TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Patrick A1 - Morys, Michael A1 - Sut, Aleksandra A1 - Jäger, Christian A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Melamine poly(zinc phosphate) as flame retardant in epoxy resin: Decomposition pathways, molecular mechanisms and morphology of fire residues N2 - Synergistic multicomponent systems containing melamine poly(metal phosphate)s have been recently proposed as flame retardants. This work focuses on the decomposition pathways, molecular mechanisms and morphology of the fire residues of epoxy resin (EP) flame retarded with melamine poly(zinc phosphate) (MPZnP) to explain the modes of action and synergistic effects with selected synergists (melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and AlO(OH), respectively). The total load of flame retardants was always 20 wt.%. The decomposition pathways were investigated in detail via thermogravimetric Analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fire residues were investigated via elemental analysis und solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The morphology of intumescent fire residues was investigated via micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. EP + (MPZnP + MPP) formed a highly voluminous residue that showed structural features of both EP + MPZnP and EP + MPP, resulting in a highly effective protection layer. EP + (MPZnP + AlO(OH)) preserved the entire quantity of phosphorus content during combustion due to the Formation of Zn₂P₂O₇ and AlPO₄. KW - Melamine poly(metal phosphate) KW - Flame retardancy KW - Epoxy resin KW - Solid-state NMR KW - Micro-computed tomography KW - Fire residue PY - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.023 SN - 0141-3910 VL - 130 SP - 307 EP - 319 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-36863 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Morys, Michael A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Revealing the inner secrets of intumescent chars by advanced small scale tests combined with µ-CT N2 - Testing of intumescent coatings for Steel is usually done in intermediate scale or even full scale experiments and is hence quite expensive. We developed two complementary small scale tests, simulating fully developed Tire. First is a strongly modified electrical muffle furnace, which is now able to follow the Standard temperature-time curve (according EN 1363-1) for 90 min in a very accurate manner. Düring the experiment backside temperatures are recorded and the growth of the char is observed with a custom made high temperature endoscope. Second is a testing apparatus based on a propane-oxygen-bumer for direct severe flame impingement of coated samples, reaching temperatures far above 1500 °C. Our small scale samples are coated Steel plates of a size of 75 x 75 x 2 mm3. The structure-propertyrelation between additives, thermal properties and morphology of the char were examined using a well determined series of samples consisting of basic composition mixed with different additives. With the burner-testing-apparatus we studied the behavior of a high performance coating, which shows a transformation of the carbonaceous char into a ceramic foam at temperatures as high as 1600 °C. Nondestructive micro-computed tomography was used to characterize the morphology of the char. According to the structure of the foams we used different analytic methods like cell-detection or wallthickness-analysis. Additional scanning electron and optical microscopy were performed. The combination of the CT-data with the measured backside temperatures of the different samples provides us a deep understanding of the interaction between isolating properties and morphology of intumescent chars. T2 - Fire and materials 2015 - 14th International conference and exhibition CY - San Francisco, CA, USA DA - 02.02.2015 PY - 2015 SP - 478 EP - 483 PB - Interscience Communications AN - OPUS4-32710 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morys, Michael A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Revealing the inner secrets of intumescence: Advanced standard time temperature oven (STT Mufu+)—my‐computed tomography approach N2 - Intumescent coatings have been used for fire protection of steel for decades, but there is still a need for improvement and adaptation. The key parameters of such coatings in a fire Scenario are thermal insulation, foaming dynamics, and cohesion. The fire resistance tests, large furnaces applying the standard time temperature (STT) curve, demand coated full‐scale components or intermediate‐scale specimen. The STT Mufu+ (standard time temperature muffle furnace+) approach is presented. It is a recently developed bench‐scale testing method to analyze the performance of intumescent coatings. The STT Mufu+ provides vertical testing of specimens with reduced specimen size according to the STT curve. During the experiment, the foaming process is observed with a high‐temperature endoscope. Characteristics of this technique like reproducibility and resolution are presented and discussed. The STT Mufu+ test is highly efficient in comparison to common tests because of the reduced sample size. Its potential is extended to a superior research tool by combining it with advanced residue analysis (μ‐computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy) and mechanical testing. The benefits of this combination are demonstrated by a case study on 4 intumescent coatings. The evaluation of all collected data is used to create performance‐based rankings of the tested coatings. KW - Bench‐scale fire testing KW - Computed tomography KW - Fire resistance KW - Intumescence KW - Residue analysis KW - Standard time temperature furnace PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2426 SN - 0308-0501 SN - 1099-1018 VL - 41 IS - 8 SP - 927 EP - 939 PB - Wiley AN - OPUS4-42754 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morys, Michael A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Size is not all that matters: Residue thickness and protection performance of intumescent coatings made from different binders N2 - In addition to the acid source, charring agent, and blowing agent, the binder is a crucial part of an intumescent coating. Its primary task is to bind all compounds, but it also acts as a carbon source and influences the foaming process. A series of intumescent coatings based on five different binders was investigated in terms of insulation, foaming, mechanical impact resistance, and residue morphology. The Standard Time-Temperature modified Muffle Furnace (STT MuFu+ ) was used for the bench-scale fire resistance tests and provided data on temperature and residue thickness as well as well-defined residues. The residue morphology was analyzed by nondestructive m-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. A moderate influence of the binder on insulation performance was detected in the set of coatings investigated, whereas the foaming dynamics and thickness achieved were affected strongly. In addition, the inner structure of the residues showed a rich variety. High expansion alone did not guarantee good insulation. Furthermore, attention was paid to the relation between the microstructure transition induced by carbon loss due to thermo-oxidation of the char and the development of the thermal conductivity and thickness of the coatings during the fire test. KW - Intumescence KW - Morphology analysis KW - Computed tomography KW - Fire resistance KW - Bench-scale fire test KW - Fire protective coating PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0734904117709479 SN - 0734-9041 SN - 1530-8049 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 284 EP - 302 PB - Sage AN - OPUS4-40766 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morys, Michael A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Sturm, Heinz A1 - Schartel, Bernhard T1 - Variation of intumescent coatings revealing different modes of action for good protection performance N2 - Thermal insulation and mechanical resistance play a crucial role for the performance of an intumescent coating. Both properties depend strongly on the morphology and morphological development of the foamed residue. Small amounts (4 wt%) of fiberglass, clay and a copper salt, respectively, are incorporated into an intumescent coating to study their influence on the morphology and Performance of the residues. The bench scale fire tests were performed on 75 x 75 x 2 mm³ coated steel plates according to the standard time–temperature curve in the Standard Time Temperature Muffle Furnace+ (STT Mufu+). It provided information about foaming dynamics (expansion rates) and thermal insulation. Adding the copper salt halved the expansion height, whereas the clay and fiberglass Change the height of the residue only moderately. The time to reach 500 °C was improved by 31% for clay and 15% for the other two fillers. Nondestructive micro computed tomography is used to assess the inner structure of the residues. A transition of the residue from a black, carbonaceous foam with closed cells into an inorganic, residual open cell sponge occurs at high temperatures. This transition is due to a loss of carbon; the change in microstructure is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Additional mechanical tests are performed and interpreted with respect to the results of the morphology analysis. Adding clay or copper salt improved the mechanical resistance tested by a factor 4. The additives significantly influence the thickness and foaming Dynamics as well as the inner structure of the residues, whereas their influence on insulation Performance is moderate. In conclusion, different modes of action are observed to achieve similar insulation performance during the fire test. KW - Intumescence KW - Coating KW - Bench scale fire testing KW - Computed tomography KW - Fire resistance PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-017-0649-z SN - 0015-2684 SN - 1572-8099 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 1569 EP - 1587 PB - Springer AN - OPUS4-40751 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Jasiûniene, Elena A1 - Recknagel, Christoph A1 - Weidemann, Gerd T1 - Quantitative Porosimetrie mittels Röntgencomputertomographie N2 - Die sehr gute Reproduzierbarkeit von tomographischen Messungen zusammen mit den digital vorliegenden Ergebnissen ermöglicht die zerstörungsfreie dreidimensionale quantitative Analyse der untersuchten Bauteile und Proben mit Methoden der Bildverarbeitung. Vorwiegend für den Nachweis von Poren eingesetzt, lassen sich mit CT auch unterschiedliche Materialbestandteile analysieren, wobei die einzige Voraussetzung ein hinreichender Unterschied (es genügen wenige Prozent) in den Röntgenabsorptionseigenschaften der zu unterscheidenden Bestandteile ist. Mit den in der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung entwickelten Computertomographieanlagen kann der Anteil von Hohlräumen und Materialbestandteilen einer Probe bestimmt werden, wobei die Größe der nachzuweisenden Bestandteile sich über mehrere Größenordnungen erstreckt. An ausgewählten Beispielen aus den Bereichen Keramik, Bodenproben und Fahr-bahnübergangssystemen aus Asphalt werden die quantitativen Ergebnisse dargestellt und die in der Bestandteilanalyse erreichbare Genauigkeit diskutiert. T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2000 CY - Innsbruck, Österreich DA - 2000-05-29 PY - 2000 UR - http://www.ndt.net/abstract/dgzfp00/data/17.htm SN - 3-931381-32-3 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 1-(?)-8(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-922 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - 320 kV Mikrofokusröntgenröhre und Flächendetektor, eine Kombination für die 3D-CT? T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2003 CY - Mainz, Deutschland DA - 2003-05-26 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp03/papers/v27/v27.htm SN - 3-931381-47-1 N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. IS - 83-CD SP - 1 EP - 7(?) PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2874 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - Experiences in using a 320 kV micro focus X-ray tube and a large sized amorphous silicon detector for 3D-CT N2 - A novel 3D-CT scanner was set up at BAM to extend the applicability of the X-ray transmission microtomography (µ-CT) to specimens up to 30 cm in diameter. The scanner consists of a bipolar 320 kV micro focus tube and a flat panel detector of amorphous silicon. Minimisation of scattered radiation, control of room and system temperature, and corrective preprocessing on the projection data are necessary to achieve expectable CT images. Statistical evaluations to show the limits and results of CT investigations are reported. T2 - International Symposium on Computed Tomography and Image Processing for Industrial Radiology CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-06-23 PY - 2003 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/ct2003/v06/v06.htm SN - 3-931381-48-X N1 - Serientitel: DGZfP-Proceedings BB – Series title: DGZfP-Proceedings BB IS - 84-CD SP - 53 EP - 59 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2875 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Hort, N. A1 - Potzies, C. A1 - Frank, H. ED - Kainer, K. U. T1 - Non-Destructive Testing of Cast Magnesium Alloys by Computerized Tomography N2 - Summary Beside several favourable properties, like high specific strength and damping capacity, most magnesium alloys also exhibit an excellent castability and are therefore usually fabricated by high pressure die casting. Due to the high casting speed, the melt flow is non-laminar and air can be entrapped during the casting process causing porosity when the melt solidifies. The volume fraction of porosity can be up to 4%. Porosity highly influences the mechanical properties, reducing significantly the values of elongation, tensile strength and especially fatigue strength [1-5]. Additionally, no heat treatment is possible to reach the optimum mechanical properties of the material. An alternative casting technology to reduce porosity is the Thixomolding process where the material is cast in the semi-solid state. Different methods of non-destructive testing are possible to detect and remove affected components to ensure using components with a low content of porosity. One alternative of evaluating the porosity is the computerized tomography (CT). The CT enables a 3-dimensional view of the cast component. T2 - 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications CY - Wolfsburg, Germany DA - 2003-11-18 PY - 2003 SN - 3-527-30975-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/3527603565.ch119 VL - 6 SP - 746 EP - 751 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim AN - OPUS4-3166 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Dietrich, H.-G. A1 - Neuhaus, M. ED - Brücker, C. T1 - Drucksondierungen, teufengenaue Probenahme und Präparation MKW-kontaminierter Lockersedimente T2 - 5. Workshop "Bohrlochgeophysik und Gesteinsphysik" CY - Hannover, Deutschland DA - 1999-10-07 PY - 2000 SN - 0947-1944 VL - 3 SP - 12 EP - 17 AN - OPUS4-1036 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - First refraction enhanced 3D computed tomography T2 - International Symposium on Computed Tomography and Image Processing for Industrial Radiology CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2003-06-23 PY - 2003 SN - 3-931381-48-X N1 - Serientitel: DGZfP-Proceedings BB – Series title: DGZfP-Proceedings BB IS - 84-CD PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2519 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard T1 - Metallische Schäume: Dichte, Porenverteilung und Verschiebungsfelder im 3D aus Microtomographiedaten T2 - 12. Arbeitstagung "Quantitative Bildanalyse" CY - Darmstadt, Germany DA - 2003-05-16 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3804 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard T1 - Digitale Detektionssysteme in der Röntgentechnik - kenngrößen, Eigenschaften und Einsatzgebiete T2 - DGZfP, 114. Sitzung des Arbeitskreises Stuttgart CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2003-09-15 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3811 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard T1 - Flächendetektoren und Röntgenstrahlung, was man bei der Anwendung für die CT berücksichtigen sollte T2 - 8. Frauenhofer IPA Anwenderforum Rapid Product Development CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2003-09-17 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-3812 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weidemann, Gerd A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Wolk, Thomas A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich T1 - Computed tomography experiments at BAMline PY - 2004 UR - http://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/media/media/oea/web/pr_webseite/druckschriften/berichte/bessy/annualreport2003.pdf#page=403 SN - 0179-4159 SP - 403 EP - 404 PB - Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-3512 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Weidemann, Gerd A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Dittrich, R. A1 - Mangler, M. A1 - Tomandl, G. T1 - Charakterisierung von Gradientenwerkstoffen mittels hochauflösender Computertomographie T2 - Jahrestagung Zerstörungsfreie Materialprüfung 2001 CY - Berlin, Deutschland DA - 2001-05-21 PY - 2001 UR - http://www.ndt.net/article/dgzfp01/papers/p16/p16.htm N1 - Serientitel: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. – Series title: Berichtsband / Deutsche Gesellschaft für zerstörungsfreie Prüfung e. V. IS - 75-CD PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-1128 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Bamberg, J. A1 - Heutling, F. T1 - 3D Refraction Computed Tomography Applied to Metal Matrix Composites N2 - For the first time Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) have been investigated by 3D Computed Tomography combined with enhanced interface contrast due to X-ray refraction. X-ray refraction is a relatively new approach for the characterization of advanced materials. The related techniques of Refraction Topography and Refraction Computed Tomography have been developed and applied at our laboratory during the last decade to meet the actual demand for improved nondestructive characterization of high performance composites, ceramics and other low density materials and components. X-ray refraction occurs, when X-rays crosses interfaces of spherical or cylindrical shape (e.g. pores or fibres) in the same way as visible light is refracted by lenses. These X-ray optical effects can be observed at small scattering angles of few minutes of arc as the refractive index n of X-rays is nearly unity (n = 1 – 10-6). Due to the short X-ray wavelength of about 0.1 nm the technique determines the amount of inner surfaces and interfaces of nanometer dimensions. The technique is expected to solve many problems in understanding the meaning of micro and sub micro structures in materials science. With the results of the CT investigation, some questions could be clarified for a better understanding of fatigue failure mechanisms under cyclic loading conditions. The specimens for the test programme have been provided by MTU Aero Engines. They consist of a titanium matrix (Ti6242) reinforced by SiC fibres (SCS6). The investigations have been performed at the materials research station of BAM (BAMline) at the Synchrotron Facility BESSY in Berlin, Germany. T2 - 35th International SAMPE technical conference CY - Dayton, OH, USA DA - 2003-09-28 KW - Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI) KW - Characterization KW - Titanium Metal Matrix Composites (Ti-MMC) KW - Ti6242 KW - SCS6 PY - 2003 SN - 0-938994-95-6 PB - SAMPE CY - Covina, Calif. AN - OPUS4-2780 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jasiûniene, Elena A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen ED - Green, R. E. ED - Djordjevic, B. B. ED - Hentschel, M. P. T1 - Use of 3D Micro Tomography for the Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Cellular Metals PY - 2003 SN - 3-540-40154-7 SP - 235 EP - 242 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2767 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Artemiev, Valentin M. A1 - Naumov, A. ED - Green, R. E. ED - Djordjevic, B. B. ED - Hentschel, M. P. T1 - Characterization of material structure by dynamic tomography T2 - 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2002-06-24 PY - 2003 SN - 3-540-40154-7 N1 - Geburtsname von Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger: Tillack, G.-R. - Birth name of Jaenisch, Gerd-Rüdiger: Tillack, G.-R. SP - 243 EP - 250 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-2768 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Bamberg, J. A1 - Heutling, F. T1 - Micro Crack Characterization of Metal Matrix Composites by 3D-Refraction-Computed-Tomography T2 - 16th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing CY - Montreal, Canada DA - 2004-08-30 KW - NDE KW - X-ray refraction KW - Composites KW - MMC PY - 2004 SP - 9 pages PB - International Committee for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Montreal AN - OPUS4-5486 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Badde, Aurelia A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard ED - Salimbeni, R. T1 - 3D - my CT reveals the work processes of cast plaster statues, their internal structures, damages and restorations T2 - Optical Methods for Arts and Archaeology CY - Munich, Germany DA - 2005-06-13 KW - Cast plaster statues KW - Computerized tomography KW - 3D-micro-CT KW - Internal structure KW - Conservation KW - Restoration PY - 2005 SN - 0-8194-5857-0 N1 - Serientitel: Proceedings of SPIE – Series title: Proceedings of SPIE IS - 5857 SP - 58570U-1 - 58570U-8 PB - SPIE CY - Bellingham AN - OPUS4-11259 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Bamberg, J. A1 - Heutling, F. T1 - X-Ray Refraction Topography and Computed Tomography for NDE of Lightweight Materials T2 - 9th European Conference on NDT CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2006-09-25 KW - Synchrotron Refraction CT KW - MMC KW - Bragg-Magnification PY - 2006 SN - 3-931381-86-2 SP - 1(?) EP - 9(?) PB - European Federation for Non-Destructive Testing CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-13703 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard T1 - Der Linac, der Kopf von Kythera, und die Gießereitechnik T2 - Jahrestagung der DGZfP CY - Dresden, Germany DA - 2013-05-05 PY - 2013 AN - OPUS4-28491 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Badde, Aurelia A1 - Michaelis, Matthias A1 - Berger, U. A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - Einsatz von mobilen Röntgenuntersuchungsmethoden im Museum. Zwei Fallbeispiele. N2 - Zwei Bildhauermodelle aus dem Georg-Kolbe-Museum Berlin standen zur Restaurierung an. Das kleinere, 'Lucino' (1920), 41cm, wurde hochauflösend mit CT gemessen, da mittels CT sowohl der Herstellungsprozeß einer Gipsstatue als auch der innere Zustand, wie Ergänzungen, Klebungen und Armierungen, festgestellt werden können. Aus den CT Bildern ergab sich eine für die vorher vermutete Gipszusammensetzung ungewöhnliche innere Struktur. Mit einer Freihand bedienten Röntgenpistole zur Messung der Röntgenfluoreszenz wurde daraufhin die Zusammensetzung des Materials der Statuette als Terracotta bestimmt. Durch den Einsatz von Helium als Spülmittel konnten auch leichte Materialien nachgewiesen und so eine Unterscheidung zwischen Gips und gebranntem Ton durchgeführt werden. Aus den CT Daten wurde eine virtuelle Darstellung der äußeren Geometrie gewonnen. Ein damit versuchsweise erstelltes Replik (Rapid Prototyping, 3D-Drucker, TU-Berlin) entsprach nicht den Anforderungen des Museums zur Erstellung einer Gußform für eine Bronzekleinserie der Statuette. Die zweite Statue, die 'Große Nacht' (1930) ist mit ihrer Größe von 2,12m und aufgrund des durch korrodierende Metallarmierung verursachten Schadensbildes nicht mehr transportfähig. Eine in-situ Untersuchung mit dem mobilen Tomographen, der in den 1980ern zur Untersuchung von Bäumen gebaut und jetzt mit einem modernen Flachdetektor und einer Röntgenröhre ausgestattet ist, wird vorgestellt. Die Möglichkeiten der in-situ CT für große Skulpturen werden anhand der Ergebnisse diskutiert. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2010 CY - Erfurt, Deutschland DA - 2010-05-10 KW - Mobile CT KW - Mobile RFA PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-940283-26-9 IS - DGZfP-BB 122 (P12) SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-24695 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Meinel, Dietmar T1 - Computertomographie für die Schadensanalyse T2 - VDI-Jahrestagung Schadensanalyse CY - Würzburg, Germany DA - 2011-10-19 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-24744 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuka, K. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Fritsch, G. A1 - Joschko, M. A1 - Rogasik, H. A1 - Paschen, M. A1 - Schulz, H. A1 - Seyfarth, M. T1 - Maschinelle Entnahme ungestörter Bodenprobensäulen für die Röntgen-Computertomographie N2 - Haben Sie sich schon einmal überlegt, was unter Ihren Füßen geschieht, wenn Sie über eine Wiese gehen? Könnten Sie beschreiben, wie es im Boden aussieht? Wie ist die Struktur des Bodens, wie breiten sich darin die Wurzeln der Pflanzen aus und wie ist die Wasserverteilung im Porenraum, welche die Umsatzprozesse im Boden bestimmt? Diese Fragen können Sie beantworten, wenn sie die Möglichkeit nutzen, den Boden mittels Computertomographie visuell darzustellen und quantitativ zu analysieren. Dazu müssen Sie aber zunächst nicht nur eine Probe, sondern statistisch relevant viele Proben aus dem Boden entnehmen. Eine Maschine zur zerstörungsfreien Bodenprobenahme ist notwendig. Wir beschreiben hier den Aufbau und den Einsatz eines solchen Gerätes und zeigen erste dadurch gewonnene Makro- & Mikro-Computertomographiebilder. KW - Zerstörungsfreie Bodenproben KW - Computertomographie PY - 2012 SN - 1616-069X SN - 0948-5112 VL - 129 SP - 42 EP - 46 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-25935 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Marco A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - Synchrotron Refraction CT and Synchrotron Bragg Magnification CT for NDE T2 - International Symposium on Digital industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography (DIR 2007) CY - Lyon, France DA - 2007-06-25 KW - X-ray Refraction KW - Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) KW - Bragg Magnification KW - Synchrotron Radiation KW - Computed Tomography (CT) KW - Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) KW - Lightweight Materials KW - Aerospace PY - 2007 IS - CD-ROM SP - 1 EP - 8 CY - Lyon, France AN - OPUS4-16366 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Badde, Aurelia A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard T1 - Three Dimensional Computerized Microtomography in the Analysis of Sculpture KW - Cast plaster statues KW - Three dimensional microtomography KW - Carrara marble sculpture KW - Condition assessment KW - Visualization KW - Internal structures KW - Material flaws KW - Ultrasound computed tomography KW - Correlation KW - Validation PY - 2008 SN - 0161-0457 SN - 1932-8745 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 16 EP - 26 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ AN - OPUS4-17578 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - Synchrotron Refraction CT and Synchrotron Bragg Magnification CT for NDE N2 - X-ray refraction topography techniques are based on ultra-small angle scattering by micro-structural elements causing phase-related effects such as refraction and total reflection at a few minutes of arc as the refractive index of X-rays is nearly unity. The refraction contrast is several times higher than “true absorption” and results in images of cracks, pores and fibre debonding separations below the spatial resolution of the detector. In most cases the investigated inner surface and interface structures correlate to mechanical properties. For the exploration of micro structured materials the refraction technique has been improved by a 3D Synchrotron Refraction Computed Tomography test station. The specimen is placed in an X-ray beam between two single crystals, which suppresses all sample scattering. In addition, an asymmetric cut second crystal can magnify the image up to 50 times revealing nano meter resolution. The technique is an alternative to other attempts on raising the spatial resolution of CT machines. KW - X-ray refraction KW - Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI) KW - Bragg magnification KW - Synchrotron radiation KW - Computed Tomography (CT) KW - Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) KW - Lightweight materials KW - Aerospace PY - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2008.50.6.316 SN - 0007-1137 VL - 50 IS - 6 SP - 316 EP - 319 PB - British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing CY - Northampton AN - OPUS4-18001 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard T1 - Hochauflösende 3D-CT für die virtuelle Rekonstruktion des Schädels von Le Moustier I T2 - Der Neandertaler von Le Moustier Sonderaustellung im Museum für Vor-u. Frühgeschicte, Schloss- Charlottenburg-Langhansbau CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2004-12-04 PY - 2004 AN - OPUS4-4862 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Hort, N. A1 - Potzies, C. A1 - Frank, H. A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen T1 - Non-destructive Testing of Cast Magnesium Alloys by Computerized Tomography T2 - 6th International Conference on Magnesium Alloys and their Applications CY - Wolfsburg, Germany DA - 2003-11-18 PY - 2003 AN - OPUS4-4936 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Bamberg, J. A1 - Heutling, F. T1 - Refraction computed tomography - Application to metal matrix composites N2 - Erstmals wurden MMCs mit Hilfe der Interface-Kontrast verstärkenden Röntgen-Refraktions-Technik in Kombination mit der 3D-CT-Technik untersucht. Die Methode der Röntgen-Refraktions-Topography sowie der Röntgen-Refraktions-Tomography wurden in den letzten Jahren speziell für die zerstörungsfreie Charakterisierung von Leichtbau-Hochleistungs-Werkstoffen wie Verbund-Werkstoffen und Keramiken entwickelt. Die Technik basiert auf der Refraktion von Röntgenlicht an Grenzflächen zwischen Bereichen unterschiedlicher Elektronendichte wie z.B. Faser- und Matrix-Werkstoff. Auf Grund der kurzen Röntgen-Wellenlänge hat der Brechungsindex einen Wert dicht bei eins, sodass der Streuwinkel nur wenige Bogenminuten beträgt. Der Vorteil der kurzen Wellenlänge besteht jedoch darin, dass Poren und Risse detektiert werden können, deren Größe im Nanometerbereich liegen. Damit kann die Refraktions-Technik zum besseren Verständnis von Mikro- und Submikro-Strukturen in der Materialwissenschaft eingesetzt werden. Mit der hier vorgestellten Refraktions-CT wurden Ermüdungsmechanismen an MMCs, bestehend aus SiC-Faser verstärktem Titan (Ti6242) untersucht. Die Messungen wurden am Röntgen-Messplatz der BAM (BAMline) am Synchrotron-Speicherring-BESSY in Berlin Adlershof durchgeführt. KW - X-ray refraction KW - Computed tomography PY - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3139/120.100592 SN - 0025-5300 VL - 46 IS - 6 SP - 314 EP - 319 PB - Carl Hanser Verlag CY - München AN - OPUS4-5870 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuka, K. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Fox, C.A. A1 - Joschko, M. T1 - X-ray computed microtomography for the study of the soil-root relationship in grassland soils N2 - We present results from the analysis of three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography images of undisturbed soil samples in grassland sites. A strong positive correlation between root parameters and the solid surface/solid volume ratio was found. Preliminary analyses suggest that the relationship between soil structure and root patterns is related to the intensity of land management at the grassland sites, with reduced root volumes at sites with increased land use intensity. The exploration of soil structure and its consequences for ecological functions is of prime importance for understanding of the 'critical zone.' In soils, the relationship between soil structure and plant roots—which influences water dynamics in soil—deserves special interest. With X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT), soil structure and roots may be visualized and quantified simultaneously. We analyzed undisturbed soil samples from three grassland sites. After scanning the soil cores with an X-ray micro-CT scanner (resolution 40 µm), roots were delineated from the soil material and soil pore space by means of their X-ray grey value characteristics followed by the use of space transformation during image analyses. To determine efficacy of the X-ray micro-CT to identify roots, root volumes and surfaces were quantified with a standard root washing method showing good correspondence. A strong positive correlation between root volume and surfaces and the solid surface/solid volume ratio was found, with greater root growth in a more aggregated and porous soil. Preliminary analyses suggest that the relationship between soil structure and root patterns is related to the intensity of land management at the grassland sites, with reduced root volumes and surfaces at sites with increased land use intensity. This methodology has substantial potential for further research on management influences on soil structure and root growth across landscapes. KW - X-ray micro-CT KW - CT KW - Computed tomography KW - Micro-CT KW - Computed microtomography KW - Soil structure KW - Grassland sites KW - Plant roots KW - 3D PY - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2013.01.0014 SN - 1539-1663 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 10 CY - Madison, Wis. AN - OPUS4-29643 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Badde, Aurelia A1 - Berger, Ursula A1 - Michaelis, Matthias A1 - Onel, Yener T1 - Einsatz von mobilen Röntgenuntersuchungen im Museum, Zwei Fallbeispiele. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2010 CY - Erfurt, Germany DA - 2010-05-10 PY - 2010 AN - OPUS4-21316 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard T1 - Ganz genau genommen - Anwendungen und Ansichten der industriellen CT T2 - 90. Deutscher Röntgenkongreß CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2009-05-21 PY - 2009 AN - OPUS4-20739 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Meinel, Dietmar T1 - Nondestructive insights into composition of the sculpture of Egyptian Queen Nefertiti with CT and the dependence of object surface from image processing N2 - Precautions in the generation of surfaces from CT images should be the rule. Two different data sets of the bust of Nefertiti and additional data from an industrial CT scanner will show the conflicts that arise when defining a surface. The recent trend in CT is to extract surfaces from CT measurements which can compete with the accuracy of tactile measurements. As CT is complicated by artefacts, a lot of precautions need to be taken in order to get exact results. More errors are introduced, if the surface of an object made from different dense materials is calculated. A publication in April 2009 of "Radiology" dealt with the surface of the stone behind the stucco layer of the famous bust of the Egyptian Queen Nefertiti in the Ägytische Museum Berlin. Using this data, we will show the different problems that arise from inadequate image processing. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of the two CT measurements made 14 years apart is given. Conclusions: Respect the traps in virtual imaging. KW - Image processing (computer-assisted) KW - Computed X ray tomography KW - Artifacts KW - Implants KW - Computertomographie KW - Oberfläche KW - Oberflächenbestimmung PY - 2009 UR - https://www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?id=8043 SN - 1435-4934 VL - 14 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - NDT.net CY - Kirchwald AN - OPUS4-20840 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Joschko, M. A1 - Reinhold, J. A1 - Barkusky, D. A1 - Wiemer, M. A1 - Remus, R. A1 - Busse, J. A1 - Müller, H.-J. A1 - Kiesel, J. A1 - Gleixner, G. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kirchner, M. A1 - Oehley, J. A1 - Gerlach, F. T1 - Wirkung einer organischen Düngung mit Seeschlamm auf sandigem Boden im nordostdeutschen Trockengebiet PY - 2009 SP - 1 EP - 162 CY - Frankfurt/Main AN - OPUS4-20928 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Färber, C. A1 - Titschack, J. A1 - Schönberg, Chr. H. L. A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Boos, K. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Asgaard, U. A1 - Bromley, R. G. A1 - Freiwald, A. A1 - Wisshak, M. ED - Bahn, M. ED - Fennel, K. ED - Kesselmeier, J. ED - Naqvi, S. W. A. T1 - Long-term macrobioerosion in the Mediterranean Sea assessed by micro-computed tomography N2 - Biological erosion is a key process for the recycling of carbonate and the formation of calcareous sediments in the oceans. Experimental studies showed that bioerosion is subject to distinct temporal variability, but previous long-term studies were restricted to tropical waters. Here, we present results from a 14-year bioerosion experiment that was carried out along the rocky limestone coast of the island of Rhodes, Greece, in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, in order to monitor the pace at which bioerosion affects carbonate substrate and the sequence of colonisation by bioeroding organisms. Internal macrobioerosion was visualised and quantified by micro-computed tomography and computer-algorithm-based segmentation procedures. Analysis of internal macrobioerosion traces revealed a dominance of bioeroding sponges producing eight types of characteristic Entobia cavity networks, which were matched to five different clionaid sponges by spicule identification in extracted tissue. The morphology of the entobians strongly varied depending on the species of the producing sponge, its ontogenetic stage, available space, and competition by other bioeroders. An early community developed during the first 5 years of exposure with initially very low macrobioerosion rates and was followed by an intermediate stage when sponges formed large and more diverse entobians and bioerosion rates in-creased. After 14 years, 30 % of the block volumes were occupied by boring sponges, yielding maximum bioerosion rates of 900 g m. KW - Bioerosion KW - Computed tomography KW - Carbonate substrate PY - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-372709 UR - http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/3461/2016/bg-13-3461-2016.pdf VL - 13 IS - 11 SP - 3461 EP - 3474 PB - Copernicus Publications CY - Göttingen AN - OPUS4-37270 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Spreemann, M. T1 - Making use of phase-contrast in dimensional muCT-measurements of weakly absorbing objects N2 - The effects of refraction (phase-contrast) are normally considered as disturbances in high-resolution μCT-measurements. We show that in the case of small objects with low absorption a single-distance phase-retrieval algorithm not only reduces the edge enhancement, but also raises the signal-to-noise ratio sufficiently to allow dimensional measurements. This is exemplified at an optical element for optical fibre connectors. T2 - Conference on industrial computed tomography (ICT) 2014 CY - Wels, Austria DA - 2014-02-25 PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-8440-2557-6 SN - 1610-4773 SP - 405 EP - 410 PB - Shaker Verlag GmbH AN - OPUS4-30325 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Onel, Yener T1 - Mehr Strom oder mehr Spannung, ein Vergleich drei Röntgenröhren in der CT N2 - Sollten CT Aufnahmen quantitativ und automatisch ausgewertet werden, ist die Qualität der Tomogramme ein wesentlicher Punkt. Außerdem steht bei Serienmessungen nur eine begrenzte Meßzeit für jede Probe. Es werden die verschiedenen Mikrofokusröhren in Bezug auf die Parameter Orts- und Dichteauflösung, sowie Meßzeit verglichen, CT Beispiele dazu gezeigt. T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung 2014 CY - Potsdam, Germany DA - 26.05.2014 KW - Computertomographie KW - Ortsauflösung KW - Röhrenvergleich PY - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-307629 SN - 978-3-940283-61-0 IS - DGZfP-BB 148 SP - Di.1A.1, 1 EP - 9 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (DGZfP) AN - OPUS4-30762 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Haarring, Holger A1 - Harwardt, Michael A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kupsch, Andreas A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Onel, Yener A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Wolk, Thomas T1 - Industrial and synchrotron X-ray CT applications for materials characterisation N2 - The combination of tomographic, microstructural data with other experimental techniques and with modeling is paramount, if we want to extract the maximum amount of information on material and component properties. In particular, quantitative image analysis, statistical approaches, direct discretization of tomographic reconstructions represent concrete possibilities to extend the power of the tomographic 3D representation to insights into the material and component performance. This logic thread holds equally for industrial and academic research, and valorizes expensive experiments such as those carried out at synchrotron sources, which cannot be daily repeated. We shall show a few examples of possible use of X-ray tomographic data for quantitative assessment of damage evolution and microstructural properties, as well as for non-destructive testing. We will also show how X-ray refraction computed tomography (CT) can be highly complementary to classic absorption CT, being sensitive to internal interfaces. T2 - iCT Conference 2014 - Conference on industrial computed tomography CY - Wels, Austria DA - 25.02.2014 KW - X-ray absorption and refraction CT KW - Quantitative image analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Complex microstructure PY - 2014 SN - 978-3-8440-2557-6 SP - 15 EP - 31 PB - Shaker CY - Aachen AN - OPUS4-30484 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Bernd R. A1 - Lange, Axel A1 - Harwardt, Marco A1 - Hentschel, Manfred P. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Goebbels, Jürgen A1 - Bamberg, J. A1 - Heutling, F. ED - Danny Van Hemelrijck, ED - Igor Solodov, ED - Anastasopoulos, Athanasios ED - Gerhard Busse, T1 - Synchrotron-Refraction-Computed-Tomography for NDT and characterisation of lightweight composite materials T2 - 4th International Conference of Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing (ETNDT 4) CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 2007-04-02 KW - Refraction KW - Computed Tomography KW - NDE KW - Ti-MMC PY - 2008 SN - 978-0-415-46476-5 SP - 217 EP - 221 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London, UK AN - OPUS4-18680 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Meinel, Dietmar T1 - Das zweite Gesicht der Nofretete KW - Computertomographie KW - Oberfläche KW - Oberflächenbestimmung PY - 2009 SN - 1616-069X SN - 0948-5112 VL - 116 SP - 52 EP - 56 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-20108 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Arnold, S. T1 - Scattered Radiation Grids used for Micro Computed Tomography T2 - DIR2011, 20.-22.Juni, Veranstaltung DGZfP-BAM CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2011-06-20 PY - 2011 AN - OPUS4-23061 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Bienge, J.-E. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Epperlein, J. ED - Szallies, agrathaer GmbH, Isabell T1 - Blick in den Boden N2 - Computertomographische Untersuchungen in einer Studie zum vergleichenden Wurzelwachstum von Raps unter verschiedenen Bedingungen der Bodenbearbeitung. T2 - 20 Jahre Praxisversuch Lietzen Ackerbau und Forschung auf dem Weg in die Zukunft Feldtag in der Komturei Lietzen CY - Komturei Lietzen, Germany DA - 19.5.2016 KW - Computer Tomographie PY - 2016 SP - 28 EP - 29 AN - OPUS4-38144 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xin, L. A1 - Bungartz, M. A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Hennig, M. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Bossert, J. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Borowski, J. A1 - Schubert, H. A1 - Jandt, K. A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Kinne, R. A1 - Brinkmann, O. T1 - Decreased extrusion of calcium phosphate cement versus high viscosity PMMA cement into spongious bone marrow—an ex vivo and in vivo study in sheep vertebrae N2 - Vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures bears the risk of pulmonary cement embolism (3.5%–23%) caused by leakage of commonly applied acrylic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement to spongious bone marrow or outside of the vertebrae. Ultraviscous cement and specific augmentation systems have been developed to reduce such adverse effects. Rapidly setting, resorbable, physiological calcium phosphate cement (CPC) may also represent a suitable alternative. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the intravertebral extrusion of CPC and PMMA cement in an ex vivo and in vivo study in sheep. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A prospective experimental animal study was carried out. METHODS: Defects (diameter 5 mm; 15 mm depth) were created by a ventrolateral percutane-ous approach in lumbar vertebrae of female Merino sheep (2–4 years) either ex vivo (n = 17) or in vivo (n = 6), and injected with: (1) CPC (L3); (2) CPC reinforced with 10% poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) fibers (L4); or (3) PMMA cement (L5; Kyphon HV-R). Controls were untouched (L1) or empty defects (L2). The effects of the cement injections were assessed in vivo by blood gas analysis and ex vivo by computed tomography (CT), micro-CT (voxel size: 67 µm), histology, and biomechanical testing. KW - Bone marrow extrusion KW - Brushite-forming calcium phosphate cement KW - Cement injection KW - Ex vivo KW - High- viscosity PMMA cement KW - In vivo KW - Large animal model KW - Sheep KW - Vertebroplasty PY - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.07.529 SN - 1529-9430 SN - 1878-1632 VL - 16 IS - 12 SP - 1468 EP - 1477 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-38058 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bungartz, M. A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Xin, L. A1 - Gunella, F. A1 - Mika, J. A1 - Borowski, J. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Schubert, H. A1 - Sachse, A. A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Bossert, J. A1 - Jandt, K. D. A1 - Kinne, R. W. A1 - Brinkmann, O. T1 - First-time systematic postoperative clinical assessment of a minimally invasive approach for lumbar ventrolateral vertebroplasty in the large animal model sheep N2 - Large animal models are highly recommended for meaningful preclinical studies, including the optimization of cement augmentation for vertebral body defects by vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic characterization of a strictly minimally invasive in vivo large animal model for lumbar ventrolateral vertebroplasty. This is a prospective experimental animal study. Lumbar defects (diameter 5 mm; depth approximately 14 mm) were created by a ventrolateral percutaneous approach in aged, osteopenic, female sheep (40 Merino sheep; 6–9 years; 68–110 kg). L1 remained untouched, L2 was left with an empty defect, and L3 carried a defect injected with a brushite-forming calcium phosphate cement (CPC). Trauma/functional impairment, surgical techniques (including drill sleeve and working canula with stop), reproducibility, bone defects, cement filling, and functional cement augmentation were documented by intraoperative incision-to-suture time and X-ray, postoperative trauma/impairment scores, and ex vivo osteodensitometry, microcomputed tomography (CT), histology, static/fluorescence histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing. Minimally invasive vertebroplasty resulted in short operation times (28±2 minutes; mean±standard error of the mean) and X-ray exposure (1.59±0.12 minutes), very limited local trauma (score 0.00±0.00 at 24 hours), short postoperative recovery (2.95±0.29 hours), and rapid decrease of the postoperative impairment score to 0 (3.28±0.36 hours). Reproducible defect creation and cement filling were documented by intraoperative X-ray and ex vivo conventional/micro-CT. Vertebral cement augmentation and osteoconductivity of the CPC was verified by osteodensitometry (CPC>control), micro-CT (CPC>control and empty defect), histology/static histomorphometry (CPC>control and empty defect), fluorescence histomorphometry (CPC>control; all p<.05 for 3 and 9 months), and compressive strength measurements (CPC numerically higher than control; 102% for 3 months and 110% for 9 months). This first-time systematic clinical assessment of a minimally invasive, ventrolateral, lumbar vertebroplasty model in aged, osteopenic sheep resulted in short operation times, rapid postoperative recovery, and high experimental reproducibility. This model represents an optimal basis for standardized evaluation of future studies on vertebral augmentation with resorbable and osteoconductive CPC. KW - Computed tomography KW - Calcium phosphate cement KW - Large animal model KW - Minimal-invasive KW - Vertebroplasty KW - Void defect PY - 2016 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S152994301630273X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.06.015 VL - 16 IS - 10 SP - 1263 EP - 1275 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-38429 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schurig, Michael A1 - Joschko, M. A1 - Kuka, K. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Fritsch, G. T1 - Wenn Wissenschaftler "spielen" gehen... N2 - Eine Bodenprobenahme selbst hat schon Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften der Probe und kann sie verfälschen. Deshalb haben Forschen einmal einen Blick unter die Bodenoberfläche gewagt. KW - Computertomographie KW - Zerstörungsfreie Bodenproben PY - 2015 IS - 16. Woche SP - 30 EP - 31 PB - Deutscher Bauernverlag GmbH CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-33117 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Ehrig, Karsten A1 - Staude, Andreas T1 - Vom Nutzen eines 4k x 4k Detektors für die Computertomographie T2 - DGZfP Dach-Jahrestagung 2015 CY - Salzburg, Austria DA - 2015-05-10 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-33185 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Bungartz, M. A1 - Bossert, J. A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Kinne, R. ED - Maenz, S. T1 - Micro computer tomography (μCT) set-up for long-term serial measurements, image evaluation, and subsequent compressive strength tests on frozen sheep vertebrae for osteoporosis research N2 - Injection of poly(methyl methacrylate) cements, one standard Treatment for osteoporotic vertebral body fractures, may lead to critical loads and subsequent fractures in adjacent vertebral bodies. Biodegradable calcium phosphate cements (CPC) with bioinductive growth factors may be an alternative, since they have a Young’s modulus comparable to that of cancellous bone. Non-destructive tests with μCT and quantitative Image evaluation are used to assess new bone growth and material resorption following intravertebral injection of CPC. Immediate deep-freezing of excised bone prevents shrinkage or tissue disintegration and the samples have to be kept frozen for all following steps, including transport, μCT measurements, and subsequent biomechanical tests. Here we will report on a set-up to preserve the frozen state of the material and allow stable long-term serial μCT measurements. In addition, the image processing technique for the evaluation of bone growth and selected results on subsequently carried out compressive strength tests will be presented. T2 - WCNDT2016 CY - München, Germany DA - 13.6.2016 KW - Computed tomography KW - Osteoporosis KW - CT PY - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-366410 UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=19382 VL - BB 158 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-36641 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gunella, F. A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Xin, L. A1 - Mika, J. A1 - Borowski, J. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Schubert, H. A1 - Sachse, A. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Bossert, J. A1 - Jandt, K. D. A1 - Plöger, F. A1 - Kinne, R. W. A1 - Brinkmann, O. A1 - Bungartz, M. ED - Carragee, T1 - The GDF5 mutant BB-1 enhances the bone formation induced by an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia N2 - BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Targeted delivery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic Proteins (eg, GDF5) in bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC), potentially suitable for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, may be required to counteract augmented local bone catabolism and to support complete bone regeneration. The biologically optimized GDF5 Mutant BB-1 may represent an attractive drug candidate for this purpose. PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to test an injectable, poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming CPC containing low-dose BB-1 in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING: This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS: Bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep and were filled with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages. KW - Bone morphogenetic protein; KW - Bone regeneration; KW - Micro-Computed-Tomography; KW - Calcium phosphate cement; KW - GDF-5 mutant; KW - Large animal model sheep; KW - Osteoporotic vertebral fracture PY - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.10.002 SN - 1529-9430 SN - 1878-1632 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 357 EP - 369 PB - Elsevier CY - New York AN - OPUS4-44561 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Kinne, R. W. T1 - Serial in situ compression of spongiosa cylinder observed by μCT, compared to simulated stress, strain, and movement N2 - Minimally invasive injection of calcium phosphate cement into bone defects in aged sheep vertebrae has been used as a model for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. One of the therapeutic criteria is a compression test of non-treated or treated vertebral bodies. In the present study, an in situ compression test with a stepwise load increase was performed with small spongiosa cylinders from the vertebrae under continuous monitoring by μCT. This allows localization of bone cracks and the visualization of correct placement and form of the bone cylinder. In addition, the effects of an uneven load distribution on the sample due to an irregular shape and a subsequent underperformance of the test sample can be excluded by controlling its shape under increasing load. There was a good agreement between the measured data and those obtained by simulated load-dependent transformation on the basis of a digital volume correlation between consecutive compression tests on the bone surface under the assumption of homogeneous bone material. Mechanic simulation was executed by directly using structural voxel data, resulting in maps of Von Mise stresses and predicted displacements. T2 - 12th ECNDT CY - Gothenburg, Sweden DA - 11.6.2018 KW - Computed tomography KW - In-situ compression KW - Simulation PY - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-453317 SN - 978-91-639-6217-2 SP - 0162, 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-45331 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Kinne, R. W. T1 - Micro-CT begleitete in-situ Druckversuche an spongiösem Knochen - Vergleich(ende Bestimmung) des experimentellen und simulierten Verschiebungsfeldes mit der simulierten internen Spannung N2 - Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass sich ältere Schafe gut als Modell für die mi-nimalinvasive Behandlung von Osteoporose eignen [1]. Um einen Behandlungs-effekt nachzuweisen, wird dabei unter anderem die Belastungsfähigkeit des Kno-chens durch Druckversuche an kleinen Zylindern aus den behandelten und unbe-handelten Knochen bestimmt. Diese hatten hier einen Durchmesser von 10 mm und eine Höhe von 13 mm. Für den in-situ Druckversuch wurde eine Deben CT5000 verwendet. In einer Serie von Druckerhöhungen wurden die Proben je-weils tomographiert. Dabei ergab sich zunächst, dass mit der µCT innerhalb der Knochen im oberen und unteren Bereich schon Brüche nachgewiesen werden können, obwohl die gemessene Kraftaufnahmekurve keine Unstetigkeit zeigt. Deswegen wurden die starren Probenaufnehmer der Deben Anordnung durch bewegliche Aufnehmer ergänzt, die eine leichte Verkippung der belasteten Ober-flächen ausgleichen können. Ein Vergleich der gemessenen und der aus den µCT-Daten berechneten Verschiebungsfelder ergab trotz der komplexen Struktur der Knochen gute Übereinstimmungen. Diese Verschiebungen wurden dann mit den aus den µCT Daten simulierten mechanischen Druckversuchen, Von-Mise-Spannungen und daraus berechneten Verschiebungen verglichen. (VGStudioMax Simulation). T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Computer Tomographie KW - In-situ Druckversuch KW - Simulation PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44883 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Joschko, M. A1 - Walla, M. A1 - Barkusky, D. A1 - Gerlach, F. T1 - Wunderwelt der Mikro-Computertomografie: Die Wurzeln des Raps N2 - Mit Hilfe der Computertomographie können zerstörungsfrei Bilder des Bodengefüges gewonnen werden. Sowohl die verschiedene Dichte des Bodens als auch Hohlräume und Poren sowie Wurzeln und anderes organisches Material können dargestellt werden. Die Wurzeln werden dabei lagerichtig wiedergegeben. Begrenzt wird dieses durch die Ortsauflösung des jeweiligen Tomogramms. Ist die Methode für eine Fragestellung aus der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis – Einfluss der Bodenbearbeitung auf das Wurzelbild von Raps – geeignet? T2 - BraLa 2018 CY - Paaren, Germany DA - 10.05.2018 KW - Computertomographie KW - Bodenstruktur PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-44884 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rifai, Haifa A1 - Staude, Andreas A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - In-situ pore size investigations of loaded porous concrete with non-destructive methods N2 - Subject of this investigation is the in-situ evolution of pore volume and pore size distribution in Ytong (a porous concrete material) under increasing pressure with two different non-destructive analytical methods: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). For both methods special strain devices to apply external pressure were constructed. The results from the two techniques yield complementary information on the pore size distribution and allows covering different pore size regions. KW - Pore size KW - Porous concrete KW - Computed tomography KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance PY - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.06.008 SN - 0008-8846 SN - 1873-3948 VL - 111 SP - 72 EP - 80 PB - Elsevier Ltd. AN - OPUS4-45617 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Kinne, R. W. T1 - μCT begleitete in-situ Druckversuche an spongiösem Knochen - Vergleich(ende Bestimmung) des experimentellen und simulierten Verschiebungsfeldes mit der simulierten internen Spannung N2 - Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass sich ältere Schafe gut als Modell für die mi-nimalinvasive Behandlung von Osteoporose eignen [1]. Um einen Behandlungs-effekt nachzuweisen, wird dabei unter anderem die Belastungsfähigkeit des Kno-chens durch Druckversuche an kleinen Zylindern aus den behandelten und unbe-handelten Knochen bestimmt. Diese hatten hier einen Durchmesser von 10 mm und eine Höhe von 13 mm. Für den in-situ Druckversuch wurde eine Deben CT5000 verwendet. In einer Serie von Druckerhöhungen wurden die Proben je-weils tomographiert. Dabei ergab sich zunächst, dass mit der µCT innerhalb der Knochen im oberen und unteren Bereich schon Brüche nachgewiesen werden können, obwohl die gemessene Kraftaufnahmekurve keine Unstetigkeit zeigt. Deswegen wurden die starren Probenaufnehmer der Deben Anordnung durch bewegliche Aufnehmer ergänzt, die eine leichte Verkippung der belasteten Ober-flächen ausgleichen können. Ein Vergleich der gemessenen und der aus den µCT-Daten berechneten Verschiebungsfelder ergab trotz der komplexen Struktur der Knochen gute Übereinstimmungen. Diese Verschiebungen wurden dann mit den aus den µCT Daten simulierten mechanischen Druckversuchen, Von-Mise-Spannungen und daraus berechneten Verschiebungen verglichen. (VGStudioMax Simulation). T2 - DGZfP-Jahrestagung CY - Leipzig, Germany DA - 07.05.2018 KW - Computer Tomographie KW - In-situ Druckversuch KW - Simulation PY - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-448827 UR - https://www.ndt.net/?id=23080 SN - 978-3-940283-92-4 VL - DGZfP BB 166 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - DGZfP CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-44882 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Maierhofer, Christiane A1 - Myrach, Philipp A1 - Röllig, Mathias A1 - Jonietz, Florian A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Meinel, Dietmar A1 - Richter, U. A1 - Miksche, R. ED - Chimenti, Dale E. ED - Bond, Leonard J. T1 - Characterization of pores in high pressure die cast aluminum using active thermography and computed tomography N2 - Larger high pressure die castings (HPDC) and decreasing wall thicknesses are raising the issue of casting defects like pores in aluminum structures. Properties of components are often strongly influenced by inner porosity. As these products are being established more and more in lightweight construction (e.g. automotive and other transport areas), non-destructive testing methods, which can be applied fast and on-site, are required for quality assurance. In this contribution, the application of active thermography for the direct detection of larger pores is demonstrated. The analysis of limits and accuracy of the method are completed by numerical simulation and the method is validated using computed tomography. T2 - 42nd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA DA - 26.07.2015 KW - flash thermography KW - aluminum KW - pores KW - computed tomography PY - 2016 SN - 978-0-7354-1353-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4940580 VL - 1706 SP - 110009-1 EP - 110009-8 PB - AIP Publishing LLC CY - Melville, New York, USA AN - OPUS4-35848 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kuka, K. A1 - Joschko, M. A1 - Fritsch, G. A1 - Hildebrandt, T. A1 - Weinhold, J. A1 - Harrach, T. A1 - Beblek, A. A1 - Seyfarth, W. T1 - Analysis of soil structure as indicator of soil quality T2 - Tagung im Landwirtschaftsministerium über "Mikroorganismen und Wirbellose - entscheidende Dienstleister für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung" CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2015-11-26 PY - 2015 AN - OPUS4-34982 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xin, L. A1 - Mika, J. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Schubert, H. A1 - Borowski, J. A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Huber, R. A1 - Sachse, A. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Kinne, R. W. T1 - Systematic postoperative assessment of a minimally-invasive sheep model for the treatment of osteochondral defects N2 - To assess the clinical course of a sheep stifle joint model for osteochondral (OC) defects, medial femoral condyles (MFC) were exposed without patella luxation using medial parapatellar skin (3–4 cm) and deep incisions (2–3 cm). Two defects (7 mm diameter; 10 mm depth; OC punch) were left empty or refilled with osteochondral autologous transplantation cylinders (OATS) and explanted after six weeks. Incision-to-suture time, anesthesia time, and postoperative wound or impairment scores were compared to those in sham-operated animals. Implant performance was assessed by X-ray, micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistology (collagens 1, 2; aggrecan). There were no surgery-related infections or patellar luxations. Operation, anesthesia, and time to complete stand were short (0.5, 1.4, and 1.5 h, respectively). The wound trauma score was low (0.4 of maximally 4; day 7). Empty-defect and OATS animals reached an impairment score of 0 significantly later than sham animals (7.4 and 4.0 days, respectively, versus 1.5 days). Empty defects showed incomplete healing and dedifferentiation/heterotopic differentiation; OATS-filled defects displayed advanced bone healing with remaining cartilage gaps and orthotopic expression of bone and cartilage markers. Minimally-invasive, medial parapatellar surgery of OC defects on the sheep MFC allows rapid and low-trauma recovery and appears well-suited for implant testing. KW - Osteochondral stifle joint defect KW - Sheep animal model KW - Minimally-invasive parapatellar approach PY - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-520180 SN - 2075-1729 VL - 10 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-52018 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gunella, F. A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Bungartz, M. A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Xin, L. A1 - Mika, J. A1 - Borowski, J. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Schubert, H. A1 - Hortschansky, P. A1 - Sachse, A. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Bossert, J. A1 - Jandt, K. D. A1 - Plöger, F. A1 - Kinne, R. W. A1 - Brinkmann, O. T1 - Low-dose BMP-2 is sufficient to enhance the bone formation induced by an injectable, PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia N2 - BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) may be suitable for vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. However, additional targeted de- livery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) in the CPC may be required to counteract the augmented local bone catabolism and support complete bone regeneration. PURPOSE: This study aimed at testing an injectable, poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement (CPC) containing low-dose bone morphogenetic Protein BMP-2 in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING: This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS: Bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep and filled with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+ fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of BMP-2 (L5; CPC+ fibers + BMP-2; 1, 5, 100, and 500g BMP-2; n=5 or 6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months after the operation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±BMP-2) were analyzed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone Mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (assessed by micro-computed tomography [micro-CT] and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness, and trabecular number; (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume, osteoid surface/bone surface, osteoid thickness, mineralizing surface/bone surface, mineral Apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS: Compared with untouched controls (L1), CPC+ fibers (L4) and/or CPC+ fibers + BMP-2(L5) significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These effects were observed at 3 and 9 months, but were less pronounced for some parameters at 9 months. Compared with CPC without BMP-2, additional significant effects of BMP-2 were demonstrated for bone structure (bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number) and formation (osteoid surface/bone surface and mineralizing surface/bone surface), as well as for the compressive strength. The BMP-2 effects on bone Formation at 3 and 9 months were dose-dependent, with 5–100g as the optimal dosage. CONCLUSIONS: BMP-2 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. A single local dose as low as ≤100g BMP-2 was sufficient to augment middle to long-term bone formation. The novel CPC+ BMP-2 may thus represent an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff polymethylmethacrylate cement presently used to treat osteoporotic vertebral fractures by vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty. KW - Bone regeneration KW - Computed tomography KW - Calcium phosphat cement KW - Large animal model sheep KW - Osteoporotic vertebral fracture PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.005 SN - 1529-9430 SN - 1878-1632 VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 1699 EP - 1711 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-43237 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bungartz, M. A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Xin, L. A1 - Gunella, F. A1 - Mika, J. A1 - Borowski, J. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Schubert, H. A1 - Sachse, A. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Bossert, J. A1 - Jandt, K. D. A1 - Plöger, F. A1 - Kinne, R. W. A1 - Brinkmann, O. T1 - GDF5 significantly augments the bone formation induced by an injectable, PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia N2 - BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Biodegradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) represents a promising option for the surgical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Because of augmented local bone catabolism, however, additional targeted delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins with the CPC may be needed to promote rapid and complete bone regeneration. PURPOSE: In the present study, an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement (CPC) containing the bone morphogenetic Protein GDF5 was tested in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a prospective experimental animal study METHODS: Defined bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were placed in aged, osteopenic female sheep. Defects were treated with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+ fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of GDF5 (L5; CPC+ fibers + GDF5; 1, 5, 100, and 500g GDF5; n = 5 or 6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months postoperation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±GDF5) were assessed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness, and trabecular number; (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume, osteoid surface/bone surface, osteoid thickness, mineralized surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS: Compared with untouched controls (L1), both CPC+ fibers (L4) and CPC+ fibers + GDF5 (L5) numerically or significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These significant effects were observed both at 3 and 9 months, but for some parameters they were less pronounced at 9 months. Compared with CPC without GDF5, additional significant effects of CPC with GDF5 were demonstrated for BMD and parameters of bone formation and structure (bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, as well as mineralized surface/bone surface). The GDF5 effects were dose-dependent (predominantly in the 5–100g range) at 3 and 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: GDF5 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. The results indicated that a local dose as low as ≤100g GDF5 may be sufficient to augment middle to long-term bone formation. The novel CPC+ GDF5 combination may thus qualify as an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff poly-(methyl methacrylate) cement currently applied for vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. KW - Bone regeneration KW - Computed tomography KW - Large animal model sheep KW - Osteoporotic vertebral fracture PY - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.007 SN - 1529-9430 SN - 1878-1632 VL - 17 IS - 11 SP - 1685 EP - 1698 PB - Elsevier Inc. AN - OPUS4-43239 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Brinkmann, O. A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Gunella, F. A1 - Bischoff, S. A1 - Schubert, H. A1 - Sachse, A. A1 - Xin, L. A1 - Günster, Jens A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Jandt, K. D. A1 - Bossert, J. A1 - Kinne, R. W. A1 - Bungartz, M. T1 - Enhanced bone formation in sheep vertebral bodies after minimally invasive treatment with a novel, PLGA fiber-reinforced brushite cement. N2 - Injectable, brushite-forming calcium phosphate cements (CPC) show potential for bone replacement, but they exhibit low mechanical strength. This study tested a CPC reinforced with poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fibers in a minimally invasive, sheep lumbar vertebroplasty model. The study aimed to test the in vivo biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of a PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming CPC in a sheep large animal model. KW - µCT KW - Vertebral KW - PLGA cement PY - 2017 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S152994301631066X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.11.006 SN - 1529-9430 SN - 1878-1632 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 709 EP - 719 PB - Elsevier Science direct AN - OPUS4-40462 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard T1 - Hinweis zum Betrieb von Mikrofokusröntgenröhren N2 - Beim Betrieb von µFokus-Röntgenröhren entsprechend der Betriebsanleitung können schwerwiegende Schäden auftreten. KW - Hochspannungsüberschlag PY - 2017 UR - http://www.dgzfp.de/Portals/24/Zeitung/Ausgaben/Zeitung153.pdf IS - 153 SP - 18 EP - 18 PB - DGZfP AN - OPUS4-39249 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Joschko, M. A1 - Elles, L. A1 - Fritsch, G. A1 - Hildebrand, T. B. A1 - Paschen, M. A1 - Kuka, K. A1 - Szallies, I. A1 - Barkusky, D. A1 - Bruno, Giovanni A1 - Rogasik, H. A1 - Faber, J. A1 - Filser, J. A1 - Querner, P. T1 - Sampling of undisturbed soil samples as part of the KEYSOM field experiment N2 - Results of medicale- and Micro-CT for COST KEYSOM project T2 - Cost KEYSOM meeting Matera, Italy CY - Matera, Italy DA - 24.9.2018 KW - µCT KW - Soil science PY - 2018 AN - OPUS4-46117 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kinne, R. W. A1 - Gunnella, F. A1 - Kunisch, E. A1 - Heinemann, S. A1 - Nies, B. A1 - Maenz, S. A1 - Horbert, V. A1 - Illerhaus, Bernhard A1 - Huber, R. A1 - Firkowska-Boden, I. A1 - Bossert, J. A1 - Jandt, K. D. A1 - Sachse, A. A1 - Bungartz, M. A1 - Brinkmann, O. T1 - Performance of calcium phosphate cements in the augmentation of sheep vertebrae - An ex vivo study N2 - Oil-based calcium phosphate cement (Paste-CPC) shows not only prolonged shelf life and injection times, but also improved cohesion and reproducibility during application, while retaining the advantages of fast setting, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. In addition, poly(L-lactideco-glycolide) (PLGA) fiber reinforcement may decrease the risk for local extrusion. Bone defects (diameter 5 mm; depth 15 mm) generated ex vivo in lumbar (L) spines of female Merino sheep (2–4 years) were augmented using: (i) water-based CPC with 10% PLGA fiber reinforcement (L3); (ii) Paste-CPC (L4); or (iii) clinically established polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement (L5). Untouched (L1) and empty vertebrae (L2) served as controls. Cement performance was analyzed using micro-computed tomography, histology, and biomechanical testing. Extrusion was comparable for Paste-CPC(-PLGA) and PMMA, but significantly lower for CPC + PLGA. Compressive strength and Young’s modulus were similar for Paste-CPC and PMMA, but significantly higher compared to those for empty defects and/or CPC + PLGA. Expectedly, all experimental groups showed significantly or numerically lower compressive strength and Young’s modulus than those of untouched controls. Ready-to-use Paste-CPC demonstrates a performance similar to that of PMMA, but improved biomechanics compared to those of water-based CPC + PLGA, expanding the therapeutic arsenal for bone defects. O, significantly lower extrusion of CPC + PLGA fibers into adjacent lumbar spongiosa may help to reduce the risk of local extrusion in spinal surgery. KW - Sheep KW - PMMA KW - Calcium phosphate bone cement KW - Oil-based KW - Ready-to-use KW - Water-based KW - Micro-CT KW - Compressive strength KW - Young’s modulus PY - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-569072 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 14 IS - 14 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel AN - OPUS4-56907 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -