TY - RPRT A1 - Weise, Frank A1 - Werner, D. A1 - Maier, Bärbel A1 - Wilsch, Gerd T1 - Schadenskategoriespezifische Bewertung von AKR-Prüfverfahren T1 - Evaluation of ASR testing methods in relation to specific damage categories N2 - Ausgehend von den verstärkt auftretenden AKR-Schäden an den vor 2005 hergestellten BAB-Abschnitten verfolgte das Forschungsvorhaben zwei Ziele. So sollte einerseits die Ursache für die mit der AKR-Schadensentwicklung einhergehende Dunkelfärbung der Oberfläche der Betonfahrbahndecke im Fugenbereich ermittelt werden. Andererseits galt es, ausgehend von der Zustands- und Schadenserfassung das AKR-Restschädigungspotenzial der Prüfkörper aus je drei ein- und zweischichtig ausgeführten, unterschiedlich stark AKR-geschädigten BAB-Abschnitten vergleichend zu bewerten. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden u. a. erzielt: 1. Dunkelfärbung Experimenteller Nachweis mit kombinierter insitu- Feuchtemessung mit Radar (integral) und NMR (tiefenaufgelöst), dass Dunkelfärbung der Oberfläche der Betonfahrbahndecke im Fugenbereich auf eine erhöhte Durchfeuchtung der Betonrandzone zurückzuführen ist; erfolgreiche Validierung der ZfP-Ergebnisse mit Darr-Wäge-Versuch. 2. Zustand beprobter BAB-Abschnitte und schadenskategoriespezifische Bewertung der AKR-Prüfverfahren: • Auffinden von Horizontalrissen im Bereich der Querscheinfuge bei allen AKR-geschädigten BAB-Abschnitten, • Ermittlung mittlerer Eindringtiefen bei Natrium von maximal 20 bis 45 mm und bei Chlorid von maximal 15 bis 60 mm im Entnahmezustand; keine Korrelation mit der AKR-Schadenskategorie des jeweiligen BAB-Abschnitts, • Nachweis gleichzeitig auftretender SEB bei allen AKR-geschädigten BAB-Abschnitten im Entnahmezustand, • keine signifikante Verminderung der Spaltzugfestigkeit durch die verstärkte AKR am Plattenrand, • Ermittlung eines erhöhten AKR-Restschädigungspotenzials bei vier der sechs beprobten BAB-Abschnitte primär mittels AKR-erformanceprüfungen, • Ermittlung höherer Dehnungen bei Performanceprüfungen aus Ober- und Unterbeton bestehenden Halbschalen, als an separat aus Ober- und Unterbeton gewonnenen Prismen, • Unauffälliges Verhalten nahezu aller bei der Performanceprüfung auffälligen Bestandsbetone im 40°C- und 60°C-Betonversuch; vermutete Ursache: mit LIBS nachgewiesene hohe und tiefreichende Auslaugung der Alkalien. N2 - Our research project had two aims in addressing the increased occurrence of ASR damage on German motorway sections built before 2005: firstly, to establish the cause of the darker discolouration around the joints of concrete road surface that occurs in conjunction with ASR damage. Secondly, based on the status and damage report, it aimed to comparatively evaluate the residual ASR damage potential of test samples from three federal motorway sections of one-layer and three of twolayer pavement, showing different levels of ASR damage. We obtained the following results (among others): 1. Dark discolouration Experimental evidence using non-destructive testing methods showing that dark discolouration of concrete road surfaces near joints is due to increased moisture in the concrete boundary zone: NDT findings successfully validated by weighing and drying test. 2. Condition of sampled motorway sections and evaluation of ASR test methods used: • discovery of horizontal cracks located near transverse contraction joint in all motorway sections with ASR damage, • determination of maximum mean penetration depth of sodium from 20 to 45 mm and of chloride from 15 to 60 mm in sample as extracted; no correlation with the ASR damage category of the relevant motorway section, • evidence of simultaneous occurrence of DEF on all ASR-damaged motorway sections in sample as extracted, • no significant reduction of splitting tensile strength due to increased ASR at slab edge, • increased ASR residual damage potential found on four of the six motorway sections tested primarily with ASR performance tests, • increased expansion found during performance tests on half shells consisting of upper and lower concrete compared to prisms taken separately from upper and lower concrete, • 40°C and 60°C concrete prism tests revealed no noticeable reactions in almost all existing concrete types that showed irregularities in the performance test. Suggested cause: high and deep levels of alkali leaching determined by LIBS. KW - NMR-Relaxometrie KW - Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion KW - Betonfahrbahndecke KW - AKR-Betonversuche KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung KW - Radar PY - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:opus-bast-24661 UR - https://bast.opus.hbz-nrw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/2466 SN - 978-3-95606-543-9 SN - 0943-9323 VL - S 145 SP - 1 EP - 60 PB - Fachverlag NW in der Carl Ed. Schünemann KG CY - Bremen AN - OPUS4-54748 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maier, B. A1 - Trathnigg, B. A1 - Much, Helmut A1 - Krüger, Ralph-Peter A1 - Berek, D. T1 - Characterization of polyethers using different chromatographic techniques and MALDI-TOF-MS PY - 1995 CY - Innsbruck AN - OPUS4-2205 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, W. A1 - Arlt, Tobias A1 - Wannek, C. A1 - Manke, I. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Krüger, P. A1 - Scholta, J. A1 - Lehnert, W. A1 - Banhart, J. A1 - Stolten, D. T1 - In-situ synchrotron X-ray radiography on high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells N2 - In contrast to classical low temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (LT-PEFCs), the membrane conductivity in high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) (operating temperature ~ 160 °C) is based on proton transport within phosphorus-oxygen acids at different levels of hydration, orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) being the simplest example. We present for the first time in-situ synchrotron X-ray radiography measurements applied to a HT-PEFC to gain insight into the local composition of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) under dynamic operating conditions. Transmission changes during the radiographic measurements exhibit a clear influence of the formation of product water on the membrane composition. KW - HT-PEFC KW - Synchrotron x-ray radiography KW - Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) KW - Phosphoric acid PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2010.08.002 SN - 1388-2481 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - 1436 EP - 1438 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-23962 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radnik, Jörg A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Jungnickel, H. A1 - Tentschert, J. A1 - Luch, A. A1 - Sogne, V. A1 - Maier, F. A1 - Burr, L. A1 - Schmid, D. A1 - Yoon, T.-H. A1 - Petters, R. A1 - Briffa, S.M. A1 - Valsami-Jones, E. T1 - Automation and Standardization—A Coupled Approach Towards Reproducible Sample Preparation Protocols for Nanomaterial Analysis N2 - Whereas the characterization of nanomaterials using different analytical techniques is often highly automated and standardized, the sample preparation that precedes it causes a bottleneck in nanomaterial analysis as it is performed manually. Usually, this pretreatment depends on the skills and experience of the analysts. Furthermore, adequate reporting of the sample preparation is often missing. In this overview, some solutions for techniques widely used in nano-analytics to overcome this problem are discussed. Two examples of sample preparation optimization by au-tomation are presented, which demonstrate that this approach is leading to increased analytical confidence. Our first example is motivated by the need to exclude human bias and focuses on the development of automation in sample introduction. To this end, a robotic system has been de-veloped, which can prepare stable and homogeneous nanomaterial suspensions amenable to a variety of well-established analytical methods, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), field-flow fractionation (FFF) or single-particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). Our second example addresses biological samples, such as cells exposed to nanomaterials, which are still challenging for reliable analysis. An air–liquid interface has been developed for the exposure of biological samples to nanomaterial-containing aerosols. The system exposes transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids under reproducible conditions, whilst also allowing characterization of aerosol composition with mass spectrometry. Such an approach enables correlative measurements combining biological with physicochemical analysis. These case studies demonstrate that standardization and automation of sample preparation setups, combined with appropriate measurement processes and data reduction are crucial steps towards more reliable and reproducible data. KW - Sample preparation KW - Automation KW - Nanomaterial analysis KW - Standardization PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543988 DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030985 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI AN - OPUS4-54398 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziesche, R.F. A1 - Hack, J. A1 - Rasha, L. A1 - Maier, M. A1 - Tan, C. A1 - Heenan, T.M.M. A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Kardjilov, N. A1 - Manke, I. A1 - Kockelmann, W. A1 - Brett, D.J.L. A1 - Shearing, P.R. T1 - High-speed 4D neutron computed tomography for quantifying water dynamics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells N2 - In recent years, low-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells have become an increasingly important pillar in a zero-carbon strategy for curbing climate change, with their potential to power multiscale stationary and mobile applications. The performance improvement is a particular focus of research and engineering roadmaps, with water management being one of the major areas of interest for development. Appropriate characterisation tools for mapping the evolution, motion and removal of water are of high importance to tackle shortcomings. This article demonstrates the development of a 4D high-speed neutron imaging technique, which enables a quantitative analysis of the local water evolution. 4D visualisation allows the time-resolved studies of droplet formation in the flow fields and water quantification in various cell parts. Performance parameters for water management are identified that offer a method of cell classification, which will, in turn, support computer modelling and the engineering of next-generation flow field designs. KW - Neutron imaging KW - Tomography KW - Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell PY - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-545978 DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29313-5 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 1616 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London AN - OPUS4-54597 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -