TY - JOUR A1 - Lichtenstein, D. A1 - Ebmeyer, J. A1 - Knappe, Patrick A1 - Juling, S. A1 - Böhmert, L. A1 - Selve, S. A1 - Niemann, B. A1 - Braeuning, A. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Lampen, A. T1 - Impact of food components during in vitro digestion of silver nanoparticles on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in intestinal cells JF - Biological Chemistry N2 - Because of the rising application of nanoparticles in food and food-related products, we investigated the influence of the digestion process on the toxicity and cellular uptake of silver nanoparticles for intestinal cells. The main food components – carbohydrates, proteins and fatty acids – were implemented in an in vitro digestion process to simulate realistic conditions. Digested and undigested silver nanoparticle suspensions were used for uptake studies in the well-established Caco-2 model. Small-angle X-ray scattering was used to estimate particle core size, size distribution and stability in cell culture medium. Particles proved to be stable and showed radii from 3.6 to 16.0 nm. Undigested particles and particles digested in the presence of food components were comparably taken up by Caco-2 cells, whereas the uptake of particles digested without food components was decreased by 60%. Overall, these findings suggest that in vivo ingested poly (acrylic acid)-coated silver nanoparticles may reach the intestine in a nanoscaled form even if enclosed in a food matrix. While appropriate for studies on the uptake into intestinal cells, the Caco-2 model might be less suited for translocation studies. Moreover, we show that nanoparticle digestion protocols lacking food components may lead to misinterpretation of uptake studies and inconclusive results. KW - Nanoparticle KW - Nanosilver KW - Silver PY - 2015 DO - https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2015-0145 SN - 1431-6730 SN - 1432-0355 SN - 1437-4315 VL - 396 IS - 11 SP - 1255 EP - 1264 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin [u.a.] AN - OPUS4-34887 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lichtenstein, D. A1 - Ebmeyer, J. A1 - Meyer, T. A1 - Behr, A.-C. A1 - Kästner, Claudia A1 - Böhmert, L. A1 - Juling, J. A1 - Niemann, B. A1 - Fahrenson, C. A1 - Selve, S. A1 - Thünemann, Andreas A1 - Meijer, J. A1 - Estrela-Lopis, I. A1 - Bräuning, A. A1 - Lampen, A. T1 - It takes more than a coating to get nanoparticles through the intestinal barrier in vitro JF - European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics N2 - Size and shape are crucial parameters which have impact on the potential of nanoparticles to penetrate cell membranes and epithelial barriers. Current research in nanotoxicology additionally focuses on particle coating. To distinguish between core- and coating-related effects in nanoparticle uptake and translocation, two nanoparticles equal in size, coating and charge but different in core material were investigated. Silver and iron oxide nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid) were chosen and extensively characterized by small-angle x-ray scattering, nanoparticle tracing analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Uptake and transport were studied in the intestinal Caco-2 model in a Transwell System with subsequent elemental analysis. TEM and ion beam microscopy were conducted for particle visualization. Although equal in size, charge and coating, the behavior of the two particles in Caco-2 cells was different: while the internalized amount was comparable, only iron oxide nanoparticles additionally passed the epithelium. Our findings suggest that the coating material influenced only the uptake of the nanoparticles whereas the translocation was determined by the core material. Knowledge about the different roles of the particle coating and core materials in crossing biological barriers will facilitate toxicological risk assessment of nanoparticles and contribute to the optimization of pharmacokinetic properties of nano-scaled pharmaceuticals. KW - Silver KW - Nanoparticle KW - Polymer KW - Polyacrylic acid PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.12.004 SN - 0939-6411 SN - 1873-3441 VL - 118 SP - 21 EP - 29 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-41170 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -