TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Goschnick, J.
A1 - Häringer, D.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Chanie, E.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by a Sensor System, the European Project SysPAQ
T2 - Indoor Air 2008, 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate
CY - Copenhagen, Denmark
DA - 2008-08-17
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Perceived odour intensity
KW - Profiling
KW - Sensor system
PY - 2008
IS - Paper ID: 530
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-18302
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Goschnick, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Chanie, E.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
T1 - Messung der empfundenen Geruchsintensität mit Multigas-Sensorsystemen, das Forschungsvorhaben SysPAQ
KW - Geruch
KW - Sensorsystem
KW - Perceived Air Quality
KW - Produkttypischer Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
PY - 2007
SN - 978-3-18-091995-9
SN - 0083-5560
IS - 1995
SP - 17
EP - 29
PB - VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-16370
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panasková, J.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Scutaru, A.M.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Entwicklungen der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen in Innenräumen
N2 - Um eine gute Luftqualität in Gebäuden zu erreichen, müssen Reinigungslasten durch Lüften aus Räumen abgeführt bzw. vermieden oder verringert werden. Wird der Luftwechsel verringert, verschlechtert sich die Raumluftqualität, und die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer nimmt ab. An Arbeitsplätzen kann es bei schlechter Luftqualität und der daraus resultierenden Unzufriedenheit zu einer geringeren Produktivität der Beschäftigten kommen. Um die Reinigungslasten und deren Wirkung auf den Raumnutzer überdas Geruchsempfinden zu verringern, ist neben einer messtechnischen Erfassung der Verunreinigungen auch eine sensorische Prüfung in Innenräumen und von Bauprodukten notwendig. In diesem Artikel wird die Entwicklung der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen im Innenraum erläutert und auf Anwendungen eingegangen.
KW - Geruch
KW - Innenraum
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Bewertung
PY - 2014
SN - 2195-643X
VL - 135
IS - 2
SP - 70
EP - 82
PB - DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-32403
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Airaksinen, M.
A1 - Järnström, H.
A1 - Tirkkonen, T.
A1 - Witterseh, T.
T1 - Material labelling: Combined material emission tests and sensory evaluations
T2 - Indoor Air 2008, 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate
CY - Copenhagen, Denmark
DA - 2008-08-17
KW - Material labelling
KW - Emission test
KW - Sensory evaluation
KW - Odour intensity
KW - Acceptability
PY - 2008
IS - Paper 1066
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-18047
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Brödner, Doris
A1 - Kalus, Sabine
A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Kasche, J.
T1 - Chemische analytische Bewertung von Baustoffemissionen
T2 - Deutsche Kälte-Klima-Tagung 2008
CY - Ulm, Deutschland
DA - 2008-11-20
KW - AgBB-Schema
KW - VOC
KW - Emissionen
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Bewertung Emissionen
PY - 2008
IS - AA.IV.15
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-18406
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Stephan, H.
A1 - Gloe, K.
A1 - Kraus, Werner
A1 - Spies, H.
A1 - Johannsen, B.
A1 - Wichmann, K.
A1 - Reck, Günter
A1 - Chand, D. K.
A1 - Bharadwaj, P. K.
A1 - Müller, U.
A1 - Müller, W. M.
A1 - Vögtle, F.
ED - Moyer, B. A.
T1 - Binding and extraction of pertechnetate and perrhenate by azacages
T2 - Symposium Fundamentals and Applications of Anion Separations ; American Chemical Society national meeting
CY - Chicago, IL, USA
DA - 2001-08-25
PY - 2004
SN - 0-306-47911-7
SP - 151
EP - 168
PB - Kluwer Acad./Plenum Publ.
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-3667
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - Environmental and Health Provisions for Building Products - Identification and evaluation of VOC emissions and odour exposure (Research Report 202 62 320 / UBA-FB 001002)
N2 - In this study 50 construction products were tested in emission test chambers according to the requirements of the AgBB-scheme: 7 acrylic and 6 silicone sealants, 6 paste-like synthetic resin plasters, 13 wood based products, 4 adhesives, 5 lacquers, 6 wall paints and 3 further construction products. VOC and odour emissions were tested on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, and 28th day. In addition to the VOC-measurements, a test procedure was developed to evaluate odour emission of construction products.This test is planned to be implemented into the AgBB-Scheme. A direct evaluation by a sensory panel in the emission test chamber was not possible. So the odour samples were collected in 300- litre tedlar bags which were evaluated later. Odour intensity of the samples was compared with different acetone concentrations. Within this study an interlaboratory comparison was conducted using the newly developed odour test method. Additionally, VVOC emissions, detection of carcinogenic compounds, repeatability of emission test chamber tests, and other issues are presented. This project has shown that construction products can be evaluated in accordance with the AgBB scheme. A sensory evaluation is intended to be introduced in the AgBB scheme. A method for this evaluation is described in this study. The test procedure should be enhanced and validated for practical utilisation.
KW - Building products
KW - Emissions
KW - Odour
KW - AgBB-Scheme
KW - Chamber tests
KW - Interlaboratory study
KW - Construction products
KW - Emission test chamber
KW - Odour evaluation
KW - VOC
KW - VVOC
KW - SVOC
KW - Thermal desorption
KW - GC/MS
KW - GC-ODP
KW - Odour standard of comparison
KW - Gas sensor
KW - Acrylic and silicone sealant
KW - Wood-based product
KW - Paints
KW - Lacquers
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
PY - 2007
UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/environmental-health-provisions-for-building
SN - 1862-4804
SN - 0722-186X
IS - 21
SP - 1
EP - 381
PB - Umweltbundesamt
CY - Dessau-Roßlau
AN - OPUS4-15931
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - VOC emissions from building materials accompanying sensory tests for different evaluation schemes
N2 - Within a follow up project of a former study (Horn et al. 2005) emissions and odor from different types of construction products were investigated (financed by the German Federal Environmental Agency - FKZ 37 07 62 300).
The tested materials were mainly those used for construction of floors indoors. For this type of materials in Germany several labeling procedures exist which are based on Emission chamber testing. Two important labeling procedures in Germany are based on the AgBBevaluation scheme (Däumling et al. 2005). For some applications (flooring material) it is the mandatory Ü-mark of DIBt (German Institute for Construction Technology). Furthermore for carpets, adhesives and many other products, like sealants, mattresses, furniture and so on the voluntary blue angel mark exist. Within this scheme the volatile organic compounds (VOC) compounds are measured with well established procedures and are evaluated with LCI-values which were derived from health information.
Beyond that many complaints according to building products are caused by odors. Therefore an evaluation procedure for the odor is very important and should be implemented into all of the mentioned labeling schemes.
T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate
CY - Austin, TX, USA
DA - 05.06.2011
KW - Odor
KW - Construction product
KW - VOC-emission
KW - Evaluation
KW - AgBB
PY - 2011
IS - Paper 768
SP - 1
EP - 2
AN - OPUS4-23881
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Results of sensory tests and sensory-limit settings for building materials in Germany
N2 - Indoor air pollutants influence the health and comfort of building occupants and consequently the energy consumption of the building. The pollutants are emitted by various sources.
Among these sources, building products are of particular importance. To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany also mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. This procedure is based on the assessment scheine of the Committee for Health-related
Evaluation of Building Products (AgBBScheme). The sensory-limit settings for building-material label Blue Angel offer consumer to differ not only low-emission but also low-odour Building materials from another building materials.
T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate
CY - Austin, TX, USA
DA - 05.06.2011
KW - Perceived air-quality
KW - Odour evaluation
KW - Odour labelling
KW - Test procedure
KW - Standardisation
PY - 2011
IS - Paper 768
SP - 1
EP - 2
AN - OPUS4-23882
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panasková, J.
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Sensory-based evaluation of building product emissions - Integration into the Blue Angel award criteria and assessment scheme of the Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products (UBA-FB 001500 / Förder-Kennz. 370762300)
N2 - Emissions from building products can considerably impair the quality of indoor air. The AgBB scheme is employed to evaluate the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from building products. The hygienic evaluation according to the AgBB scheme requires product-specific measuring procedures.
These are available for a range of products. They have been validated in co-operation with several research and testing institutes and have been included in the criteria for awarding the Blue Angel ecolabel.
The evaluation is, however, stricter and generally has lower limits. VOC emissions and odours can cause health problems so testing using sensors is an important element in the evaluation of building products and has – for reasons of precaution – been set down in the AgBB scheme. The main goal of the project was to derive a method of evaluation using sensors and limits for awarding the Blue Angel and for the AgBB scheme. Based on the research conducted (see Chapter 5 Results and Discussion), perceived intensity and hedonics were suggested as a suitable Evaluation method. The derivation of limits for the evaluation using sensors on the 28th day was effected in the present study through the additional questioning of the test subjects on the reasonability of a sample.
For the Blue Angel, there could be different limits of perceived intensity and hedonics for each group of products. A preliminary suggestion for possible limits – for all product groups – is a perceived intensity of 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi as confidence coefficient, Chapter 5.1.5) and -1 (0+/-0.8, rounded to -1) for the hedonic value.
KW - Labelsysteme
KW - VOC
KW - Geruch
KW - Geruchstest
KW - Emissionsmessungen
KW - Building product
KW - Directive
KW - Health care
KW - Pollutant
KW - Test method
KW - Hydrocarbon
KW - Testing using sensors
KW - Emission
KW - Emission test chamber
KW - Odour
KW - AgBB scheme
KW - Health assessment
KW - Assessment procedure
KW - Volatile organic compounds
KW - Very volatile organic compounds
KW - VVOC
KW - Semi volatile organic compounds
KW - SVOC
KW - Thermal desorption
KW - GC/MS
KW - GC-ODP
KW - Odour standard of comparison
KW - Floor coverings
KW - Coverings
KW - Blue Angel
KW - Odour evaluation
KW - Acceptability
KW - Perceived intensity
KW - Hedonic
KW - Reasonability
KW - Standardization
KW - Environmental sign
KW - Volatile emission
KW - Product labelling
PY - 2011
UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/sensory-based-evaluation-of-building-product
SN - 1862-4804
IS - 61
SP - 1-133, Annex 1-109
PB - Umweltbundesamt
CY - Dessau-Roßlau
AN - OPUS4-25200
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Müller, Birgit
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Panasková, J.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Messung und Bewertung von Gerüchen aus Bauprodukten für den Innenraum
T1 - Measurement and evaluation of odour emissions from building products for indoor usage
N2 - Messung und Bewertung von Gerüchen aus Bauprodukten für den Innenraum gewinnen vor allem durch den zunehmenden Bau energieeffizienter Gebäude an Bedeutung. Intensive und unangenehme Gerüche werden von Bewohnerinnen, Bewohnern und Angestellten nicht akzeptiert und können auf Dauer krank machen. Bislang stand noch kein allgemein anerkanntes Messverfahren zur Verfügung. Dieses wurde nun in Forschungsprojekten entwickelt, wobei auch konkrete Bewertungsvorschläge zur Zumutbarkeit von Gerüchen gemacht wurden. Das Verfahren ist an die Messung der Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Bauprodukten gekoppelt und nutzt Probanden, um die Geruchsstärke (Intensität) und den Geruchseindruck (Hedonik) zu ermitteln. In der Praxis wird das Verfahren nun an verschiedenen Stellen erprobt. Die Bewertung der Geruchsemissionen gibt der Industrie die Möglichkeit, geruchsarme Produkte zu gestalten. Die Kennzeichnung geruchsarmer Bauprodukte mit dem Umweltzeichen Blauer Engel erleichtert Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern die Orientierung beim Einkauf.
N2 - Measuring and evaluating odour emissions from building products used in indoor spaces are becoming increasingly important for the construction of energy-efficient buildings. Intensive and unpleasant smells are not accepted by inhabitants and employees and may lead to negative health effects. Up to now a consistent measuring method for odour emissions has not been available. A measuring method and also concrete standards for the assessment of odours by using reasonableness of smells have now been developed in succeeding research projects. The procedure uses a panel of test persons to determine the strength (intensity) and impression (hedonic appraisal) of odour and is linked to the already well established measurement of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products. At the Moment the new procedure is tested in practice at different laboratories. Evaluating odour emissions helps manufacturers to develop products with low or very low odour emissions. The labeling of low-odour Building products with the environmental label Blue Angel gives consumers an orientation for purchase.
KW - Labelsysteme
KW - VOC
KW - Geruch
KW - Geruchstest
KW - Emissionsmessungen
PY - 2011
SN - 2190-1120
SN - 2190-1147
VL - 4
SP - 50
EP - 58
PB - BfS
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-25210
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
T1 - Olfaktorische Bewertung von Baumaterialien
T2 - 7th Workshop "Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials"
CY - Kassel, Germany
DA - 0005-04-04
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Kammerverfahren
KW - VOC
PY - 2005
SP - 5-1-5-12
PB - Kassel University Press GmbH
CY - Kassel
AN - OPUS4-7363
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
T1 - The use of gas sampling bags for evaluating the odours of building materials
T2 - Indoor Air 2005
CY - Beijing, PR China
DA - 2005-09-04
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Probenahmebehälter
PY - 2005
SN - 7-89494-830-6
IS - 2
SP - 2030
EP - 2034
PB - Tsinghua University Press
CY - Beijing
AN - OPUS4-11073
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Kasche, Johannes
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - Umwelt- und Gesundheitsanforderungen an Bauprodukte - Ermittlung und Bewertung der VOC-Emissionen und geruchlichen Belastungen (Forschungsbericht 20262320)
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - AbBB-Schema
KW - Kammermessungen
KW - Laborvergleich
PY - 2007
UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/umwelt-gesundheitsanforderungen-an-bauprodukte
SN - 1862-4804
IS - 16
SP - 383 Seiten
PB - Umweltbundesamt
CY - Dessau-Roßlau
AN - OPUS4-14791
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Birgit
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten
N2 - Die Bewertung von VOC-Emissionen aus Bauprodukten soll durch das AgBB-Schema vereinheitlicht werden und eine gesundheitsrelevante Komponente enthalten. Das Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt) hat das AgBB-Schema in weiten Teilen für seine Grundsätze zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten in Innenräumen implementiert. Neben der üblichen chemischen Emissionsmessung soll auch der Geruch für die Bewertung des Produkts herangezogen werden. Um den Geruch als festen Bestandteil in die Produktprüfung zu integrieren, wurden vom Umweltbundesamt zwei Vorhaben initiiert. Erste Ergebnisse des zweiten Vorhabens (FKZ 37 07 62 300; Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten Integration in die Vergabegrundlagen für den Blauen Engel und das Bewertungsschema des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten) werden hier dargestellt.
KW - AgBB-Schema
KW - VOC
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Bewertung Emissionen
PY - 2009
SN - 0949-8036
SN - 0039-0771
SN - 1436-4891
VL - 69
IS - 6
SP - 246
EP - 250
PB - Springer-VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-19658
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Bauproduktprüfung und Geruch - Neue Entwicklungen im Rahmen von Label-Systemen
T2 - 11. Workshop - Geruch und Emissionen bei Kunststoffen
CY - Kassel, Deutschland
DA - 2009-03-30
KW - AgBB-Schema
KW - VOC
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Bewertung Emissionen
PY - 2009
SP - 8-1 - 8-9
AN - OPUS4-19224
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panasková, J.
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten - Integration in die Vergabegrundlagen für den Blauen Engel und das Bewertungsschema des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten (UBA-FB 001500 / Förder-Kennz. 370762300)
N2 - Emissionen aus Bauprodukten beeinträchtigen die Qualität der Innenraumluft erheblich. Mit Hilfe des AgBB-Schemas werden die Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen (VOC) aus Bauprodukten bewertet. Die gesundheitliche Bewertung nach dem AgBB-Schema erfordert produktspezifische Messverfahren.
Diese gibt es mittlerweile für eine Reihe von Produkten. Sie wurden durch Beteiligung verschiedener Forschungseinrichtungen und Messinstitute validiert und u. a. in die Vergabekriterien des Umweltzeichens Blauer Engel übernommen. Die Bewertung ist allerdings mit zumeist niedrigeren Grenzwerten strenger. VOC-Emissionen und Gerüche können beide zu gesundheitlichen Belastungen führen. So ist die sensorische Prüfung ein weiteres wichtiges Element bei der Bewertung von Bauprodukten und vorsorglich auch im AgBB-Schema verankert.
Hauptziel des Projektes ist es, eine Methode der sensorischen Bewertung und Grenzen für die Vergabe des Blauen Engels und für das AgBB-Schema abzuleiten. Auf Grundlage der durchgeführten Untersuchungen (siehe Kapitel 5 Ergebnisse und Diskussion) wird als Bewertungsmethode die empfundene Intensität und die Hedonik vorgeschlagen. Die Ableitung der Grenzwerte für die sensorische Bewertung am 28. Tag erfolgt über die zusätzliche Befragung der Probanden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie nach der Zumutbarkeit einer Probe.
Für den Blauen Engel könnte es je Produktgruppe unterschiedliche Grenzen der empfundenen Intensität und der Hedonik geben. Ein erster Vorschlag für mögliche Grenzen, hier zunächst einheitlich für alle
Produktgruppen, ist für die empfundene Intensität 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi als Sicherheit, Kapitel 5.1.5) und für die Hedonik -1 (0 +/-0,8, gerundet auf -1) (siehe dazu Abbildung 6-2).
KW - Bauprodukt
KW - Schadstoff
KW - Prüfverfahren
KW - Blauer Engel
KW - SVOC
KW - Flüchtige Emission
KW - Kohlenwasserstoff
KW - Geruch
KW - Sensorik
KW - AgBB-Schema
PY - 2011
UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/sensorische-bewertung-emissionen-aus-bauprodukten
SN - 1862-4804
IS - 35
SP - 1-146, Anhang 1-109
PB - Umweltbundesamt
CY - Dessau-Roßlau
AN - OPUS4-24926
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Zeidler, O.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Labelling of building materials - A combination of emission tests with odour tests
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - Labelling systems
KW - VOCs
KW - Odour
KW - Sensory tests
KW - Emission tests
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 323
SP - 1
EP - 4
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-19927
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Implentation of odour test methods into labelling procedures of flooring materials
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - AgBB-Scheme
KW - Labelling
KW - Flooring material
KW - VOC emission
KW - Odour
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 356
SP - 1
EP - 3
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-19926
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Sensory tests for building materials and rooms - Status of the standardisation
N2 - To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have also been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. All of these both voluntary and mandatory Systems combine measurements of volatile organic compounds according to ISO 16000-9 and sensory evaluations (new ISO 16000-28). In this paper a German project financed by the Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency) will be presented. The project deals with the questions of how to combine the emission tests with the sensory evaluation and what the best sensory evaluation procedure is for achieving valid and accurate results. The limited values and the evaluation methods will be presented and discussed. In the next Step the criteria for labelling those products without an unpleasant odour will be determined. The current Status of ISO 16000 - 28 and 30 will be also presented.
T2 - Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International conference
CY - Brisbane, Australia
DA - 08.07.2012
KW - Sensory evaluation of building materials and rooms
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Standardisation
KW - Label
KW - Normung
KW - Geruch
KW - Messmethoden
KW - Emissionsmessung
KW - Bauprodukte
PY - 2012
SN - 978-1-921897-40-5
SP - 1
EP - 6 (3E.5)
AN - OPUS4-27561
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Thieme-Hack, M.
A1 - Berghaus, U.
A1 - Brümmer, F.
A1 - Elsner, U.
A1 - Färber, C.
A1 - Frank, D.
A1 - Illgas, M.
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Kathage, J.
A1 - Leers, A.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Röger-Göpfert, C.
A1 - Russland, H.-J.
A1 - Schnabel, B.
A1 - Schneider, O.
A1 - Schockmann, D.
A1 - Schomakers, H.
A1 - Schwalbe, D.
A1 - Stegemann, D.
A1 - van den Berg, T.
A1 - Kramps, S.
T1 - Fachbericht Kunststoffsportböden - Nachhaltige Kunststoffbelagsauswahl für Sportfreianlagen
N2 - Kunststoff- und Kunststoffrasenflächen kommt bei intensiv genutzten Flächen als Allwetterbeläge eine große Bedeutung zu. Sie leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Absicherung eines ganzjähriger Sportangebote.
Gerade Kunststoffrasen ist aber in den letzten Jahren häufig in die Kritik geraten, insbesondere durch gefährliche Inhaltsstoffe und andere negative Einflüsse auf die Umwelt. Dies hat bei Bauherren zu einer Verunsicherung geführt und Fragen aufgeworfen, die erst teilweise beantwortet sind. Die Diskussionen rund um diesen Allwetterbelag haben bereits dazu geführt, dass von Seiten der Industrie viel verändert wurde und neue innovative Lösungen gefunden werden.
Der Fachbericht stellt eine Handreichung für Fachleute und interessierte Laien dar, um mehr Klarheit besonders hinsichtlich der Umweltanforderungen zu erzielen.
KW - Kunststoffsportbeläge
KW - Kunstrasen
KW - Umweltverträglichkeit
KW - Schadstofftransfer
KW - Mikroplastik
PY - 2022
UR - https://shop.fll.de/de/fachbericht-kunststoffsportboeden-broschuere.html
SP - 1
EP - 70
PB - Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau (FLL)
CY - Bonn
AN - OPUS4-54390
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Baer, D. R.
A1 - Cant, D. J. H.
A1 - Castner, D. G.
A1 - Ceccone, G.
A1 - Engelhard, M. H.
A1 - Karakoti, A. S.
A1 - Müller, Anja
ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
ED - Unger, Wolfgang
ED - Shard, A. G.
T1 - Preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis
N2 - A variety of methods used to prepare nano-objects for surface analysis are described along with information about when they might be best applied. Intrinsic properties of NPs which complicate their characterization and need to be considered when planning for surface or other analyses of NPs are identified, including challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and functionalization of the particles as well as their dynamic nature. The relevant information about the sample preparation processes, along with analysis details and data that need to be added to the collection of material provenance information is identified. Examples of protocols that have been successfully used for preparation of nano-objects for surface analysis are included in an annex.
KW - Sample preparation
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - XPS
KW - Dynamic behavior
KW - Nano-object
KW - Surface analysis
PY - 2020
SN - 978-0-12-814182-3
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00018-3
SP - 295
EP - 347
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-50186
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seah, M.P.
A1 - Spencer, S.J.
A1 - Bensebaa, F.
A1 - Vickridge, I.
A1 - Danzebrink, H.
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Gross, Thomas
A1 - Österle, Werner
A1 - Wendler, E.
A1 - Rheinländer, B.
A1 - Azuma, Y.
A1 - Kojima, I.
A1 - Suzuki, N.
A1 - Suzuki, M.
A1 - Tanuma, S.
A1 - Moon, D.W.
A1 - Lee, H.J.
A1 - Cho, H.M.
A1 - Chen, H.Y.
A1 - Wee, A. T. S.
A1 - Osipowicz, T.
A1 - Pan, J.S.
A1 - Jordaan, W.A.
A1 - Hauert, R.
A1 - Klotz, U.
A1 - van der Marel, C.
A1 - Verheijen, M.
A1 - Tamminga, Y.
A1 - Jeynes, C.
A1 - Bailey, P.
A1 - Biswas, S.
A1 - Falke, U.
A1 - Nguyen, N.V.
A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D.
A1 - Ehrstein, J.R.
A1 - Muller, D.
A1 - Dura, J.A.
T1 - Critical review of the current status of thickness measurements for ultrathin SiO2 on Si - Part V: Results of a CCQM pilot study
N2 - Results are reported from a pilot study under the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) to compare measurements of and resolve any relevant measurement issues in, the amount of thermal SiO2 oxide on (100) and (111) orientation Si wafer substrates in the thickness range 1.5 - 8 nm. As a result of the invitation to participate in this activity, 45 sets of measurements have been made in different laboratories using 10 analytical methods: medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), RBS, elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS), XPS, SIMS, ellipsometry, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectrometry (GIXRR), neutron reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measurements are made on separate sets of 10 carefully prepared samples, all of which have been characterised by a combination of ellipsometry and XPS using carefully established reference conditions and reference parameters.
The results have been assessed against the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) data and all show excellent linearity. The remaining data sets correlate with the NPL data with average root-mean-square scatters of 0.15 nm, half being better than 0.1 nm and a few at or better than 0.05 nm. Each set of data allows a relative scaling constant and a zero thickness offset to be determined. Each method has an inherent zero thickness offset between 0 nm and 1 nm and it is these offsets, measured here for the first time, that have caused many problems in the past. There are three basic classes of offset: water and carbonadeous contamination equivalent to ~1 nm as seen by ellipsometry; adsorbed oxygen mainly from water at an equivalent thickness of 0.5 nm as seen by MEIS, NRA, RBS and possibly GIXRR; and no offset as seen by XPS using the Si 2p peaks. Each technique has a different uncertainty for the scaling constant and consistent results have been achieved. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has large uncertainties for the scaling constant but a high precision and, critically, if used correctly, has zero offset. Thus, a combination of XPS and the other methods allows the XPS scaling constant to be determined with low uncertainty, traceable via the other methods. XPS laboratories returning results early were invited to test a new reference procedure. All showed very significant improvements. The reference attenuation lengths thus need scaling by 0.986 ± 0.009 (at an expansion factor of 2) deduced from the data for the other methods. Several other methods have small offsets and, to the extent that these can be shown to be constant or measurable, then these methods will also show low uncertainty. Recommendations are provided for parameters for XPS, MEIS, RBS and NRA to improve their accuracy.
KW - Calibration
KW - Ellipsometry
KW - GIXRR
KW - Interlaboratory study
KW - MEIS
KW - Neutron reflectometry
KW - NRA
KW - RBS
KW - Silicon dioxide
KW - SIMS
KW - XPS
PY - 2004
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1909
SN - 0142-2421
SN - 1096-9918
VL - 36
IS - 9
SP - 1269
EP - 1303
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-5549
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Seah, M.P.
A1 - Spencer, S.J.
A1 - Bensebaa, F.
A1 - Vickridge, I.
A1 - Danzebrink, H.
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Gross, Thomas
A1 - Österle, Werner
A1 - Wendler, E.
A1 - Rheinländer, B.
A1 - Azuma, Y.
A1 - Kojima, I.
A1 - Suzuki, N.
A1 - Suzuki, M.
A1 - Tanuma, S.
A1 - Moon, D.W.
A1 - Lee, H.J.
A1 - Cho, H.M.
A1 - Chen, H.Y.
A1 - Wee, A. T. S.
A1 - Osipowicz, T.
A1 - Pan, J.S.
A1 - Jordaan, W.A.
A1 - Hauert, R.
A1 - Klotz, U.
A1 - van der Marel, C.
A1 - Verheijen, M.
A1 - Tamminga, Y.
A1 - Jeynes, C.
A1 - Bailey, P.
A1 - Biswas, S.
A1 - Falke, U.
A1 - Nguyen, N.V.
A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D.
A1 - Ehrstein, J.R.
A1 - Muller, D.
A1 - Dura, J.A.
T1 - Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si, Part V: Results of a CCQM Pilot Study of Thickness Measurements
KW - SiO2
KW - Thin films
KW - Thickness
KW - XPS
KW - Ellipsometry
KW - TEM
PY - 2003
SN - 1473-2734
SP - 57 pages
AN - OPUS4-4118
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abou-Ras, D.
A1 - Caballero, R.
A1 - Fischer, C.-H.
A1 - Kaufmann, C.A.
A1 - Lauermann, I.
A1 - Mainz, R.
A1 - Mönig, H.
A1 - Schöpke, A.
A1 - Stephan, C.
A1 - Streeck, C.
A1 - Schorr, S.
A1 - Eicke, A.
A1 - Döbeli, M.
A1 - Gade, B.
A1 - Hinrichs, J.
A1 - Nunney, T.
A1 - Dijkstra, H.
A1 - Hoffmann, V.
A1 - Klemm, D.
A1 - Efimova, V.
A1 - Bergmaier, A.
A1 - Dollinger, G.
A1 - Wirth, Thomas
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Rockett, A.A.
A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A.
A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J.
A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V.
A1 - Schmid, T.
A1 - Choi, P.-P.
A1 - Müller, M.
A1 - Bertram, F.
A1 - Christen, J.
A1 - Khatri, H.
A1 - Collins, R.W.
A1 - Marsillac, S.
A1 - Kötschau, I.
T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films
N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits.
KW - Elemental distributions
KW - Comparison
KW - Depth profiling
KW - Chemical mapping
KW - Thin films
KW - Solar cells
KW - Chalcopyrite-type
KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523
SN - 1431-9276
SN - 1435-8115
VL - 17
IS - 5
SP - 728
EP - 751
PB - Cambridge University Press
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-24506
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Massiot, D.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Hübert, Thomas
A1 - Schneider, M.
A1 - Kentgens, A.
A1 - Coté, B.
A1 - Coutures, J.
A1 - Gessner, W.
T1 - Double rotation and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance study of 27Al: reexamination of the aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3
N2 - 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of polycrystalline aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 have been measured in double rotation at 11.7 and 7.0 T and high-speed magic-angle spinning at 7.0, 9.4, 11.7, 14.1 and 17.6 T. Spinning sidebands from the satellite transitions were observed at 7.0 and 14.1 T. Each of the four structural aluminium sites [Al(IV), Al(V)(1), Al(V)(2) and Al(VI)] are observed, characterised and assigned in the spectra. The obtained parameter set gives a fully consistent interpretation in agreement with the crystal structure of the compound.
KW - Aluminium
KW - Kernresonanz, magnetisch
KW - Winkel, magisch
KW - Doppelrotation
PY - 1995
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)00021-H
SN - 0926-2040
SN - 1527-3326
VL - 5
IS - 2
SP - 175
EP - 180
PB - Academ. Press
CY - Orlando, Fla.
AN - OPUS4-639
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Jakob, B.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Häringer, D.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Loubet, F.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by means of sensor systems, the European Project SysPAQ
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - Sensor systems
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Perceived intensity
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 326
SP - 1
EP - 4
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-20106
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Levandowski, G. V.
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.
KW - Sugar cane bagasse
KW - Chicken manure ash
KW - Thermochemical treatment
KW - Nutrient
KW - Plant availability
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895
VL - 10
SP - 895
EP - 6
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-50973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Mack, D. E.
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Helle, O.
A1 - Sebold, D.
A1 - Vaßen, R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Charakterisierung der Porositäts- und Rissdichteentwicklung in Wärmedämmschichten von Gasturbinenschaufeln mittels Synchrotron Refraktions Radiographie
N2 - Die Degradation von Wärmedämmschichten(thermal barrier coatings - TBCs) in Gasturbinen durch glasartige Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat (CMAS)Ablagerungen aus verschiedenen Quellen istseit vielen Jahren ein anhaltendes Problem. In dieser Studie wurde mit Hilfe derSynchrotron-Röntgen-Refraktions-Radiographie (SXRR), und vergleichend mit der Elektronenmikroskopie, das Eindringen von CMAS in die poröse Struktur von atmosphärisch plasmagespritzten (APS)TBCs sowie die Bildung und das Wachstum von Rissen unter thermisch zyklischer Belastung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Infiltration sowie deren Kinetik im Brenner-Teststand wesentlich vom Benetzungsverhalten des CMAS beeinflusst werden. Trotz desoffensichtlichen Angriffs von CMAS auf die Korngrenzen hat die Wechselwirkung von Yttriumdioxid-stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid (YSZ) mit intrudiertem CMAS keinen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf die Struktur und Dichte der innen Oberflächen(Risse, Poren). In einem späteren Stadium wird die Bildung von Rissen senkrecht zur äußeren Oberfläche in einer breiteren Zone der TBC-Schicht beobachtet.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021
CY - Online meeting
DA - 10.05.2021
KW - CMAS - Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat
KW - SXRR - Synchrotron X-ray Refraction Radiography
KW - TBC - Thermal barrier coatings
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526732
UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Programm#P32
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-52673
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mack, D. E.
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Helle, O.
A1 - Sebold, D.
A1 - Vaßen, R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Evolution of porosity, crack density, and CMAS penetration in thermal barrier coatings subjected to burner rig testing
N2 - Degradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in gas‐turbine engines due to calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) glassy deposits from various sources has been a persistent issue since many years. In this study, state of the art electron microscopy was correlated with X‐ray refraction techniques to elucidate the intrusion of CMAS into the porous structure of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) TBCs and the formation and growth of cracks under thermal cycling in a burner rig. Results indicate that the sparse nature of the infiltration as well as kinetics in the burner rig are majorly influenced by the wetting behavior of the CMAS. Despite the obvious attack of CMAS on grain boundaries, the interaction of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with intruded CMAS has no immediate impact on structure and density of internal surfaces. At a later stage the formation of horizontal cracks is observed in a wider zone of the TBC layer.
KW - Characterization
KW - CMAS
KW - Synchrotron X‐ray refraction radiography
KW - Thermal barrier coatings
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16465
SN - 0002-7820
SN - 1551-2916
VL - 102
IS - 10
SP - 6163
EP - 6175
PB - Wiley
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-47804
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Scharmach, Martina
A1 - Bär, Sylke
A1 - Lewis, A.
A1 - Bloodworth, T.
A1 - Guelle, D.
A1 - Pavkovic, N.
A1 - Steker, I.
T1 - Metalldetektor-Tests in Oberjettenberg November 2003 - Bundeswehrteststelle WTD 52
N2 - Dieses Poster befasst sich mit Testfeldern und Kalibrierflächen, Training, Minensuche in den Testfeldern, Ausmessung der Minenanzeigen, Dateiangabe und Analyse und dem Ausgraben der gefundenen Minen
T2 - ITEP-Workshop 2003
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 16.12.2003
KW - Testfelder
KW - Kalibrierflächen
KW - Minensuche
PY - 2003
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-35853
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmitt, M.
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
A1 - Baensch, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Nationale, europäische und internationale Normung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung
N2 - Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien erzeugt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung von Themen und Inhalten der relevanten Normen. Das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen ist ein zusätzlicher Faktor für die inhaltliche Korrektheit und die inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Norm. Denn wer nicht normt, wird genormt und muss letztlich Normen anwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestaltet haben. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden DINSpiegelgremien, welche die europäischen (CEN) und internationalen (ISO) Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexpert*innen für die Mitarbeit autorisieren.
Auf internationaler Ebene findet die Normungsarbeit in den technischen Komitees ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” und ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds” und ihren Arbeitsgruppen statt. Das europäische Pendant ist das CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren” mit seinen Arbeitsgremien. Die DINSpiegelgremien sind für die deutsche Mitarbeit in diesen Gremien und die inhaltliche Bewertung der Norm-Entwürfe zuständig.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Normung
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Qualifizierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600726
DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29496
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 6
AN - OPUS4-60072
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Wozny, G.
T1 - Raman-based advanced control of an absorption desorption system
N2 - For absorption processes with fluctuating feed gas compositions it is vital to continuously adjust
the operation point to achieve energy efficiency. In this contribution a Raman-based advanced
process control (APC) is introduced for the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) using an aqueous
solution of monoethanolamine (MEA). The APC is based on a Raman spectroscopic analysis of
the composition and CO2 load of the scrubbing liquid and a non-linear model predictive control
(NMPC) to adjust the scrubbing liquid cycle. In addition, an outer real-time optimization loop is
set in place to update the set points for the absorption process depending on the current feed gas composition minimizing the energy consumption of the process. Implementation and testing of the APC have been carried out in a mini-plant at TU Berlin. During a plant operation of more than 160 hours robustness and stability of the APC were shown.
T2 - 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering
CY - Kopenhagen, Denmark
DA - 31.05.2015
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - Advanced process control
KW - CO2
KW - Carbon dioxide
KW - Absorption
KW - Process analytical technology
PY - 2015
UR - https://www.elsevier.com/books/12th-international-symposium-on-process-systems-engineering-and-25th-european-symposium-on-computer-aided-process-engineering/author/978-0-444-63429-0
SN - 9780444634290
SN - 9780444634450
VL - 37
SP - 1523
EP - 1528
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-37669
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Kraemer, B.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Zientek, Nicolai
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Wozny, G.
T1 - Improved desorption control via Raman spectroscopy
N2 - In this contribution a Raman spectrometer based control structure for the heating of a desorption column is proposed. For this purpose calibration experiments for the absorption of carbon dioxide using monoethanolamine solutions are carried out and calibration models are developed to measure both carbon dioxide liquid loads and monoethanolamine mass fractions. The calibration experiments are supported by online NMR spectroscopy to accurately measure the appearance of all species in the electrolyte system. Both models are tested during the plant operation of a mini-plant for the oxidative coupling of methane and the proof of concept for the control structure is given. The Raman spectroscopy implemented in the ATEX conform mini-plant shows a reliable and robust performance being even indifferent to impurities hindering the GC analysis.
T2 - 20th International Conference of Process Engineering and Chemical Plant Design
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 15.10.2014
KW - Absorption
KW - Carbon capture
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - desorption control
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Process analytical technology
PY - 2014
UR - https://www.verfahrenstechnik.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/fg158/Dokumente/Manuskripte/2014/20th-ICPEPD-Proceedings.pdf
SN - 978-3-00-047364-7
SP - 223
EP - 233
PB - Technische Universität Berlin
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-37399
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Hydroformylation of long-chained alkenes in microemulsions: Raman-spectrometer assisted mini-plant operation
N2 - Hydroformylation in microemulsions under mild reaction conditions is investigated using a Rhodium-based catalyst yields high selectivity of 98:2 of the desired linear product. A successful mini-plant operation for over 130 hours was performed. Online concentration monitoring of the system was done using 785nm Raman spectrometer.
T2 - Conference: 9th International Symposium on Catalysis in Multiphase Reactors
CY - Lyon, France
DA - 07.12.2014
KW - Hydroformylierung
KW - Reaction monitoring
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - Online monitoring
KW - Prozessanalytik
PY - 2014
AN - OPUS4-37400
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Kraemer, B.
A1 - Zientek, Nicolai
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Eine robuste Prozessanalytik für die Reaktivabsorption von CO2 aus industriellen Gasströmen basierend auf Online-NMR- und -Raman-Spektroskopie
N2 - Die Abtrennung von CO2 aus industriellen Gasströmen ist eine großtechnisch wichtige Trennaufgabe. Neben der Aufarbeitung von Erdgas werden diese Verfahren zur Verminderung der CO2-Emission durch industrielle Rauchgase, insbesondere für alternativlose Prozesse wie die Stahl- und Zementproduktion diskutiert.
T2 - 10. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Gerlingen, Germany
DA - 25.11.2014
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - CO2-Absorption
KW - CCS
PY - 2014
UR - http://arbeitskreis-prozessanalytik.de/images/stories/Veranstaltungen/Kolloquien/10_kolloquium_2014/tagungsband_10_kolloquium_ak_prozessanalytik_2014_hq-druck_f.pdf
SP - P03, 23
EP - 23
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38359
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Chemometric modeling of on-line Raman spectra from miniplant operation
N2 - The project InPROMPT aims to establish a robust hydroformylation reaction process of the alkene n-dodecene to the aldehyde n-tridecanal using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. This industrial relevant production process demands further research for optimization and expansion. For that purpose, the fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer is directly introduced in the product stream, which enables the recording of spectra within short control intervals.
T2 - 10. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Gerlingen, Germany
DA - 25.11.2014
KW - Reaction monitoring
KW - Chemometrics
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - Hydroformylation
PY - 2014
UR - http://arbeitskreis-prozessanalytik.de/images/stories/Veranstaltungen/Kolloquien/10_kolloquium_2014/tagungsband_10_kolloquium_ak_prozessanalytik_2014_hq-druck_f.pdf
SP - P12, 34
EP - 34
PB - BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38361
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. F.
A1 - Nayeri, C. N.
A1 - Paschereit, C. O.
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
T1 - Airfoil synchronous surging and pitching
N2 - Combined surging and pitching of an airfoil at the identical frequency (i.e. synchronously), at four different phase differences, was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The most general unsteady theoretical formulation was adopted to calculate the lift coefficient, and then extended to explicitly compute the unsteady bound vortex sheet. This was used for comparison with experiments and facilitated the computation of both Joukowsky and impulsive-pressure lift contributions. Experiments were performed using a symmetric 18 % thick airfoil in an unsteady wind tunnel at an average Reynolds number of 3.0*10^5 , with a free-stream oscillation amplitude of 51 %, an angle-of-attack range of 2° +- 2° and a reduced frequency of 0.097. In general, excellent correspondence was observed between theory and experiment, representing the first direct experimental validation of the general theory. It was shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that the lift coefficient was not accurately represented by independent superposition of surging and pitching effects, due to variations in the instantaneous effective reduced frequency not accounted for during pure pitching. Deviations from theory, observed at angle-of-attack phase leads of 90° and 180°, were attributed to bursting of separation bubbles during the early stages of the acceleration phase. The largest deviations occurred when the impulsive-pressure lift contribution was small relative to the Joukowsky contribution, because the latter was most affected by bubble bursting. Bubble bursting resulted in large form-drag oscillations that occurred at identical phase angles within the oscillation cycle, irrespective of the phase difference between surging and pitching, as well as in the absence of pitching.
KW - Unsteady aerodynamics
KW - Dynamic stall
KW - Separation bubble
KW - Bubble bursting
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630068
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.220
SN - 1469-7645
VL - 1009
SP - 1
EP - 33
PB - Cambridge University Press (CUP)
AN - OPUS4-63006
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sittner, Jonathan
A1 - Götze, Jens
A1 - Müller, Axel
A1 - Renno, Axel D.
A1 - Ziegenrücker, René
A1 - Pan, Yuanming
T1 - Trace element analysis and luminescence behavior of quartz in pegmatites of the Tørdal Region, Norway
N2 - This publication presents a study on the mineral chemistry and luminescence properties of quartz samples from pegmatites of the Tørdal region in Norway. A total of 12 samples were analyzed using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR), and Cathodoluminescence (CL) to gain insights into their trace element concentration and distribution as well as their luminescence behavior. The samples are characterized by different Cl emissions at 450 nm, 500 nm 650 nm and an additional shoulder at 390 nm, which is only partially visible due to the absorption of the glass optics. Of these luminescence bands, the 500 nm band is the most dominant in most samples and it is characterized by an initial blue-green luminescence, which is not stable under electron irradiation. Moreover, it is characterized by a heterogeneous distribution within the samples. This luminescence can be mostly assigned to [AlO4/M+]0 defects, with charge compensation mostly achieved by Li+. Analyses by EPR spectroscopy prove the dominance of structurally bound Al, Li, and Ti ions in the investigated samples. Further analyses using SIMS mapping demonstrate that Na and K are mainly bound to micro fractures or inclusions, suggesting a limited role in the compensation of the luminescence centers. Additionally, the SIMS mappings show that some samples contain Al-rich clusters of 10 to 20 µm in diameter, whereas other trace elements are characterized by a homogeneous distribution. These clusters correspond to bright luminescence areas in size and shape and could potentially indicate H+ compensated [AlO4/M+]0 defects.
KW - Quartz
KW - Trace elements
KW - SIMS
KW - Cathodoluminescence
KW - EPR
KW - Tørdal
KW - Pegmatite
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612529
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122427
VL - 670
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Elsevier BV
AN - OPUS4-61252
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Medina, A.
A1 - Ol, M. V.
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H.
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
T1 - High-Amplitude Surge of a Pitching Airfoil: Complementary Wind- and Water-Tunnel Measurements
N2 - RECENT interest in gust response, rotorcraft forward flight and wind energy, among other applications, has focused on streamwise oscillations of nominally two-dimensional airfoils in attached and separated flows. The airfoil may be simultaneously held at constant incidence or execute some maneuver, such as pitch.
The relative freestream is spatially uniform but temporally unsteady, and this can be accomplished in a ground-test facility in two ways. The first method is to vary the output of the prime mover, such as the rotational speed of the impeller or the blower driving a wind tunnel, or (alternatively) to vary the pressure drop in the tunnel, thereby varying the flow speed in the test section, despite nominally constant primemover revolutions per minute. The second method is used to keep the tunnel’s operating speed constant, as well as to move the test article in the streamwise direction, fore and aft (for example, via an electric linear motor), such that the relative freestream speed felt by the test article varies according to some waveform. Typically, the latter approach is chosen in water tunnels, where there is too much tunnel-circuit inertia to vary the flow speed directly but where the usually low tunnel test section flow speeds enable large excursions in the relative freestream by oscillation of the test article. In fact, outright reverse flow is possible by moving the test article in the laboratory frame at a higher speed than the water-tunnel flow speed. In either case, a sinusoidal relative-speed waveform is the most intuitively realizable, and this can be combined with similar oscillations in the airfoil incidence angle or other kinematics. Although the two methods of realizing streamwise oscillations are mechanically distinct, experimental comparisons between an oscillating test article in a water tunnel and a stationary test article in a wind tunnel with a louvermechanismhave demonstrated agreement in themeasured lift and drag histories. Such experimentswere performed by Granlund et al. for a 10% freestream amplitude oscillation and fixed airfoil incidence, comparing a free-surface water tunnel and a closed-circuit wind tunnel. After buoyancy was subtracted from the wind-tunnel data (resulting from the louver pressure drop) and the model inertia subtracted from the water-tunnel data (resulting from acceleration of the test article), the remaining lift and drag histories matched well at the low freestream oscillation amplitude regime. The work of Granlund et al. was later extended to high-advance-ratio streamwise oscillations of 50% amplitude by Greenblatt et al., where the aerodynamic histories of the water-tunnel and wind-tunnel facilities were compared in combined pitch and freestreamoscillations (governed by relative pitch phase), pure pitch oscillations, and purely freestream oscillations. Agreement between the two facilities’ data for fixed-incidence streamwise oscillations was reasonably good, and in fact, better than agreement in just the static lift and drag, evidently owing to differences in blockage and model-support systems. Additionally, Greenblatt et al. determined there was no strong coupling between simultaneous freestream oscillations and pitch oscillations on resultant lift and moment coefficients.
KW - Wind energy
KW - Dynamic stall
KW - Deep stall
KW - Airfoil surging
KW - Airfoil pitching
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J056408
SN - 0001-1452
SN - 1533-385X
VL - 56
IS - 4
SP - 1703
EP - 1709
PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
AN - OPUS4-43994
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H.
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
T1 - Laminar separation bubble bursting in a surging stream
N2 - The effect of high-amplitude harmonic surging on airfoil laminar separation bubbles, at small angles of attack, was investigated experimentally in a dedicated surging-flow wind tunnel. A generalized pressure coefficient was developed that accounts for local static pressure variations due to surging. This critical generalization facilitated direct comparisons between surging and quasisteady pressure coefficients, and thus unsteady effects could be distinguished from Reynolds number effects. A momentum-integral boundary layer analysis was implemented to determine movement of the bubble separation point, and movement of the transition point was extracted from experimental surface pressure coefficients. The most significant finding was that bubble bursting occurs, counterintuitively, during early imposition of the favorable temporal pressure gradient, because the favorable pressure gradient rapidly drives the bubble aft, rendering it unable to reattach. This surge-induced dynamic stall mechanism resulted in large lift and form-drag coefficient oscillations.
Furthermore, failure to implement the generalized pressure coefficient definition resulted in temporal form-drag coefficient errors of up to 400 counts.
KW - Aerodynamics
KW - Boundary layer receptivity, stability & separation
KW - Boundary layers
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.L012102
SN - 2469-990X
VL - 8
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - American Physical Society
AN - OPUS4-56860
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
A1 - Calmon, P.
A1 - Carter, L.
A1 - Fischer, J.
A1 - Forsyth, D.
A1 - Holstein, R.
A1 - McGrath, B.
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Pavlovic, Mato
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
A1 - Rummel, W.
A1 - Schubert, F.
A1 - Selby, G.
T1 - Summary of the "open space technology discussions" on reliability of NDE
N2 - Since the beginnings of the European American Workshops (EAW) in 1997, the aim was to gather the experts in NDE reliability and discuss burning topics with the aim of identifying crucial problems and suggesting ways to move forward. This was usually achieved during the so-called break-out sessions, in which predetermined topics were discussed. During the 5th EAW, held in Berlin in 2013, this approach was replaced by an Open Space Technology (OST) approach. The benefit of this approach is seen in the freedom of topic choices, i. e., the topics are not predetermined but rather arise at that moment in that space and by the participants choice. The following topics arose: new reliability methods (Bayesian, MAPOD,
), structural health monitoring, definition of requirements of NDE by customer versus provider, what value of POD is good enough?, human factors, manual versus automated inspection, and basic concepts of reliability of NDE. The participants were encouraged to walk from one session to another and openly express their opinions. These were in the end summarized by a chosen group of moderators and presented in this paper.
N2 - Seit den Anfängen der europäischen amerikanischen Workshops (EAW) im Jahr 1997 war es das Ziel, Experten auf dem Gebiet der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit zusammenzuführen und aktuelle Themen zu diskutieren, um wichtige Probleme zu identifizieren und Wege für deren Lösung vorzuschlagen. Dies wurde in der Regel während der sogenannten Break-out Sessions erreicht, in denen vorgegebene Themen diskutiert wurden. Während des 5. EAW, der in Berlin im Jahr 2013 stattfand, wurde dieser Ansatz durch einen Open Space Technology (OST) Ansatz ersetzt. Open Space ist eine Methode der Gruppenmoderation, die sehr gut geeignet ist, um neue Ideen zu entwickeln und selbstständiges Arbeiten zu fördern, d. h. die Themen werden nicht vorgegeben, sondern ergeben sich in diesem Moment in diesem Raum und durch die Wahl der Teilnehmer. Die folgenden Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: neue Zuverlässigkeitsmethoden (Bayes, MAPOD, ...
), Structural Health Monitoring, Definition von Anforderungen der Kunden gegenüber den ZfP-Anbietern, Welcher Wert der POD ist gut genug?, der Einfluss menschlicher Faktoren, manuelle gegenüber automatisierte Prüfung, sowie Grundkonzepte der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit. Die Teilnehmer wurden aufgefordert, von einer Sitzung zur anderen zu wechseln und offen ihre Meinung zu äußern. Diese Meinungen wurden am Ende von einer ausgewählten Gruppe von Moderatoren zusammengefasst und werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
KW - NDE reliability
KW - POD
KW - Bayesian approach
KW - Structural health monitoring
KW - Human factors
KW - Open space technology
PY - 2014
UR - http://www.hanser-elibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.3139/120.110604
DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110604
SN - 0025-5300
VL - 56
IS - 7-8
SP - 602
EP - 606
PB - Hanser
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-31269
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
A1 - Calmon, P.
A1 - Carter, L.
A1 - Fisher, J.
A1 - Forsyth, D.
A1 - Holstein, R.
A1 - McGrath, B.
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Pavlovic, Mato
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
A1 - Rummel, W.
A1 - Schubert, F.
A1 - Selby, G.
T1 - Summary of the open space technology discussions
N2 - The highlight of 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) was the “Open Space Technology“(OST) discussion. The aim of the 5thEAW and, in particular, of the OST discussion - was to shed light on the reasons, which create a “deltcT between all the qualifications and reliability models and the real reliability in the field.
In the previous 4 Workshops, the different topics of interest were discussed in the so-called break-out sessions, in which a specific goal for each working group was defined beforehand. In order not to move on “the old rails” in search for an answer, the break-out sessions were this year replaced by an open space approach. The reason for this was not to restrict the participants to a certain number of topics, but rather to allow the topics to arisefrom the interests of the participants and the needs of both the researchers and the NDT practitioners. This was achieved through setting up a wall of ideas. Each of the participantswas asked to write down as many questions or topics as they wanted, and pin them up on the wall throughout the duration of the entire Workshop. Finally, when the participants gathered for the discussion, those ideas were organized into 6 main topics:
A. New reliability methods: Multiparameter POD, MAPOD, Bayesian
B. Structural health monitoring
C. Applications in industry
D. Human factors
E. Integrated Solutions and “delta"
F. Basic concepts of reliability of NDE
As in the spirit of the OST, in which the participants themselves determine the
topics and decide how the discussion will flow, the participants from the topics C, D and E
joined their forces and disused together.
The groups separated and, under the moderation of several experts in different NDT reliability fields, the different issues have been discussed. At the end of the day the Groups were asked to present the content and the results of their work. Every group wrote a summary of the discussion.
The purpose of this paper is to present the summaries of the held discussions and, therewith, share with the NDT community the main conclusions.
T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 07.10.2013
PY - 2013
SN - 978-3-940283-53-5
IS - DGZfP-BB 144
SP - 1
EP - 7
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-31271
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Westad, Frank
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Repke, J.-U.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online Spectroscopy in Microemulsions – A Process Analytical Approach for a Hydroformylation Mini-plant
N2 - Within the Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins is studied in a mini-plant, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro¬emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the high sensitivity of this multi-phase system with regard to changes in temperature and composition demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve a reliable and economic plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both online NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control. The lab-scale experiments were supported by off-line GC-analysis as a reference method.
A fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer was directly integrated into the reactor. 25 mixtures with varying concentrations of olefin (1-dodecene), product (n-tridecanal), water, n-dodecane, and technical surfactant (Marlipal 24/70) were prepared according to a D-optimal design. Online NMR spectroscopy was implemented by using a flow probe equipped with 1/16” PFA tubing serving as a flow cell. This was hyphenated to the reactor within a thermostated bypass to maintain process conditions in the transfer lines.
Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established based on the initial spectra after activation of the reaction with syngas for the prediction of unknown concentrations of 1-dodecene and n-tridecanal over the course of the reaction in the lab-scale system. The obtained Raman spectra do not only contain information on the chemical composition but are further affected by the emulsion properties of the mixtures, which depend on the phase state and the type of micelles. Based on the spectral signature of both Raman and NMR spectra, it could be deduced that especially in reaction mixtures with high 1-dodecene content the formation of isomers as a competitive reaction was dominating. Similar trends were also observed during some of the process runs in the mini-plant. The multivariate calibration allowed for the estimation of reactants and products of the hydroformylation reaction in both laboratory setup and mini-plant.
T2 - 4th European Conference on Process Analytics and Control Technology (EuroPACT 2017)
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.05.2017
KW - Microemulsions
KW - Process Analytical Technology
KW - Reaction Monitoring
KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy
KW - Online Raman Spectroscopy
PY - 2017
SP - 64
EP - 64
CY - Frankfurt a. M.
AN - OPUS4-40228
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Process spectroscopy in microemulsions - setup and multi-spectral approach for reaction monitoring of a homogeneous hydroformylation process
N2 - Reaction monitoring in disperse systems, such as emulsions, is of significant technical importance in various disciplines like biotechnological engineering, chemical industry, food science, and a growing number other technical fields. These systems pose several challenges when it comes to process analytics, such as heterogeneity of mixtures, changes in optical behavior, and low optical activity. Concerning this, online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for process monitoring in complex reaction mixtures due to its unique direct comparison abilities, while at the same time being non-invasive and independent of optical properties of the sample. In this study the applicability of online-spectroscopic methods on the homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation system of 1-dodecene to tridecanal is investigated, which is operated in a mini-plant scale at Technische Universität Berlin. The design of a laboratory setup for process-like calibration experiments is presented, including a 500 MHz online NMR spectrometer, a benchtop NMR device with 43 MHz proton frequency as well as two Raman probes and a flow cell assembly for an ultraviolet and visible light (UV/VIS) spectrometer. Results of high-resolution online NMR spectroscopy are shown and technical as well as process-specific problems observed during the measurements are discussed.
KW - Online-spectroscopy
KW - Quantitative NMR spectroscopy
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Microemulsions
PY - 2017
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa54f3
SN - 0957-0233
SN - 1361-6501
VL - 28
IS - 3
SP - 035501-1
EP - 035501-11
PB - IOP Publishing Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-39091
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant I – Experimental setup and NMR reaction monitoring
N2 - Hydroformylation represents an important homogeneous catalyzed process, which is widely used within chemical industry. Usually applied with simple alkenes like Propene and Butene aldehydes obtained from alkenes >C6 are relevant intermediates in production of plasticizers, surfactants and polymers. Today the active catalyst species is often based on valuable Rhodium complexes in aqueous solution. This implies the problem of limited water solubility of the reactands, which is acceptable for short chain lengths, but states a problem in case of higher alkenes. Along with that efficient separation and recycling of the catalyst becomes more complicated. There are different approaches tackling this problem, e.g., by using of salt formation in the BASF process or downstream distillation within the Shell process
T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Wien, Austria
DA - 30.11.2015
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Emuslions
KW - Hydroformylation
KW - Online NMR spectroscopy
KW - Reaction monitoring
PY - 2015
SP - 51
EP - 51
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38845
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Westad, Frank
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant II - Calibration and prediction by Raman spectra
N2 - The Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT aims to establish a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro-emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the temperature and concentration sensitive multi-phase system demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve an operational and economically feasible plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control assistance. The lab-scale experiments were supported by sampling for off-line GC-analysis as reference analytics. The results of the NMR experiments will be part of another contribution.
T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Wien, Austria
DA - 30.11.2015
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie
KW - Emulsions
KW - Hydroformylation
KW - Reaction monitoring
KW - Raman spectroscopy
PY - 2015
SP - 66
EP - 67
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38846
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kanzler, D.
A1 - Müller, Christina
T1 - How much information do we need? A reflection of the correct use of real defects in POD-evaluations
N2 - To evaluate the capability of a non destructive testing system the “truth” of the used defects is essential. But what exactly is the truth of a real defect? And how much information is usable for the study? This presentation gives an overview about an advanced use of multiple metallographic cuts for the POD evaluation. In the presentation an approach is shown where information of metallographic studies are reconstructed and weighted to gain the essential information about real defects and which information are important for the detection with radiographic testing equipment. Furthermore, different connection points are discussed were additional knowledge from simulation and artificial defects can be used to gain additional certainty for the result of the evaluation. The methodology is used for the evaluation for the digital radiographic testing system for the testing of electron-beam welds, which is one possible choice to seal the Finnish copper canisters for the final deposit of spent nuclear fuel.
T2 - 42nd annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation: Incorporating the 6th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE
CY - Minneapolis, MN, USA
DA - 25.07.2015
KW - NDT
KW - POD
KW - Radiography
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4940652
SN - 0094-243X
VL - 1706
SP - 200008-1
EP - 200008-7
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-37596
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kanzler, D.
A1 - Müller, Christina
T1 - Evaluating RT systems with a new POD approach
N2 - The usefulness and purpose of evaluating nondestructive testing (NDT) systems and their capabilities has changed in the last decade. The conventional method of simply applying a familiar statistical algorithm to say whether the system is usable for the tasks is history.
Nowadays, multiple parameter methods which describe the probabilities of detection (POD) of different systems or real defects need new characteristics and a broader variety of statistical models to describe the true system behaviour. The appraisal of the NDT system involves diverse departments within a company (engineering, NDT-operators, and statisticians), but is, at the same time, more needed and requested than in the past. In this article, an approach is discussed in which professionals from different fields worked well together, accomplishing cost-intensive metallographic studies in correlation with well-understood physical behaviour of NDT-methods as well as deep-discussed mathematical methods to create a holistic evaluation of the technical reliability for a specific radiographic testing (RT) equipment. The first part of the publication will show the comparison between metallographic grinding and the RT indications. An essential innovation over past evaluation methods was the use of a multi-scale smoothing algorithm, which describes physical parameters, which were not used in evaluation like the POD in this way in the past.
In the second part the statistical requirements for the POD take the focus. It can often be hard to make significant statements; especially in the case where only a small amount of data is available. The combination of data and the use of knowledge from simulations are essential. One possible solution will be shown for the RT evaluation. The methodology is used for evaluating the digital RT system for the inspection of electron-beam welds, which was method considered to seal the Finnish copper canisters for the final deposit of spent nuclear fuel.
T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing
CY - München, Germany
DA - 13.06.2016
KW - NDT
KW - Reliability
KW - POD
KW - RT
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-375732
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt2016/papers/we1d4.pdf
SP - id 19535, 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-37573
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Repke, J.-U.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Prozessanalytik für die moderne Verfahrenstechnik – Online-NMR- und -Raman-Spektroskopie im mizellaren Stoffsystem
N2 - Homogen katalysierte Reaktionen sind wichtige Werkzeuge der chemischen Industrie. Milde Reaktionsbedingungen und hohe Selektivitäten führen zu einer energie- und ressourcenschonenden Produktion. Ein bedeutender Prozessschritt ist die Hydroformylierung. Hier kommen Kobalt- und Rhodiumkomplexe mit mehrzähnigen Liganden zum Einsatz, die zumeist in wässriger Lösung vorliegen. Die Anwendbarkeit beschränkt sich demnach auf kurzkettige Edukte mit hinreichender Wasserlöslichkeit.
T2 - ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 32. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen 2016
CY - Aachen, Germany
DA - 12.09.2016
KW - Hydroformylierung
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie
KW - NMR-Spektroskopie
KW - Raman-Spektroskopie
KW - Mizellen
PY - 2016
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cite.201650219/epdf
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650219
SN - 1522-2640
VL - 88
SP - 1304
EP - 1317
PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-37316
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -