TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Daniel A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Duwe, M. A1 - Quast, J.-H. A1 - Schneider, S. T1 - Effect of curvature of spherical microscopic indentations on the ellipsometric readout N2 - The authors describe and interpret curvature-related changes to the ellipsometric readout. As model system for a concave curvature, a set of three spherical microscopic indents in silicon (100) of different sizes was prepared by instrumented indentation testing using a spherical indenter. For reference, these samples were characterized by AFM to reveal the topography of each structure. The concavelike indents were analyzed by Mueller-Matrix imaging ellipsometry to extract lateral intensity images of 12 elements of the Mueller-Matrix. As a result of the detailed analysis of the image elements m22, m23, and m14, it was possible to correlate intensity changes and symmetry properties to depolarization and cross polarization induced by the edge threshold and the curved surface of the indent. KW - Spectroskopic Imaging KW - Mueller-Matrix imaging ellipsometry KW - Structural anomalies KW - Structural inhomogenities PY - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-498105 DO - https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5122252 VL - 37 IS - 6 SP - 062906-1 EP - 062906-5 PB - American Vacuum Society AN - OPUS4-49810 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, G. A1 - Beck, S. A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Linscheid, M.W. T1 - Comparison of the fragmentation behavior of differentially metal-coded affinity tag (MeCAT)-labeled peptides N2 - Mass spectrometry (MS) became a pivotal technique in the still growing field of quantitative proteomics, since system biology needs quantitative information. This development is not only driven by newly arising demands, but from the availability of modern instrumentation and new quantitative methods. Thus, techniques like isotope-coded affinity tags, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification and stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture have been used routinely in many laboratories for years. However, only a few of the methods in quantitative proteomics offer absolute quantification.[5–8] Most approaches only deliver relative quantification data by direct comparison of two or more samples. PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.3036 SN - 1076-5174 SN - 1096-9888 VL - 47 IS - 7 SP - 885 EP - 889 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester AN - OPUS4-27436 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Gunnar A1 - Beck, S. A1 - Weller, Michael G. A1 - Linscheid, M.W. T1 - MeCAT - new iodoacetamide reagents for metal labeling of proteins and peptides N2 - Besides protein identification via mass spectrometric methods, protein and peptide quantification has become more and more important in order to tackle biological questions. Methods like differential gel electrophoresis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have been used to assess protein concentrations, while stable isotope labeling methods are also well established in quantitative proteomics. Recently, we developed metalcoded affinity tagging (MeCAT) as an alternative for accurate and sensitive quantification of peptides and proteins. In addition to absolute quantification via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, MeCAT also enables sequence analysis via electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In the current study, we developed a new labeling approach utilizing an iodoacetamide MeCAT reagent (MeCAT-IA). The MeCAT-IA approach shows distinct advantages over the previously used MeCAT with maleinimide reactivity such as higher labelling efficiency and the lack of diastereomer formation during labeling. Here, we present a careful characterization of this new method focusing on the labeling process, which yields complete tagging with an excess of reagent of 1.6 to 1, less complex chromatographic behavior, and fragmentation characteristics of the tagged peptides using the iodoacetamide MeCAT reagent. KW - Quantitative proteomics KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Metal labeling KW - Stable isotope labeling KW - Lanthanide DOTA KW - Metall-Markierung KW - Reagenzien KW - Protein-Quantifizierung KW - Lanthaniden KW - Multiplexing PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5189-7 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 401 IS - 4 SP - 1203 EP - 1209 PB - Springer CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-23949 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - CONF A1 - Schneider, S. A1 - Beck, T. A1 - Wittstock, B. A1 - Herbst, Tristan T1 - Sustainability assessment for the recycling of masonry N2 - In Germany, construction debris, road construction waste and excavated material amount to 60% of the total waste. The construction debris originates mainly from Building demolition and comprises of concrete and different types of masonry such as red brick, lime-sandstone, aerated concrete and lightweight concrete, but also other materials such as insulation material, gypsum, plaster, tiles, wood, Steel and plastics. Due to the large amount of building demolition material, the recycling of masonry to high-quality Recycling Products and closed-loop-recycling bears a high potential to reduce environmental impacts. Within the AiF (German Federation of Industrial Research Association) research Project “Sustainability Assessment for the Recycling of Masonry”, different recycling Technologies will be assessed with regard to their sustainability performance. All three pillars of sustainability - the ecological, the economic and the social pillar - will be considered, using the methods of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Working Environment (LCWE). The assessment will be carried out for different Recycling technologies, for common ones but also for such technologies that are not yet in large scale application. The applicability of technologies depends on the type of the demolition material and on the purity of variety. One part of the research project is to develop a web-based tool for operators of recycling facilities and for demolition Companies to assess their recycling options. In most cases, demolished masonry has a very heterogeneous material composition, and therefore can only be used for lower-level recycling options or ends up in landfill. The aim of the project is to avoid landfilling and the downcycling of products and to achieve a higher recycling level. Closed-loop-recycling has priority. The main aspects of closed-loop-recycling are to change not the inherent properties of the recycled material and to recycle into the same or other product Systems. In the course of this, it is important to preserve the quality of the recycling material and to ensure a versatile use. To reach this target, different recycling technologies are identified and with the aid of the mentioned methods - LCA, LCC and LCWE - evaluated. In addition to predefined Processing routes, it is possible to assess individual recycling plants. A basic recyclingprinciple is defined to which further System modules can be added. The web-tool enables the user to identify different options - depending on the demolition material and its purity - and yields the sustainability assessment. Thus, the user gets Information about possibilities of the recycling of masonry and the environmental, economic and social Benefits compared to downcycling and landfill. T2 - SAM-6 - 6th International conference on society & materials CY - Leuven, Belgium DA - 30.05.2012 PY - 2012 SN - 1958-2897 SP - 1 EP - 7 AN - OPUS4-28644 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herbst, Tristan A1 - Beck, T. A1 - Schneider, S. A1 - Flassenberg, G. T1 - Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse für das Mauerwerksrecycling N2 - In Deutschland fällt mittelfristig eine nicht unerhebliche Menge an Mauerwerksbruch an. Im Sinne einer nachhaltigen Kreislaufwirtschaft sind diese Restmassen zukünftig einem möglichst hochwertigen Recycling zuzuführen. Im Rahmen des IGF-Forschungsvorhabens 17022 N der Forschungsvereinigung Porenbetonindustrie e.V., Berlin, wird im Gesamtkontext “SIM Stoffkreislauf im Mauerwerksbau“ die Nachhaltigkeit verschiedener Recyclingoptionen für Mauerwerksbruch unter Einbeziehung der Hauptwandbausteinarten Ziegel, Kalksandstein, Porenbeton und Leichtbeton sowie unter Beachtung material- und verfahrenstechnischer sowie ökologischer, ökonomischer und sozialer Aspekte ganzheitlich untersucht und bewertet. Auf Grundlage der dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wird ein rechnergestütztes Analysetool zur Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung für das Mauerwerksrecycling entwickelt. Auf diesem Wege sollen im Sinne der aktuellen gesetzlichen Vorgaben nachhaltige Stoffkreisläufe im Mauerwerksbau geschlossen und somit letztlich die Deponierung von Mauerwerksrestmassen vermieden werden.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Germany, a not unimportant quantity of masonry rubble is generated in the medium term. With regard to a sustainable closed substance cycle waste management, these rest masses have to be recycled if possible. Within the IGF research project “Sustainability Analysis for the Recycling of Masonry”, different recycling options will be assessed with regard to their sustainability performance. In doing so, the main kinds of masonry units (clay units, calcium silicate units, autoclaved aerated concrete units, aggregate concrete units), their material properties, the processing technologies as well as ecological, economic and social aspects will be considered. Based on the results, a web-based tool will be developed to assess the sustainability of different recycling options for masonry rubble. PY - 2012 DO - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.201200549 SN - 1432-3427 SN - 1437-1022 VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 242 EP - 246 PB - Ernst CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-27392 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beck, Uwe A1 - Smith, D.T. A1 - Reiners, Georg A1 - Dapkunas, S.J. T1 - Mechanical properties of SiO2 and Si3N4 coatings: a BAM/NIST co-operative project N2 - Mechanical properties, i.e. hardness and elastic modulus, of amorphous SiO2 and Si3N4 PE-CVD coatings have been studied for two coating thicknesses (0.1 and 1.0 µm) and two substrate materials (fused silica, i.e. Herasil, and borosilicate glass, i.e., BK7) using low load instrumented indentation. The coating systems are being considered for possible use as reference materials for thin film mechanical property test methods. Single layers of SiO2 and Si3N4 and a multilayer stack consisting of five double layers of SiO2/Si3N4 (individual layer thickness: 0.1 µm) were investigated on both substrate materials. A special plasma pre-treatment of the substrates prior to deposition ensured that coating adhesion exceeded inner film stress for all systems considered. The applied indentation load ranged from 700 down to 0.1 mN and resulted in indentation depths from more than 1 µm to about 15 nm. The influence of coating thickness and the effect of the substrate on the measurement of hardness and elastic modulus of the films are discussed, with emphasis on the effects of indentation depth vs. coating thickness on the observed coating properties. One coating–substrate system (1.0 µm Si3N4 on Herasil) out of ten was found to be above a critical threshold for tensile cracking of the coating. In this system, termed ‘overcritical’, tensile cracks occurred both prior to, and as a result of, indentation, indicating that Berkovich indentation may also be used to probe residual film stress. KW - Indentation KW - Hardness KW - Modulus KW - Silica KW - Silicon nitride KW - Coatings KW - Thin films PY - 1998 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(98)00989-4 SN - 0040-6090 VL - 332 IS - 1-2 SP - 164 EP - 171 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam AN - OPUS4-25443 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schott, M. A1 - Szczerba, Wojciech A1 - Posset, U. A1 - Vuk, A.S. A1 - Beck, M. A1 - Riesemeier, Heinrich A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Kurth, D. G. T1 - In operando XAFS experiments on flexible electrochromic devices based on Fe(II)-metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes and vanadium oxides N2 - Flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on Fe(II)-metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes (Fe-MEPE) and vanadium oxide are studied in operando by means of x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The ECDs are blue-purple in the colored state at 0.0 V and become light yellow when a voltage of 1.6 V is applied. The XAFS studies at the K-edge of Fe(II) reveals that the absorption edge is shifted toward higher energies by 1.8 eV in the transparent state. Comparison of two different ECDs and different charge cycles demonstrates the reversibility and repeatability of the process. We attribute the shift to a charge transfer and a change of oxidation state of the ions from Fe2+ to Fe3+. The transition is not accompanied by a noticeable structural change of the octahedral coordination geometry as confirmed by analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes KW - Vanadium oxide KW - Electrochromism KW - Electrochromic device KW - Cyclic voltammetry KW - XAFS PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.015 SN - 0927-0248 VL - 147 SP - 61 EP - 67 PB - Elsevier B.V. CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-35251 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -