TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Kley, Gerd A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Lehmann, Annekatrin T1 - Recovery of nutrients from sewage sludge - Results of the European research-project SUSAN N2 - Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of nutrients – most important phosphorus (P) – but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two steps thermal treatment based on 1. mono-incineration of sewage sludge under destruction of organic pollutants and 2. thermochemical treatment of the resulting ashes to remove heavy metals and increase P-bioavailability is suggested by the authors. The process aims at P-fertilisers production from sewage sludge. Seven sewage sludge ashes of different origin and composition and one residue from gasification of sewage sludge were thermochemically treated. The raw ashes were mixed with a chlorine donor (e.g. MgCl2) and thermally treated in a gas tight lab-scale rotary furnace. The distributions of the heavy metals between solid and gas phase were determined. The heavy metals concentrations of the treated ashes matched the legislative limits in most cases. The products from thermochemical treatment are suited raw materials for P-fertiliser production. Relevant process parameters such as temperature, type and concentration of Cl-donor and retention time were optimised for the thermochemical treatment step. KW - Phosphorus recovery KW - Sewage sludge ash KW - Thermochemical treatment KW - Fetiliser PY - 2008 DO - https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2008.001 SN - 1751-231X VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - IWA Publishing AN - OPUS4-17700 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Hobohm, J. A1 - Kuchta, K. A1 - van Wasen, Sebastian A1 - Krüger, Oliver T1 - Recovery of rare earth elements - optimized elemental analysis of fluorescent lamp shredder waste N2 - Rare earth elements (REE) are a crucial component of fluorescence lamps. Several procedures have been developed to recovery these technological important elements. Nevertheless, actual REE recycling from fluorescence lamps is scarce so far (recovery rate of less than 1 %), with current recycling approaches concentrating on glass recovery. Since most recycling processes include several, also wet-chemical steps, a complete knowledge of the actual elemental composition of the respective mass flows is necessary for an efficient REE recovery. We tested seven different reagent mixtures for microwave-assisted digestion of fluorescent lamp shredder, including HF, HClO4, and H2O2. We determined the concentrations of 25 of the most relevant rare earth and other trace elements in the respective dilutions. Two independent digestions, one a mixture of perchlorid/nitric/hydrofluoric acid and the other aqua regia, showed the highest concentrations of 23 of these elements, excluding only Sn and Tb. The REE concentrations in the tested lamp shredder sample (stated in g/kg) were 10.2 (Y), 12.1 (La), 7.77 (Ce), 6.91 (Eu), 1.90 (Gd), and 4.11 (Tb). T2 - 5th International conference industrial and hazardous waste management - Crete 2016 CY - Chania, Crete, Greece DA - 27.09.2016 KW - Rare earth elements KW - Critical raw materials KW - Resource recovery KW - WEEE PY - 2016 SN - 978-960-8475-20-5 SN - 2241-3138 SP - 1 EP - 4 AN - OPUS4-37761 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Herzel, Hannes T1 - Recycling of nutrients from biomass ashes N2 - Recycling of nutrients from biomass ashes can safe natural recources and improve agricultural Efficiency. This was shown in the presentation for sewage sludge ashes, chicken manure ash and for sugar cane plants. T2 - 6° Enconto Brasileiro-Alemao para Producao Sustentavel no Cerrado CY - Goiania, Brazil DA - 19.09.2016 KW - Nutrient recovery PY - 2016 AN - OPUS4-37599 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hedrich, Martina A1 - Giese, Lutz A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Haase, Oskar A1 - Segebade, Christian T1 - Recycling of Photovoltaic CdTe-Modules - Analytical Process Monitoring N2 - Along with the globally increasing energy demand the application of renewable energy sources is urgently required. According to national regulations and international treaties (e.g. Kyoto Protocol) these sources shall be sustainably available at reasonable financial effort and non-polluting during production, use and waste treatment. Using photovoltaic sources (PV), these requirements can clearly be met. All industry has to follow the best available technology and an integrative life cycle approach for their products and production. PV thin film technology strictly responds to this obligation. In order to save material resources and to minimise undesirable landfill recycling of spent PV modules is necessary. Recycling of multi-component materials containing mixed metals typically consists of three parts: liberation, separation, and recovery. In our study (RESOLVED – an EU Demonstration Project) the focus is on liberation and separation. The converting layer (CdTe) was liberated (removed) from the glass carrier by sandblasting and separated subsequently from the blast material (e.g. corundum) and other components using stepwise different separation techniques. Both the glass substrate and CdTe are subject to re-use. The overall feasibility of the recycling process is primarily governed by the efficiency of the procedure applied to the separation of CdTe from the rest (blasting material, glass residues, etc.). This was performed by water-based flotation. Several flotation procedures were studied regarding their separation yields. The distribution of CdTe in the phases involved (flotate, water, residue) was measured using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRS) intended for future routine application and by instrumental large-volume photon activation analysis (IPAA) as a reference procedure. The results of both analytical methods were in satisfactory agreement. T2 - European Metallurgical Conference (EMC 2005) CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2005-09-18 KW - Photovoltaic (PV) KW - Solar energy KW - CdTe-Modules KW - Recycling KW - Separation techniques KW - Monitoring PY - 2005 SN - 3-935797-22-2 VL - 4 SP - 1687 EP - 1696 PB - GDMB-Medienverl. CY - Clausthal-Zellerfeld AN - OPUS4-11004 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Recycling of waste materials by thermochemical treatment T2 - ISWA World congress 2010 - Urban development and sustainbility - a major challenge for waste management in the 21st century CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 2010-11-15 KW - thermochemical substance separation KW - Thermodynamics KW - Thermochemistry PY - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 10(?) AN - OPUS4-22467 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Recycling of Waste Materials by Thermochemical Treatment T2 - ISWA World Congress 2010 Urban Development and Sustainability - a Major Challenge for Waste Management in the 21st Century CY - Hamburg, Germany DA - 2010-11-15 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-22473 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Brenneis, Rudolf A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg T1 - Recycling of Waste Materials by Thermochemical Treatment T2 - International Conference Environmental (Bio) Technologies & EU-FP7 Environment Brokerage Event CY - Gdansk, Poland DA - 2011-09-05 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24326 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taube, Mareike Carolin A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Adamczyk, Burkart A1 - Beckmann, T. A1 - Reuter, M. A1 - Stelter, M. ED - Reiser, B. T1 - Recycling von metallurgischen Rückständen - Schmelzversuche zeigen, wie die Tantalrückgewinnung aus Zinnschlacken und weiteren Reststoffen optimiert werden kann N2 - Since the recycling of tantalum bearing post-consumer waste is practically not existent, metallurgical residues are the most important feed for the tantalum recycling. Most tin ores naturally contain significant quantities of refractory metals. During the smelting process in primary tin production these elements are enriched in the slag phase. This slag is a highly valuable raw material for tantalum production due to its considerable concentration of tantalum and its functioning as an additional slag former in further pyrometallurgical treatment. In this paper the first process stage of an existing pyrometallurgical process for tantalum recovery, mainly from low grade pyrometallurgical residues, is discussed. Smelting trials were carried out in a pilot-scale electric arc furnace to analyse the effect of feeding on the activity of carbon as a reducing agent. Therefore, blowing petroleum coke through an iron lance and the manual adding of coke into the melting bath were tested. During the pyrometallurgical treatment elements with a high affinity to carbon were reduced to their carbide form and enriched in the molten iron-based metal phase. The objective of the process was to reduce the oxidic tantalum completely and to enrich it into the metal phase. Furthermore, the transfer of unwanted elements such as titanium into the metal phase was aimed to be avoided. Spoon test specimens were taken from the liquid mineral melt to follow the evolution of the reduction process. The cooled down solidified melting bath was investigated by using the XRD and EDX method to characterise the slag system and to identify relevant mineral phases. N2 - Da das Recycling von tantalhaltigen Post-Consumer-Abfällen praktisch nicht existiert, stellen metallurgische Reststoffe eine äußerst wichtige Rohstoffquelle für das Tantalrecycling dar. Die meisten Zinnerze enthalten von Natur aus erhebliche Mengen an Refraktärmetallen. Diese Elemente werden in den Schlacken der pyrometallurgischen Primärzinngewinnung angereichert. Aufgrund ihrer vergleichsweise hohen Wertstoffkonzentration und ihrer Funktion als zusätzlicher Schlackenbildner stellen diese Schlacken einen wertvollen Rohstoff für die Verhüttung tantalhaltiger Reststoffe dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein existierendes Verfahren zur Tantalrückgewinnung diskutiert, dem hauptsächlich pyrometallurgische Rückstände geringer Wertstoffkonzentration als Einsatzstoff dienen. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens sollte dasoxidisch vorliegende Tantal vollständig reduziert und in der Metallphase angereichert werden. Weiterhin sollte vermieden werden, dass unerwünschte Elemente wie Titan in die Metallphase überführt werden. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die ablaufenden Reduktionsprozesse besser zu verstehen, um so Ansätze für die Prozessoptimierung identifizieren zu können. KW - Lichtbogenofen KW - Pyrometallurgie KW - Recycling KW - Tantal KW - Zinnschlacke PY - 2020 SN - 0934-3482 VL - 33 SP - 10 EP - 17 PB - Rhombos-Verlag CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-50656 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Giese, Lutz A1 - Segebade, Christian A1 - Steglich, Hans-Eckhart A1 - Weimann, Karin T1 - Recycling von Photovoltaik-Dünnschichtmodulen T2 - 4. Kolloquium SORTIEREN - Innovationen und Anwendungen CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2005-10-06 KW - Photovoltaik KW - Recycling KW - Dünnschichtmodul KW - Cadmiumtellurid KW - Nassmechanische Aufbereitung KW - Photonenaktivierungsanalyse PY - 2005 SP - 55 EP - 65 PB - TU Berlin CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-11053 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Sapich, Gudrun A1 - Steglich, Hans-Eckhart A1 - Segebade, Christian T1 - Recycling von Photovoltaik-Dünnschichtmodulen mit nassmechanischen Verfahren - Ergebnissen des EU LIFE Projektes RESOLVED T2 - Tagung "Aufbereitung und Recycling" CY - Freiberg, Germany DA - 2005-11-09 PY - 2005 AN - OPUS4-11090 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -