TY - RPRT A1 - Frenz, Holger A1 - Gruhn, B. A1 - Dietrich, C. A1 - Lehmann, J. A1 - Krämer, E. A1 - Glaubitz, Steffen A1 - Wimmer, J. A1 - Rehmer, Birgit A1 - Kühn, Hans-Dieter A1 - Breitkreutz, Konrad A1 - Portella, Pedro Dolabella A1 - Hoffmann, E. A1 - Ziebs, Josef T1 - Sphäroguß als Werkstoff für Behälter zur Beförderung, Zwischen- und Endlagerung radioaktiver Stoffe; Untersuchung zu alternativen Eignungsnachweisen - Fachband 3: Werkstoffuntersuchungen, 1989 - 1992 N2 - Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit und ferritischer bzw. ferritisch-perlitischer Matrix gehören zu einer Werkstoffgruppe, die ausreichende Festigkeiten mit hohen Duktilitäten verbindet. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Kenntnisse über die Zusammenhänge zwischen der chemischen Zusammensetzung, der Gefügeausbildung und den mechanischen Eigenschaften erweitert. Dabei wurden sowohl unterschiedliche Gießverfahren (Sand- und Kokillenguß) in der Herstellung, als auch die Auswirkungen von Umwandlungsprozessen im Gefüge infolge von Wärmebehandlungen diskutiert. Die statistische Auswertung von Einzelergebnissen aus der qualitätssichernden Begutachtung von Lager- und Transportbehältern für radioaktive Stoffe wurden durch mechanische und bruchmechanische Untersuchungen an 24 Werkstoffsorten aus Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit ergänzt. KW - Eignungsnachweis KW - Endlagerung KW - Lagerbehälter KW - Radioaktiver Stoff KW - Sphäroguß (GGG-40) KW - Transportbehälter KW - Zwischenlagerung PY - 1992 N1 - Das Projekt wurde gefördert vom Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie (BMFT); Förderkennzeichen: KWA 79052. SP - 1 EP - 178 PB - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) CY - Berlin AN - OPUS4-59950 LA - deu AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamschick, S. A1 - Rozenblut-Kościsty, B. A1 - Ogielska, M. A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Lymberakis, P. A1 - Hoffmann, F. A1 - Lutz, I. A1 - Schneider, Rudolf A1 - Kloas, W. A1 - Stöck, M. T1 - Impaired gonadal and somatic development corroborate vulnerability differences to the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol among deeply diverged anuran lineages N2 - Amphibians are undergoing a global decline. One poorly investigated reason could be the pollution of aquatic habitats by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). We tested the susceptibility to the synthetically stabilized estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in three deeply diverged anuran species, differing in sex determination systems, types of gonadogenesis and larval ecologies. To understand whether data from the amphibian model Xenopus laevis (Pipidae) are analogous and applicable to only distantly related non-model amphibians, tadpoles of X. laevis, Hyla arborea (Hylidae) and Bufo viridis (Bufonidae) were simultaneously exposed to 50, 500 and 5000 ng/L EE2 from hatching until completion of metamorphosis, using a flow-through-system under identical experimental conditions. Comparing molecularly established genetic with histologically assessed phenotypic sex in all species, we have recently shown that EE2 provoked numerous genetic-male-to-phenotypic-female sex reversals and mixed sex individuals, confirming overall its expected feminizing effect. In the present study, we focus on the influence of EE2 on gonadal and somatic development. Anatomy and histology revealed several species-specific effects. In both non-model species, H. arborea and B. viridis, high numbers of anatomically impaired gonads were observed. In H. arborea, exposed to 5000 ng/L EE2, numerous underdeveloped gonads were detected. Whereas EE2 did not alter snout-to-vent length and body weight of X. laevis metamorphs, H. arborea showed a treatment-dependent decrease, while B. viridis exhibited an increase in body weight and snout-to-vent length. Apart from a concentration-dependent occurrence of yellowish skin color in several H. arborea, no organ-specific effects were detected. Since EE2 ubiquitously occurs in many aquatic ecosystems and affects sexual and somatic development, among EDCs, it may indeed contribute to amphibian decline. The inter-species variation in developmental EE2-effects corroborates species-specific vulnerability differences towards EDCs between deeply diverged amphibian groups KW - Endocrine disruption KW - Ethinylestradiol KW - Mass spectrometry PY - 2016 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.001 SN - 0166-445X SN - 1879-1514 VL - 177 SP - 503 EP - 514 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-37633 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Wetzig, K. A1 - Steers, E.B.M. T1 - Investigations of the effect of hydrogen in an argon glow discharge N2 - Clear evidence of the effects caused by hydrogen, introduced in different forms in an analytical glow discharge source (GDS) operated with argon, is presented for the different matrix elements copper, stainless steel, titanium, aluminium and silicon. When hydrogen is present even in small quantities in argon, not only are there significant changes in the emission line intensities of most elements (analyte and plasma species), but also new spectral features, such as emission bands of new compounds (hydrides of sputtered sample constituents) and a continuous background in the range ~220–440 nm. Moreover, the discharge current (the dependent parameter in our experiments) decreases with increasing hydrogen concentration. Different modes of hydrogen introduction, externally in gaseous form or sputtered as a sample constituent, cause very similar effects in terms of discharge current, line intensity (of analyte and plasma gas) and emission continua, which implies similar changes in the discharge processes in the two cases. The excitation of the hydrogen continuum appears to quench the population of the argon metastables (11.55 and 11.72 eV) and, consequently, other elementary processes in the plasma in which the argon metastables take part, but to a different extent for each analyte. PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b002367l SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 IS - 15 SP - 1075 EP - 1080 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-964 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Wetzig, K. A1 - Steers, E.B.M. T1 - Emission spectra of copper and argon in an argon glow discharge containing small quantities of hydrogen N2 - The influence of hydrogen contained in a sample or otherwise introduced into a glow discharge source (GDS) is here extensively experimentally presented for the case of copper as a sample by means of the addition of small quantities of molecular hydrogen (<1% relative partial pressure) to the argon carrier gas. The progressive addition of molecular hydrogen causes different intensity changes particular to the individual lines of different species such as atomic (Cu I) and ionic (Cu II) copper, and also atomic (Ar I) and ionic (Ar II) argon. Some interesting features of the emission spectrum of hydrogen such as its line, band and even continuum spectrum are observed. It was also found that the depth resolution becomes worse even at very low concentrations of hydrogen. PY - 2000 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b001565m SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 IS - 15 SP - 951 EP - 958 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-965 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Steers, E.B.M. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Unger, Wolfgang A1 - Paatsch, Wolfgang A1 - Wetzig, K. T1 - Influence of hydrogen on the analytical figures of merit of glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy - friend or foe? PY - 2003 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b305384a SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 18 SP - 521 EP - 526 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-2290 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Steers, E.B.M. A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Wetzig, K. T1 - The effect of small quantities of hydrogen on a glow discharge in neon. Comparison with the argon case N2 - In order to gain an insight into the numerous effects caused by the addition of hydrogen to an argon glow discharge, comparison experiments have been made with neon as carrier gas. In some cases the effects are diminished or even disappear. Using various bulk samples, such as copper, steel and titanium, sputtered in a neon glow discharge, the intensities of the analytical lines are affected by the presence of hydrogen in different ways from argon; the dependent parameter (the discharge current in this work) and the sputtering rate vary less than in argon. The crater shape and roughness are also affected and these effects are discussed qualitatively. Probably the most important spectral feature caused by hydrogen in the case of a discharge in argon is the emission of a continuous background. This does not appear in neon under similar discharge conditions and only weakly at high hydrogen concentrations. This supports the suggestion, made in previous work, that an effective quenching process of the argon metastables (11.55 and 11.72 eV) is Penning excitation of the hydrogen molecules, and subsequent decay to a repulsive state with emission of the continuum; in neon the energy match does not occur. It was found with neon, as with argon, that similar features occur as when hydrogen is introduced in different ways into the glow discharge: as a molecular gas contamination or as a constituent of the sample. Glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) experiments carried out with both argon and neon support the results obtained by optical emission spectrometry (OES) and provide further relevant information. PY - 2001 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/b007527m SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 16 SP - 43 EP - 49 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-6887 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Steers, E.B.M. A1 - Griepentrog, Michael A1 - Dück, Alexander A1 - Beck, Uwe T1 - Round Robin exercise: Coated materials for glow discharge spectroscopy N2 - A Round Robin (RR) exercise on selected coated materials has been carried out with the aim of finding the optimal conditions for the analysis of nitride layers with GD-OES. Such pre-normative work is necessary for the evaluation of parallel development of the production of nitride layers as certified reference materials (CRMs). Two types of samples, Ti–N layer and V–N layer, respectively, with chemical compositions close to stoichiometry and a thickness of ~3 µm, deposited on a steel substrate, have been provided to the RR participants. Additionally, another type of sample, a (100 nm CrNi/100 nm Cu) multilayer (ML) stack deposited on silicon wafer has also been included in the RR. This sample can be used as a CRM for checking GD spectrometer conditions and it has been proved helpful in further development of GDS instrumentation and methodology. The RR exercise has been performed in the frame of the EC Thematic Network on Glow Discharge Spectroscopy for Spectrochemical Analysis (‘GDS-Net’). KW - Coated/Layered Reference Materials KW - Nitrides KW - Multilayer KW - GDS KW - Round Robin PY - 2006 DO - https://doi.org/10.1039/B513426A SN - 0267-9477 SN - 1364-5544 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 74 EP - 81 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London AN - OPUS4-11762 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, H A1 - Paulisch, M C A1 - Gebhard, M A1 - Osiewacz, J A1 - Kutter, M A1 - Hilger, A A1 - Arlt, T A1 - Kardjilov, N A1 - Ellendorff, B A1 - Beckmann, F A1 - Markötter, Henning A1 - Luik, M A1 - Turek, T A1 - Manke, I A1 - Roth, C T1 - Development of a Modular Operando Cell for X-ray Imaging of Strongly Absorbing Silver-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes N2 - Metal-based gas diffusion electrodes are utilized in chlor-alkali electrolysis or electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, allowing the reaction to proceed at high current densities. In contrast to planar electrodes and predominantly 2D designs, the industrially required high current densities can be achieved by intense contact between the gas and liquid phase with the catalytically active surfaces. An essential asset for the knowledge-based design of tailored electrodes is therefore in-depth information on electrolyte distribution and intrusion into the electrode’s porous structure. Lab-based and synchrotron radiography allow for monitoring this process operando. Herein, we describe the development of a cell design that can be modularly adapted and successfully used to monitor both the oxygen reduction reaction and the electrochemical reduction of CO2 as exemplary and currently very relevant examples of gas-liquid reactions by only minor modifications to the cell set-up. With the reported cell design, we were able to observe the electrolyte distribution within the gas diffusion electrode during cell operation in realistic conditions. KW - X-Ray imaging KW - Gas diffusion electrodes KW - Operando cell PY - 2022 DO - https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac6220 VL - 169 IS - 4 SP - 044508 PB - IOP science AN - OPUS4-55027 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -