TY - JOUR A1 - Dietz, Georg A1 - Brahms, I. A1 - Eser, T. A1 - Hahn, Oliver T1 - Dürer´s early master drawings - A technical analysis of his inks and papers N2 - A research project sponsored by tbe German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) examined 47 of Albrecht Dürer 's early works on paper. These works, whicb baue posedprovocalive questions regarding their art bistorical Interpretation, were investigated with regard to tbe composition of tbe drawing media. In this study, early works refer to drawings that originated prior to tbe arlist's secondItalian journey (1505-07). Tbe tise of identical or uniformly composed drawing media as well as similar or identical paper could be demonstrated in drawings with closely relatedbistorical origins, like tbe series of ‘Costume' motifs. Otber early drawings with even greater Image uniformity revealed, on tbe otber band, several drawing media of either tbe Same type (different iron galt inks) or different types (iron galt ink as well as carbon black ink) and even apparent mixtures of tbetwo. Tbe 'vistial uniformity' ofa drawing does not in any way determine tbe use ofa single drawing media. On tbe otber band differences in colour tone in an iron galt ink drawing do not necessarily indicate inks ofvarying Chemical composition but can be a result of possible ageingpbenomena. Comprebensive comparisons between drawings of different collections are often difficult because of tbeir differing storage and Conservation bistories. Dating by watermark tbrougb reference to tbe ‘group representatives' establisbed by Meder and Strauss is, by today’s Standards, not reliable because such watermark groups often** mg togetber individual watermarks ranging over several decades. Tbe comparison of watermarks by Consulting current wa&mark databases sbould, in fact, be tbe basis of discussion. KW - Drawings iron KW - Gall inks KW - Carbon inks KW - Paper KW - X-ray fluorescence analysis PY - 2013 SN - 1868-0860 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 5 EP - 14 PB - Seidel CY - Stuttgart AN - OPUS4-29098 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brahms, I. A1 - Dietz, Georg A1 - Dietz, G.J. A1 - Edmondson, K. A1 - Eser, T. A1 - Hahn, Oliver A1 - Kosek, J. A1 - Singer, H. ED - Buck, S. ED - Porras, S. T1 - Art and Science: Analysing Dürer's early pen-and-ink drawings N2 - In a footnote to his first scholarly publication of 1915, Erwin Panofsky wrote that the use of “identical” ink positively “conipelled” him to believe that some scattered drawings by Dürer were definitely executed at the same time,around 1508.1 The question is, how far was Panofsky able to recognise the identity and similarity of the inks concerned,since such Classification by the human eye is discretionary by its very natu re? This essay presents new technical research undertaken collaboratively on Dürer’s early drawings in a number of leading collections of the artist’s work. The project aimed to contribute to particular questions, such as that presented by Panofsky above, but also to enrich our understanding of the young Dürer’s approach to the medium of drawing in general. KW - Albrecht Dürer KW - Drawings KW - Iron gall ink KW - X-ray fluorescence PY - 2013 SN - 978-1-907372-53-7 SN - 978-1-907372-51-3 SP - 89 EP - 105 PB - Paul Holberton publishing CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-29658 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -