TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Goschnick, J.
A1 - Häringer, D.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Chanie, E.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by a Sensor System, the European Project SysPAQ
T2 - Indoor Air 2008, 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate
CY - Copenhagen, Denmark
DA - 2008-08-17
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Perceived odour intensity
KW - Profiling
KW - Sensor system
PY - 2008
IS - Paper ID: 530
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-18302
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Goschnick, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Chanie, E.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
T1 - Messung der empfundenen Geruchsintensität mit Multigas-Sensorsystemen, das Forschungsvorhaben SysPAQ
KW - Geruch
KW - Sensorsystem
KW - Perceived Air Quality
KW - Produkttypischer Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
PY - 2007
SN - 978-3-18-091995-9
SN - 0083-5560
IS - 1995
SP - 17
EP - 29
PB - VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-16370
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panasková, J.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Scutaru, A.M.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Entwicklungen der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen in Innenräumen
N2 - Um eine gute Luftqualität in Gebäuden zu erreichen, müssen Reinigungslasten durch Lüften aus Räumen abgeführt bzw. vermieden oder verringert werden. Wird der Luftwechsel verringert, verschlechtert sich die Raumluftqualität, und die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer nimmt ab. An Arbeitsplätzen kann es bei schlechter Luftqualität und der daraus resultierenden Unzufriedenheit zu einer geringeren Produktivität der Beschäftigten kommen. Um die Reinigungslasten und deren Wirkung auf den Raumnutzer überdas Geruchsempfinden zu verringern, ist neben einer messtechnischen Erfassung der Verunreinigungen auch eine sensorische Prüfung in Innenräumen und von Bauprodukten notwendig. In diesem Artikel wird die Entwicklung der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen im Innenraum erläutert und auf Anwendungen eingegangen.
KW - Geruch
KW - Innenraum
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Bewertung
PY - 2014
SN - 2195-643X
VL - 135
IS - 2
SP - 70
EP - 82
PB - DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-32403
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Airaksinen, M.
A1 - Järnström, H.
A1 - Tirkkonen, T.
A1 - Witterseh, T.
T1 - Material labelling: Combined material emission tests and sensory evaluations
T2 - Indoor Air 2008, 11th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate
CY - Copenhagen, Denmark
DA - 2008-08-17
KW - Material labelling
KW - Emission test
KW - Sensory evaluation
KW - Odour intensity
KW - Acceptability
PY - 2008
IS - Paper 1066
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-18047
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Brödner, Doris
A1 - Kalus, Sabine
A1 - Juritsch, Elevtheria
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Kasche, J.
T1 - Chemische analytische Bewertung von Baustoffemissionen
T2 - Deutsche Kälte-Klima-Tagung 2008
CY - Ulm, Deutschland
DA - 2008-11-20
KW - AgBB-Schema
KW - VOC
KW - Emissionen
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Bewertung Emissionen
PY - 2008
IS - AA.IV.15
SP - 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-18406
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Stephan, H.
A1 - Gloe, K.
A1 - Kraus, Werner
A1 - Spies, H.
A1 - Johannsen, B.
A1 - Wichmann, K.
A1 - Reck, Günter
A1 - Chand, D. K.
A1 - Bharadwaj, P. K.
A1 - Müller, U.
A1 - Müller, W. M.
A1 - Vögtle, F.
ED - Moyer, B. A.
T1 - Binding and extraction of pertechnetate and perrhenate by azacages
T2 - Symposium Fundamentals and Applications of Anion Separations ; American Chemical Society national meeting
CY - Chicago, IL, USA
DA - 2001-08-25
PY - 2004
SN - 0-306-47911-7
SP - 151
EP - 168
PB - Kluwer Acad./Plenum Publ.
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-3667
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - Environmental and Health Provisions for Building Products - Identification and evaluation of VOC emissions and odour exposure (Research Report 202 62 320 / UBA-FB 001002)
N2 - In this study 50 construction products were tested in emission test chambers according to the requirements of the AgBB-scheme: 7 acrylic and 6 silicone sealants, 6 paste-like synthetic resin plasters, 13 wood based products, 4 adhesives, 5 lacquers, 6 wall paints and 3 further construction products. VOC and odour emissions were tested on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, and 28th day. In addition to the VOC-measurements, a test procedure was developed to evaluate odour emission of construction products.This test is planned to be implemented into the AgBB-Scheme. A direct evaluation by a sensory panel in the emission test chamber was not possible. So the odour samples were collected in 300- litre tedlar bags which were evaluated later. Odour intensity of the samples was compared with different acetone concentrations. Within this study an interlaboratory comparison was conducted using the newly developed odour test method. Additionally, VVOC emissions, detection of carcinogenic compounds, repeatability of emission test chamber tests, and other issues are presented. This project has shown that construction products can be evaluated in accordance with the AgBB scheme. A sensory evaluation is intended to be introduced in the AgBB scheme. A method for this evaluation is described in this study. The test procedure should be enhanced and validated for practical utilisation.
KW - Building products
KW - Emissions
KW - Odour
KW - AgBB-Scheme
KW - Chamber tests
KW - Interlaboratory study
KW - Construction products
KW - Emission test chamber
KW - Odour evaluation
KW - VOC
KW - VVOC
KW - SVOC
KW - Thermal desorption
KW - GC/MS
KW - GC-ODP
KW - Odour standard of comparison
KW - Gas sensor
KW - Acrylic and silicone sealant
KW - Wood-based product
KW - Paints
KW - Lacquers
KW - Interlaboratory comparison
PY - 2007
UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/environmental-health-provisions-for-building
SN - 1862-4804
SN - 0722-186X
IS - 21
SP - 1
EP - 381
PB - Umweltbundesamt
CY - Dessau-Roßlau
AN - OPUS4-15931
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - VOC emissions from building materials accompanying sensory tests for different evaluation schemes
N2 - Within a follow up project of a former study (Horn et al. 2005) emissions and odor from different types of construction products were investigated (financed by the German Federal Environmental Agency - FKZ 37 07 62 300).
The tested materials were mainly those used for construction of floors indoors. For this type of materials in Germany several labeling procedures exist which are based on Emission chamber testing. Two important labeling procedures in Germany are based on the AgBBevaluation scheme (Däumling et al. 2005). For some applications (flooring material) it is the mandatory Ü-mark of DIBt (German Institute for Construction Technology). Furthermore for carpets, adhesives and many other products, like sealants, mattresses, furniture and so on the voluntary blue angel mark exist. Within this scheme the volatile organic compounds (VOC) compounds are measured with well established procedures and are evaluated with LCI-values which were derived from health information.
Beyond that many complaints according to building products are caused by odors. Therefore an evaluation procedure for the odor is very important and should be implemented into all of the mentioned labeling schemes.
T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate
CY - Austin, TX, USA
DA - 05.06.2011
KW - Odor
KW - Construction product
KW - VOC-emission
KW - Evaluation
KW - AgBB
PY - 2011
IS - Paper 768
SP - 1
EP - 2
AN - OPUS4-23881
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Results of sensory tests and sensory-limit settings for building materials in Germany
N2 - Indoor air pollutants influence the health and comfort of building occupants and consequently the energy consumption of the building. The pollutants are emitted by various sources.
Among these sources, building products are of particular importance. To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany also mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. This procedure is based on the assessment scheine of the Committee for Health-related
Evaluation of Building Products (AgBBScheme). The sensory-limit settings for building-material label Blue Angel offer consumer to differ not only low-emission but also low-odour Building materials from another building materials.
T2 - Indoor Air 2011, 12th International conference on indoor air quality and climate
CY - Austin, TX, USA
DA - 05.06.2011
KW - Perceived air-quality
KW - Odour evaluation
KW - Odour labelling
KW - Test procedure
KW - Standardisation
PY - 2011
IS - Paper 768
SP - 1
EP - 2
AN - OPUS4-23882
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panasková, J.
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Sensory-based evaluation of building product emissions - Integration into the Blue Angel award criteria and assessment scheme of the Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products (UBA-FB 001500 / Förder-Kennz. 370762300)
N2 - Emissions from building products can considerably impair the quality of indoor air. The AgBB scheme is employed to evaluate the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from building products. The hygienic evaluation according to the AgBB scheme requires product-specific measuring procedures.
These are available for a range of products. They have been validated in co-operation with several research and testing institutes and have been included in the criteria for awarding the Blue Angel ecolabel.
The evaluation is, however, stricter and generally has lower limits. VOC emissions and odours can cause health problems so testing using sensors is an important element in the evaluation of building products and has – for reasons of precaution – been set down in the AgBB scheme. The main goal of the project was to derive a method of evaluation using sensors and limits for awarding the Blue Angel and for the AgBB scheme. Based on the research conducted (see Chapter 5 Results and Discussion), perceived intensity and hedonics were suggested as a suitable Evaluation method. The derivation of limits for the evaluation using sensors on the 28th day was effected in the present study through the additional questioning of the test subjects on the reasonability of a sample.
For the Blue Angel, there could be different limits of perceived intensity and hedonics for each group of products. A preliminary suggestion for possible limits – for all product groups – is a perceived intensity of 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi as confidence coefficient, Chapter 5.1.5) and -1 (0+/-0.8, rounded to -1) for the hedonic value.
KW - Labelsysteme
KW - VOC
KW - Geruch
KW - Geruchstest
KW - Emissionsmessungen
KW - Building product
KW - Directive
KW - Health care
KW - Pollutant
KW - Test method
KW - Hydrocarbon
KW - Testing using sensors
KW - Emission
KW - Emission test chamber
KW - Odour
KW - AgBB scheme
KW - Health assessment
KW - Assessment procedure
KW - Volatile organic compounds
KW - Very volatile organic compounds
KW - VVOC
KW - Semi volatile organic compounds
KW - SVOC
KW - Thermal desorption
KW - GC/MS
KW - GC-ODP
KW - Odour standard of comparison
KW - Floor coverings
KW - Coverings
KW - Blue Angel
KW - Odour evaluation
KW - Acceptability
KW - Perceived intensity
KW - Hedonic
KW - Reasonability
KW - Standardization
KW - Environmental sign
KW - Volatile emission
KW - Product labelling
PY - 2011
UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/sensory-based-evaluation-of-building-product
SN - 1862-4804
IS - 61
SP - 1-133, Annex 1-109
PB - Umweltbundesamt
CY - Dessau-Roßlau
AN - OPUS4-25200
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brandt, S.
A1 - Müller, Birgit
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Panasková, J.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Messung und Bewertung von Gerüchen aus Bauprodukten für den Innenraum
T1 - Measurement and evaluation of odour emissions from building products for indoor usage
N2 - Messung und Bewertung von Gerüchen aus Bauprodukten für den Innenraum gewinnen vor allem durch den zunehmenden Bau energieeffizienter Gebäude an Bedeutung. Intensive und unangenehme Gerüche werden von Bewohnerinnen, Bewohnern und Angestellten nicht akzeptiert und können auf Dauer krank machen. Bislang stand noch kein allgemein anerkanntes Messverfahren zur Verfügung. Dieses wurde nun in Forschungsprojekten entwickelt, wobei auch konkrete Bewertungsvorschläge zur Zumutbarkeit von Gerüchen gemacht wurden. Das Verfahren ist an die Messung der Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus Bauprodukten gekoppelt und nutzt Probanden, um die Geruchsstärke (Intensität) und den Geruchseindruck (Hedonik) zu ermitteln. In der Praxis wird das Verfahren nun an verschiedenen Stellen erprobt. Die Bewertung der Geruchsemissionen gibt der Industrie die Möglichkeit, geruchsarme Produkte zu gestalten. Die Kennzeichnung geruchsarmer Bauprodukte mit dem Umweltzeichen Blauer Engel erleichtert Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern die Orientierung beim Einkauf.
N2 - Measuring and evaluating odour emissions from building products used in indoor spaces are becoming increasingly important for the construction of energy-efficient buildings. Intensive and unpleasant smells are not accepted by inhabitants and employees and may lead to negative health effects. Up to now a consistent measuring method for odour emissions has not been available. A measuring method and also concrete standards for the assessment of odours by using reasonableness of smells have now been developed in succeeding research projects. The procedure uses a panel of test persons to determine the strength (intensity) and impression (hedonic appraisal) of odour and is linked to the already well established measurement of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products. At the Moment the new procedure is tested in practice at different laboratories. Evaluating odour emissions helps manufacturers to develop products with low or very low odour emissions. The labeling of low-odour Building products with the environmental label Blue Angel gives consumers an orientation for purchase.
KW - Labelsysteme
KW - VOC
KW - Geruch
KW - Geruchstest
KW - Emissionsmessungen
PY - 2011
SN - 2190-1120
SN - 2190-1147
VL - 4
SP - 50
EP - 58
PB - BfS
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-25210
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
T1 - Olfaktorische Bewertung von Baumaterialien
T2 - 7th Workshop "Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials"
CY - Kassel, Germany
DA - 0005-04-04
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Kammerverfahren
KW - VOC
PY - 2005
SP - 5-1-5-12
PB - Kassel University Press GmbH
CY - Kassel
AN - OPUS4-7363
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
T1 - The use of gas sampling bags for evaluating the odours of building materials
T2 - Indoor Air 2005
CY - Beijing, PR China
DA - 2005-09-04
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Probenahmebehälter
PY - 2005
SN - 7-89494-830-6
IS - 2
SP - 2030
EP - 2034
PB - Tsinghua University Press
CY - Beijing
AN - OPUS4-11073
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Kasche, Johannes
A1 - Bitter, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Müller, B.
T1 - Umwelt- und Gesundheitsanforderungen an Bauprodukte - Ermittlung und Bewertung der VOC-Emissionen und geruchlichen Belastungen (Forschungsbericht 20262320)
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - AbBB-Schema
KW - Kammermessungen
KW - Laborvergleich
PY - 2007
UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/umwelt-gesundheitsanforderungen-an-bauprodukte
SN - 1862-4804
IS - 16
SP - 383 Seiten
PB - Umweltbundesamt
CY - Dessau-Roßlau
AN - OPUS4-14791
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Birgit
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten
N2 - Die Bewertung von VOC-Emissionen aus Bauprodukten soll durch das AgBB-Schema vereinheitlicht werden und eine gesundheitsrelevante Komponente enthalten. Das Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt) hat das AgBB-Schema in weiten Teilen für seine Grundsätze zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten in Innenräumen implementiert. Neben der üblichen chemischen Emissionsmessung soll auch der Geruch für die Bewertung des Produkts herangezogen werden. Um den Geruch als festen Bestandteil in die Produktprüfung zu integrieren, wurden vom Umweltbundesamt zwei Vorhaben initiiert. Erste Ergebnisse des zweiten Vorhabens (FKZ 37 07 62 300; Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten Integration in die Vergabegrundlagen für den Blauen Engel und das Bewertungsschema des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten) werden hier dargestellt.
KW - AgBB-Schema
KW - VOC
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Bewertung Emissionen
PY - 2009
SN - 0949-8036
SN - 0039-0771
SN - 1436-4891
VL - 69
IS - 6
SP - 246
EP - 250
PB - Springer-VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-19658
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Bauproduktprüfung und Geruch - Neue Entwicklungen im Rahmen von Label-Systemen
T2 - 11. Workshop - Geruch und Emissionen bei Kunststoffen
CY - Kassel, Deutschland
DA - 2009-03-30
KW - AgBB-Schema
KW - VOC
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Bewertung Emissionen
PY - 2009
SP - 8-1 - 8-9
AN - OPUS4-19224
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Panasková, J.
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Sensorische Bewertung der Emissionen aus Bauprodukten - Integration in die Vergabegrundlagen für den Blauen Engel und das Bewertungsschema des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten (UBA-FB 001500 / Förder-Kennz. 370762300)
N2 - Emissionen aus Bauprodukten beeinträchtigen die Qualität der Innenraumluft erheblich. Mit Hilfe des AgBB-Schemas werden die Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen (VOC) aus Bauprodukten bewertet. Die gesundheitliche Bewertung nach dem AgBB-Schema erfordert produktspezifische Messverfahren.
Diese gibt es mittlerweile für eine Reihe von Produkten. Sie wurden durch Beteiligung verschiedener Forschungseinrichtungen und Messinstitute validiert und u. a. in die Vergabekriterien des Umweltzeichens Blauer Engel übernommen. Die Bewertung ist allerdings mit zumeist niedrigeren Grenzwerten strenger. VOC-Emissionen und Gerüche können beide zu gesundheitlichen Belastungen führen. So ist die sensorische Prüfung ein weiteres wichtiges Element bei der Bewertung von Bauprodukten und vorsorglich auch im AgBB-Schema verankert.
Hauptziel des Projektes ist es, eine Methode der sensorischen Bewertung und Grenzen für die Vergabe des Blauen Engels und für das AgBB-Schema abzuleiten. Auf Grundlage der durchgeführten Untersuchungen (siehe Kapitel 5 Ergebnisse und Diskussion) wird als Bewertungsmethode die empfundene Intensität und die Hedonik vorgeschlagen. Die Ableitung der Grenzwerte für die sensorische Bewertung am 28. Tag erfolgt über die zusätzliche Befragung der Probanden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie nach der Zumutbarkeit einer Probe.
Für den Blauen Engel könnte es je Produktgruppe unterschiedliche Grenzen der empfundenen Intensität und der Hedonik geben. Ein erster Vorschlag für mögliche Grenzen, hier zunächst einheitlich für alle
Produktgruppen, ist für die empfundene Intensität 7 pi (5 pi + 2 pi als Sicherheit, Kapitel 5.1.5) und für die Hedonik -1 (0 +/-0,8, gerundet auf -1) (siehe dazu Abbildung 6-2).
KW - Bauprodukt
KW - Schadstoff
KW - Prüfverfahren
KW - Blauer Engel
KW - SVOC
KW - Flüchtige Emission
KW - Kohlenwasserstoff
KW - Geruch
KW - Sensorik
KW - AgBB-Schema
PY - 2011
UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/sensorische-bewertung-emissionen-aus-bauprodukten
SN - 1862-4804
IS - 35
SP - 1-146, Anhang 1-109
PB - Umweltbundesamt
CY - Dessau-Roßlau
AN - OPUS4-24926
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Zeidler, O.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Labelling of building materials - A combination of emission tests with odour tests
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - Labelling systems
KW - VOCs
KW - Odour
KW - Sensory tests
KW - Emission tests
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 323
SP - 1
EP - 4
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-19927
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Danielak, M.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Plehn, W.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Implentation of odour test methods into labelling procedures of flooring materials
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - AgBB-Scheme
KW - Labelling
KW - Flooring material
KW - VOC emission
KW - Odour
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 356
SP - 1
EP - 3
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-19926
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Panaskova, J.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Sensory tests for building materials and rooms - Status of the standardisation
N2 - To control the emission of pollutants from building materials, a few different voluntary labelling Systems have been introduced in Europe. In Germany mandatory “Principles for the health assessment of construction products used in interiors” have also been applied for the technical approval of floor coverings since 2004. All of these both voluntary and mandatory Systems combine measurements of volatile organic compounds according to ISO 16000-9 and sensory evaluations (new ISO 16000-28). In this paper a German project financed by the Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environmental Agency) will be presented. The project deals with the questions of how to combine the emission tests with the sensory evaluation and what the best sensory evaluation procedure is for achieving valid and accurate results. The limited values and the evaluation methods will be presented and discussed. In the next Step the criteria for labelling those products without an unpleasant odour will be determined. The current Status of ISO 16000 - 28 and 30 will be also presented.
T2 - Healthy Buildings 2012 - 10th International conference
CY - Brisbane, Australia
DA - 08.07.2012
KW - Sensory evaluation of building materials and rooms
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Standardisation
KW - Label
KW - Normung
KW - Geruch
KW - Messmethoden
KW - Emissionsmessung
KW - Bauprodukte
PY - 2012
SN - 978-1-921897-40-5
SP - 1
EP - 6 (3E.5)
AN - OPUS4-27561
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Thieme-Hack, M.
A1 - Berghaus, U.
A1 - Brümmer, F.
A1 - Elsner, U.
A1 - Färber, C.
A1 - Frank, D.
A1 - Illgas, M.
A1 - Kalbe, Ute
A1 - Kathage, J.
A1 - Leers, A.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Röger-Göpfert, C.
A1 - Russland, H.-J.
A1 - Schnabel, B.
A1 - Schneider, O.
A1 - Schockmann, D.
A1 - Schomakers, H.
A1 - Schwalbe, D.
A1 - Stegemann, D.
A1 - van den Berg, T.
A1 - Kramps, S.
T1 - Fachbericht Kunststoffsportböden - Nachhaltige Kunststoffbelagsauswahl für Sportfreianlagen
N2 - Kunststoff- und Kunststoffrasenflächen kommt bei intensiv genutzten Flächen als Allwetterbeläge eine große Bedeutung zu. Sie leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Absicherung eines ganzjähriger Sportangebote.
Gerade Kunststoffrasen ist aber in den letzten Jahren häufig in die Kritik geraten, insbesondere durch gefährliche Inhaltsstoffe und andere negative Einflüsse auf die Umwelt. Dies hat bei Bauherren zu einer Verunsicherung geführt und Fragen aufgeworfen, die erst teilweise beantwortet sind. Die Diskussionen rund um diesen Allwetterbelag haben bereits dazu geführt, dass von Seiten der Industrie viel verändert wurde und neue innovative Lösungen gefunden werden.
Der Fachbericht stellt eine Handreichung für Fachleute und interessierte Laien dar, um mehr Klarheit besonders hinsichtlich der Umweltanforderungen zu erzielen.
KW - Kunststoffsportbeläge
KW - Kunstrasen
KW - Umweltverträglichkeit
KW - Schadstofftransfer
KW - Mikroplastik
PY - 2022
UR - https://shop.fll.de/de/fachbericht-kunststoffsportboeden-broschuere.html
SP - 1
EP - 70
PB - Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau (FLL)
CY - Bonn
AN - OPUS4-54390
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Baer, D. R.
A1 - Cant, D. J. H.
A1 - Castner, D. G.
A1 - Ceccone, G.
A1 - Engelhard, M. H.
A1 - Karakoti, A. S.
A1 - Müller, Anja
ED - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
ED - Unger, Wolfgang
ED - Shard, A. G.
T1 - Preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis
N2 - A variety of methods used to prepare nano-objects for surface analysis are described along with information about when they might be best applied. Intrinsic properties of NPs which complicate their characterization and need to be considered when planning for surface or other analyses of NPs are identified, including challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and functionalization of the particles as well as their dynamic nature. The relevant information about the sample preparation processes, along with analysis details and data that need to be added to the collection of material provenance information is identified. Examples of protocols that have been successfully used for preparation of nano-objects for surface analysis are included in an annex.
KW - Sample preparation
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Surface chemistry
KW - XPS
KW - Dynamic behavior
KW - Nano-object
KW - Surface analysis
PY - 2020
SN - 978-0-12-814182-3
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00018-3
SP - 295
EP - 347
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-50186
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Seah, M.P.
A1 - Spencer, S.J.
A1 - Bensebaa, F.
A1 - Vickridge, I.
A1 - Danzebrink, H.
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Gross, Thomas
A1 - Österle, Werner
A1 - Wendler, E.
A1 - Rheinländer, B.
A1 - Azuma, Y.
A1 - Kojima, I.
A1 - Suzuki, N.
A1 - Suzuki, M.
A1 - Tanuma, S.
A1 - Moon, D.W.
A1 - Lee, H.J.
A1 - Cho, H.M.
A1 - Chen, H.Y.
A1 - Wee, A. T. S.
A1 - Osipowicz, T.
A1 - Pan, J.S.
A1 - Jordaan, W.A.
A1 - Hauert, R.
A1 - Klotz, U.
A1 - van der Marel, C.
A1 - Verheijen, M.
A1 - Tamminga, Y.
A1 - Jeynes, C.
A1 - Bailey, P.
A1 - Biswas, S.
A1 - Falke, U.
A1 - Nguyen, N.V.
A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D.
A1 - Ehrstein, J.R.
A1 - Muller, D.
A1 - Dura, J.A.
T1 - Critical review of the current status of thickness measurements for ultrathin SiO2 on Si - Part V: Results of a CCQM pilot study
N2 - Results are reported from a pilot study under the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) to compare measurements of and resolve any relevant measurement issues in, the amount of thermal SiO2 oxide on (100) and (111) orientation Si wafer substrates in the thickness range 1.5 - 8 nm. As a result of the invitation to participate in this activity, 45 sets of measurements have been made in different laboratories using 10 analytical methods: medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), RBS, elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS), XPS, SIMS, ellipsometry, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectrometry (GIXRR), neutron reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measurements are made on separate sets of 10 carefully prepared samples, all of which have been characterised by a combination of ellipsometry and XPS using carefully established reference conditions and reference parameters.
The results have been assessed against the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) data and all show excellent linearity. The remaining data sets correlate with the NPL data with average root-mean-square scatters of 0.15 nm, half being better than 0.1 nm and a few at or better than 0.05 nm. Each set of data allows a relative scaling constant and a zero thickness offset to be determined. Each method has an inherent zero thickness offset between 0 nm and 1 nm and it is these offsets, measured here for the first time, that have caused many problems in the past. There are three basic classes of offset: water and carbonadeous contamination equivalent to ~1 nm as seen by ellipsometry; adsorbed oxygen mainly from water at an equivalent thickness of 0.5 nm as seen by MEIS, NRA, RBS and possibly GIXRR; and no offset as seen by XPS using the Si 2p peaks. Each technique has a different uncertainty for the scaling constant and consistent results have been achieved. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has large uncertainties for the scaling constant but a high precision and, critically, if used correctly, has zero offset. Thus, a combination of XPS and the other methods allows the XPS scaling constant to be determined with low uncertainty, traceable via the other methods. XPS laboratories returning results early were invited to test a new reference procedure. All showed very significant improvements. The reference attenuation lengths thus need scaling by 0.986 ± 0.009 (at an expansion factor of 2) deduced from the data for the other methods. Several other methods have small offsets and, to the extent that these can be shown to be constant or measurable, then these methods will also show low uncertainty. Recommendations are provided for parameters for XPS, MEIS, RBS and NRA to improve their accuracy.
KW - Calibration
KW - Ellipsometry
KW - GIXRR
KW - Interlaboratory study
KW - MEIS
KW - Neutron reflectometry
KW - NRA
KW - RBS
KW - Silicon dioxide
KW - SIMS
KW - XPS
PY - 2004
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1909
SN - 0142-2421
SN - 1096-9918
VL - 36
IS - 9
SP - 1269
EP - 1303
PB - Wiley
CY - Chichester
AN - OPUS4-5549
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Seah, M.P.
A1 - Spencer, S.J.
A1 - Bensebaa, F.
A1 - Vickridge, I.
A1 - Danzebrink, H.
A1 - Krumrey, M.
A1 - Gross, Thomas
A1 - Österle, Werner
A1 - Wendler, E.
A1 - Rheinländer, B.
A1 - Azuma, Y.
A1 - Kojima, I.
A1 - Suzuki, N.
A1 - Suzuki, M.
A1 - Tanuma, S.
A1 - Moon, D.W.
A1 - Lee, H.J.
A1 - Cho, H.M.
A1 - Chen, H.Y.
A1 - Wee, A. T. S.
A1 - Osipowicz, T.
A1 - Pan, J.S.
A1 - Jordaan, W.A.
A1 - Hauert, R.
A1 - Klotz, U.
A1 - van der Marel, C.
A1 - Verheijen, M.
A1 - Tamminga, Y.
A1 - Jeynes, C.
A1 - Bailey, P.
A1 - Biswas, S.
A1 - Falke, U.
A1 - Nguyen, N.V.
A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D.
A1 - Ehrstein, J.R.
A1 - Muller, D.
A1 - Dura, J.A.
T1 - Ultra-thin SiO2 on Si, Part V: Results of a CCQM Pilot Study of Thickness Measurements
KW - SiO2
KW - Thin films
KW - Thickness
KW - XPS
KW - Ellipsometry
KW - TEM
PY - 2003
SN - 1473-2734
SP - 57 pages
AN - OPUS4-4118
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abou-Ras, D.
A1 - Caballero, R.
A1 - Fischer, C.-H.
A1 - Kaufmann, C.A.
A1 - Lauermann, I.
A1 - Mainz, R.
A1 - Mönig, H.
A1 - Schöpke, A.
A1 - Stephan, C.
A1 - Streeck, C.
A1 - Schorr, S.
A1 - Eicke, A.
A1 - Döbeli, M.
A1 - Gade, B.
A1 - Hinrichs, J.
A1 - Nunney, T.
A1 - Dijkstra, H.
A1 - Hoffmann, V.
A1 - Klemm, D.
A1 - Efimova, V.
A1 - Bergmaier, A.
A1 - Dollinger, G.
A1 - Wirth, Thomas
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Rockett, A.A.
A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A.
A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J.
A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V.
A1 - Schmid, T.
A1 - Choi, P.-P.
A1 - Müller, M.
A1 - Bertram, F.
A1 - Christen, J.
A1 - Khatri, H.
A1 - Collins, R.W.
A1 - Marsillac, S.
A1 - Kötschau, I.
T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films
N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits.
KW - Elemental distributions
KW - Comparison
KW - Depth profiling
KW - Chemical mapping
KW - Thin films
KW - Solar cells
KW - Chalcopyrite-type
KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523
SN - 1431-9276
SN - 1435-8115
VL - 17
IS - 5
SP - 728
EP - 751
PB - Cambridge University Press
CY - New York, NY
AN - OPUS4-24506
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Massiot, D.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Hübert, Thomas
A1 - Schneider, M.
A1 - Kentgens, A.
A1 - Coté, B.
A1 - Coutures, J.
A1 - Gessner, W.
T1 - Double rotation and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance study of 27Al: reexamination of the aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3
N2 - 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of polycrystalline aluminium borate 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 have been measured in double rotation at 11.7 and 7.0 T and high-speed magic-angle spinning at 7.0, 9.4, 11.7, 14.1 and 17.6 T. Spinning sidebands from the satellite transitions were observed at 7.0 and 14.1 T. Each of the four structural aluminium sites [Al(IV), Al(V)(1), Al(V)(2) and Al(VI)] are observed, characterised and assigned in the spectra. The obtained parameter set gives a fully consistent interpretation in agreement with the crystal structure of the compound.
KW - Aluminium
KW - Kernresonanz, magnetisch
KW - Winkel, magisch
KW - Doppelrotation
PY - 1995
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)00021-H
SN - 0926-2040
SN - 1527-3326
VL - 5
IS - 2
SP - 175
EP - 180
PB - Academ. Press
CY - Orlando, Fla.
AN - OPUS4-639
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Jakob, B.
A1 - Knudsen, H.N.
A1 - Afshari, A.
A1 - Wargocki, P.
A1 - Olesen, B.
A1 - Berglund, B.
A1 - Ramalho, O.
A1 - Häringer, D.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Nesa, D.
A1 - Loubet, F.
A1 - Ruponen, M.
T1 - Measuring perceived air quality and intensity by means of sensor systems, the European Project SysPAQ
T2 - Healthy buildings 2009 - 9th International conference & exhibition
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
DA - 2009-09-13
KW - Sensor systems
KW - Perceived air quality
KW - Perceived intensity
PY - 2009
IS - Paper 326
SP - 1
EP - 4
CY - Syracuse, NY, USA
AN - OPUS4-20106
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Vogel, Christian
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Levandowski, G. V.
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
A1 - Adam, Christian
T1 - Soybean Fertilized by P-Phases from Bagasse-Based Materials: P-Extraction Procedures, Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD)
N2 - The Brazilian sugarcane industry produced around 173 million tons (Mt) of bagasse in 2018. Bagasse is a by-product of juice extraction for ethanol and sugar production and is combusted in order to generate power, producing up to 10 Mt of ash per year. This ash contains various concentrations of plant nutrients, which allow the ash to be used as a crop fertilizer. However, the concentration and extractability of phosphorus (P), an essential plant nutrient, are low in bagasse ash. To increase the P content, we co-gasified and co-combusted bagasse with P-rich chicken manure. The resulting ash was thermochemically post-treated with alkali additives (Na2SO4 and K2SO4) to increase the availability of P to plants. We aimed to: (i) investigate the effect of thermochemical post-treatment of co-gasification residue and co-combustion ash on P availability to soybeans, (ii) explore the potential of chemical extraction methods (citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, formic acid, and Mehlich-I) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to predict the availability of P to soybeans, and (iii) identify the responsible P-phases using X-ray diffraction . We evaluated P availability to soybeans growing in Brazilian Oxisol soil in two independent greenhouse pot experiments. The positive effect of thermochemical treatment on P availability from gasification residue was confirmed through the observation of increased P uptake and biomass in soybean plants. These findings were confirmed by chemical extraction methods and DGT. The gasification residue contained whitlockite as its main P-bearing phase. Thermochemical post-treatment converted whitlockite into highly soluble CaNaPO4. In contrast, co-combustion ash already contained highly soluble Ca(Na,K)PO4 as its main P-bearing phase, making thermochemical post-treatment unnecessary for increasing P availability. In conclusion, increased extractability and availability of P for soybeans were closely connected to the formation of calcium alkali phosphate. Our findings indicate that this combined methodology allows for the prediction of P-fertilization effects of ash.
KW - Sugar cane bagasse
KW - Chicken manure ash
KW - Thermochemical treatment
KW - Nutrient
KW - Plant availability
PY - 2020
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-509735
DO - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060895
VL - 10
SP - 895
EP - 6
PB - MDPI
AN - OPUS4-50973
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dombinov, V.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Meiller, M.
A1 - Müller, F.
A1 - Willbold, S.
A1 - Zang, J. W.
A1 - da Fonseca-Zang, W. A.
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Klose, H.
A1 - Poorter, H.
A1 - Jablonowski, N. D.
A1 - Schrey, S. D.
T1 - Sugarcane bagasse ash as fertilizer for soybeans: Effects of added residues on ash composition, mineralogy, phosphorus extractability and plant availability
N2 - Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K2SO4, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
KW - Combustion and gasification
KW - Phosphate extractability and availability
KW - X-ray diffraction (XRD)
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-567632
DO - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1041924
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
AN - OPUS4-56763
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Mack, D. E.
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Helle, O.
A1 - Sebold, D.
A1 - Vaßen, R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Charakterisierung der Porositäts- und Rissdichteentwicklung in Wärmedämmschichten von Gasturbinenschaufeln mittels Synchrotron Refraktions Radiographie
N2 - Die Degradation von Wärmedämmschichten(thermal barrier coatings - TBCs) in Gasturbinen durch glasartige Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat (CMAS)Ablagerungen aus verschiedenen Quellen istseit vielen Jahren ein anhaltendes Problem. In dieser Studie wurde mit Hilfe derSynchrotron-Röntgen-Refraktions-Radiographie (SXRR), und vergleichend mit der Elektronenmikroskopie, das Eindringen von CMAS in die poröse Struktur von atmosphärisch plasmagespritzten (APS)TBCs sowie die Bildung und das Wachstum von Rissen unter thermisch zyklischer Belastung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Infiltration sowie deren Kinetik im Brenner-Teststand wesentlich vom Benetzungsverhalten des CMAS beeinflusst werden. Trotz desoffensichtlichen Angriffs von CMAS auf die Korngrenzen hat die Wechselwirkung von Yttriumdioxid-stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid (YSZ) mit intrudiertem CMAS keinen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf die Struktur und Dichte der innen Oberflächen(Risse, Poren). In einem späteren Stadium wird die Bildung von Rissen senkrecht zur äußeren Oberfläche in einer breiteren Zone der TBC-Schicht beobachtet.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021
CY - Online meeting
DA - 10.05.2021
KW - CMAS - Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikat
KW - SXRR - Synchrotron X-ray Refraction Radiography
KW - TBC - Thermal barrier coatings
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526732
UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Programm#P32
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-52673
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mack, D. E.
A1 - Laquai, René
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Helle, O.
A1 - Sebold, D.
A1 - Vaßen, R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Evolution of porosity, crack density, and CMAS penetration in thermal barrier coatings subjected to burner rig testing
N2 - Degradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in gas‐turbine engines due to calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) glassy deposits from various sources has been a persistent issue since many years. In this study, state of the art electron microscopy was correlated with X‐ray refraction techniques to elucidate the intrusion of CMAS into the porous structure of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) TBCs and the formation and growth of cracks under thermal cycling in a burner rig. Results indicate that the sparse nature of the infiltration as well as kinetics in the burner rig are majorly influenced by the wetting behavior of the CMAS. Despite the obvious attack of CMAS on grain boundaries, the interaction of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with intruded CMAS has no immediate impact on structure and density of internal surfaces. At a later stage the formation of horizontal cracks is observed in a wider zone of the TBC layer.
KW - Characterization
KW - CMAS
KW - Synchrotron X‐ray refraction radiography
KW - Thermal barrier coatings
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16465
SN - 0002-7820
SN - 1551-2916
VL - 102
IS - 10
SP - 6163
EP - 6175
PB - Wiley
CY - Oxford
AN - OPUS4-47804
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Scharmach, Martina
A1 - Bär, Sylke
A1 - Lewis, A.
A1 - Bloodworth, T.
A1 - Guelle, D.
A1 - Pavkovic, N.
A1 - Steker, I.
T1 - Metalldetektor-Tests in Oberjettenberg November 2003 - Bundeswehrteststelle WTD 52
N2 - Dieses Poster befasst sich mit Testfeldern und Kalibrierflächen, Training, Minensuche in den Testfeldern, Ausmessung der Minenanzeigen, Dateiangabe und Analyse und dem Ausgraben der gefundenen Minen
T2 - ITEP-Workshop 2003
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 16.12.2003
KW - Testfelder
KW - Kalibrierflächen
KW - Minensuche
PY - 2003
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-35853
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Schmitt, M.
A1 - Casperson, Ralf
A1 - Baensch, F.
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Nationale, europäische und internationale Normung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung
N2 - Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien erzeugt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung von Themen und Inhalten der relevanten Normen. Das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen ist ein zusätzlicher Faktor für die inhaltliche Korrektheit und die inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Norm. Denn wer nicht normt, wird genormt und muss letztlich Normen anwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestaltet haben. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden DINSpiegelgremien, welche die europäischen (CEN) und internationalen (ISO) Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexpert*innen für die Mitarbeit autorisieren.
Auf internationaler Ebene findet die Normungsarbeit in den technischen Komitees ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” und ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds” und ihren Arbeitsgruppen statt. Das europäische Pendant ist das CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren” mit seinen Arbeitsgremien. Die DINSpiegelgremien sind für die deutsche Mitarbeit in diesen Gremien und die inhaltliche Bewertung der Norm-Entwürfe zuständig.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2024
CY - Osnabrück, Germany
DA - 05.05.2024
KW - Normung
KW - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
KW - Qualifizierung
KW - Qualitätssicherung
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-600726
DO - https://doi.org/10.58286/29496
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 6
AN - OPUS4-60072
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Wozny, G.
T1 - Raman-based advanced control of an absorption desorption system
N2 - For absorption processes with fluctuating feed gas compositions it is vital to continuously adjust
the operation point to achieve energy efficiency. In this contribution a Raman-based advanced
process control (APC) is introduced for the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) using an aqueous
solution of monoethanolamine (MEA). The APC is based on a Raman spectroscopic analysis of
the composition and CO2 load of the scrubbing liquid and a non-linear model predictive control
(NMPC) to adjust the scrubbing liquid cycle. In addition, an outer real-time optimization loop is
set in place to update the set points for the absorption process depending on the current feed gas composition minimizing the energy consumption of the process. Implementation and testing of the APC have been carried out in a mini-plant at TU Berlin. During a plant operation of more than 160 hours robustness and stability of the APC were shown.
T2 - 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering
CY - Kopenhagen, Denmark
DA - 31.05.2015
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - Advanced process control
KW - CO2
KW - Carbon dioxide
KW - Absorption
KW - Process analytical technology
PY - 2015
UR - https://www.elsevier.com/books/12th-international-symposium-on-process-systems-engineering-and-25th-european-symposium-on-computer-aided-process-engineering/author/978-0-444-63429-0
SN - 9780444634290
SN - 9780444634450
VL - 37
SP - 1523
EP - 1528
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-37669
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Kraemer, B.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Zientek, Nicolai
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
A1 - Wozny, G.
T1 - Improved desorption control via Raman spectroscopy
N2 - In this contribution a Raman spectrometer based control structure for the heating of a desorption column is proposed. For this purpose calibration experiments for the absorption of carbon dioxide using monoethanolamine solutions are carried out and calibration models are developed to measure both carbon dioxide liquid loads and monoethanolamine mass fractions. The calibration experiments are supported by online NMR spectroscopy to accurately measure the appearance of all species in the electrolyte system. Both models are tested during the plant operation of a mini-plant for the oxidative coupling of methane and the proof of concept for the control structure is given. The Raman spectroscopy implemented in the ATEX conform mini-plant shows a reliable and robust performance being even indifferent to impurities hindering the GC analysis.
T2 - 20th International Conference of Process Engineering and Chemical Plant Design
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 15.10.2014
KW - Absorption
KW - Carbon capture
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - desorption control
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Process analytical technology
PY - 2014
UR - https://www.verfahrenstechnik.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/fg158/Dokumente/Manuskripte/2014/20th-ICPEPD-Proceedings.pdf
SN - 978-3-00-047364-7
SP - 223
EP - 233
PB - Technische Universität Berlin
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-37399
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Hydroformylation of long-chained alkenes in microemulsions: Raman-spectrometer assisted mini-plant operation
N2 - Hydroformylation in microemulsions under mild reaction conditions is investigated using a Rhodium-based catalyst yields high selectivity of 98:2 of the desired linear product. A successful mini-plant operation for over 130 hours was performed. Online concentration monitoring of the system was done using 785nm Raman spectrometer.
T2 - Conference: 9th International Symposium on Catalysis in Multiphase Reactors
CY - Lyon, France
DA - 07.12.2014
KW - Hydroformylierung
KW - Reaction monitoring
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - Online monitoring
KW - Prozessanalytik
PY - 2014
AN - OPUS4-37400
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Kraemer, B.
A1 - Zientek, Nicolai
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Eine robuste Prozessanalytik für die Reaktivabsorption von CO2 aus industriellen Gasströmen basierend auf Online-NMR- und -Raman-Spektroskopie
N2 - Die Abtrennung von CO2 aus industriellen Gasströmen ist eine großtechnisch wichtige Trennaufgabe. Neben der Aufarbeitung von Erdgas werden diese Verfahren zur Verminderung der CO2-Emission durch industrielle Rauchgase, insbesondere für alternativlose Prozesse wie die Stahl- und Zementproduktion diskutiert.
T2 - 10. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Gerlingen, Germany
DA - 25.11.2014
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - CO2-Absorption
KW - CCS
PY - 2014
UR - http://arbeitskreis-prozessanalytik.de/images/stories/Veranstaltungen/Kolloquien/10_kolloquium_2014/tagungsband_10_kolloquium_ak_prozessanalytik_2014_hq-druck_f.pdf
SP - P03, 23
EP - 23
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38359
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Chemometric modeling of on-line Raman spectra from miniplant operation
N2 - The project InPROMPT aims to establish a robust hydroformylation reaction process of the alkene n-dodecene to the aldehyde n-tridecanal using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. This industrial relevant production process demands further research for optimization and expansion. For that purpose, the fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer is directly introduced in the product stream, which enables the recording of spectra within short control intervals.
T2 - 10. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Gerlingen, Germany
DA - 25.11.2014
KW - Reaction monitoring
KW - Chemometrics
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - Hydroformylation
PY - 2014
UR - http://arbeitskreis-prozessanalytik.de/images/stories/Veranstaltungen/Kolloquien/10_kolloquium_2014/tagungsband_10_kolloquium_ak_prozessanalytik_2014_hq-druck_f.pdf
SP - P12, 34
EP - 34
PB - BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38361
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. F.
A1 - Nayeri, C. N.
A1 - Paschereit, C. O.
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
T1 - Airfoil synchronous surging and pitching
N2 - Combined surging and pitching of an airfoil at the identical frequency (i.e. synchronously), at four different phase differences, was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The most general unsteady theoretical formulation was adopted to calculate the lift coefficient, and then extended to explicitly compute the unsteady bound vortex sheet. This was used for comparison with experiments and facilitated the computation of both Joukowsky and impulsive-pressure lift contributions. Experiments were performed using a symmetric 18 % thick airfoil in an unsteady wind tunnel at an average Reynolds number of 3.0*10^5 , with a free-stream oscillation amplitude of 51 %, an angle-of-attack range of 2° +- 2° and a reduced frequency of 0.097. In general, excellent correspondence was observed between theory and experiment, representing the first direct experimental validation of the general theory. It was shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that the lift coefficient was not accurately represented by independent superposition of surging and pitching effects, due to variations in the instantaneous effective reduced frequency not accounted for during pure pitching. Deviations from theory, observed at angle-of-attack phase leads of 90° and 180°, were attributed to bursting of separation bubbles during the early stages of the acceleration phase. The largest deviations occurred when the impulsive-pressure lift contribution was small relative to the Joukowsky contribution, because the latter was most affected by bubble bursting. Bubble bursting resulted in large form-drag oscillations that occurred at identical phase angles within the oscillation cycle, irrespective of the phase difference between surging and pitching, as well as in the absence of pitching.
KW - Unsteady aerodynamics
KW - Dynamic stall
KW - Separation bubble
KW - Bubble bursting
PY - 2025
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-630068
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.220
SN - 1469-7645
VL - 1009
SP - 1
EP - 33
PB - Cambridge University Press (CUP)
AN - OPUS4-63006
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sittner, Jonathan
A1 - Götze, Jens
A1 - Müller, Axel
A1 - Renno, Axel D.
A1 - Ziegenrücker, René
A1 - Pan, Yuanming
T1 - Trace element analysis and luminescence behavior of quartz in pegmatites of the Tørdal Region, Norway
N2 - This publication presents a study on the mineral chemistry and luminescence properties of quartz samples from pegmatites of the Tørdal region in Norway. A total of 12 samples were analyzed using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR), and Cathodoluminescence (CL) to gain insights into their trace element concentration and distribution as well as their luminescence behavior. The samples are characterized by different Cl emissions at 450 nm, 500 nm 650 nm and an additional shoulder at 390 nm, which is only partially visible due to the absorption of the glass optics. Of these luminescence bands, the 500 nm band is the most dominant in most samples and it is characterized by an initial blue-green luminescence, which is not stable under electron irradiation. Moreover, it is characterized by a heterogeneous distribution within the samples. This luminescence can be mostly assigned to [AlO4/M+]0 defects, with charge compensation mostly achieved by Li+. Analyses by EPR spectroscopy prove the dominance of structurally bound Al, Li, and Ti ions in the investigated samples. Further analyses using SIMS mapping demonstrate that Na and K are mainly bound to micro fractures or inclusions, suggesting a limited role in the compensation of the luminescence centers. Additionally, the SIMS mappings show that some samples contain Al-rich clusters of 10 to 20 µm in diameter, whereas other trace elements are characterized by a homogeneous distribution. These clusters correspond to bright luminescence areas in size and shape and could potentially indicate H+ compensated [AlO4/M+]0 defects.
KW - Quartz
KW - Trace elements
KW - SIMS
KW - Cathodoluminescence
KW - EPR
KW - Tørdal
KW - Pegmatite
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-612529
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122427
VL - 670
SP - 1
EP - 15
PB - Elsevier BV
AN - OPUS4-61252
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Medina, A.
A1 - Ol, M. V.
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H.
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
T1 - High-Amplitude Surge of a Pitching Airfoil: Complementary Wind- and Water-Tunnel Measurements
N2 - RECENT interest in gust response, rotorcraft forward flight and wind energy, among other applications, has focused on streamwise oscillations of nominally two-dimensional airfoils in attached and separated flows. The airfoil may be simultaneously held at constant incidence or execute some maneuver, such as pitch.
The relative freestream is spatially uniform but temporally unsteady, and this can be accomplished in a ground-test facility in two ways. The first method is to vary the output of the prime mover, such as the rotational speed of the impeller or the blower driving a wind tunnel, or (alternatively) to vary the pressure drop in the tunnel, thereby varying the flow speed in the test section, despite nominally constant primemover revolutions per minute. The second method is used to keep the tunnel’s operating speed constant, as well as to move the test article in the streamwise direction, fore and aft (for example, via an electric linear motor), such that the relative freestream speed felt by the test article varies according to some waveform. Typically, the latter approach is chosen in water tunnels, where there is too much tunnel-circuit inertia to vary the flow speed directly but where the usually low tunnel test section flow speeds enable large excursions in the relative freestream by oscillation of the test article. In fact, outright reverse flow is possible by moving the test article in the laboratory frame at a higher speed than the water-tunnel flow speed. In either case, a sinusoidal relative-speed waveform is the most intuitively realizable, and this can be combined with similar oscillations in the airfoil incidence angle or other kinematics. Although the two methods of realizing streamwise oscillations are mechanically distinct, experimental comparisons between an oscillating test article in a water tunnel and a stationary test article in a wind tunnel with a louvermechanismhave demonstrated agreement in themeasured lift and drag histories. Such experimentswere performed by Granlund et al. for a 10% freestream amplitude oscillation and fixed airfoil incidence, comparing a free-surface water tunnel and a closed-circuit wind tunnel. After buoyancy was subtracted from the wind-tunnel data (resulting from the louver pressure drop) and the model inertia subtracted from the water-tunnel data (resulting from acceleration of the test article), the remaining lift and drag histories matched well at the low freestream oscillation amplitude regime. The work of Granlund et al. was later extended to high-advance-ratio streamwise oscillations of 50% amplitude by Greenblatt et al., where the aerodynamic histories of the water-tunnel and wind-tunnel facilities were compared in combined pitch and freestreamoscillations (governed by relative pitch phase), pure pitch oscillations, and purely freestream oscillations. Agreement between the two facilities’ data for fixed-incidence streamwise oscillations was reasonably good, and in fact, better than agreement in just the static lift and drag, evidently owing to differences in blockage and model-support systems. Additionally, Greenblatt et al. determined there was no strong coupling between simultaneous freestream oscillations and pitch oscillations on resultant lift and moment coefficients.
KW - Wind energy
KW - Dynamic stall
KW - Deep stall
KW - Airfoil surging
KW - Airfoil pitching
PY - 2018
DO - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J056408
SN - 0001-1452
SN - 1533-385X
VL - 56
IS - 4
SP - 1703
EP - 1709
PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
AN - OPUS4-43994
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H.
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
T1 - Laminar separation bubble bursting in a surging stream
N2 - The effect of high-amplitude harmonic surging on airfoil laminar separation bubbles, at small angles of attack, was investigated experimentally in a dedicated surging-flow wind tunnel. A generalized pressure coefficient was developed that accounts for local static pressure variations due to surging. This critical generalization facilitated direct comparisons between surging and quasisteady pressure coefficients, and thus unsteady effects could be distinguished from Reynolds number effects. A momentum-integral boundary layer analysis was implemented to determine movement of the bubble separation point, and movement of the transition point was extracted from experimental surface pressure coefficients. The most significant finding was that bubble bursting occurs, counterintuitively, during early imposition of the favorable temporal pressure gradient, because the favorable pressure gradient rapidly drives the bubble aft, rendering it unable to reattach. This surge-induced dynamic stall mechanism resulted in large lift and form-drag coefficient oscillations.
Furthermore, failure to implement the generalized pressure coefficient definition resulted in temporal form-drag coefficient errors of up to 400 counts.
KW - Aerodynamics
KW - Boundary layer receptivity, stability & separation
KW - Boundary layers
PY - 2023
DO - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.L012102
SN - 2469-990X
VL - 8
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - American Physical Society
AN - OPUS4-56860
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
A1 - Calmon, P.
A1 - Carter, L.
A1 - Fischer, J.
A1 - Forsyth, D.
A1 - Holstein, R.
A1 - McGrath, B.
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Pavlovic, Mato
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
A1 - Rummel, W.
A1 - Schubert, F.
A1 - Selby, G.
T1 - Summary of the "open space technology discussions" on reliability of NDE
N2 - Since the beginnings of the European American Workshops (EAW) in 1997, the aim was to gather the experts in NDE reliability and discuss burning topics with the aim of identifying crucial problems and suggesting ways to move forward. This was usually achieved during the so-called break-out sessions, in which predetermined topics were discussed. During the 5th EAW, held in Berlin in 2013, this approach was replaced by an Open Space Technology (OST) approach. The benefit of this approach is seen in the freedom of topic choices, i. e., the topics are not predetermined but rather arise at that moment in that space and by the participants choice. The following topics arose: new reliability methods (Bayesian, MAPOD,
), structural health monitoring, definition of requirements of NDE by customer versus provider, what value of POD is good enough?, human factors, manual versus automated inspection, and basic concepts of reliability of NDE. The participants were encouraged to walk from one session to another and openly express their opinions. These were in the end summarized by a chosen group of moderators and presented in this paper.
N2 - Seit den Anfängen der europäischen amerikanischen Workshops (EAW) im Jahr 1997 war es das Ziel, Experten auf dem Gebiet der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit zusammenzuführen und aktuelle Themen zu diskutieren, um wichtige Probleme zu identifizieren und Wege für deren Lösung vorzuschlagen. Dies wurde in der Regel während der sogenannten Break-out Sessions erreicht, in denen vorgegebene Themen diskutiert wurden. Während des 5. EAW, der in Berlin im Jahr 2013 stattfand, wurde dieser Ansatz durch einen Open Space Technology (OST) Ansatz ersetzt. Open Space ist eine Methode der Gruppenmoderation, die sehr gut geeignet ist, um neue Ideen zu entwickeln und selbstständiges Arbeiten zu fördern, d. h. die Themen werden nicht vorgegeben, sondern ergeben sich in diesem Moment in diesem Raum und durch die Wahl der Teilnehmer. Die folgenden Themen wurden herausgearbeitet: neue Zuverlässigkeitsmethoden (Bayes, MAPOD, ...
), Structural Health Monitoring, Definition von Anforderungen der Kunden gegenüber den ZfP-Anbietern, Welcher Wert der POD ist gut genug?, der Einfluss menschlicher Faktoren, manuelle gegenüber automatisierte Prüfung, sowie Grundkonzepte der ZfP-Zuverlässigkeit. Die Teilnehmer wurden aufgefordert, von einer Sitzung zur anderen zu wechseln und offen ihre Meinung zu äußern. Diese Meinungen wurden am Ende von einer ausgewählten Gruppe von Moderatoren zusammengefasst und werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
KW - NDE reliability
KW - POD
KW - Bayesian approach
KW - Structural health monitoring
KW - Human factors
KW - Open space technology
PY - 2014
UR - http://www.hanser-elibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.3139/120.110604
DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110604
SN - 0025-5300
VL - 56
IS - 7-8
SP - 602
EP - 606
PB - Hanser
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-31269
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
A1 - Calmon, P.
A1 - Carter, L.
A1 - Fisher, J.
A1 - Forsyth, D.
A1 - Holstein, R.
A1 - McGrath, B.
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Pavlovic, Mato
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
A1 - Rummel, W.
A1 - Schubert, F.
A1 - Selby, G.
T1 - Summary of the open space technology discussions
N2 - The highlight of 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) was the “Open Space Technology“(OST) discussion. The aim of the 5thEAW and, in particular, of the OST discussion - was to shed light on the reasons, which create a “deltcT between all the qualifications and reliability models and the real reliability in the field.
In the previous 4 Workshops, the different topics of interest were discussed in the so-called break-out sessions, in which a specific goal for each working group was defined beforehand. In order not to move on “the old rails” in search for an answer, the break-out sessions were this year replaced by an open space approach. The reason for this was not to restrict the participants to a certain number of topics, but rather to allow the topics to arisefrom the interests of the participants and the needs of both the researchers and the NDT practitioners. This was achieved through setting up a wall of ideas. Each of the participantswas asked to write down as many questions or topics as they wanted, and pin them up on the wall throughout the duration of the entire Workshop. Finally, when the participants gathered for the discussion, those ideas were organized into 6 main topics:
A. New reliability methods: Multiparameter POD, MAPOD, Bayesian
B. Structural health monitoring
C. Applications in industry
D. Human factors
E. Integrated Solutions and “delta"
F. Basic concepts of reliability of NDE
As in the spirit of the OST, in which the participants themselves determine the
topics and decide how the discussion will flow, the participants from the topics C, D and E
joined their forces and disused together.
The groups separated and, under the moderation of several experts in different NDT reliability fields, the different issues have been discussed. At the end of the day the Groups were asked to present the content and the results of their work. Every group wrote a summary of the discussion.
The purpose of this paper is to present the summaries of the held discussions and, therewith, share with the NDT community the main conclusions.
T2 - 5th European-American workshop on reliability of NDE
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 07.10.2013
PY - 2013
SN - 978-3-940283-53-5
IS - DGZfP-BB 144
SP - 1
EP - 7
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-31271
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Westad, Frank
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Repke, J.-U.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online Spectroscopy in Microemulsions – A Process Analytical Approach for a Hydroformylation Mini-plant
N2 - Within the Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins is studied in a mini-plant, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro¬emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the high sensitivity of this multi-phase system with regard to changes in temperature and composition demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve a reliable and economic plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both online NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control. The lab-scale experiments were supported by off-line GC-analysis as a reference method.
A fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer was directly integrated into the reactor. 25 mixtures with varying concentrations of olefin (1-dodecene), product (n-tridecanal), water, n-dodecane, and technical surfactant (Marlipal 24/70) were prepared according to a D-optimal design. Online NMR spectroscopy was implemented by using a flow probe equipped with 1/16” PFA tubing serving as a flow cell. This was hyphenated to the reactor within a thermostated bypass to maintain process conditions in the transfer lines.
Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established based on the initial spectra after activation of the reaction with syngas for the prediction of unknown concentrations of 1-dodecene and n-tridecanal over the course of the reaction in the lab-scale system. The obtained Raman spectra do not only contain information on the chemical composition but are further affected by the emulsion properties of the mixtures, which depend on the phase state and the type of micelles. Based on the spectral signature of both Raman and NMR spectra, it could be deduced that especially in reaction mixtures with high 1-dodecene content the formation of isomers as a competitive reaction was dominating. Similar trends were also observed during some of the process runs in the mini-plant. The multivariate calibration allowed for the estimation of reactants and products of the hydroformylation reaction in both laboratory setup and mini-plant.
T2 - 4th European Conference on Process Analytics and Control Technology (EuroPACT 2017)
CY - Potsdam, Germany
DA - 10.05.2017
KW - Microemulsions
KW - Process Analytical Technology
KW - Reaction Monitoring
KW - Online NMR Spectroscopy
KW - Online Raman Spectroscopy
PY - 2017
SP - 64
EP - 64
CY - Frankfurt a. M.
AN - OPUS4-40228
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Process spectroscopy in microemulsions - setup and multi-spectral approach for reaction monitoring of a homogeneous hydroformylation process
N2 - Reaction monitoring in disperse systems, such as emulsions, is of significant technical importance in various disciplines like biotechnological engineering, chemical industry, food science, and a growing number other technical fields. These systems pose several challenges when it comes to process analytics, such as heterogeneity of mixtures, changes in optical behavior, and low optical activity. Concerning this, online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for process monitoring in complex reaction mixtures due to its unique direct comparison abilities, while at the same time being non-invasive and independent of optical properties of the sample. In this study the applicability of online-spectroscopic methods on the homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation system of 1-dodecene to tridecanal is investigated, which is operated in a mini-plant scale at Technische Universität Berlin. The design of a laboratory setup for process-like calibration experiments is presented, including a 500 MHz online NMR spectrometer, a benchtop NMR device with 43 MHz proton frequency as well as two Raman probes and a flow cell assembly for an ultraviolet and visible light (UV/VIS) spectrometer. Results of high-resolution online NMR spectroscopy are shown and technical as well as process-specific problems observed during the measurements are discussed.
KW - Online-spectroscopy
KW - Quantitative NMR spectroscopy
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Microemulsions
PY - 2017
DO - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa54f3
SN - 0957-0233
SN - 1361-6501
VL - 28
IS - 3
SP - 035501-1
EP - 035501-11
PB - IOP Publishing Ltd.
AN - OPUS4-39091
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant I – Experimental setup and NMR reaction monitoring
N2 - Hydroformylation represents an important homogeneous catalyzed process, which is widely used within chemical industry. Usually applied with simple alkenes like Propene and Butene aldehydes obtained from alkenes >C6 are relevant intermediates in production of plasticizers, surfactants and polymers. Today the active catalyst species is often based on valuable Rhodium complexes in aqueous solution. This implies the problem of limited water solubility of the reactands, which is acceptable for short chain lengths, but states a problem in case of higher alkenes. Along with that efficient separation and recycling of the catalyst becomes more complicated. There are different approaches tackling this problem, e.g., by using of salt formation in the BASF process or downstream distillation within the Shell process
T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Wien, Austria
DA - 30.11.2015
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Emuslions
KW - Hydroformylation
KW - Online NMR spectroscopy
KW - Reaction monitoring
PY - 2015
SP - 51
EP - 51
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38845
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Westad, Frank
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Wozny, G.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Online spectroscopy in microemulsions – A process analytical approach for hydroformylation miniplant II - Calibration and prediction by Raman spectra
N2 - The Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT aims to establish a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro-emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the temperature and concentration sensitive multi-phase system demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve an operational and economically feasible plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control assistance. The lab-scale experiments were supported by sampling for off-line GC-analysis as reference analytics. The results of the NMR experiments will be part of another contribution.
T2 - 11. Kolloquium Arbeitskreis Prozessanalytik
CY - Wien, Austria
DA - 30.11.2015
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Process analytical technology
KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie
KW - Emulsions
KW - Hydroformylation
KW - Reaction monitoring
KW - Raman spectroscopy
PY - 2015
SP - 66
EP - 67
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-38846
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kanzler, D.
A1 - Müller, Christina
T1 - How much information do we need? A reflection of the correct use of real defects in POD-evaluations
N2 - To evaluate the capability of a non destructive testing system the “truth” of the used defects is essential. But what exactly is the truth of a real defect? And how much information is usable for the study? This presentation gives an overview about an advanced use of multiple metallographic cuts for the POD evaluation. In the presentation an approach is shown where information of metallographic studies are reconstructed and weighted to gain the essential information about real defects and which information are important for the detection with radiographic testing equipment. Furthermore, different connection points are discussed were additional knowledge from simulation and artificial defects can be used to gain additional certainty for the result of the evaluation. The methodology is used for the evaluation for the digital radiographic testing system for the testing of electron-beam welds, which is one possible choice to seal the Finnish copper canisters for the final deposit of spent nuclear fuel.
T2 - 42nd annual review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation: Incorporating the 6th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE
CY - Minneapolis, MN, USA
DA - 25.07.2015
KW - NDT
KW - POD
KW - Radiography
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4940652
SN - 0094-243X
VL - 1706
SP - 200008-1
EP - 200008-7
PB - AIP Publishing
AN - OPUS4-37596
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kanzler, D.
A1 - Müller, Christina
T1 - Evaluating RT systems with a new POD approach
N2 - The usefulness and purpose of evaluating nondestructive testing (NDT) systems and their capabilities has changed in the last decade. The conventional method of simply applying a familiar statistical algorithm to say whether the system is usable for the tasks is history.
Nowadays, multiple parameter methods which describe the probabilities of detection (POD) of different systems or real defects need new characteristics and a broader variety of statistical models to describe the true system behaviour. The appraisal of the NDT system involves diverse departments within a company (engineering, NDT-operators, and statisticians), but is, at the same time, more needed and requested than in the past. In this article, an approach is discussed in which professionals from different fields worked well together, accomplishing cost-intensive metallographic studies in correlation with well-understood physical behaviour of NDT-methods as well as deep-discussed mathematical methods to create a holistic evaluation of the technical reliability for a specific radiographic testing (RT) equipment. The first part of the publication will show the comparison between metallographic grinding and the RT indications. An essential innovation over past evaluation methods was the use of a multi-scale smoothing algorithm, which describes physical parameters, which were not used in evaluation like the POD in this way in the past.
In the second part the statistical requirements for the POD take the focus. It can often be hard to make significant statements; especially in the case where only a small amount of data is available. The combination of data and the use of knowledge from simulations are essential. One possible solution will be shown for the RT evaluation. The methodology is used for evaluating the digital RT system for the inspection of electron-beam welds, which was method considered to seal the Finnish copper canisters for the final deposit of spent nuclear fuel.
T2 - 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing
CY - München, Germany
DA - 13.06.2016
KW - NDT
KW - Reliability
KW - POD
KW - RT
PY - 2016
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-375732
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt2016/papers/we1d4.pdf
SP - id 19535, 1
EP - 8
AN - OPUS4-37573
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Meyer, Klas
A1 - Ruiken, J.-P.
A1 - Illner, M.
A1 - Paul, Andrea
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Esche, E.
A1 - Repke, J.-U.
A1 - Maiwald, Michael
T1 - Prozessanalytik für die moderne Verfahrenstechnik – Online-NMR- und -Raman-Spektroskopie im mizellaren Stoffsystem
N2 - Homogen katalysierte Reaktionen sind wichtige Werkzeuge der chemischen Industrie. Milde Reaktionsbedingungen und hohe Selektivitäten führen zu einer energie- und ressourcenschonenden Produktion. Ein bedeutender Prozessschritt ist die Hydroformylierung. Hier kommen Kobalt- und Rhodiumkomplexe mit mehrzähnigen Liganden zum Einsatz, die zumeist in wässriger Lösung vorliegen. Die Anwendbarkeit beschränkt sich demnach auf kurzkettige Edukte mit hinreichender Wasserlöslichkeit.
T2 - ProcessNet-Jahrestagung und 32. DECHEMA-Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen 2016
CY - Aachen, Germany
DA - 12.09.2016
KW - Hydroformylierung
KW - Prozessanalytik
KW - Prozess-Spektroskopie
KW - NMR-Spektroskopie
KW - Raman-Spektroskopie
KW - Mizellen
PY - 2016
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cite.201650219/epdf
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650219
SN - 1522-2640
VL - 88
SP - 1304
EP - 1317
PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-37316
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Krumbholz, N.
A1 - Jansen, A.
A1 - Scheller, M.
A1 - Müller-Wirts, T.
A1 - Lübbecke, S.
A1 - Holzwarth, R.
A1 - Scheunemann, R.
A1 - Wilk, R.
A1 - Sartorius, B.
A1 - Roehle, H.
A1 - Stanze, D.
A1 - Beckmann, Jörg
A1 - von Chrzanowski, Lars
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
A1 - Koch, M.
ED - Keith A. Krapels,
ED - Neil A. Salmon,
T1 - Handheld terahertz spectrometer for the detection of liquid explosives
N2 - We present a handheld fiber-coupled terahertz spectrometer operating at a center wavelength of 1550 nm. The key elements are a fs-fiber laser, a fiber stretcher delay line and fiber-coupled antennas, which contain novel InAlAs-InGaAs multi layer chips. First experimental data obtained with this system demonstrates its great potential and robustness. In addition, we investigate different hazardous and harmless liquids in reflection geometry. These experiments show that liquids are in principle distinguishable by terahertz spectroscopy. Finally, first steps towards an algorithm that allows for an extraction of the liquids dielectric properties are discussed. The algorithm works for the analysis of reflection data even if the liquid is located inside a container.
KW - Handheld terahertz spectrometer
KW - Liquid explosives
PY - 2009
DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.830381
SN - 0277-786X
VL - 7485
SP - 748504-1 - 748504-12
AN - OPUS4-20268
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Joschko, M.
A1 - Reinhold, J.
A1 - Barkusky, D.
A1 - Wiemer, M.
A1 - Remus, R.
A1 - Busse, J.
A1 - Müller, H.-J.
A1 - Kiesel, J.
A1 - Gleixner, G.
A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard
A1 - Kirchner, M.
A1 - Oehley, J.
A1 - Gerlach, F.
T1 - Wirkung einer organischen Düngung mit Seeschlamm auf sandigem Boden im nordostdeutschen Trockengebiet
PY - 2009
SP - 1
EP - 162
CY - Frankfurt/Main
AN - OPUS4-20928
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bernhardt, R.
A1 - Scharnweber, D.
A1 - Müller, B.
A1 - Thurner, P.
A1 - Schliephake, K.
A1 - Wyss, P.
A1 - Beckmann, F.
A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen
A1 - Worch, H.
T1 - Comparison of microfocus- and synchrotron X-ray tomography for the analysis of osteointegration around T16AL4V-implants
N2 - Micro-computed tomography (µCT) provides quantitative three-dimensional information of bone around titanium implants similar to classical histology. The study, based on an animal model, using cuboid-shaped biofunctionalised Ti6Al4V implants with surrounding bone after 4 weeks, is performed using 3 µCT-systems with X-ray tubes, one synchrotron-radiation-based µCT-system (SRµCT), and classical histology. Although the spatial resolution of the µCTsystems is comparable, only the results of SRµCT agree with results of classical histology. The X-ray tube sources give rise to huge artefacts in the tomograms (interface scattering, beam hardening), which impaired the quantitative analysis of bone up to about 200 µm from the implant surface. Due to the non-destructive character of µCT the specimens can be subsequently examined by classical histology
without restriction. The quantitative comparison of bone formation uncovers the strong dependence of the detected amount of newly formed bone from the selected slice. This
implies the necessity of 3D analysis. SRµCT and classical histology prove that surface modifications of the titanium implant significantly influence the bone formation. Using SRµCT, the preparation artefacts due to cutting and polishing are excluded.
KW - X-ray micro computed tomography
KW - Comparison of microfocus and synchrotron radiation
KW - Osteointegration
KW - Surface modification of titanium implants
KW - Histology
KW - Bone segmentation
KW - Quantification of bone formation
PY - 2004
UR - http://www.ecmjournal.org/journal/papers/vol007/vol007a05.php
SN - 1473-2262
VL - 7
SP - 42
EP - 51
PB - Univ. of Wales
CY - Aberystwyth, Wales
AN - OPUS4-5600
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kolar, J.
A1 - Strlic, M.
A1 - Müller-Hess, D.
A1 - Gruber, A.
A1 - Troschke, K.
A1 - Pentzien, Simone
A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang
T1 - Near-UV and visible pulsed laser interaction with paper
N2 - The applicability of excimer laser at 308 nm and Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm with fluences below 0.86 J/cm2 for cleaning of cellulose and paper materials was evaluated. The extent of degradation of purified cotton cellulose and Fabriano paper after laser treatment as well as after a period of accelerated humid oven ageing was determined by following the changes in the degree of polymerization. While irradiation of paper with the excimer laser at 308 nm results in depolymerization of cellulose accompanied by a decrease in ISO brightness, no detrimental effects of Nd:YAG laser treatments were observed.
PY - 2000
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(00)00149-7
SN - 1296-2074
SN - 1778-3674
VL - 1
IS - sup.1
SP - 221
EP - 224
PB - Elsevier
CY - Paris
AN - OPUS4-5979
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Bär, Sylke
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Rosenthal, Martina
A1 - Bloodworth, T.
A1 - Lewis, A.
A1 - Guelle, D.
ED - Harmon, R. S.
T1 - Optimizing detector trials for humanitarian demining
T2 - Conference 2004
CY - Orlando, FL, USA
DA - 2004-04-12
KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche
KW - Feldtests
KW - Modulares Modell
KW - Metalldetektor
PY - 2004
SN - 0-8194-5338-2
DO - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541124
SN - 1605-7422
N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.
N1 - Serientitel: SPIE proceedings series – Series title: SPIE proceedings series
IS - 5415
SP - 1323
EP - 1334
PB - SPIE
CY - Bellingham, Wash.
AN - OPUS4-6045
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Rosenthal, Martina
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
A1 - Lewis, A.
A1 - Bloodworth, T.
A1 - Wilrich, Peter-Th.
A1 - Guelle, D.
T1 - ITEP project 2.1.1.2 - Final report - Reliability model for test and evaluation of metal detectors
N2 - Metal detectors used in demining have been tested within the frame of the International Test and
Evaluation Programme project ITEP 2.1.1.2. Detection reliability tests were performed in accordance
with the CEN workshop agreement describing specifications for test and evaluation (CWA 14747:2003). Results of these tests are aimed to verify and should help to optimise the proposed testing
procedures.
KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche
KW - Feldtests
KW - Modulares Modell
KW - Metalldetektor
PY - 2004
UR - http://www.itep.ws/pdf/Itep_no2.1.1.2_reliability_model.pdf
N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.
SP - 1
EP - 51
PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-6049
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Rosenthal, Martina
A1 - Bär, Sylke
A1 - Lewis, A.
A1 - Bloodworth, T.
A1 - Guelle, D.
A1 - Wilrich, Peter-Th.
T1 - ITEP-Test Trials for Detection Reliability Assessment of Metal Detectors
N2 - The total reliability of a mine searching system is driven by the triple of intrinsic
capability, which describes the physical-technical basis capability, the application and
environmental factors and the human factors. Some of them can be determined in
laboratory measurements but the human factor and a part of environment conditions
and their interaction with the device need to be treated statistically. That is why the
test & evaluation procedure described in CEN CWA 14747:2003, includes in addition
to parameter tests of metal detectors also the reliability or blind field tests under local
conditions with local personnel. A series of three big field trials had been
accomplished in the ITEP-project 2.1.1.2 Reliability Model for Test & Evaluation of
Metal Detectors to specify the optimum conditions for reliable trial results with
affordable effort. For each set of specific working conditions, characterized in terms
of a combination of one mine type in one soil with one detector handled by local
personnel, the searching system will show up a working performance in mine
detection rates as a function of mine depth and show up a certain overall false call
rate. During the ITEP-trials in Benkovac and Oberjettenberg the authors learnt to
determine this function separately for each mine type in each soil, which is especially
important for low metal mines in uncooperative soil which will be illustrated for the
mine PMA2 in different types of soil. The question of representativeness for field
conditions on the one hand and necessary statistical set up for the possibility to
distinguish between individual detector performances is still under discussion.
KW - Zuverlässigkeit der Minensuche
KW - Feldtests
KW - Modulares Modell
KW - Metalldetektor
PY - 2005
UR - http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/8.2/rd/mueller.htm
SN - 1533-9440
SN - 1533-6905
N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.
IS - 8.2
SP - 86
EP - 90
CY - Harrisonburg
AN - OPUS4-6041
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller-Hess, D.
A1 - Troschke, K.K.
A1 - Kolar, J.
A1 - Strlic, M.
A1 - Kautek, Wolfgang
A1 - Pentzien, Simone
T1 - Laserreinigung von Papier - Zwischenbericht des Eurocare-Projektes 1681 LACLEPA
PY - 2001
SN - 0933-4017
IS - 8
SP - 604
EP - 610
PB - Callwey
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-6282
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Güttler, B.
A1 - Schiel, D.
A1 - Danzebrink, H.
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Gross, Thomas
A1 - Lippitz, Andreas
A1 - Müller, J.-P.
T1 - Physical and Chemical Characterization of Thermal and Native Siliconoxide layers on Silicon
T2 - Symposium "Reference Materials for Technologies in the New Millenium"
CY - Berlin, BAM, Germany
DA - 2000-05-22
PY - 2000
SP - 1(?)
EP - 7(?)
AN - OPUS4-6924
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Rosenthal, Martina
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Guelle, D.
A1 - Lewis, A.
A1 - Sieber, A.
T1 - Proposals for Performance Demonstration and Modular Reliability Assessment for Humanitarian Demining
N2 - For safe and reliable demining it is necessary to determine the actual true performance of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. The subject to detect a hidden subject by penetrating physical interaction with the target is similar to that of non-destructive testing where it is looked for hidden cracks etc. in material via waves and rays. The non destructive testing profession is now about 100 years old and developed some procedures to check reliability of testing. Those principles like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false calls rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are analysed. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CEN BT 126
CWA07 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. A number of blind trials were accomplished within an ITEP project to learn about the necessary statistical layout of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance to selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in these investigations was on the influence of the human factor due to the degree of experience of the operators and the infulence of uncooperative soil. The correlation of the results of the physical parameter measurement and the statistical results is analysed in a first attempt.
T2 - EUDEM2-SCOT conference on requirements and technologies for the detection, removal and neutralization of landmines and UXO
CY - Brussels, Belgium
DA - 2003-09-15
PY - 2003
UR - http://www.itep.ws/pdf/Mueller_Eudem2003_1.pdf
N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.
VL - 1
SP - 233
EP - 241
AN - OPUS4-2785
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Rosenthal, Martina
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Guelle, D.
A1 - Lewis, A.
A1 - Sieber, A.
T1 - Performance Demonstration for Humanitarian Demining
N2 - Because the demining process is always connected with a danger for human beings, it is necessary to make sure the proper functioning of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. Detecting a hidden target by penetrating physical interaction of rays or waves is similar to non-destructive testing. The non-destructive testing profession developed procedures to check the reliability of testing. These procedures, like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false call rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are used as a template. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CWA 14747: 2003 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. Within an ITEP project a number of blind trials were carried out to learn about the necessary statistical basis of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance for the selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in this first investigation was on the influence of the human factor due to the different degree of experience of the operators and the influence of the soil.
PY - 2003
DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2003-0004
SN - 0025-5300
N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.
VL - 45
IS - 11-12
SP - 504
EP - 512
PB - Carl Hanser Verlag
CY - München
AN - OPUS4-2786
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Osterloh, Kurt
A1 - Rosenthal, Martina
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
A1 - Guelle, D.
A1 - Lewis, A.
T1 - Metal Detector Test Trials in Germany and Croatia - ITEP Project 2.1.1.2
T2 - MATEST 2003 NDT Achievements and Challenges
CY - Brijuni-Pula, Croatia
DA - 2003-09-28
KW - Demining
KW - Metal detectors
KW - Reliability tests
KW - ROC diagrams
KW - Test and evaluation
KW - CWA07
PY - 2003
N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.
SP - 1(?)
EP - 15(?)
AN - OPUS4-2784
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Tscharntke, D.
A1 - Boehm, Rainer
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
A1 - Rydén, H.
T1 - Ultrasonic Investigations on Copper Canister Welds in Preparation for the Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel in a Deep Repository
T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 2006-09-25
KW - Ultrasonic measurement and modelling
KW - Copper canister weld
KW - Spent nuclear fuel
KW - Encapsulation
KW - Deep repository
PY - 2006
SN - 3-931381-86-2
SP - 1(?)
EP - 7(?)
PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-14056
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Osterloh, Kurt
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Noske, Reinhard
A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G.
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
T1 - Threat Detection Technologies Covering an Extended Range of Eventualities
T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 2006-09-25
KW - Hazardous and toxic gasses and vapours
KW - Warfare substances
KW - Threats other than explosives
KW - Multi-gas sensor
KW - Detection technology
PY - 2006
SN - 3-931381-86-2
SP - 1(?)
EP - 11(?)
PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-14472
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Osterloh, Kurt
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Noske, Reinhard
A1 - Böcker, Wolfgang D. G.
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
T1 - Materialprüfung und Erkennung von Gefahren für die öffentliche Sicherheit
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2007
CY - Fürth, Deutschland
DA - 2007-05-14
KW - Gefahrstoffe
KW - Sicherheit
KW - Kontrollen
KW - Gefahrstoffnachweis
KW - EFNDT Arbeitsgruppe 5
PY - 2007
SN - 978-3-931381-98-1
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - DGZfP
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-16074
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Urs
A1 - von Weschpfennig, D.
A1 - Malaga, Katarina
T1 - Anti-Graffiti-Systeme auf Mauerwerk im Bereich der Bundesfernstraßen
N2 - Ingenieurbauten des Bundesfernstraßenbereichs sind aufgrund ihrer Exposition an vielen Stellen besonders betroffen von Graffiti. Graffitischmierer nehmen hierbei keine Rücksicht auf die Art der Substratmaterialien, und besonders poröse Untergründe bereiten Schwierigkeiten bei der Reinigung. Um Baustoffoberflächen besser zu schützen und von Graffiti leichter reinigen zu können, wurden in den vergangen Jahren spezielle Prophylaxesysteme (Anti-Graffiti-Systeme, AGS) entwickelten. Für die Beurteilung der Funktionalität und Verwendbarkeit dieser Anti-Graffiti-Systeme wurden von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) eine neue Technische Prüfvorschrift und Technische Lieferbedingungen (TP/TL AGS-Beton) erarbeitet. Die TP/TL AGS-Beton gilt hierbei nur für die Beurteilung von AGS auf Betonuntergründen. In einer Forschungsstudie wurde untersucht, inwieweit die vorhandene Prüfvorschrift für Betonsubstrate auch auf andere Untergründe, z. B. Naturstein oder Klinker, angewendet werden kann. Weiterhin wurde untersucht, welche Faktoren eine Rolle bei der Reinigung von mit AGS behandelten verschiedenen Substraten spielen.
KW - Anti-Graffiti-System
KW - Mauerwerk
KW - Beton
KW - Reinigungseigenschaft
KW - Graffiti
KW - Bundesfernstraßenbereich
KW - Bauwerkserhaltung/Sanierung
KW - Mauerwerksbau
KW - Anti-graffiti system
KW - Masonry
KW - Concrete
KW - Cleaning efficacy
KW - Maintenance and Repair
KW - Masonry construction
KW - Federal Motorway System
PY - 2011
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.201101479
SN - 0932-8351
SN - 1437-0999
SN - 0005-6820
SN - 0341-1052
SN - 0932-6359
VL - 88
IS - 7
SP - 443
EP - 450
PB - Ernst & Sohn
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-24369
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Zickler, S.
A1 - Fahlbruch, B.
A1 - Spokoiny, V.
A1 - Schombach, D.
A1 - Just, Tilman
A1 - Cramer, H.-J.
T1 - Untersuchungen zum Einfluss menschlicher Faktoren auf das Ergebnis von zerstörungsfreien Prüfungen, Möglichkeiten zur Minimierung dieses Einflusses und Bewertung der Prüfergebnisse
KW - Menschliche Faktoren
KW - ZfP
KW - Manuelle Ultraschallprüfung
KW - WkP
KW - KKW
PY - 2009
IS - BfS-Projekt SR 2514 / Endbericht
SP - 1
EP - 79
CY - Salzgitter
AN - OPUS4-26081
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
A1 - Fahlbruch, B.
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Pitkänen, J.
A1 - Ronneteg, U.
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Kanzler, Daniel
A1 - Ewert, Uwe
A1 - Schombach, D.
T1 - Human factors approach to the acquisition and evaluation of NDT data
N2 - This paper gives an introduction to the field of human factors with the focus on their influence on the reliability of NDT in the nuclear energy production (in-service inspections) and final storage of highly radioactive nuclear waste. A set of methodological tools has been developed in the scope of three projects, namely: 1) a theoretical model describing potential human factors influencing manual ultrasonic inspection performance during inservice inspections in nuclear power plants; 2) a method for identifying potential human errors during acquisition and evaluation of data gathered with mechanized ultrasonic, radiographic and eddy-current systems, as well as visual testing with a remote camera (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMEA); and 3) use of eye tracking methodology to optimize existing procedures and practices. The experimental results have shown that time pressure, mental workload and experience influence the quality of the inspection performance. Noticeable were influences from the organization of the working schedule, communication, procedures, supervision and demonstration task. Implementing human redundancy in critical tasks, such as defect identification, as well as using an automated aid (software) to help operators in decision making about the existence and size of defects, could lead to other kinds of problems, namely social loafing (excerpting less effort when working on tasks collectively as compared to working alone) and automation bias (uncritical reliance on the proper function of an automated system without recognizing its limitations and the possibilities of automation failure) that might affect the reliability of NDT in an undesired manner.
T2 - 18th WCNDT - World conference on nondestructive testing
CY - Durban, South Africa
DA - 16.04.2012
KW - Human Factors
KW - Time Pressure
KW - 4-Eye Principle
KW - Automation Bias
KW - Nuclear Waste Storage
KW - In-Service Inspection (ISI)
KW - Nuclear Power Plants
KW - Eye Tracking
KW - Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
PY - 2012
SN - 978-0-620-52872-6
SP - 1
EP - 10 (Paper 198)
AN - OPUS4-27583
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Rosenthal, Martina
A1 - Konchina, V.
A1 - Markucic, D.
A1 - Piscenec, Z.
T1 - General principles of reliability assessment of NDE systems and its applicability to the mine detection practice
N2 - The reliability investigations are dedicated to throw light on the performance of the NDE system with respect to the required aim. This is especially of interest when it is looked for life damaging objects in the case of mine seeking and when it is even more difficult to distinguish between the different suppliers of methods concerning their actual capability.
In accordance with the conception of EFNDT WG5 and CEN BT 126 CW 07 the authors have the aim to transfer the knowledge in reliability measurement of NDE systems to the reliability measurement of mine detection systems. For this the three basic ways to investigate the reliability of NDE signals will be described. The first way of investigation, the performance demonstration, is preferred e.g. in the US American nuclear power industry. This is an integral consideration of the non destructive test as a system where the whole NDE system is packed in a black box and only the input in terms of the real existing flaws in the component is considered and compared to the output in terms of the indications of the human inspector or of the automated system. The second - the European tradition relies on a standardized description of physical/technical parameters of the NDE system which are preconditions for successful system performance. The third approach - the modular conception - is a marriage of both: The signal chain is cut into main modules.
Each module is assessed in a most appropriate individual way e.g. via modeling calculations. The single results are joint together according to the reliability theory of systems where the reliability of the total system is composed of the reliability of the subsystems. Separating criteria for the system were proposed through a reliability formula developed during a series of European-American workshops on NDE reliability. A further essential parameter especially for demining systems are the repeatability and reproducibility. Their affect on the reliability and its scatter will be investigated. Examples for the ROC/POD approach in terms of the investigation of the reliability of ultrasonic manual testing and for first attempts for the reliability investigation of demining data will be presented.
It will be strongly recommended to apply the ROC/POD and Modular Conceptions to the assessment and optimization of mine seeking systems.
T2 - 8th ECNDT
CY - Barcelona, Spain
DA - 2002-06-17
PY - 2002
UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt02/397/397.htm
N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.
PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing
CY - Barcelona
AN - OPUS4-2015
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Rosenthal, Martina
A1 - Wilrich, Peter-Th.
A1 - Konchina, V.
A1 - Markucic, D.
A1 - Piscenec, Z.
T1 - Proposals for Performance Demonstration and Modular Validation
T2 - NDRF Summer Conference 2002
CY - Rosersberg, Sweden
DA - 2002-08-28
PY - 2002
N1 - Geburtsname von Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M. - Birth name of Rosenthal, Martina: Scharmach, M.
SP - 1(?)
EP - 10(?)
AN - OPUS4-2017
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. F.
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
A1 - Nayeri, C. N.
A1 - Paschereit, C. O.
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
T1 - Dynamic Stall Under Combined Pitching and Surging
N2 - Dynamic stall often occurs under conditions of simultaneous unsteady pitching and surging (e.g., rotorcraft and wind turbines), butmanymodels employ a dimensionless time base that implicitly assumes that surging is superimposed, in a quasi-steady manner, on dynamic pitching. An unsteady wind tunnel was used to examine this assumption, where a technique was developed to quantify the unsteady effects of surging on a pitching NACA 0018 airfoil. The technique involved performing multiple harmonic pitching experiments under nominally steady freestream conditions that bracketed a corresponding 50% surging amplitude (1.25 ⋅ 105 ≤ Re ≤ 3.75 ⋅ 105). By interpolating these data, unsteady-pitching/quasi-steady-surging data sets were constructed and compared with de facto synchronous pitch and surging experiments, thereby isolating the unsteady effects of surging on a pitching airfoil. Both large and small poststall maximum angles of attack (αs + 5° and αs + 15°) were considered at multiple pitch-surge phase differences. During deep dynamic stall (αs � 15°), with large-scale separation, surging was seen to have a secondary effect on the unsteady aerodynamics. However, at small poststall maximum angles of attack (αs + 5°), either light or deep dynamic stall behavior was observed depending upon the pitch-surge phase difference. This was attributed to Reynolds number history effects, exemplified by boundary-layer transition, and thus it can be referred to as “transitional” dynamic stall.
KW - Dynamic stall
KW - Angle of attack oscillations
KW - Free stream velocity osciallations
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J059153
VL - 58
IS - 12
SP - 5134
EP - 5145
PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
AN - OPUS4-51037
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Weh, Lothar
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Moseler, D.
A1 - Heide, G.
A1 - Frischat, G.
T1 - Topographische Untersuchungen von Glasoberflächen mit Vickers-Eindrücken
T2 - 74. Glastechnische Tagung
CY - Ulm, Deutschland
DA - 2000-05-29
PY - 2000
SP - 237
EP - 240
PB - DGG, Dt. Glastechn. Ges.
CY - Frankfurt/M.
AN - OPUS4-934
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Prado, M. O.
A1 - Zanotto, E. D.
T1 - Model for sintering polydispersed glass particles
N2 - We propose a model to describe the sintering kinetics of polydispersed glass particles, having no adjustable parameter. The model is based on three sintering stages: a pure Frenkel' (F) first step, a mixed Frenkel/MackenzieShuttleworth' stage, and a third, pure MackenzieShuttleworth' (MS) step. The model considers sample shrinkage as the sum of the partial shrinkage of several clusters, each consisting of equally sized particles and each showing independent F or MS behavior. The overall set of clusters mimics the specimen's real particle size distribution. We then introduce the concept of neck forming ability, which allows the formation of necks among particles of different sizes, relaxing the clustering condition. Using experimental physical parameters: particle size distribution, viscosity, surface energy, and the theoretical neck forming ability, the model describes well the sintering kinetics of an alumino-borosilicate glass powder having polydispersed, irregular shaped particles in a variety of temperatures. The sintering kinetics of the real powder is slower, but not far from the calculated kinetics of a monodispersed distribution containing only particles of average size. Thus the model provides a tool for estimating the sintering kinetics of real glass powders, for any size distribution and temperature, thus minimizing the number of laboratory experiments.
PY - 2001
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00399-9
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 279
IS - 2-3
SP - 169
EP - 178
PB - North-Holland Publ. Co.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-935
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph
A1 - Müller-Vahl, H.
A1 - Nayeri, C. N.
A1 - Paschereit, C. O.
A1 - Greenblatt, D.
T1 - Airfoil in a high amplitude oscillating stream
N2 - A combined theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating theoretical predictions relating to a two-dimensional airfoil subjected to high amplitude harmonic oscillation of the free stream at constant angle of attack. Current theoretical approaches were reviewed and extended for the purposes of quantifying the bound, unsteady vortex sheet strength along the airfoil chord. This resulted in a closed form solution that is valid for arbitrary reduced frequencies and amplitudes. In the experiments, the bound, unsteady vortex strength of a symmetric 18 % thick airfoil at low angles of attack was measured in a dedicated unsteady wind tunnel at maximum reduced frequencies of 0.1 and at velocity oscillations less than or equal to 50 %. With the boundary layer tripped near the leading edge and mid-chord, the phase and amplitude variations of the lift coefficient corresponded reasonably well with the theory. Near the maximum lift coefficient overshoot, the data exhibited an additional high-frequency oscillation. Comparisons of the measured and predicted vortex sheet indicated the existence of a recirculation bubble upstream of the trailing edge which sheds into the wake and modifies the Kutta condition.
Without boundary layer tripping, a mid-chord bubble is present that strengthens during flow deceleration and its shedding produces a dramatically different effect.
Instead of a lift coefficient overshoot, as per the theory, the data exhibit a significant undershoot. This undershoot is also accompanied by high-frequency oscillations that are characterized by the bubble shedding. In summary, the location of bubble and ist subsequent shedding play decisive roles in the resulting temporal aerodynamic loads.
KW - vortex shedding
KW - aerodynamics
KW - general fluid mechanics
PY - 2016
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.126
SN - 0022-1120
VL - 2016
IS - 793
SP - 79
EP - 108
AN - OPUS4-35594
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Maike
A1 - Gornushkin, Igor B.
A1 - Florek, S.
A1 - Mory, D.
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
T1 - Approach to Detection in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
N2 - Gated detection with intensified detectors, e.g., ICCDs, is today the accepted approach for detection of plasma emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). However, these systems are more cost-intensive and less robust than nonintensified CCDs. The objective of this paper is to compare, both theoretically and experimentally, the performance of an intensified (ICCD) and nonintensified (CCD) detectors for detection of plasma emission in LIBS. The CCD is used in combination with a mechanical chopper, which blocks the early continuum radiation from the plasma. The detectors are attached sequentially to an echelle spectrometer under the same experimental conditions. The laser plasma is induced on a series of steel samples under atmospheric conditions. Our results indicate that there is no substantial difference in the performance of the CCD and ICCD. Signal-to-noise ratios and limits of detection achieved with the CCD for Si, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, and V in steel are comparable or even better than those obtained with the ICCD. This result is further confirmed by simulation of the plasma emission signal and the corresponding response of the detectors in the limit of quantum (photon) noise.
KW - LIBS
KW - Detektorvergleich
KW - ICCD CCD
PY - 2007
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0621470
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
VL - 79
IS - 12
SP - 4419
EP - 4426
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington, DC
AN - OPUS4-15044
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert
A1 - Müller, L.
A1 - Traub, Heike
A1 - Esteban-Fernández, D.
A1 - Panne, Ulrich
A1 - Herrmann, Antje
A1 - Schellenberger, E.
A1 - Theuring, F.
A1 - Kneipp, Janina
T1 - Imaging by laser ablation ICP-MS
N2 - ICP-MS is a well-established analytical method which excels by high accuracy, high dynamic range and extremely low limits of detection for most metals. Furthermore ICP-MS offers a very high multi-element coverage so that many elements of the periodic table can be detected simultaneously. In this series of lectures, we want to focus on the historical developments, fundamentals, instrumentation and novel applications of ICP-MS in the life and material sciences.
T2 - Ringvorlesung Analytik
CY - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
DA - 23.06.2017
KW - Laser ablation ICP-MS
KW - Bio-Imaging
PY - 2017
AN - OPUS4-40757
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jaeger, Carsten
A1 - Ritter, D.
A1 - Goeritzer, M.
A1 - Thiele, A.
A1 - Blumrich, A.
A1 - Beyhoff, N.
A1 - Luettges, K.
A1 - Smeir, E.
A1 - Kasch, J.
A1 - Grune, J.
A1 - Müller, O.
A1 - Klopfleisch, R.
A1 - Foryst-Ludwig, A.
A1 - Kintscher, U.
T1 - Liver X Receptor Agonist AZ876 Induces Beneficial Endogenous Cardiac Lipid Reprogramming and Protects Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Damage
N2 - Background - It is known that dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may improve cardiac function. However, relatively high daily doses are required to achieve sufficient cardiac concentrations of beneficial omega‐3 fatty acids. The liver X receptor (LXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor and a crucial regulator of lipid homeostasis in mammals. LXR activation has been shown to endogenously reprogram cellular lipid profiles toward increased polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Here we studied whether LXR lipid reprogramming occurs in cardiac tissue and exerts cardioprotective actions.
Methods and Results - Male 129SV mice were treated with the LXR agonist AZ876 (20 µmol/kg per day) for 11 days. From day 6, the mice were injected with the nonselective β‐agonist isoproterenol for 4 consecutive days to induce diastolic dysfunction and subendocardial fibrosis while maintaining systolic function. Treatment with isoproterenol led to a marked impairment of global longitudinal strain and the E/e' ratio of transmitral flow to mitral annular velocity, which were both significantly improved by the LXR agonist. Histological examination showed a significant reduction in isoproterenol‐induced subendocardial fibrosis by AZ876. Analysis of the cardiac lipid composition by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry revealed a significant increase in cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels and a significant reduction in saturated fatty acids by AZ876.
Conclusions - The present study provides evidence that the LXR agonist AZ876 prevents subendocardial damage, improves global longitudinal strain and E/e' in a mouse model of isoproterenol‐induced cardiac damage, accompanied by an upregulation of cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acids levels. Cardiac LXR activation and beneficial endogenous cardiac lipid reprogramming may provide a new therapeutic strategy in cardiac disease with diastolic dysfunction.
KW - Heart failure
KW - Lipids
KW - Liver X receptor
KW - Diastolic dysfunction
KW - Nuclear receptor
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-529352
DO - https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019473
VL - 10
IS - 14
SP - e019473
AN - OPUS4-52935
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Emissions- und Geruchsuntersuchungen an Bauprodukten - Ergebnisse eines UFO-Planprojektes
T2 - 8th Workshop "Odour and Emissions of Plastic Materials"
CY - Kassel, Germany
DA - 2006-03-27
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - RAL UZ
PY - 2006
SP - 13-1- 13-7
CY - Kassel
AN - OPUS4-12259
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kasche, J.
A1 - Dahms, A.
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
T1 - Sensory evaluation of building products - Results of a German round robin test
T2 - VDI-Tagung
CY - Bad Kissingen, Deutschland
DA - 2007-11-13
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - AbBB-Schema
KW - Kammermessungen
KW - Blauer Engel
PY - 2007
SN - 978-3-18-091995-9
SN - 0083-5560
IS - 1995
SP - 193
EP - 202
PB - VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-16322
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Horn, Wolfgang
A1 - Kasche, Johannes
A1 - Jann, Oliver
A1 - Müller, D.
A1 - Plehn, W.
T1 - Geruchsintensität und Emissionen von Bauprodukten - Vorstellung des Verfahrens und Laborvergleich
KW - Bauprodukte
KW - Emissionen
KW - Geruch
KW - AbBB-Schema
KW - Kammermessungen
KW - Laborvergleich
PY - 2007
SN - 0949-8036
SN - 0039-0771
SN - 1436-4891
VL - 67
IS - 3
SP - 71
EP - 75
PB - Springer-VDI-Verl.
CY - Düsseldorf
AN - OPUS4-14790
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Agea Blanco, Boris
A1 - Blaess, C.
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Brauer, D.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
T1 - Sintering and foaming of barium and calcium silicate glass powders
N2 - Sintering and foaming of barium and calcium silicate glass powder compacts have been studied for different powder milling. Sintering was measured by means of heating microscopy backed up by XRD, DTA, Vacuum Hot Extraction (VHE) and electron microscopy. Foaming intensity strongly increased with decreasing glass partiefe size. Although powder compacts were uniaxially pressed and sintered in ambient air, foaming was affected by the milling atmosphere and most intensive for milfing in C02. Conformingly, VHE studies revealed that foaming of fully sintered samples was mainly driven by C02, even for powders milled in technical air, Ar and N2. Prolonged storage of air milled barium silicate glass powders in ambient air before pressing and sintering caused further increase of foaming intensity. These findings indicate that carbonaceous species are preferentially trapped to or close beneath the powder surface during milling and later storage. The temperature range of C02 degassing from fully sintered barium and calcium silicate g/ass powder compacts fits the temperature ranges of decomposition of BaC03 and CaC03 mix-milled with the respective barium and calcium silicate glass powders.
T2 - IMAPS/ACerS 11th International CICMT conference and exhibition
CY - Dresden, Germany
DA - 20.04.2015
KW - Sintering
KW - Foaming
KW - Silicate glass powders
KW - Barium and calcium silicate plass powders
KW - Degassing
PY - 2015
SN - 978-1510804562
SP - 31
EP - 37
AN - OPUS4-35250
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Hsuan, Y.G.
A1 - Schröder, Hartmut
A1 - Rowe, K.
A1 - Müller, Werner
A1 - Greenwood, J.
A1 - Cazzuffi, D.
A1 - Koerner, R.M.
ED - Neil Dixon,
T1 - Long-term performance and lifetime prediction of geosynthetics
N2 - To properly understand and assess the long-term behaviour of geosynthetic materials it is necessary to investigate the various types of possible degradation mechanims. This includes both chemical and mechanical behaviour, and sometimes even their interactions with one another. Clearly, chemical degradation of geosynthetics depends on the polymer type. For example, polyolefins are vulnerable to oxidation; polyesters are susceptible to hydrolysis; and plasticizers can leach from polyvinyl chloride. This paper describes the concept of these three types of degradation, but focuses on the oxidation of polyolefins since the majority of the geosynthetics is made from this type of polymer. The methods used to predict the lifetime of antioxidants and service life of the geosynthetic material will be illustrated. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, pressure, and ultraviolet light on the service life are also demonstrated. Finally, the current specifications targeting the longevity of different geosynthetics are presented.
Regarding mechanical degradation, the paper mainly focuses upon the creep deformation of geogrids and stress crack resistance (SCR) of polyethylene geomembranes and geopipe. The method to assess stress crack resistance is described, and the microscopic mechanisms that lead to such failure are explained. For creep evaluation, different acceleration tests are presented and their applicability with respect to the different types of polymers is illustrated. In addition, the long-term shear behaviour of geocomposites and geosynthetic clay liners is presented.
T2 - 4th European Geosynthetics Conference - EuroGeo4
CY - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
DA - 2008-09-07
KW - Geosynthetic
KW - Durability
KW - Degradation
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Weathering
PY - 2008
SP - 1
EP - 41
AN - OPUS4-17975
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Nascimento, M.L.F.
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Zanotto, E. D.
T1 - Crystal growth kinetics in cordierite and diopside glasses in wide temperature ranges
N2 - We measured and collected literature data for the crystal growth rate, u(T), of µ-cordierite (2MgO · 2Al2O3 · 5SiO2) and diopside (CaO · MgO · 2SiO2) in their isochemical glass forming melts. The data cover exceptionally wide temperature ranges, i.e. 8001350 °C for cordierite and 7501378 °C for diopside. The maximum of u(T) occurs at about 1250 °C for both systems. A smooth shoulder is observed around 970 °C for µ-cordierite. Based on measured and collected viscosity data, we fitted u(T) using standard crystal growth models. For diopside, the experimental u(T) fits well to the 2D surface nucleation model and also to the screw dislocation growth mechanism. However, the screw dislocation model yields parameters of more significant physical meaning. For cordierite, these two models also describe the experimental growth rates. However, the best fittings of u(T) including the observed shoulder, were attained for a combined mechanism, assuming that the melt/crystal interface growing from screw dislocations is additionally roughened by superimposed 2D surface nucleation at large undercoolings, starting at a temperature around the shoulder. The good fittings indicate that viscosity can be used to assess the transport mechanism that determines crystal growth in these two systems, from the melting point Tm down to about Tg, with no sign of a breakdown of the StokesEinstein/Eyring equation.
KW - Crystal growth
KW - Oxide glasses
KW - Silicates
KW - Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit
KW - Kinetik
KW - Silikatgläser
PY - 2008
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.09.007
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 354
IS - 52-54
SP - 5386
EP - 5394
PB - North-Holland Publ. Co.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-18383
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Altantsog, Pagvajav
A1 - Ojunbileg, L.
A1 - Tserenshimed, M.
A1 - Chadraabal, Shgdariin
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Nofz, Marianne
A1 - Gaber, Martin
A1 - Batdemberel, G.
A1 - Sangaa, D.
T1 - Some experimental results of glass melting by using sands from Buir nuur
PY - 2002
VL - 1
SP - 103
EP - 118
AN - OPUS4-3113
LA - mon
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Reinsch, Stefan
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Nascimento, M.L.F.
A1 - Zanotto, E. D.
T1 - Crystal Growth Mechanism in Cordierite and Diopside Glasses in Wide Temperature Ranges
T2 - XX. International Congress on Glass
CY - Kyoto, Japan
DA - 2004-09-26
KW - Cordierite
KW - Diopside
KW - Glass
KW - Crystal growth
PY - 2004
SP - 6 pages
PB - Ceramic Society of Japan
CY - Tokio
AN - OPUS4-4389
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Denißen, M.
A1 - Hannen, R.
A1 - Itskalov, D.
A1 - Biesen, L.
A1 - Nirmalananthan-Budau, Nithiya
A1 - Hoffmann, Katrin
A1 - Reiss, G. J.
A1 - Resch-Genger, Ute
A1 - Müller, T. J. J.
T1 - One-pot synthesis of a white-light emissive bichromophore operated by aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) and partial energy transfer
N2 - Merocyanine–triarylamine bichromophores are readily synthesized by sequentially Pd-catalyzed insertion alkynylation–Michael–Suzuki four-component reactions. White-light emissive systems form upon aggregation in 1 : 99 and 0.1 : 99.9 vol% CH2Cl2–cyclohexane mixtures, ascribed to aggregation-induced dual emission (AIDE) in combination with partial energy transfer between both chromophore units as supported by spectroscopic studies.
KW - Energy transfer
KW - Nano
KW - Nanoparticle
KW - Photoluminescence
KW - Fluorescence
KW - Quantum yield
KW - Photophysics
KW - Lifetime
KW - Sensor
KW - Dye
KW - Enhancement
KW - Particle
KW - Polarity
KW - AIE
KW - Aggregation
KW - Aggregation-induced emission
KW - Solid state emission
KW - Merocyanine
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03451g
VL - 56
IS - 54
SP - 7407
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
AN - OPUS4-50936
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Soares, A.P.
A1 - Baum, D.
A1 - Hesse, B.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Zaslansky, P.
T1 - Scattering and phase-contrast X-ray methods reveal damage to glass fibers in endodontic posts following dental bur trimming
N2 - Objectives. There is concern that the integrity of fiberglass dental posts may be affected by chairside trimming during treatment. We hypothesize that hard X-ray methods of phase contrast-enhanced micro-CT (PCE-CT) and synchrotron based X-ray refraction (SXRR) can reliably identify and help characterize the extent of damage.
Methods. Fiberglass posts were imaged both as manufactured and following trimming with a diamond bur. Each of the posts was imaged by SXRR and by PCE-CT. Datasets from PCE-CT were used to visualize and quantify 2D and 3D morphological characteristics of intact and of damage-affected regions caused by trimming. Results. The SXRR images revealed fiber inhomogeneities from manufacturing with a significant increase in internal surfaces in sample regions corresponding to damage from trimming. PCE-CT volumes unveiled the micromorphology of single fibers in the posts and some damage in the trimmed area (e.g. fractures, splinters and cracks). Area, perimeter, circularity, roundness, volume and thickness of the glass fibers in the trimmed area were statistically different from the control (p < 0.01).
Significance. The integrity of single fibers in the post is critical for bending resistance and for long-term adhesion to the cement in the root canals. Damage to the fibers causes substantial structural weakening across the post diameter. Glass fragments produced due to contact with the dental bur may separate from the post and may significantly reduce bond capacity. The above mentioned synchrotron-based imaging techniques can further facilitate assessment of the structural integrity and the appearance of defects in posts (e.g. after mechanical load).
KW - Fiberglass composite
KW - Fiber reinforced dental post
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Phase contrast-enhanced micro-CT
KW - Non-destructive testing
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.018
SN - 0109-5641
VL - 37
IS - 2
SP - 201
EP - 211
PB - Elsevier Inc.
AN - OPUS4-52071
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Soares, A.P.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Baum, D.
A1 - Hesse, B.
A1 - Zaslansky, P.
T1 - Untersuchung der Integrität von glasfaserverstärkten Zahnstiften mittels Synchrotron-Röntgenrefraktion
N2 - Die Integrität der Verstärkungsfasern in Komposit-Zahnstiften ist entscheidend für die Biegefestigkeit und die langfristige Haftung am Zement in den Wurzelkanälen. Es wurde vermutet, dass die Integrität von glasfaserverstärkten Zahnstiften durch das Beschleifen während der zahnmedizinischen Behandlung beeinträchtigt wird. Eine Beschädigung der Fasern führt zu einer erheblichen strukturellen Schwächung über den gesamten Stiftdurchmesser. Glasfragmente, die durch den Kontakt mit dem Zahnbohrer entstehen, können sich vom Stift lösen und die Haftfähigkeit erheblich verringern. Mit Hilfe hochauflösender Synchrotron-Röntgen-Refraktions-Radiographie (SXRR) konnte das Ausmaß der Schäden zuverlässig identifiziert und charakterisiert werden.
Dazu wurden die Glasfaserstifte sowohl im Herstellungszustand als auch nach der Bearbeitung mit einem Diamantbohrer untersucht. Die Datensätze wurden zur Visualisierung und Quantifizierung der morphologischen Charakteristika intakter und durch das Beschleifen beschädigter Regionen analysiert. Sie zeigen Schäden im bearbeiteten Bereich (z. B. Brüche, Splitter und Risse) sowie herstellungsbedingte Inhomogenitäten der Fasern mit einer signifikanten Zunahme der inneren Oberflächen in Probenregionen, die durch das Beschleifen beschädigt wurden.
T2 - DGZfP Jahrestagung 2022
CY - Kassel, Germany
DA - 23.05.2022
KW - Röntgen-Refraktion
KW - Verbundwerkstoffe
KW - Zahnstifte
PY - 2022
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549231
SP - 1
EP - 7
AN - OPUS4-54923
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Müller, S.
A1 - Herzel, Hannes
A1 - Adam, Christian
A1 - Montag, D.
ED - Holm, O.
ED - Thomé-Kozmiensky, E.
ED - Quicker, P.
ED - Kopp-Assenmacher, S.
T1 - Langzeitlagerung von Klärschlammaschen ab 2029? Erste Erfahrungen zur Phosphorrückgewinnung aus deponierten Klärschlammverbrennungsaschen
N2 - Das Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft (ISA) der RWTH Aachen University sowie die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) untersuchen gemeinsam fünf deponierte KSA, die von drei Deponiebetreibern ausgebaut und zur Verfügung gestellt wurden sind. Im Fokus der Untersuchungen stehen die physikalische und chemische Charakterisierung der deponierten KSA sowie deren P-Rückgewinnungspotenzial bei der Behandlung in thermochemischen sowie nasschemischen Verfahren. Diese Ergebnisse werden im Vergleich mit „frischen“, also nicht deponierten KSA-Proben vergleichbarer Herkunft bewertet, um so den Einfluss der Lagerung auf die KSA zu erfassen.
T2 - Berliner Klärschlamm Konferenz
CY - Berlin, Germany
DA - 11.11.2025
KW - Klärschlammasche
KW - Recycling
KW - Deponie
KW - Monoverbrennung
PY - 2025
SN - 978-3-911006-63-7
VL - 8
SP - 192
EP - 202
PB - Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH
CY - Neuruppin
AN - OPUS4-65017
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo
A1 - Silva, R. A.
A1 - Oliveira, D. V.
A1 - Müller, U.
T1 - Static behavior of cob: Experimental testing and finite-element modeling
N2 - The aim of this paper is to implement a numerical model to reproduce the nonlinear behavior of cob walls under shear loading.
Axial compression, pull-off, and diagonal compression tests were carried out to derive the mechanical parameters. In addition, the stressstrain relationships, the nonlinear behavior, and the failure modes were defined. The experimental results were then used to calibrate a finiteelement model. The material behavior was simulated through a macromodeling approach adopting the total strain rotating crack model.
A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effects of varying the parameters with higher uncertainty on the structural behavior.
The numerical model achieved good correspondence with the experimental results in terms of simulation of the shear stress–shear strain relationship and of damage pattern.
KW - Cob
KW - Compression behavior
KW - Shear behavior
KW - Digital image correlation
KW - Finite-element method
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002638
SN - 0899-1561
SN - 1943-5533
VL - 31
IS - 4
SP - 04019021-1
EP - 04019021-13
PB - ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
AN - OPUS4-47316
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cant, D. J. H.
A1 - Minelli, C.
A1 - Sparnacci, K.
A1 - Müller, Anja
A1 - Kalbe, H.
A1 - Stoger-Pollach, M.
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Werner, W. S. M.
A1 - Shard, A. G.
T1 - Surface-Energy Control and Characterization of Nanoparticle Coatings
N2 - Accurate and reproducible measurement of the structure and properties of high-value nanoparticles is extremely important for their commercialization. A significant proportion of engineered nanoparticle systems consist of some form of nominally core-shell structure, whether by design or unintentionally. Often, these do not form an ideal core-shell structure, with typical deviations including polydispersity of the core or shell, uneven or incomplete shells, noncentral cores, and others. Such systems may be created with or without intent, and in either case an understanding of the conditions for formation of such particles is desirable. Precise determination of the structure, composition, size, and shell thickness of such particles can prove challenging without the use of a suitable range of characterization techniques. Here, the authors present two such polymer core-shell nanoparticle systems, consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene cores coated with a range of thicknesses of either polymethylmethacrylate or polystyrene. By consideration of surface energy, it is shown that these particles are expected to possess distinctly differing coating structures, with the polystyrene coating being incomplete. A comprehensive characterization of these systems is demonstrated, using a selection of complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, differential centrifugal sedimentation, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By combining the results provided by these techniques, it is possible to achieve superior characterization and understanding of the particle structure than could be obtained by considering results separately.
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Core-shell
KW - XPS
KW - Size
KW - Thickness
KW - Damage
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02161
VL - 124
IS - 20
SP - 11200
EP - 11211
PB - ACS
CY - Washington DC
AN - OPUS4-50899
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Voss, Heike
A1 - Knigge, Xenia
A1 - Knapic, D.
A1 - Weise, Matthias
A1 - Sahre, Mario
A1 - Hertwig, Andreas
A1 - Sacco, A.
A1 - Rossi, A. M.
A1 - Radnik, Jörg
A1 - Müller, Kai
A1 - Wasmuth, Karsten
A1 - Krüger, Jörg
A1 - Hassel, A. W.
A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
A1 - Bonse, Jörn
T1 - Picosecond laser processing of hierarchical micro–nanostructures on titanium alloy upon pre- and postanodization: morphological, structural, and chemical effects
N2 - Recent publications indicate that the order of electrochemical anodization (before or after the laser processing step) plays an important role for the response of bone-forming osteoblasts—an effect that can be utilized for improving permanent dental or removable bone implants. For exploring these different surface functionalities, multimethod morphological, structural, and chemical characterizations are performed in combination with electrochemical pre- and postanodization for two different characteristic microspikes covered by nanometric laser-induced periodic surface structures on Ti–6Al–4V upon irradiation with near-infrared ps-laser pulses (1030 nm wavelength, ≈1 ps pulse duration, 67 and 80 kHz pulse repetition frequency) at two distinct sets of laser fluence and beam scanning parameters. This work involves morphological and topographical investigations by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy, structural material examinations via X-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, as well as near-surface chemical analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results allow to qualify the mean laser ablation depth, assess the spike geometry and surface roughness parameters, and provide new detailed insights into the near-surface oxidation that may affect the different cell growth behavior for pre- or postanodized medical implants.
T2 - 2023 E-MRS Spring Meeting, Symposium L "Making light matter: lasers in material sciences and photonics"
CY - Strasbourg, France
DA - 29.05.2023
KW - Hierarchical micro-nanostructures
KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS)
KW - Ultrashort laser pulses
KW - Ti-6Al-4V alloy
KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-601962
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202300920
SN - 1862-6319
SP - 1
EP - 11
PB - Wiley-VCH GmbH
CY - Weinheim
AN - OPUS4-60196
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cant, D. J. H.
A1 - Müller, Anja
A1 - Clifford, C. A.
A1 - Unger, Wolfgang
A1 - Shard, A. G.
T1 - Summary of ISO/TC 201 Technical Report 23173—Surface chemical analysis—Electron spectroscopies—Measurement of the thickness and composition of nanoparticle coatings
N2 - ISO Technical Report 23173 describes methods by which electron spectroscopies, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and synchrotron techniques, can be employed to calculate the Coating thicknesses and compositions of nanoparticles. The document has been developed to review and outline the current state-of-the-art for such measurements. Such analyses of core–shell nanoparticles are common within the literature, however the
methods employed are varied; the relative advantages and disadvantages of These methods, and the optimal usage of each may not be clear to the general analyst. ISO Technical Report 23173 aims to clarify the methods that are available, describe them in clear terms, exhibit examples of their use, and highlight potential issues users may face. The information provided should allow analysts of electron spectroscopy data to make clear choices regarding the appropriate analysis of electron spectroscopy data from coated nanoparticle systems and provide a basis for understanding and comparing results from different methods and systems.
KW - Electron spectroscopy
KW - Core-shell
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - ISO 23173
KW - XPS
KW - Thickness
KW - Composition
PY - 2021
DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.6987
SN - 0142-2421
VL - 53
IS - 10
SP - 893
EP - 899
PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd
AN - OPUS4-52976
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Blaeß, Carsten
A1 - Müller, Ralf
A1 - Poologasundarampilai, G.
A1 - Brauer, D. S.
T1 - Sintering and concomitant crystallization of bioactive glasses
N2 - The sintering of bioactive glasses allows for the preparation of complex structures, such as three‐dimensional porous scaffolds. Such 3D constructs are particularly interesting for clinical applications of bioactive glasses in bone regeneration, as the scaffolds can act as a guide for in‐growing bone cells, allowing for good Integration with existing and newly formed tissue while the scaffold slowly degrades. Owing to the pronounced tendency of many bioactive glasses to crystallize upon heat treatment, 3D scaffolds have not been much exploited commercially. Here, we investigate the influence of crystallization on the sintering behavior of several bioactive glasses. In a series of mixed‐alkali glasses an increased CaO/alkali metal oxide Ratio improved sintering compared to Bioglass 45S5, where dense sintering was inhibited.
Addition of small amounts of calcium fluoride helped to keep melting and sintering temperatures low. Unlike glass 13‐93, these new glasses crystallized during sintering but this did not prevent densification. Variation in bioactive glass particle size allowed for fine‐tuning the microporosity resulting from the sintering process.
KW - Bioactive glass
KW - Crystallization
KW - Scaffolds
KW - Sintering
PY - 2019
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-485458
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.13477
SN - 2041-1286
VL - 10
IS - 4
SP - 449
EP - 462
PB - Wiley
AN - OPUS4-48545
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Silvestroni, L.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Ulbricht, Alexander
A1 - Wieder, Frank
A1 - Fritsch, Tobias
A1 - Sciti, D.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Determination of short carbon fiber orientation in zirconium diboride ceramic matrix composites
N2 - In fiber-reinforced components, the fiber alignment and orientation have paramount influence on the thermomechanical properties of the resulting composite, for both short and continuous fiber. Here we present the case of an ultra-refractory matrix intended for extreme environment applications, ZrB2, reinforced with 20 vol% and 50 vol% short carbon fibers. In both cases, fibers tend to align perpendicular to the uniaxial pressure applied during shaping and sintering of a pellet, although the fiber tilt across the pellet thickness is difficult to determine. Moreover, for high volume fractions of reinforcement, the spatial distribution of the fibers is heterogeneous and tends to have domains of preferential orientations. We compare the information on the fiber distribution as collected by scanning electron microscopy images, X-ray computed tomography and synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography (SXRR). The three techniques prove to be complementary. Importantly, we demonstrate that SXRR yields the most statistically significant information due to the largest field of view, yet with a sensitivity down to the nanometer, and that can be successfully applied also to heavy matrix materials, such as zirconium boride.
KW - Ceramic matrix composites
KW - Synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography
KW - X-ray computed tomography
KW - Scanning electron microscopy
KW - High-temperature ceramics
PY - 2024
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597712
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.02.048
SN - 0955-2219
VL - 44
IS - 8
SP - 4853
EP - 4862
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-59771
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schob, D.
A1 - Sagradov, I.
A1 - Roszak, R.
A1 - Sparr, H.
A1 - Franke, R.
A1 - Ziegenhorn, M.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Léonard, Fabien
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Experimental determination and numerical simulation of material and damage behaviour of 3D printed polyamide 12 under cyclic loading
N2 - The material and damage behaviour of additively manufactured polyamide 12 under cyclic loading was characterized by cyclic tests and microstructure analysis by using microscopy, X-ray refraction, and computed tomography. The results were used to determine parameters for the viscoplastic material model by Chaboche and a damage model by Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman. The temperature was monitored during the experiments and the self-heating effect was observed. By including this effect, a higher accuracy could be achieved with the results of mechanical experiments.
KW - 3D printing Polyamide 12
KW - Chaboche model
KW - GTN model
KW - Material and damage behaviour
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Computed tomography
PY - 2020
DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106841
SN - 0013-7944
VL - 229
SP - 106841-1
EP - 106841-13
PB - Elsevier Ltd.
CY - Amsterdam
AN - OPUS4-50557
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Markötter, Henning
A1 - Haußmann, J.
A1 - Alink, R.
A1 - Dittmann, K.
A1 - Tötzke, C.
A1 - Krüger, P.
A1 - Klages, M.
A1 - Arlt, Tobias
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich
A1 - Scholta, J.
A1 - Gerteisen, D.
A1 - Manke, I.
A1 - Banhart, J.
T1 - Investigation of fuel cell materials and liquid water transport by means of synchrotron imaging
N2 - Synchrotron imaging allows addressing various important issues in fuel cell research, for example water distribution and transport. The water distribution in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) was observed quasi in-situ directly after operation by means of synchrotron tomography. The 3D data set was compared with the tomogram of a dry cell in order to separate the water distribution from cell materials. Engineered transport pathways realized by perforating holes through the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are a recent approach to optimize water transport and cell performance. For some parameter sets a cell performance increase and an improvement of stabilization have already been proven. We present high resolution investigations of the water distribution in perforated GDLs of operating PEMFCs by means of in-situ synchrotron radiography. The surrounding areas of the holes exhibited a distinct hydrophilic character.
KW - Gas-diffusion layers
KW - Resolution neutron-radiography
KW - X-ray radiography
KW - Visualization
KW - PEMFC
PY - 2013
DO - https://doi.org/10.1149/04529.0195ecst
SN - 1938-6737
SN - 1938-5862
VL - 45
IS - 29
SP - 195
EP - 202
CY - Pennington, NJ, USA
AN - OPUS4-30545
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Schob, D.
A1 - Léonard, Fabien
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Sagradov, I.
A1 - Roszak, R.
A1 - Sparr, H.
A1 - Franke, R.
A1 - Ziegenhorn, M.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur und Simulation des Schädigungsverhaltens von lasergesintertem Polyamid 12 unter quasistatischer Zugbelastung
N2 - Um das Material- und Schädigungsverhalten von additiv gefertigtem Polyamid 12 (PA12) unter quasistatischer Belastung zu charakterisieren, wurden mechanische Tests und Röntgenverfahren zur Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur eingesetzt. Die Proben wurden nach dem Prinzip des Selektiven Lasersinterns (SLS) hergestellt. Unter quasistatischer Belastung mit Haltezeiten ergab sich ein viskoplastisches Materialverhalten. Im Zugversuch wurde eine maximale Zugfestigkeit von 40.6 MPa und eine Bruchdehnung von 7.4% beobachtet. Mittels Röntgenrefraktion wurde eine Erhöhung von inneren Oberflächen beobachtet, die senkrecht zur Zugrichtung orientiert sind. Die Analyse der Gesamtporosität aus Computertomographie-Messungen ergab keine Änderung infolge der Zugbelastung. Jedoch wurde eine bimodale Porengrößenverteilung und eine steigende Sphärizität festgestellt. Das Materialverhalten wurde mit dem Chaboche-Modell simuliert und ergab eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen. Allerdings gestattet dieses Modell nicht, das Schädigungsverhalten abzubilden. Daher wurde zur Simulation des Schädigungsverhaltens das Modell gemäß dem Ansatz von Gurson, Tvergaard und Needleman unter Berücksichtigung der mikrostrukturellen Parameter erweitert. Der Schwerpunkt des Beitrags liegt auf den Röntgenverfahren zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Mikrostruktur.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2021
CY - Online meeting
DA - 10.05.2021
KW - Additive Fertigung (AM)
KW - Polyamid 12
KW - Röntgenrefraktion
KW - Computertomographie
KW - Numerische Simulation
PY - 2021
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526833
UR - https://jahrestagung.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2021/bb/P16.pdf
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-52683
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schob, D.
A1 - Roszak, R.
A1 - Sagradov, I.
A1 - Sparr, H.
A1 - Ziegenhorn, M.
A1 - Kupsch, Andreas
A1 - Léonard, Fabien
A1 - Müller, Bernd R.
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Experimental determination and numerical simulation of material and damage behaviour of 3D printed polyamide 12 under quasi-static loading
N2 - In order to characterise the material and damage behaviour of additively manufactured polyamide 12 (PA12) under quasi-static load and to implement it in a numerical model, experiments under quasi-static load as well as microstructural investigations were carried out. Selective laser sintering (SLS) was used as the manufacturing process. For the classification of the material behaviour, quasi-static cyclic tests with holding times as well as tensile tests were performed. X-ray refraction and computed tomography (CT) were used to investigate the damage behaviour. The Chaboche model, which has already been applied for metallic materials under thermomechanical loading, served as the basis for the selection of the numerical material model. The same procedure was used for the selection of the damage model, where the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model was chosen, which was already used for porous metallic materials. The Chaboche model shows very good agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the coupling with the GTN model allows a very good modelling of the damage behaviour. Finally, it could be shown that the selected models are suitable to simulate the material and damage behaviour of 3D printed PA12.
KW - Polyamide 12
KW - 3D printing
KW - Viscoplastic
KW - Chaboche model
KW - Damage
KW - GTN model
KW - X-ray refraction
KW - Computed tomography
PY - 2019
DO - https://doi.org/10.24423/aom.3162
SN - 0373-2029
VL - 71
IS - 4-5
SP - 507
EP - 526
PB - IPPT PAN - Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research
CY - Warsaw
AN - OPUS4-49409
LA - eng
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -
TY - CONF
A1 - Bertovic, Marija
A1 - Gaal, Mate
A1 - Müller, Christina
A1 - Fahlbruch, B.
A1 - Schombach, D.
T1 - Einfluss des Zeitdrucks auf die manuelle Ultraschallprüfung. Untersuchung zu menschlichen Faktoren auf die Ergebnisse zerstörungsfreier Prüfungen
N2 - Die übergeordnete Zielsetzung unserer Untersuchung bestand darin,
am Beispiel von Prüfungen mit Ultraschall eine belastbare Aussage zum Einfluss der Arbeitsbedingungen des Prüfers auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse von zerstörungsfreien Prüfungen zu ermitteln und Möglichkeiten zur Minimierung ungünstiger Einflussfaktoren aufzuzeigen.
Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung wurde auf die manuelle Ultraschallprüfung gelegt und der Faktor 'Zeitdruck' (in drei Stufen variiert) als die zu variierende physische Einflussgröße gewählt. Die Variation des Faktors Zeitdruck wurde gemäß dem Prozessmodell von der Erhebung psychologischer Faktoren, die das Individuum und die Organisation beschreiben, begleitet.
Die Ultraschallprüfungen erfolgten mit zehn Prüfern am Großbehälter und an Vergleichskörpern mit eingebrachten Testfehlern (Nuten, Risse). Die ausgewählten Fehler waren typisch für Prüfaufgaben, die bei wiederkehrenden Ultraschallprüfungen in Kernkraftwerken von den Prüfern zu lösen sind. Die Prüfaufgabe bestand darin, die in den vorgegebenen Prüfabschnitten vorhandenen Reflektoren aufzufinden und deren Amplituden, Ortskoordinaten und Längenerstreckungen zu ermitteln. Als Bewertungsmaßstab für die Qualität der Prüfaussage und für den Einfluss des menschlichen Faktors diente die Präzision der gemessenen Werte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen hohen Einfluss des menschlichen Faktors auf das Prüfergebnis und eine Einwirkung des Zeitdrucks besonders auf die Präzision der Messwerte. Hierbei war die Wirkung des individuell wahrgenommenen Zeitdrucks zusammen mit der psychischen Arbeitsbeanspruchung signifikant. Es wurde unter anderem herausgearbeitet, dass durch eine gute Vorbereitung auf die Prüfung, z.B. durch die sorgfältige Einweisung und ein vorgeschaltetes Fertigkeitstraining an Vergleichskörpern, die Zuverlässigkeit der Prüfergebnisse verbessert werden kann.
Insgesamt hatte der Faktor 'Organisation' neben der 'Erfahrung' einen hohen Einfluss auf das Leistungsvermögen der Prüfer.
Die Projektergebnisse wurden im Abschlussbericht des Forschungsvorhabens SR2514 dargestellt, es wurden drei Empfehlungen zur Vorbereitung und Einweisung der Prüfer, zur Stärkung der Verantwortung der Prüfaufsicht und zum 4-Augen-Prinzip formuliert. Die Empfehlungen wurden in der KTA- Regel 3201.4 'Komponenten des Primärkreises von Leichtwasserreaktoren; Teil 4: Wiederkehrende Prüfungen und Betriebsüberwachung (RÄE Fassung 2010-11)', umgesetzt.
T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2011
CY - Bremen, Germany
DA - 30.05.2011
KW - Human factors
KW - ZfP
KW - Ultraschallprüfung
KW - UT
KW - Zeitdruck
PY - 2011
UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-251610
UR - http://jt2011.dgzfp.de/Portals/jt2011/BB/mi2c3.pdf
SN - 978-3-940283-33-7
IS - DGZfP-BB 127 (Mi.2.C.3)
SP - 1
EP - 9
PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP)
CY - Berlin
AN - OPUS4-25161
LA - deu
AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER -