TY - JOUR A1 - Bahlmann, Arnold A1 - Brack, W. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Krauss, M. T1 - Carbamazepine and its metabolites in wastewater: Analytical pitfalls and occurrence in Germany and Portugal N2 - The occurrence of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolites in German and Portuguese wastewater was investigated. A total of 46 samples from influent and effluent wastewater were analyzed by liquid-chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry. The five metabolites 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-CBZ (DiOH-CBZ), 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-CBZ (10-OH-CBZ), 10,11-epoxy-10,11-dihydro-CBZ, 2-hydroxy-CBZ and 3-hydroxy-CBZ were very persistent with little to no removal during wastewater treatment. The highest concentrations were found for CBZ, DiOH-CBZ, and 10-OH-CBZ, with up to 5.0, 4.8 and 1.1 µg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the related pharmaceutical oxcarbazepine and the metabolites 9-hydroxymethyl-10-carbamoylacridan, 1-hydroxy-CBZ (1-OH-CBZ) and 4-hydroxy-CBZ (4-OH-CBZ) were detected. Explicit care was taken to achieve a good chromatographic separation of the numerous isomers that were difficult to distinguish by mass spectrometry alone. A phenylether stationary phase provided the best separation. In combination with high resolution mass spectrometry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange, this LC column enabled us to identify 1-OH-CBZ and 4-OH-CBZ in wastewater for the first time. KW - Carbamazepine KW - Hydroxycarbamazepine KW - Metabolite KW - Wastewater KW - Pharmaceutical KW - LC–MS/MS PY - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.022 SN - 0043-1354 VL - 57 SP - 104 EP - 114 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-30615 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -