TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Lehmann, Annekatrin T1 - Recovery of nutrients from sewage sludge - Results of the European research-project SUSAN JF - Water practice & technology N2 - Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of nutrients – most important phosphorus (P) – but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two steps thermal treatment based on 1. mono-incineration of sewage sludge under destruction of organic pollutants and 2. thermochemical treatment of the resulting ashes to remove heavy metals and increase P-bioavailability is suggested by the authors. The process aims at P-fertilisers production from sewage sludge. Seven sewage sludge ashes of different origin and composition and one residue from gasification of sewage sludge were thermochemically treated. The raw ashes were mixed with a chlorine donor (e.g. MgCl2) and thermally treated in a gas tight lab-scale rotary furnace. The distributions of the heavy metals between solid and gas phase were determined. The heavy metals concentrations of the treated ashes matched the legislative limits in most cases. The products from thermochemical treatment are suited raw materials for P-fertiliser production. Relevant process parameters such as temperature, type and concentration of Cl-donor and retention time were optimised for the thermochemical treatment step. KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Fetiliser PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2008.001 SN - 1751-231X VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - IWA Publishing AN - OPUS4-17700 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge aiming at marketable P-fertilisers JF - Materials transactions N2 - Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of nutrients – most important phosphorus (P) – but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two steps thermal treatment is suggested based on 1. mono-incineration of sewage sludge under destruction of organic pollutants and 2. thermochemical treatment of the resulting ashes to remove heavy metals and increase P-bioavailability. The targeted products are marketable P-fertilisers. The thermochemical treatment was investigated in a gas tight lab-scale rotary furnace. Seven sewage sludge ashes of different origin and composition and one residue from gasification of sewage sludge were mixed with a chlorine donor (e.g. MgCl2) and thermochemically treated under systematic variation of operational parameters. The distributions of the heavy metals between solid and gas phase were determined. The heavy metals concentrations of the treated ashes met the legislative limits in most cases. The products from thermochemical treatment are suited raw materials for P-fertiliser production. Relevant process parameters such as temperature, type and concentration of Cl-donor and retention time were optimised for the thermochemical treatment step. KW - Sewage sludge KW - Mono-incineration KW - Ash treatment KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Phosphorus-fertiliser PY - 2007 SN - 1345-9678 SN - 1347-5320 VL - 48 IS - 12 SP - 3056 EP - 3061 PB - Japan Institute of Metals CY - Sendai AN - OPUS4-16647 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Peplinski, Burkhard A1 - Michaelis, Matthias A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ashes for phosphorus recovery JF - Waste management N2 - Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all living organisms and cannot be replaced. Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of phosphorus, but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two-step thermal treatment is suggested, including mono-incineration of sewage sludge and subsequent thermochemical treatment of the ashes. Organic pollutants are completely destroyed by mono-incineration. The resulting sewage sludge ashes contain P, but also heavy metals. P in the ashes exhibits low bioavailability, a disadvantage in farming. Therefore, in a second thermochemical step, P is transferred into mineral phases available for plants, and heavy metals are removed as well. The thermochemical treatment was investigated in a laboratory-scale rotary furnace by treating seven different sewage sludge ashes under systematic variation of operational parameters. Heavy metal removal and the increase of the P-bioavailability were the focus of the investigation. The present experimental study shows that these objectives have been achieved with the proposed process. The P-bioavailability was significantly increased due to the formation of new mineral phases such as chlorapatite, farringtonite and stanfieldite during thermochemical treatment. KW - P-recovery KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Mineral phases KW - X-ray diffraction PY - 2009 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.09.011 SN - 0956-053X VL - 29 IS - 3 SP - 1122 EP - 1128 PB - Pergamon Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-18605 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -