TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Perrone, C. A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Gardei, André A1 - Ziegert, C. ED - Drochytka, R. ED - Bohus, S. T1 - Structural performances of earthen building materials. A comparison between different typologies N2 - Traditional construction techniques utilizing earthen materials are often seen as inferior compared to modern ways of building. Structural earthen elements are perceived as vulnerable towards environmental influences (moisture, frost) and in particular towards the load scenarios during earthquakes. In comparison to the recent advances in research on stone and brick masonry, knowledge on the structural performance of earthen building construction is limited and scattered. Consequently the confidence in the performance of these earthen buildings constructed in the traditional techniques during earthquakes is fairly low. The research presented here aims to make a comparison of mechanical behavior between different earth masonry material typologies, consisting of earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob. The paper has been developed in the framework of a larger research program called NIKER. BAM and other seventeen research partners from the Mediterrean area are jointly involved to develop and validate innovative materials and technologies for the systemic improvement of the seismic behavior of Cultural Heritage assets T2 - 2nd WTA - Internaitonal PhD Symposium - Building materials and buidling technology to preserve the built heritage CY - Brno, Czech Republic DA - 06.10.2011 KW - Earth masonry KW - Material test KW - Mechanical behavior KW - Cultural heritage PY - 2011 SN - 978-3-937066-21-9 SN - 0947-6830 N1 - Serientitel: WTA-Schriftenreihe – Series title: WTA-Schriftenreihe VL - 2 / Part 2 IS - 36 SP - 86 EP - 94 PB - WTA Publications AN - OPUS4-24928 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Perrone, C. A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Gardei, André A1 - Ziegert, C. T1 - Comparison of mechanical behavior of different earth masonry typologies in cultural heritage N2 - The paper has been developed in the framework of a larger EC‐research program called NIKER, in which BAM and other seventeen research partners from the Mediterrean area are jointly involved. It aims to develop and validate innovative materials and technologies for the systemic improvement of the seismic behavior of Cultural Heritage assets. The death tolls brought about by recent catastrophes in developing countries where many inhabitants lived in earthen dwellings (Gujarat, India 2001, Bam, Iran 2003 and Concepción, Chile 2010 Earthquakes, Tamil Nadu 2004 Tsunami) have brought about research studies aimed at improving earth construction in terms of strength, seismic resistance and speed of construction. In comparison to the recent advances in research on stone and brick masonry, knowledge on the material properties and failure mechanisms of earthen Building construction is limited and scattered. The research presented here by aims making a comparison of mechanical behaviour between different earth masonry material typologies, consisting of earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob. T2 - WCCE-ECCE-TCCE Joint conference 2 - Seismic protection of cultural heritage CY - Antalya, Turkey DA - 31.10.2011 KW - Earth masonry KW - Material test KW - Cultural heritage KW - Seismic resistance PY - 2011 SN - 978-605-01-0188-1 SP - 25 EP - 36 AN - OPUS4-24836 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Perrone, C. A1 - Ziegert, C. T1 - Vergleich und Modellierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Bauteilen aus Lehmsteinmauerwerk, Wellerlehm und Stampflehm T2 - Lehm 2012 - 6. Internationale Fachtagung für Lehmbau CY - Weimar, Germany DA - 2012-10-05 KW - Stampflehm KW - Lehmstein KW - Mauerwerk KW - Wellerlehm KW - Mechanische Eigenschaften PY - 2012 SN - 978-3-00-039649-6 IS - Session C SP - 320 EP - 331 AN - OPUS4-26936 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Müller, Urs A1 - Perrone, C. A1 - Ziegert, C. T1 - Earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob: earthen components from different construction techniques and their structural performance N2 - Both in developed and developing countries, modern building materials tend to be preferred to traditional earthen construction. Reasons include low durability, inadequate performance under seismic loading and, in developing countries, a wish to replace what is perceived as 'poor' with what is perceived as 'rich'. In an age when building permissions and construction standards are a must, particularly in seismic areas, even when an owner is willing to build in earth, construction approval needs to be granted: we rely on values and standards to build, but the necessary data on material properties and structural performance of earthen building techniques is scarce if compared to the abundance of data for other materials (clay brick masonry, concrete, steel) available to the engineer. At the same time, traditional builders' skills, knowledge and confidence in earthen building techniques are decreasing if not disappearing. A wallette testing campaign was thus carried out with the aim of filling this knowledge gap. Prior to the wallette campaign, material properties, including composition and physical-mechanical parameters, were determined. Compression and diagonal compression (shear) tests were then performed, and a basic analysis of the mechanical behaviour of structural elements built in cob is provided in relation to earth block (adobe) masonry and rammed earth elements. Cob, shown to have low compressive resistance, has a relatively ductile post-peak behaviour if compared to earth block masonry specimens which, as expected, show a marked brittle behaviour. In terms of shear strength, cob performs relatively well in view of its low compressive strength. The study is part of our work within the framework of the ongoing project NIKER funded by the European Commission dealing with improving the structural performance of Cultural Heritage assets in order to limit earthquake hazards. T2 - Terra 2012 - 11th International conference on the study and conservation of earthen architecture heritage CY - Lima, Peru DA - 2012-04-22 KW - Earth block KW - Rammed earth KW - Cob KW - Mechanical properties KW - Earthen architecture KW - Earth block masonry PY - 2012 SN - 978-9972-2885-5-5 IS - Theme 6 - t6_066 SP - 1 EP - 10 AN - OPUS4-30380 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Fontana, Patrick A1 - Ziegert, C. A1 - Müller, P. ED - Modena, C. ED - da Porto, F. ED - Valluzzi, M. R. T1 - Calibration of partial safety factors for earth block masonry under compression loading N2 - The goal of the present study is to assess the feasibility to develop a first reliable database of materials parameters for Earth Block Masonry (EBM). The database is crucial when defining the materials safety factors. In the first part an experimental campaign of compressive tests were carried out on two types of earth block and two types of earth mortar. The results showed that the mean variation of the compressive strength was remarkably less than expected. This low variation is related to a production with high quality standards of the materials employed. In the second part a partial safety factor for EBM under uniaxial compression was determined through the reliability method. The results proved the reliability of a common calculation method for EBM based on partial safety factors following the current standards. T2 - IB2MAC 2016 - 16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference CY - Padua, Italy DA - 26.06.2016 KW - earth block masonry KW - partial safety factors KW - uniaxial compression test PY - 2016 SN - 978-1-138-02999-6 SP - 857 EP - 864 PB - CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-37145 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Miccoli, Lorenzo A1 - Müller, U. A1 - Silva, B. A1 - Da Porto, F. A1 - Hracov, S. A1 - Pospisil, S. A1 - Adami, C.-E. A1 - Vintzileou, E. A1 - Vasconcelos, G. A1 - Poletti, E. ED - Jasienko, J. T1 - Overview of different strengthening techniques applied on walls used in historical structures T2 - SAHC 2012 - 8th International conference on structural analysis of historical constructions CY - Wroclaw, Poland DA - 2012-10-15 KW - Stone masonry KW - Brick masonry KW - Earthen materials KW - Half timbered walls KW - Grouting PY - 2012 SN - 978-83-7125-216-7 SN - 0860-2395 VL - 3 SP - 2870 EP - 2878 PB - DWE CY - Wroclaw, Poland AN - OPUS4-27275 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -