with isoproterenol led to a marked impairment of global longitudinal strain and the E/e' ratio of transmitral flow to mitral annular velocity, which were both significantly improved by the LXR agonist. Histological examination showed a significant reduction in isoproterenol‐induced subendocardial fibrosis by AZ876. Analysis of the cardiac lipid composition by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry revealed a significant increase in cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels and a significant reduction in saturated fatty acids by AZ876. Conclusions - The present study provides evidence that the LXR agonist AZ876 prevents subendocardial damage, improves global longitudinal strain and E/e' in a mouse model of isoproterenol‐induced cardiac damage, accompanied by an upregulation of cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Cardiac LXR activation and beneficial endogenous cardiac lipid reprogramming may provide a new therapeutic strategy in cardiac disease with diastolic dysfunction. KW - Heart failure KW - Lipids KW - Liver X receptor KW - Diastolic dysfunction KW - Nuclear receptor PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529352 DO - https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019473 VL - 10 IS - 14 SP - e019473 AN - OPUS4-52935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Kasche, J. A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Emissions- und Geruchsuntersuchungen an Bauprodukten - Ergebnisse eines UFO-Planprojektes T2 - 8th Workshop "Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials" CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 2006-03-27 KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emissionen KW - Geruch KW - RAL UZ PY - 2006 SP - 13-1- 13-7 CY - Kassel AN - OPUS4-12259 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kasche, J. A1 - Dahms, A. A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Müller, D. T1 - Sensory evaluation of building products - Results of a German round robin test T2 - VDI-Tagung CY - Bad Kissingen, Deutschland DA - 2007-11-13 KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emissionen KW - Geruch KW - AbBB-Schema KW - Kammermessungen KW - Blauer Engel PY - 2007 SN - 978-3-18-091995-9 SN - 0083-5560 IS - 1995 SP - 193 EP - 202 PB - VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-16322 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horn, Wolfgang A1 - Kasche, Johannes A1 - Jann, Oliver A1 - Müller, D. A1 - Plehn, W. T1 - Geruchsintensität und Emissionen von Bauprodukten - Vorstellung des Verfahrens und Laborvergleich KW - Bauprodukte KW - Emissionen KW - Geruch KW - AbBB-Schema KW - Kammermessungen KW - Laborvergleich PY - 2007 SN - 0949-8036 SN - 0039-0771 SN - 1436-4891 VL - 67 IS - 3 SP - 71 EP - 75 PB - Springer-VDI-Verl. CY - Düsseldorf AN - OPUS4-14790 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Agea Blanco, Boris A1 - Blaess, C. A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Brauer, D. A1 - Müller, Ralf T1 - Sintering and foaming of barium and calcium silicate glass powders N2 - Sintering and foaming of barium and calcium silicate glass powder compacts have been studied for different powder milling. Sintering was measured by means of heating microscopy backed up by XRD, DTA, Vacuum Hot Extraction (VHE) and electron microscopy. Foaming intensity strongly increased with decreasing glass partiefe size. Although powder compacts were uniaxially pressed and sintered in ambient air, foaming was affected by the milling atmosphere and most intensive for milfing in C02. Conformingly, VHE studies revealed that foaming of fully sintered samples was mainly driven by C02, even for powders milled in technical air, Ar and N2. Prolonged storage of air milled barium silicate glass powders in ambient air before pressing and sintering caused further increase of foaming intensity. These findings indicate that carbonaceous species are preferentially trapped to or close beneath the powder surface during milling and later storage. The temperature range of C02 degassing from fully sintered barium and calcium silicate g/ass powder compacts fits the temperature ranges of decomposition of BaC03 and CaC03 mix-milled with the respective barium and calcium silicate glass powders. T2 - IMAPS/ACerS 11th International CICMT conference and exhibition CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 20.04.2015 KW - Sintering KW - Foaming KW - Silicate glass powders KW - Barium and calcium silicate plass powders KW - Degassing PY - 2015 SN - 978-1510804562 SP - 31 EP - 37 AN - OPUS4-35250 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Hsuan, Y.G. A1 - Schröder, Hartmut A1 - Rowe, K. A1 - Müller, Werner A1 - Greenwood, J. A1 - Cazzuffi, D. A1 - Koerner, R.M. ED - Neil Dixon, T1 - Long-term performance and lifetime prediction of geosynthetics N2 - To properly understand and assess the long-term behaviour of geosynthetic materials it is necessary to investigate the various types of possible degradation mechanims. This includes both chemical and mechanical behaviour, and sometimes even their interactions with one another. Clearly, chemical degradation of geosynthetics depends on the polymer type. For example, polyolefins are vulnerable to oxidation; polyesters are susceptible to hydrolysis; and plasticizers can leach from polyvinyl chloride. This paper describes the concept of these three types of degradation, but focuses on the oxidation of polyolefins since the majority of the geosynthetics is made from this type of polymer. The methods used to predict the lifetime of antioxidants and service life of the geosynthetic material will be illustrated. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, pressure, and ultraviolet light on the service life are also demonstrated. Finally, the current specifications targeting the longevity of different geosynthetics are presented. Regarding mechanical degradation, the paper mainly focuses upon the creep deformation of geogrids and stress crack resistance (SCR) of polyethylene geomembranes and geopipe. The method to assess stress crack resistance is described, and the microscopic mechanisms that lead to such failure are explained. For creep evaluation, different acceleration tests are presented and their applicability with respect to the different types of polymers is illustrated. In addition, the long-term shear behaviour of geocomposites and geosynthetic clay liners is presented. T2 - 4th European Geosynthetics Conference - EuroGeo4 CY - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK DA - 2008-09-07 KW - Geosynthetic KW - Durability KW - Degradation KW - Antioxidant KW - Weathering PY - 2008 SP - 1 EP - 41 AN - OPUS4-17975 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Nascimento, M.L.F. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Zanotto, E. D. T1 - Crystal growth kinetics in cordierite and diopside glasses in wide temperature ranges N2 - We measured and collected literature data for the crystal growth rate, u(T), of µ-cordierite (2MgO · 2Al2O3 · 5SiO2) and diopside (CaO · MgO · 2SiO2) in their isochemical glass forming melts. The data cover exceptionally wide temperature ranges, i.e. 800–1350 °C for cordierite and 750–1378 °C for diopside. The maximum of u(T) occurs at about 1250 °C for both systems. A smooth shoulder is observed around 970 °C for µ-cordierite. Based on measured and collected viscosity data, we fitted u(T) using standard crystal growth models. For diopside, the experimental u(T) fits well to the 2D surface nucleation model and also to the screw dislocation growth mechanism. However, the screw dislocation model yields parameters of more significant physical meaning. For cordierite, these two models also describe the experimental growth rates. However, the best fittings of u(T) including the observed shoulder, were attained for a combined mechanism, assuming that the melt/crystal interface growing from screw dislocations is additionally roughened by superimposed 2D surface nucleation at large undercoolings, starting at a temperature around the shoulder. The good fittings indicate that viscosity can be used to assess the transport mechanism that determines crystal growth in these two systems, from the melting point Tm down to about Tg, with no sign of a breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein/Eyring equation. KW - Crystal growth KW - Oxide glasses KW - Silicates KW - Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit KW - Kinetik KW - Silikatgläser PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.09.007 SN - 0022-3093 VL - 354 IS - 52-54 SP - 5386 EP - 5394 PB - North-Holland Publ. Co. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-18383 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altantsog, Pagvajav A1 - Ojunbileg, L. A1 - Tserenshimed, M. A1 - Chadraabal, Shgdariin A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Nofz, Marianne A1 - Gaber, Martin A1 - Batdemberel, G. A1 - Sangaa, D. T1 - Some experimental results of glass melting by using sands from Buir nuur PY - 2002 VL - 1 SP - 103 EP - 118 AN - OPUS4-3113 LA - mon AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Nascimento, M.L.F. A1 - Zanotto, E. D. T1 - Crystal Growth Mechanism in Cordierite and Diopside Glasses in Wide Temperature Ranges T2 - XX. International Congress on Glass CY - Kyoto, Japan DA - 2004-09-26 KW - Cordierite KW - Diopside KW - Glass KW - Crystal growth PY - 2004 SP - 6 pages PB - Ceramic Society of Japan CY - Tokio AN - OPUS4-4389 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Denißen, M. A1 - Hannen, R. A1 - Itskalov, D. A1 - Biesen, L. A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin A1 - Reiss, G. J. A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute A1 - Müller, T. J. J. T1 - One-pot synthesis of a white-light emissive bichromophore operated by aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) and partial energy transfer N2 - Merocyanine–triarylamine bichromophores are readily synthesized by sequentially Pd-catalyzed insertion alkynylation–Michael–Suzuki four-component reactions. White-light emissive systems form upon aggregation in 1 : 99 and 0.1 : 99.9 vol% CH2Cl2–cyclohexane mixtures, ascribed to aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) in combination with partial energy transfer between both chromophore units as supported by spectroscopic studies. KW - Energy transfer KW - Nano KW - Nanoparticle KW - Photoluminescence KW - Fluorescence KW - Quantum yield KW - Photophysics KW - Lifetime KW - Sensor KW - Dye KW - Enhancement KW - Particle KW - Polarity KW - AIE KW - Aggregation KW - Aggregation-induced emission KW - Solid state emission KW - Merocyanine PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03451g VL - 56 IS - 54 SP - 7407 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-50936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Soares, A.P. A1 - Baum, D. A1 - Hesse, B. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Zaslansky, P. T1 - Scattering and phase-contrast X-ray methods reveal damage to glass fibers in endodontic posts following dental bur trimming N2 - Objectives. There is concern that the integrity of fiberglass dental posts may be affected by chairside trimming during treatment. We hypothesize that hard X-ray methods of phase contrast-enhanced micro-CT (PCE-CT) and synchrotron based X-ray refraction (SXRR) can reliably identify and help characterize the extent of damage. Methods. Fiberglass posts were imaged both as manufactured and following trimming with a diamond bur. Each of the posts was imaged by SXRR and by PCE-CT. Datasets from PCE-CT were used to visualize and quantify 2D and 3D morphological characteristics of intact and of damage-affected regions caused by trimming. Results. The SXRR images revealed fiber inhomogeneities from manufacturing with a significant increase in internal surfaces in sample regions corresponding to damage from trimming. PCE-CT volumes unveiled the micromorphology of single fibers in the posts and some damage in the trimmed area (e.g. fractures, splinters and cracks). Area, perimeter, circularity, roundness, volume and thickness of the glass fibers in the trimmed area were statistically different from the control (p < 0.01). Significance. The integrity of single fibers in the post is critical for bending resistance and for long-term adhesion to the cement in the root canals. Damage to the fibers causes substantial structural weakening across the post diameter. Glass fragments produced due to contact with the dental bur may separate from the post and may significantly reduce bond capacity. The above mentioned synchrotron-based imaging techniques can further facilitate assessment of the structural integrity and the appearance of defects in posts (e.g. after mechanical load). KW - Fiberglass composite KW - Fiber reinforced dental post KW - X-ray refraction KW - Phase contrast-enhanced micro-CT KW - Non-destructive testing PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.018 SN - 0109-5641 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 201 EP - 211 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-52071 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Soares, A.P. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Baum, D. A1 - Hesse, B. A1 - Zaslansky, P. T1 - Untersuchung der Integrität von glasfaserverstärkten Zahnstiften mittels Synchrotron-Röntgenrefraktion N2 - Die Integrität der Verstärkungsfasern in Komposit-Zahnstiften ist entscheidend für die Biegefestigkeit und die langfristige Haftung am Zement in den Wurzelkanälen. Es wurde vermutet, dass die Integrität von glasfaserverstärkten Zahnstiften durch das Beschleifen während der zahnmedizinischen Behandlung beeinträchtigt wird. Eine Beschädigung der Fasern führt zu einer erheblichen strukturellen Schwächung über den gesamten Stiftdurchmesser. Glasfragmente, die durch den Kontakt mit dem Zahnbohrer entstehen, können sich vom Stift lösen und die Haftfähigkeit erheblich verringern. Mit Hilfe hochauflösender Synchrotron-Röntgen-Refraktions-Radiographie (SXRR) konnte das Ausmaß der Schäden zuverlässig identifiziert und charakterisiert werden. Dazu wurden die Glasfaserstifte sowohl im Herstellungszustand als auch nach der Bearbeitung mit einem Diamantbohrer untersucht. Die Datensätze wurden zur Visualisierung und Quantifizierung der morphologischen Charakteristika intakter und durch das Beschleifen beschädigter Regionen analysiert. Sie zeigen Schäden im bearbeiteten Bereich (z. B. Brüche, Splitter und Risse) sowie herstellungsbedingte Inhomogenitäten der Fasern mit einer signifikanten Zunahme der inneren Oberflächen in Probenregionen, die durch das Beschleifen beschädigt wurden. T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2022 CY - Kassel, Germany DA - 23.05.2022 KW - Röntgen-Refraktion KW - Verbundwerkstoffe KW - Zahnstifte PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549231 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-54923 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, S. A1 - Herzel, Hannes A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Montag, D. ED - Holm, O. ED - Thomé-Kozmiensky, E. ED - Quicker, P. ED - Kopp-Assenmacher, S. T1 - Langzeitlagerung von Klärschlammaschen ab 2029? Erste Erfahrungen zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus deponierten Klärschlammverbrennungsaschen N2 - Das Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft (ISA) der RWTH Aachen University sowie die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) untersuchen gemeinsam fünf deponierte KSA, die von drei Deponiebetreibern ausgebaut und zur Verfügung gestellt wurden sind. Im Fokus der Untersuchungen stehen die physikalische und chemische Charakterisierung der deponierten KSA sowie deren P-Rückgewinnungspotenzial bei der Behandlung in thermochemischen sowie nasschemischen Verfahren. Diese Ergebnisse werden im Vergleich mit „frischen“, also nicht deponierten KSA-Proben vergleichbarer Herkunft bewertet, um so den Einfluss der Lagerung auf die KSA zu erfassen. T2 - Berliner Klärschlamm Konferenz CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 11.11.2025 KW - Klärschlammasche KW - Recycling KW - Deponie KW - Monoverbrennung PY - 2025 SN - 978-3-911006-63-7 VL - 8 SP - 192 EP - 202 PB - Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH CY - Neuruppin AN - OPUS4-65017 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Silva, R. A. A1 - Oliveira, D. V. A1 - Müller, U. T1 - Static behavior of cob: Experimental testing and finite-element modeling N2 - The aim of this paper is to implement a numerical model to reproduce the nonlinear behavior of cob walls under shear loading. Axial compression, pull-off, and diagonal compression tests were carried out to derive the mechanical parameters. In addition, the stressstrain relationships, the nonlinear behavior, and the failure modes were defined. The experimental results were then used to calibrate a finiteelement model. The material behavior was simulated through a macromodeling approach adopting the total strain rotating crack model. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effects of varying the parameters with higher uncertainty on the structural behavior. The numerical model achieved good correspondence with the experimental results in terms of simulation of the shear stress–shear strain relationship and of damage pattern. KW - Cob KW - Compression behavior KW - Shear behavior KW - Digital image correlation KW - Finite-element method PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002638 SN - 0899-1561 SN - 1943-5533 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 04019021-1 EP - 04019021-13 PB - ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers AN - OPUS4-47316 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cant, D. J. H. A1 - Minelli, C. A1 - Sparnacci, K. A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Kalbe, H. A1 - Stoger-Pollach, M. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Werner, W. S. M. A1 - Shard, A. G. T1 - Surface-Energy Control and Characterization of Nanoparticle Coatings N2 - Accurate and reproducible measurement of the structure and properties of high-value nanoparticles is extremely important for their commercialization. A significant proportion of engineered nanoparticle systems consist of some form of nominally core-shell structure, whether by design or unintentionally. Often, these do not form an ideal core-shell structure, with typical deviations including polydispersity of the core or shell, uneven or incomplete shells, noncentral cores, and others. Such systems may be created with or without intent, and in either case an understanding of the conditions for formation of such particles is desirable. Precise determination of the structure, composition, size, and shell thickness of such particles can prove challenging without the use of a suitable range of characterization techniques. Here, the authors present two such polymer core-shell nanoparticle systems, consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene cores coated with a range of thicknesses of either polymethylmethacrylate or polystyrene. By consideration of surface energy, it is shown that these particles are expected to possess distinctly differing coating structures, with the polystyrene coating being incomplete. A comprehensive characterization of these systems is demonstrated, using a selection of complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, differential centrifugal sedimentation, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By combining the results provided by these techniques, it is possible to achieve superior characterization and understanding of the particle structure than could be obtained by considering results separately. KW - Nanoparticles KW - Core-shell KW - XPS KW - Size KW - Thickness KW - Damage PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02161 VL - 124 IS - 20 SP - 11200 EP - 11211 PB - ACS CY - Washington DC AN - OPUS4-50899 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voss, Heike A1 - Knigge, Xenia A1 - Knapic, D. A1 - Weise, Matthias A1 - Sahre, Mario A1 - Hertwig, Andreas A1 - Sacco, A. A1 - Rossi, A. M. A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Müller, Kai A1 - Wasmuth, Karsten A1 - Krüger, Jörg A1 - Hassel, A. W. A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Bonse, Jörn T1 - Picosecond laser processing of hierarchical micro–nanostructures on titanium alloy upon pre- and postanodization: morphological, structural, and chemical effects N2 - Recent publications indicate that the order of electrochemical anodization (before or after the laser processing step) plays an important role for the response of bone-forming osteoblasts—an effect that can be utilized for improving permanent dental or removable bone implants. For exploring these different surface functionalities, multimethod morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations are performed in combination with electrochemical pre- and postanodization for two different characteristic microspikes covered by nanometric laser-induced periodic surface structures on Ti–6Al–4V upon irradiation with near-infrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration, 67 and 80 kHz pulse repetition frequency) at two distinct sets of laser fluence and beam scanning parameters. This work involves morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy, structural material examinations via X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, as well as near-surface chemical analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results allow to qualify the mean laser ablation depth, assess the spike geometry and surface roughness parameters, and provide new detailed insights into the near-surface oxidation that may affect the different cell growth behavior for pre- or postanodized medical implants. T2 - 2023 E-MRS Spring Meeting, Symposium L "Making light matter: lasers in material sciences and photonics" CY - Strasbourg, France DA - 29.05.2023 KW - Hierarchical micro-nanostructures KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Ultrashort laser pulses KW - Ti-6Al-4V alloy KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601962 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202300920 SN - 1862-6319 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-60196 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cant, D. J. H. A1 - Müller, Anja A1 - Clifford, C. A. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Shard, A. G. T1 - Summary of ISO/TC 201 Technical Report 23173—Surface chemical analysis—Electron spectroscopies—Measurement of the thickness and composition of nanoparticle coatings N2 - ISO Technical Report 23173 describes methods by which electron spectroscopies, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and synchrotron techniques, can be employed to calculate the Coating thicknesses and compositions of nanoparticles. The document has been developed to review and outline the current state-of-the-art for such measurements. Such analyses of core–shell nanoparticles are common within the literature, however the methods employed are varied; the relative advantages and disadvantages of These methods, and the optimal usage of each may not be clear to the general analyst. ISO Technical Report 23173 aims to clarify the methods that are available, describe them in clear terms, exhibit examples of their use, and highlight potential issues users may face. The information provided should allow analysts of electron spectroscopy data to make clear choices regarding the appropriate analysis of electron spectroscopy data from coated nanoparticle systems and provide a basis for understanding and comparing results from different methods and systems. KW - Electron spectroscopy KW - Core-shell KW - Nanoparticles KW - ISO 23173 KW - XPS KW - Thickness KW - Composition PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.6987 SN - 0142-2421 VL - 53 IS - 10 SP - 893 EP - 899 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd AN - OPUS4-52976 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaeß, Carsten A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Poologasundarampilai, G. A1 - Brauer, D. S. T1 - Sintering and concomitant crystallization of bioactive glasses N2 - The sintering of bioactive glasses allows for the preparation of complex structures, such as three‐dimensional porous scaffolds. Such 3D constructs are particularly interesting for clinical applications of bioactive glasses in bone regeneration, as the scaffolds can act as a guide for in‐growing bone cells, allowing for good Integration with existing and newly formed tissue while the scaffold slowly degrades. Owing to the pronounced tendency of many bioactive glasses to crystallize upon heat treatment, 3D scaffolds have not been much exploited commercially. Here, we investigate the influence of crystallization on the sintering behavior of several bioactive glasses. In a series of mixed‐alkali glasses an increased CaO/alkali metal oxide Ratio improved sintering compared to Bioglass 45S5, where dense sintering was inhibited. Addition of small amounts of calcium fluoride helped to keep melting and sintering temperatures low. Unlike glass 13‐93, these new glasses crystallized during sintering but this did not prevent densification. Variation in bioactive glass particle size allowed for fine‐tuning the microporosity resulting from the sintering process. KW - Bioactive glass KW - Crystallization KW - Scaffolds KW - Sintering PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-485458 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.13477 SN - 2041-1286 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 449 EP - 462 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-48545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silvestroni, L. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander A1 - Wieder, Frank A1 - Fritsch, Tobias A1 - Sciti, D. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Determination of short carbon fiber orientation in zirconium diboride ceramic matrix composites N2 - In fiber-reinforced components, the fiber alignment and orientation have paramount influence on the thermomechanical properties of the resulting composite, for both short and continuous fiber. Here we present the case of an ultra-refractory matrix intended for extreme environment applications, ZrB2, reinforced with 20 vol% and 50 vol% short carbon fibers. In both cases, fibers tend to align perpendicular to the uniaxial pressure applied during shaping and sintering of a pellet, although the fiber tilt across the pellet thickness is difficult to determine. Moreover, for high volume fractions of reinforcement, the spatial distribution of the fibers is heterogeneous and tends to have domains of preferential orientations. We compare the information on the fiber distribution as collected by scanning electron microscopy images, X-ray computed tomography and synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR). The three techniques prove to be complementary. Importantly, we demonstrate that SXRR yields the most statistically significant information due to the largest field of view, yet with a sensitivity down to the nanometer, and that can be successfully applied also to heavy matrix materials, such as zirconium boride. KW - Ceramic matrix composites KW - Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography KW - X-ray computed tomography KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - High-temperature ceramics PY - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597712 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.02.048 SN - 0955-2219 VL - 44 IS - 8 SP - 4853 EP - 4862 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-59771 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schob, D. A1 - Sagradov, I. A1 - Roszak, R. A1 - Sparr, H. A1 - Franke, R. A1 - Ziegenhorn, M. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Léonard, Fabien A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Experimental determination and numerical simulation of material and damage behaviour of 3D printed polyamide 12 under cyclic loading N2 - The material and damage behaviour of additively manufactured polyamide 12 under cyclic loading was characterized by cyclic tests and microstructure analysis by using microscopy, X-ray refraction, and computed tomography. The results were used to determine parameters for the viscoplastic material model by Chaboche and a damage model by Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman. The temperature was monitored during the experiments and the self-heating effect was observed. By including this effect, a higher accuracy could be achieved with the results of mechanical experiments. KW - 3D printing Polyamide 12 KW - Chaboche model KW - GTN model KW - Material and damage behaviour KW - X-ray refraction KW - Computed tomography PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106841 SN - 0013-7944 VL - 229 SP - 106841-1 EP - 106841-13 PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-50557 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Haußmann, J. A1 - Alink, R. A1 - Dittmann, K. A1 - Tötzke, C. A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Klages, M. A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Scholta, J. A1 - Gerteisen, D. A1 - Manke, I. A1 - Banhart, J. T1 - Investigation of fuel cell materials and liquid water transport by means of synchrotron imaging N2 - Synchrotron imaging allows addressing various important issues in fuel cell research, for example water distribution and transport. The water distribution in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) was observed quasi in-situ directly after operation by means of synchrotron tomography. The 3D data set was compared with the tomogram of a dry cell in order to separate the water distribution from cell materials. Engineered transport pathways realized by perforating holes through the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are a recent approach to optimize water transport and cell performance. For some parameter sets a cell performance increase and an improvement of stabilization have already been proven. We present high resolution investigations of the water distribution in perforated GDLs of operating PEMFCs by means of in-situ synchrotron radiography. The surrounding areas of the holes exhibited a distinct hydrophilic character. KW - Gas-diffusion layers KW - Resolution neutron-radiography KW - X-ray radiography KW - Visualization KW - PEMFC PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.1149/04529.0195ecst SN - 1938-6737 SN - 1938-5862 VL - 45 IS - 29 SP - 195 EP - 202 CY - Pennington, NJ, USA AN - OPUS4-30545 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Schob, D. A1 - Léonard, Fabien A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Sagradov, I. A1 - Roszak, R. A1 - Sparr, H. A1 - Franke, R. A1 - Ziegenhorn, M. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur und Simulation des Schädigungsverhaltens von lasergesintertem Polyamid 12 unter quasistatischer Zugbelastung N2 - Um das Material- und Schädigungsverhalten von additiv gefertigtem Polyamid 12 (PA12) unter quasistatischer Belastung zu charakterisieren, wurden mechanische Tests und Röntgenverfahren zur Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur eingesetzt. Die Proben wurden nach dem Prinzip des Selektiven Lasersinterns (SLS) hergestellt. Unter quasistatischer Belastung mit Haltezeiten ergab sich ein viskoplastisches Materialverhalten. Im Zugversuch wurde eine maximale Zugfestigkeit von 40.6 MPa und eine Bruchdehnung von 7.4% beobachtet. Mittels Röntgenrefraktion wurde eine Erhöhung von inneren Oberflächen beobachtet, die senkrecht zur Zugrichtung orientiert sind. Die Analyse der Gesamtporosität aus Computertomographie-Messungen ergab keine Änderung infolge der Zugbelastung. Jedoch wurde eine bimodale Porengrößenverteilung und eine steigende Sphärizität festgestellt. Das Materialverhalten wurde mit dem Chaboche-Modell simuliert und ergab eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen. Allerdings gestattet dieses Modell nicht, das Schädigungsverhalten abzubilden. Daher wurde zur Simulation des Schädigungsverhaltens das Modell gemäß dem Ansatz von Gurson, Tvergaard und Needleman unter Berücksichtigung der mikrostrukturellen Parameter erweitert. Der Schwerpunkt des Beitrags liegt auf den Röntgenverfahren zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021 CY - Online meeting DA - 10.05.2021 KW - Additive Fertigung (AM) KW - Polyamid 12 KW - Röntgenrefraktion KW - Computertomographie KW - Numerische Simulation PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526833 UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2021/bb/P16.pdf SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-52683 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schob, D. A1 - Roszak, R. A1 - Sagradov, I. A1 - Sparr, H. A1 - Ziegenhorn, M. A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Léonard, Fabien A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Experimental determination and numerical simulation of material and damage behaviour of 3D printed polyamide 12 under quasi-static loading N2 - In order to characterise the material and damage behaviour of additively manufactured polyamide 12 (PA12) under quasi-static load and to implement it in a numerical model, experiments under quasi-static load as well as microstructural investigations were carried out. Selective laser sintering (SLS) was used as the manufacturing process. For the classification of the material behaviour, quasi-static cyclic tests with holding times as well as tensile tests were performed. X-ray refraction and computed tomography (CT) were used to investigate the damage behaviour. The Chaboche model, which has already been applied for metallic materials under thermomechanical loading, served as the basis for the selection of the numerical material model. The same procedure was used for the selection of the damage model, where the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model was chosen, which was already used for porous metallic materials. The Chaboche model shows very good agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the coupling with the GTN model allows a very good modelling of the damage behaviour. Finally, it could be shown that the selected models are suitable to simulate the material and damage behaviour of 3D printed PA12. KW - Polyamide 12 KW - 3D printing KW - Viscoplastic KW - Chaboche model KW - Damage KW - GTN model KW - X-ray refraction KW - Computed tomography PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.24423/aom.3162 SN - 0373-2029 VL - 71 IS - 4-5 SP - 507 EP - 526 PB - IPPT PAN - Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research CY - Warsaw AN - OPUS4-49409 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bertovic, Marija A1 - Gaal, Mate A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Fahlbruch, B. A1 - Schombach, D. T1 - Einfluss des Zeitdrucks auf die manuelle Ultraschallprüfung. Untersuchung zu menschlichen Faktoren auf die Ergebnisse zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen N2 - Die übergeordnete Zielsetzung unserer Untersuchung bestand darin, am Beispiel von Prüfungen mit Ultraschall eine belastbare Aussage zum Einfluss der Arbeitsbedingungen des Prüfers auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse von zerstörungsfreien Prüfungen zu ermitteln und Möglichkeiten zur Minimierung ungünstiger Einflussfaktoren aufzuzeigen. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung wurde auf die manuelle Ultraschallprüfung gelegt und der Faktor 'Zeitdruck' (in drei Stufen variiert) als die zu variierende physische Einflussgröße gewählt. Die Variation des Faktors Zeitdruck wurde gemäß dem Prozessmodell von der Erhebung psychologischer Faktoren, die das Individuum und die Organisation beschreiben, begleitet. Die Ultraschallprüfungen erfolgten mit zehn Prüfern am Großbehälter und an Vergleichskörpern mit eingebrachten Testfehlern (Nuten, Risse). Die ausgewählten Fehler waren typisch für Prüfaufgaben, die bei wiederkehrenden Ultraschallprüfungen in Kernkraftwerken von den Prüfern zu lösen sind. Die Prüfaufgabe bestand darin, die in den vorgegebenen Prüfabschnitten vorhandenen Reflektoren aufzufinden und deren Amplituden, Ortskoordinaten und Längenerstreckungen zu ermitteln. Als Bewertungsmaßstab für die Qualität der Prüfaussage und für den Einfluss des menschlichen Faktors diente die Präzision der gemessenen Werte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen hohen Einfluss des menschlichen Faktors auf das Prüfergebnis und eine Einwirkung des Zeitdrucks besonders auf die Präzision der Messwerte. Hierbei war die Wirkung des individuell wahrgenommenen Zeitdrucks zusammen mit der psychischen Arbeitsbeanspruchung signifikant. Es wurde unter anderem herausgearbeitet, dass durch eine gute Vorbereitung auf die Prüfung, z.B. durch die sorgfältige Einweisung und ein vorgeschaltetes Fertigkeitstraining an Vergleichskörpern, die Zuverlässigkeit der Prüfergebnisse verbessert werden kann. Insgesamt hatte der Faktor 'Organisation' neben der 'Erfahrung' einen hohen Einfluss auf das Leistungsvermögen der Prüfer. Die Projektergebnisse wurden im Abschlussbericht des Forschungsvorhabens SR2514 dargestellt, es wurden drei Empfehlungen zur Vorbereitung und Einweisung der Prüfer, zur Stärkung der Verantwortung der Prüfaufsicht und zum 4-Augen-Prinzip formuliert. Die Empfehlungen wurden in der KTA- Regel 3201.4 'Komponenten des Primärkreises von Leichtwasserreaktoren; Teil 4: Wiederkehrende Prüfungen und Betriebsüberwachung (RÄE Fassung 2010-11)', umgesetzt. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 30.05.2011 KW - Human factors KW - ZfP KW - Ultraschallprüfung KW - UT KW - Zeitdruck PY - 2011 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-251610 UR - http://jt2011.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2011/BB/mi2c3.pdf SN - 978-3-940283-33-7 IS - DGZfP-BB 127 (Mi.2.C.3) SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25161 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -