TY - CONF A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Berger, Wolfgang T1 - Recovery of scarce metals from end-of-life photovoltaic modules N2 - Photovoltaics (PV) is a promising technology for renewable energy sources. In recent years the annual production of PV modules has been growing steadily reaching a total capacity of over 50GWp installed within the EU in 2011. Thin film technology (cadmium telluride CdTe or copper indium diselenide/disulphide CIS) is growing in importance due to its low production costs and the low energy and materials demands during production. However, the prices for the rare materials indium and tellurium will continue to increase. With the expected strong rise of the demand for thin film PV odules, recycling of indium and tellurium will become more important in the future. Within the EU-LIFE project RESOLVED (Recovery of Solar Valuable Materials, Enrichment and Decontamination) the feasibility of sustainable photovoltaic thin film module recycling by means of wet-mechanical processes was demonstrated by BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, together with industry partners First Solar Inc and Deutsche Solar AG. T2 - Resources that Don’t Cost the Earth - Encouraging European Collaboration and Solutions - Workshop CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 01.12.2011 KW - Resources KW - Photovoltaics KW - Recycling PY - 2012 UR - https://www.rsc.org/images/Resources-that-dont-cost-the-earth_tcm18-223030.pdf SP - 18 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) CY - Cambridge AN - OPUS4-26834 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Simon, Franz-Georg A1 - Weimann, Karin A1 - Alsema, E. A. T1 - A novel approach for the recycling of thin film photovoltaic modules N2 - A sustainable recycling of photovoltaic (PV) thin film modules gains in importance due to the considerable growing of the PV market and the increasing scarcity of the resources for semiconductor materials. The paper presents the development of two strategies for thin film PV recycling based on (wet) mechanical processing for broken modules, and combined thermal and mechanical methods for end-of-life modules. The feasibility of the processing steps was demonstrated in laboratory scale as well as in semi-technical scale using the example of CdTe and CIS modules. Pre-concentrated valuables In and Te from wet mechanical processing can be purified to the appropriate grade for the production of new modules. An advantage of the wet mechanical processing in comparison to the conventional procedure might be the usage of no or a small amount of chemicals during the several steps. Some measures are necessary in order to increase the efficiency of the wet mechanical processing regarding the improvement of the valuable yield and the related enrichment of the semiconductor material. The investigation of the environmental impacts of both recycling strategies indicates that the strategy, which includes wet mechanical separation, has clear advantages in comparison to the thermal treatment or disposal on landfills. KW - Recycling KW - Photovoltaic KW - Thin film modules KW - CdTe KW - CIS KW - Mechanical processing KW - Life cycle analysis PY - 2010 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.12.001 SN - 0921-3449 VL - 54 IS - 10 SP - 711 EP - 718 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-21439 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -