TY - JOUR A1 - Abou-Ras, D. A1 - Caballero, R. A1 - Fischer, C.-H. A1 - Kaufmann, C.A. A1 - Lauermann, I. A1 - Mainz, R. A1 - Mönig, H. A1 - Schöpke, A. A1 - Stephan, C. A1 - Streeck, C. A1 - Schorr, S. A1 - Eicke, A. A1 - Döbeli, M. A1 - Gade, B. A1 - Hinrichs, J. A1 - Nunney, T. A1 - Dijkstra, H. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Klemm, D. A1 - Efimova, V. A1 - Bergmaier, A. A1 - Dollinger, G. A1 - Wirth, Thomas A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Rockett, A.A. A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, A. A1 - Alvarez-Garcia, J. A1 - Izquierdo-Roca, V. A1 - Schmid, T. A1 - Choi, P.-P. A1 - Müller, M. A1 - Bertram, F. A1 - Christen, J. A1 - Khatri, H. A1 - Collins, R.W. A1 - Marsillac, S. A1 - Kötschau, I. T1 - Comprehensive comparison of various techniques for the analysis of elemental distributions in thin films N2 - The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 µm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limits. KW - Elemental distributions KW - Comparison KW - Depth profiling KW - Chemical mapping KW - Thin films KW - Solar cells KW - Chalcopyrite-type KW - Cu(In,Ga)Se2 PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611000523 SN - 1431-9276 SN - 1435-8115 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 728 EP - 751 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York, NY AN - OPUS4-24506 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Mai, C.M. A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Stiller, M. A1 - Gildenhaar, Renate A1 - Jörn, Daniela A1 - Ploska, Ute A1 - Houshmand, A. A1 - Bednarek, A. A1 - Koch, C. A1 - Knabe, C. T1 - Evaluation of degradable bone cements for percutaneous augmentation of bone defects KW - Bone defect KW - Bioactive bone cement KW - Calcium alkali orthophosphates KW - Histology KW - Histomorphometry KW - Knochendefekt KW - Bioaktiver Knochenzement KW - Calciumalkaliorthophosphat KW - Histologie KW - Histomorphometrie PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201000706 SN - 0933-5137 SN - 1521-4052 VL - 41 IS - 12 SP - 1040 EP - 1047 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-22891 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Müller-Mai, C. A1 - Voigt, C. A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Spitzer, Andrea T1 - In Vivo Tests of a Highly Porous Rapidly Resorbable Dicalcium Potassium Sodium Phosphate Glass-Ceramics N2 - Glass-ceramics containing Ca2KNa(PO4)2 as the main crystalline phase have a solubility which is 8 times higher than that of alpha-tricalcium phosphate ceramics. When using these compositions in drug delivery systems, especially in bone, it is necessary to create a material with a high open porosity. A Ca2KNa(PO4)2-based glass-ceramic was prepared from a borosilicate glass melt. The processed material includes minor amounts of boron which are low enough for medical application. Tissue response was studied using an animal model. Particles were implanted in rabbit femurs. Bone and soft tissue development occurred at the particle interfaces. In general, most particles were enclosed in the network of trabecular bone. The advantages of using a biomaterial with high porosity (pore size of 1-3 micron), together with rapid biodegradation, bioactivity and biocompatibility, despite traces of boron, were shown. 4 refs. T2 - 14th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY - Palm Springs, CA, USA DA - 2001-11-14 PY - 2002 DO - https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.218-220.307 SN - 1013-9826 VL - 218-220 SP - 307 EP - 310 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf AN - OPUS4-1935 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Müller-Mai, C. A1 - Voigt, C. A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Spitzer, Andrea T1 - In vivo test of a high porous rapidly resorbable dicalcium potassium sodium phosphate glass-ceramics T2 - 14th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine ; Annual meeting of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine 2001 CY - Palm Springs, CA, USA DA - 2001-11-14 PY - 2002 SN - 1013-9826 VL - 218-220 SP - 307 EP - 310 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf AN - OPUS4-1893 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seah, M.P. A1 - Spencer, S.J. A1 - Bensebaa, F. A1 - Vickridge, I. A1 - Danzebrink, H. A1 - Krumrey, M. A1 - Gross, Thomas A1 - Österle, Werner A1 - Wendler, E. A1 - Rheinländer, B. A1 - Azuma, Y. A1 - Kojima, I. A1 - Suzuki, N. A1 - Suzuki, M. A1 - Tanuma, S. A1 - Moon, D.W. A1 - Lee, H.J. A1 - Cho, H.M. A1 - Chen, H.Y. A1 - Wee, A. T. S. A1 - Osipowicz, T. A1 - Pan, J.S. A1 - Jordaan, W.A. A1 - Hauert, R. A1 - Klotz, U. A1 - van der Marel, C. A1 - Verheijen, M. A1 - Tamminga, Y. A1 - Jeynes, C. A1 - Bailey, P. A1 - Biswas, S. A1 - Falke, U. A1 - Nguyen, N.V. A1 - Chandler-Horowitz, D. A1 - Ehrstein, J.R. A1 - Muller, D. A1 - Dura, J.A. T1 - Critical review of the current status of thickness measurements for ultrathin SiO2 on Si - Part V: Results of a CCQM pilot study N2 - Results are reported from a pilot study under the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) to compare measurements of and resolve any relevant measurement issues in, the amount of thermal SiO2 oxide on (100) and (111) orientation Si wafer substrates in the thickness range 1.5 - 8 nm. As a result of the invitation to participate in this activity, 45 sets of measurements have been made in different laboratories using 10 analytical methods: medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), RBS, elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS), XPS, SIMS, ellipsometry, grazing-incidence x-ray reflectrometry (GIXRR), neutron reflectometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The measurements are made on separate sets of 10 carefully prepared samples, all of which have been characterised by a combination of ellipsometry and XPS using carefully established reference conditions and reference parameters. The results have been assessed against the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) data and all show excellent linearity. The remaining data sets correlate with the NPL data with average root-mean-square scatters of 0.15 nm, half being better than 0.1 nm and a few at or better than 0.05 nm. Each set of data allows a relative scaling constant and a zero thickness offset to be determined. Each method has an inherent zero thickness offset between 0 nm and 1 nm and it is these offsets, measured here for the first time, that have caused many problems in the past. There are three basic classes of offset: water and carbonadeous contamination equivalent to ~1 nm as seen by ellipsometry; adsorbed oxygen mainly from water at an equivalent thickness of 0.5 nm as seen by MEIS, NRA, RBS and possibly GIXRR; and no offset as seen by XPS using the Si 2p peaks. Each technique has a different uncertainty for the scaling constant and consistent results have been achieved. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has large uncertainties for the scaling constant but a high precision and, critically, if used correctly, has zero offset. Thus, a combination of XPS and the other methods allows the XPS scaling constant to be determined with low uncertainty, traceable via the other methods. XPS laboratories returning results early were invited to test a new reference procedure. All showed very significant improvements. The reference attenuation lengths thus need scaling by 0.986 ± 0.009 (at an expansion factor of 2) deduced from the data for the other methods. Several other methods have small offsets and, to the extent that these can be shown to be constant or measurable, then these methods will also show low uncertainty. Recommendations are provided for parameters for XPS, MEIS, RBS and NRA to improve their accuracy. KW - Calibration KW - Ellipsometry KW - GIXRR KW - Interlaboratory study KW - MEIS KW - Neutron reflectometry KW - NRA KW - RBS KW - Silicon dioxide KW - SIMS KW - XPS PY - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1909 SN - 0142-2421 SN - 1096-9918 VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 1269 EP - 1303 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-5549 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Perrone, C. A1 - Fontana, Patrick A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Ziegert, C. T1 - Charakterisierung und Modellierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Lehmsteinmauerwerk / Mechanical characterization and modelling of earth block masonry N2 - Das Wissen über die Materialeigenschaften und die Versagensmechanismen bei Lehmbaustoffen ist begrenzt und lückenhaft. Im Rahmen des EU-Projekts NIKER (www.niker.eu) wurden deshalb die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Bauteilen aus Lehm unter statischer Druck- und Schubbeanspruchung bestimmt. Ziel der Untersuchungen war es, grundlegende Daten zum Verformungs- und Versagensverhalten von Lehmbauteilen zu erhalten und dieses mit einem numerischen Modell zu beschreiben. Die Versuchsergebnisse belegten das spröde Verhalten von Lehmsteinmauerwerk bei uniaxialer Druckbelastung und zeigten, dass das Versagen von Lehmsteinmauerwerk infolge Schubbelastung nach Erstrissbildung in Mörtelfugen und Lehmsteinen durch Gleiten der Lehmsteine entlang der Mörtelfugen erfolgt. Die numerische Makromodellierung erbrachte zwar befriedigende Resultate hinsichtlich des Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhaltens, jedoch konnte bei der simulierten Rissbildung keine Übereinstimmung mit den in den Versuchen beobachteten Rissbildern erzielt werden. Bei Lehmsteinmauerwerk ist also eine wesentlich aufwendigere Mikromodellierung notwendig, um das Versagensverhalten korrekt beschreiben zu können.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Knowledge of the material properties and failure mechanisms of earthen materials is limited and scattered. Within the framework of the NIKER project (www.niker.eu) funded by EC, the mechanical properties of earthen material elements were therefore determined under static compression and shear loads. The aim was to obtain fundamental data on deformation behaviour and failure mechanisms of earthen material structural elements and to describe them by means of a numerical model. The test results confirmed the brittle behaviour of earth block masonry under monoaxial compressive load and showed that the failure of earth block masonry under shear load occurs by sliding of the earth blocks along the mortar joints after initial cracking in mortar joints and earth block. Numerical macro modelling showed satisfying results with regard to stress-strain behaviour, but the simulated crack pattern was not consistent with experimental observations. In the case of earth block masonry, it is thus necessary to use micro modelling approaches in order to correctly predict the failure process at local level. KW - Lehmstein Mauerwerk KW - Druckversuche KW - Schubversuche KW - F.E.M. Modellierung PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.201200555 SN - 1432-3427 SN - 1437-1022 N1 - Sprachen: Deutsch/Englisch - Languages: German/English VL - 16 IS - 6 SP - 279 EP - 292 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27589 LA - mul AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Ziegert, C. A1 - Kaiser, C. A1 - Röhlen, U. T1 - Eigenschaften industrieller Lehmbauprodukte für den Mauerwerksbau und Verhalten von Lehmsteinmauerwerk N2 - Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Eigenschaften industriell hergestellter Bauprodukte aus Lehm für den Mauerwerksbau. Die Qualität der industriellen Fertigung dieser Produktgruppe hat inzwischen einen Stand erreicht, der vergleichbar mit dem anderer Bauprodukte ist. Lehm-Putzmörtel gibt es als Universalputze für ein- oder mehrlagige Anwendung oder in Form von Unter-, Ober- oder Feinputzen. Lehmsteine werden in verschiedenen Größen und mit Lochung angeboten. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften verschiedener Lehmsteinsorten sind geprägt durch Druckfestigkeiten bis 11 N/mm2, mit üblichen Werten bei 2 bis 5 N/mm2. Ein kritischer Punkt ist die Abhängigkeit der Festigkeitseigenschaften der Lehmsteine von der Materialfeuchte. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass in einem Luftfeuchtebereich von 40 bis 70 % RLF die Druckfestigkeit von Lehmsteinen verhältnismäßig konstant ist. Mauerwerk, errichtet mit Lehmsteinen und Lehm-Mauermörtel, zeigt ähnliche Druckfestigkeiten und E-Module wie Mauerwerk, das mit Porenbetonsteinen errichtet wurde. Infolge einer geringeren Haftscherfestigkeit zwischen Lehmmörtel und Lehmstein ist die Schubfestigkeit von Lehmsteinmauerwerk vergleichsweise niedrig.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Properties of industrially produced earthen building products for masonry and behaviour of earth block masonry. The contribution gives an overview of the properties of industrially produced earthen building products for masonry. In the meantime the quality of the industrial production of this group of building materials reached a level similar to that of other products for construction. Earth plasters exist as plasters for universal, one or multi layer applications or as lower, upper or finish plasters. Earth blocks are provided in different sizes and with different perforations. The mechanical properties of different earth block types are signified by compressive strength of up to 11 N/mm2 but are typically in a range between 2 and 5 N/mm2. A critical point is the correlation of the strength of earthen materials with their moisture content. Results from earth blocks showed that in a relative humidity window between 40 and 70 % rh the compressive strength of earth blocks is fairly constant. Masonry made from earth block and earth mortar exhibited compressive strength and elastic modules similar to masonry made with aerated autoclaved concrete blocks. The shear strength of earth block masonry, however, is fairly low, due to the weak bond between earth block and earth mortar. PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.201200527 SN - 1432-3427 SN - 1437-1022 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 28 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27744 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wisniewski, W. A1 - Thieme, C. A1 - Müller, Ralf A1 - Reinsch, Stefan A1 - Groß-Barsnick, S.-M. A1 - Rüssel, C. T1 - Oriented surface nucleation and crystal growth in a 18BaO·22CaO·60SiO2 mol% glass used for SOFC seals N2 - A glass of the composition 37BaO·16CaO·47SiO2 wt% produced on an industrial scale is crystallized at 970 °C for times ranging from 15 min to 2 h. The crystallization at the immediate surface as well as the crystal growth into the bulk are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as X-ray diffraction in the Θ–2Θ setup (XRD). The immediate surface shows the oriented nucleation of walstromite as well as the formation of wollastonite and an unknown phase of the composition BaCaSi3O8. All three phases also grow into the bulk where walstromite ultimately dominates the kinetic selection and grows throughout the bulk due to a lack of bulk nucleation. Walstromite shows systematic orientation changes as well as twinning during growth. A critical analysis of the XRD-patterns acquired from various crystallized samples indicates that their evaluation is problematic and that phases detected by XRD in this system should be verified by another method such as EDXS. KW - Glass KW - Surface nucleation KW - Orientation KW - EBSD PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ce02008b VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 787 EP - 795 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry AN - OPUS4-44405 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunz, C. A1 - Büttner, T.N. A1 - Naumann, B. A1 - Boehm, A.V. A1 - Gnecco, E. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Neumann, C. A1 - Turchanin, A. A1 - Müller, F.A. A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Large-area fabrication of low- and high-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures on carbon fibers N2 - The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were investigated on carbon fibers under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength λ = 1025 nm. The LIPSS were fabricated in an air environment at normal incidence with different values of the laser peak fluence and number of pulses per spot. The morphology of the generated structures was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Fast-Fourier transform analyses. Moreover, the material structure and the surface chemistry of the carbon fibers before and after laser irradiation was analyzed by micro Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Large areas in the cm2 range of carbon fiber arrangements were successfully processed with homogenously distributed high- and low-spatial frequency LIPSS. Beyond those distinct nanostructures, hybrid structures were realized for the very first time by a superposition of both types of LIPSS in a two-step process. The findings facilitate the fabrication of tailored LIPSS-based surface structures on carbon fibers that could be of particular interest for e.g. fiber reinforced polymers and concretes. KW - Fs-Laser KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Carbon fibers KW - Large area structuring PY - 2018 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622318302781 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.035 SN - 0008-6223 SN - 1873-3891 VL - 133 SP - 176 EP - 185 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-44625 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. F. A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Nayeri, C. N. A1 - Paschereit, C. O. A1 - Greenblatt, D. T1 - Dynamic Stall Under Combined Pitching and Surging N2 - Dynamic stall often occurs under conditions of simultaneous unsteady pitching and surging (e.g., rotorcraft and wind turbines), butmanymodels employ a dimensionless time base that implicitly assumes that surging is superimposed, in a quasi-steady manner, on dynamic pitching. An unsteady wind tunnel was used to examine this assumption, where a technique was developed to quantify the unsteady effects of surging on a pitching NACA 0018 airfoil. The technique involved performing multiple harmonic pitching experiments under nominally steady freestream conditions that bracketed a corresponding 50% surging amplitude (1.25 ⋅ 105 ≤ Re ≤ 3.75 ⋅ 105). By interpolating these data, unsteady-pitching/quasi-steady-surging data sets were constructed and compared with de facto synchronous pitch and surging experiments, thereby isolating the unsteady effects of surging on a pitching airfoil. Both large and small poststall maximum angles of attack (αs + 5° and αs + 15°) were considered at multiple pitch-surge phase differences. During deep dynamic stall (αs � 15°), with large-scale separation, surging was seen to have a secondary effect on the unsteady aerodynamics. However, at small poststall maximum angles of attack (αs + 5°), either light or deep dynamic stall behavior was observed depending upon the pitch-surge phase difference. This was attributed to Reynolds number history effects, exemplified by boundary-layer transition, and thus it can be referred to as “transitional” dynamic stall. KW - Dynamic stall KW - Angle of attack oscillations KW - Free stream velocity osciallations PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J059153 VL - 58 IS - 12 SP - 5134 EP - 5145 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AN - OPUS4-51037 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strangfeld, Christoph A1 - Müller-Vahl, H. A1 - Nayeri, C. N. A1 - Paschereit, C. O. A1 - Greenblatt, D. T1 - Airfoil in a high amplitude oscillating stream N2 - A combined theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating theoretical predictions relating to a two-dimensional airfoil subjected to high amplitude harmonic oscillation of the free stream at constant angle of attack. Current theoretical approaches were reviewed and extended for the purposes of quantifying the bound, unsteady vortex sheet strength along the airfoil chord. This resulted in a closed form solution that is valid for arbitrary reduced frequencies and amplitudes. In the experiments, the bound, unsteady vortex strength of a symmetric 18 % thick airfoil at low angles of attack was measured in a dedicated unsteady wind tunnel at maximum reduced frequencies of 0.1 and at velocity oscillations less than or equal to 50 %. With the boundary layer tripped near the leading edge and mid-chord, the phase and amplitude variations of the lift coefficient corresponded reasonably well with the theory. Near the maximum lift coefficient overshoot, the data exhibited an additional high-frequency oscillation. Comparisons of the measured and predicted vortex sheet indicated the existence of a recirculation bubble upstream of the trailing edge which sheds into the wake and modifies the Kutta condition. Without boundary layer tripping, a mid-chord bubble is present that strengthens during flow deceleration and its shedding produces a dramatically different effect. Instead of a lift coefficient overshoot, as per the theory, the data exhibit a significant undershoot. This undershoot is also accompanied by high-frequency oscillations that are characterized by the bubble shedding. In summary, the location of bubble and ist subsequent shedding play decisive roles in the resulting temporal aerodynamic loads. KW - vortex shedding KW - aerodynamics KW - general fluid mechanics PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.126 SN - 0022-1120 VL - 2016 IS - 793 SP - 79 EP - 108 AN - OPUS4-35594 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunz, C. A1 - Bonse, Jörn A1 - Spaltmann, Dirk A1 - Neumann, C. A1 - Turchanin, A. A1 - Bartolomé, J. F. A1 - Müller, F. A. A1 - Gräf, S. T1 - Tribological performance of metal-reinforced ceramic composites selectively structured with femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures N2 - The impact of femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on tribological properties was investigated for metal-reinforced ceramic composites (Al2O3-ZrO2-Nb). For this purpose, the metallic niobium (Nb) phase was selectively structured with LIPSS in an air environment with different values of the fs-laser peak fluence by near-infrared fs-laser radiation (λ = 1025 nm, τ = 300 fs, frep = 1 kHz), taking advantage of the different light absorption behavior of ceramic and metal. The tribological performance was evaluated by reciprocating sliding tests in a ball-on-disc configuration using Ringer's solution as lubricant. The surfaces were characterized before and after laser irradiation by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and by measuring the contact angle with Ringer's solution. The LIPSS formation resulted in an increased wetting of the surface with the lubricant. Moreover, the selectively structured composite surfaces revealed a coefficient of friction significantly reduced by a factor of ~3 when compared to the non-irradiated surface. Furthermore, the formation of a laser-induced oxidation layer was detected with NbO as the most prominent oxidation state. Selectively structured composites with outstanding mechanical properties and enhanced tribological performance are of particular interest for biomedical applications. KW - Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) KW - Femtosecond laser ablation KW - Ceramic matrix composites KW - Tribology PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143917 SN - 0169-4332 SN - 1873-5584 VL - 499 IS - 1 SP - 143917 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-49255 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Hüttig, C. T1 - Zur Alterung von Smalten - Materialuntersuchungen bei der Restaurierung eines Gründerzeit-Mosaiks N2 - Das Mosaik "Muse der Kunst" war in Berlin-Mitte mehrere Jahrzehnte hinter einer Vermauerung verborgen, bevor es nun wiederentdeckt und restauriert wurde. Die Smalten zeigten zum Teil Risse, Verkrustungen und Farbveränderungen in Folge von Alterungsprozessen der historischen Materialien. Einzelne Deckgläser von Goldsmalten waren abgesprengt. PY - 2001 SN - 0933-4017 VL - 107 IS - 3 SP - 194 EP - 199 PB - Callwey CY - München AN - OPUS4-1009 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Georg A1 - Ploska, Ute A1 - Gross, U. A1 - Mesgarian, M. A1 - Müller-Mai, Ch. A1 - Voigt, C. T1 - Tissue response in the femur of rabbits after implantation of a new calcium titanium phosphate composition KW - Bone Bonding KW - Calcium Titanium Phosphate KW - Coated Implants KW - Tissue Response PY - 2001 SN - 1013-9826 VL - 192-195 SP - 383 EP - 386 PB - Trans Tech Publ. CY - Aedermannsdorf AN - OPUS4-1044 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Wolfgang A1 - Torge, Manfred A1 - Adam, Karin A1 - Feldmann, Ines A1 - Möhrle, G. A1 - Mueller-Winitschke, C. T1 - Reinigung mittelalterlicher Glasmalereien KW - Kulturguterhaltung KW - Airbrasive KW - Rasterelektronenmikroskopie PY - 2001 SN - 0933-4017 VL - 107 IS - 8 SP - 620 EP - 625 PB - Callwey CY - München AN - OPUS4-3245 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spange, St. A1 - Müller, H. A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Bellmann, C. T1 - Fabrication of carbon/silica hybrid materials using cationic polymerization and the sol-gel process PY - 2002 SN - 1022-1360 SN - 0258-0322 SN - 1521-3900 VL - 177 IS - 1 SP - 111 EP - 124 PB - Wiley-VCH Verl. CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-11017 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maul, Ronald A1 - Müller, C. A1 - Rieß, Stephanie A1 - Koch, Matthias A1 - Methner, F.-J. A1 - Nehls, Irene T1 - Germination induces the glucosylation of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in various grains N2 - In food, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) often occurs in conjunction with its 3-β-D-glucopyranoside (D3G). The transformation of DON to D3G through glucosylation is catalysed by plant enzymes, however, the exact circumstances are not well understood. In order to investigate the role of enzymatic glucosylation in germinating grains, DON treated kernels were steeped and germinated under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the effect of malting on the DON content of the contaminated barley was investigated. In all cases, DON and its derivatives were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS before, during and after the experiments. Amongst the six tested cereals; wheat, rye, barley, spelt, and millet transformed DON to D3G during germination whilst the oats were inactive. For wheat, barley, and spelt the initial DON content was reduced by 50%, with the loss being almost entirely accounted for by D3G formation. As D3G might be cleaved during digestion, the elevated D3G concentration may obscure the toxicologically relevant DON content in processed food and beer. The germination process has a major influence on the 'masking' of DON, leading to high quantities of D3G that may be missed in common mycotoxin analyses. KW - Mycotoxins KW - Masked mycotoxins KW - Deoxynivalenol (DON) KW - DON-3-glucoside KW - Acetyl-DON KW - Germination KW - Malting PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.077 SN - 0308-8146 VL - 131 IS - 1 SP - 274 EP - 279 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ; Jena AN - OPUS4-25732 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pavlovic, Mato A1 - Müller, Christina A1 - Ewert, Uwe A1 - Ronneteg, U. A1 - Pitkänen, J. A1 - Boller, C. T1 - Safe product design - the role of the NDT reliability analysis N2 - Im Zuge der Anwendung des Schadens-Toleranz-Prinzips wird ein adäquates zerstörungsfreies Prüfsystem benötigt um strukturelle Integrität sicher zu stellen. Wenn ein zerstörungsfreies Prüfsystem jedoch bis zu den Grenzen der Detektionsfähigkeit beansprucht wird, liefert es keine übereinstimmende Indikationen der Defektentdeckung (Hit/Miss). Deshalb wird dessen Fähigkeit Defekte zu entdecken als Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit (POD Probability of Detection) ausgedrückt. In der herkömmlichen 'Signal Response' Signal-Antwort-Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse wird die Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit als eine Funktion der Defektgröße angegeben. Die Eignung des Prüfsystems wird durch den Vergleich der Größe des Defektes, der zuverlässig entdeckt wird, mit der des größten zulässigen Defektes, der die strukturelle Integrität nicht gefährdet, verifiziert. Analysen moderner Strukturen zeigen aber, dass auch andere Parameter den Schweregrad des Defektes bzgl. der Integrität der Struktur bestimmen können. Im Rahmen der Multi-Parameter-Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse kann die Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit als eine Funktion verschiedener Einflussparameter ausgedrückt werden. Wenn die Eignung des zerstörungsfreien Prüfsystems bestimmt wird, muss die Fähigkeit des Systems Defekte zu entdecken gegenüber dem kritischen Wert genau des Parameters ausgedrückt und geprüft werden, der den Schweregrad des Defektes für die Integrität der Struktur bestimmt. Die Nichterfüllung dieser Forderung kann zur Ablehnung von intakten Teilen oder der Akzeptanz von schlechten Teilen führen. Das Prinzip wird anhand von longitudinalen Ultraschall-Sende-Empfangs-Prüfdaten der Gußeisenmatrix mit oberflächenoffenen, semi-elliptischen, rißartigen Defekten demonstriert. KW - POD KW - TRL-UT PY - 2013 DO - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110434 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 55 IS - 4 SP - 270 EP - 275 PB - Hanser CY - München AN - OPUS4-28829 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vercoutère, C. A1 - Müller, K. A1 - Chiotti, L. A1 - Nespoulet, R. A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Reiche, I. T1 - Rectangular beads from the final gravettian level of the Abri Pataud: raw material identification and its archaeological implications N2 - The Final Gravettian level (level 2) of the abri Pataud (Dordogne, France) yielded a large assemblage of body ornaments that consists essentially of 85 quite standardized rectangular beads. Some uncertainty remained about the raw material in which these small beads were made: mammoth ivory, reindeer antler or bone? Non-invasive methods were employed in order to determine the raw material. First chemical analyses using microbeam Proton Induced X-ray Emission analysis (microPIXE) did not enable us to conclude definitively. Therefore, synchrotron and laboratory X-ray microtomography (microCT) were applied on eight beads and allowed us to identify ivory for all of them except for one, which shows slightly different morphological features. KW - Abri Pataud KW - Gravettien final KW - Ivoire de mammouth KW - MicroPIXE KW - MicroCT KW - Perles rectangulaires KW - Final Gravettian KW - Mammoth ivory KW - Rectangular beads PY - 2011 SN - 1960-1360 VL - 35 SP - 259 EP - 271 PB - Presses Univ. de Rennes CY - Rennes AN - OPUS4-26250 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Larissa A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Hösl, Simone A1 - Scheler, C. A1 - Roos, P.H. A1 - Linscheid, M.W. T1 - Comparison of different chelates for lanthanide labeling of antibodies and application in a Western blot immunoassay combined with detection by laser ablation (LA-)ICP-MS N2 - We have developed lanthanide labeling strategies for antibodies to adapt conventional biochemical workflows like Western blot immunoassays for detection by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis with a special interest to apply the multi-element capabilities of ICP-MS for the design of multiplexed immunoassays. In this paper the lanthanide labeling of antibodies with MeCAT was investigated and the reaction conditions were optimized for application in a Western blot immunoassay analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Furthermore, the MeCAT labeling strategy was compared with two other commercially available labeling reagents, MAXPAR™ and SCN-DOTA. As a proof-of-principle experiment chemically induced alterations of cytochrome P450 protein expression were investigated and the suitability of the differentially labeled antibodies for Western blot immunoassays of a complex liver microsomal protein fraction was tested. Limits of detection (LODs) in the lower fmol range were reached in the Western blot application using MeCAT and MAXPAR™ as element labeling reagents, whereas even sub-fmol LODs can be achieved in a dot blot experiment for the pure antibodies. PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ja30068k SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 N1 - Geburtsname von Müller, Larissa: Wäntig, L. - Birth name of Müller, Larissa: Wäntig, L. N1 - Geburtsname von Hösl, Simone: Hardt, S. - Birth name of Hösl, Simone: Hardt, S. VL - 27 IS - 8 SP - 1311 EP - 1320 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-26256 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -